Adaptive outdoor special-shaped box-type substation with multi-dimensional thermal management

Abstract

The application discloses an adaptive outdoor special-shaped box-type substation adopting multidimensional heat management, which comprises a box body and an electrical equipment unit, and has a high-voltage chamber, a transformer chamber and a low-voltage chamber in the box body. The box-type substation further comprises a composite heat management top cover, a dynamic dust removal and heat dissipation module and a multifunctional wire duct system. The composite heat management top cover comprises an inner base plate and an arc-shaped outer cover, and a phase change energy storage material layer is arranged on the inner surface of the arc-shaped outer cover. The dynamic dust removal and heat dissipation module comprises a dustproof grid, a turbulence generation channel and an inner insect screen, and the turbulence generation channel is provided with a plurality of guide vane groups. The multifunctional wire duct system comprises a main heat dissipation channel and a plurality of branch channels, and the bottom of the main heat dissipation channel is embedded with a temperature monitoring cable and a flame-retardant sheath. The box-type substation is controlled from the top heat environment, intelligently adjusted in the lateral ventilation and dust prevention and integrated with the comprehensive functions of the bottom space in three dimensions, so that the environmental adaptability, operation energy efficiency, safety and maintainability of the outdoor box-type substation are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of substation technology, and more specifically, to an adaptive outdoor irregular-shaped box-type substation employing multi-dimensional thermal management. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, outdoor prefabricated substations face a severe challenge due to insufficient environmental adaptability. Traditional prefabricated substation roofs are mostly flat or single-slope structures, allowing solar radiation heat to easily penetrate into the enclosure through conduction / convection, leading to excessively high internal temperatures (in summer, the internal temperature can reach more than 1.5 times the external temperature), significantly increasing electrical equipment wear and shortening its lifespan. To alleviate overheating, fixed louvers are typically installed on the side walls for ventilation; however, this structure is easily clogged in areas with high winds, sandstorms, and willow catkins (actual measurements show that dust accumulation can exceed 60% within two months), not only reducing air intake efficiency but also posing safety hazards due to the frequent opening and closing of the enclosure for cleaning and maintenance.

[0003] Meanwhile, the existing cable channels at the bottom of the transformer substation have a single function: they are only used for wiring and cannot solve the problem of localized overheating in areas with dense cables; maintenance requires disassembling and reassembling multiple components, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Although some designs have added simple ventilation slots, there is no dust isolation mechanism, which increases the risk of dust accumulation on the equipment.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new type of prefabricated substation that integrates top-cover radiation isolation, lateral dynamic dust removal, bottom intelligent temperature control, and integrated three-dimensional fire protection for multi-dimensional synergistic optimization, in order to improve the continuous operation capability, energy efficiency, and safety level in extreme environments. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an adaptive outdoor irregular-shaped box-type substation with multi-dimensional thermal management, which deeply integrates the three core modules of the original patent and strengthens the systematic and intelligent level of its collaborative mechanism, forming a full-link technical solution covering thermal management, safety protection, and convenient operation and maintenance. It is more suitable for harsh outdoor scenarios such as wind, sand, high temperature, and high humidity, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] An adaptive outdoor irregular-shaped prefabricated substation employing multi-dimensional thermal management includes a prefabricated enclosure, electrical equipment units housed within the enclosure, and cabinet doors on the enclosure. The interior of the enclosure is divided into a high-voltage compartment, a transformer compartment, and a low-voltage compartment by two firewalls. The prefabricated substation also includes: A composite thermal management top cover is located on the top of the enclosure and includes an inner substrate that is sealed to the enclosure and an arc-shaped outer cover supported above the inner substrate by multiple thermal insulation pillars. The inner surface of the arc-shaped outer cover is coated with a phase change energy storage material layer. The dynamic dust removal and heat dissipation module is installed on the side wall of the housing and includes a dustproof grille, a turbulence generation channel and an inner insect-proof net arranged sequentially from the outside to the inside. The turbulence generation channel has a number of guide vane groups. The multi-functional cable tray system is installed at the bottom of the high-voltage room, transformer room and low-voltage room, and includes a main heat dissipation channel and several branch channels. The side wall of the main heat dissipation channel is provided with a ventilation port that communicates with the dynamic dust removal and heat dissipation module. The top of the main heat dissipation channel is provided with an openable sealing cover plate. The bottom of the main heat dissipation channel is embedded with temperature monitoring cables and flame-retardant sheaths.

[0008] Preferably, the cross-section of the arc-shaped outer cover is continuously wavy, and the arc-shaped outer cover includes a central ridge valley and lateral ridges located on the sidewall of the central ridge valley. The central ridge valley is a downwardly concave arc-shaped segment, and the lateral ridges are upwardly convex arc-shaped segments.

[0009] Preferably, the radius of curvature of the central ridge valley is greater than the radius of curvature of the lateral ridge.

[0010] Preferably, each group of the guide vanes includes one fixed guide vane and one movable guide vane. The movable guide vane is connected to a micro-adjustment mechanism, which is used to adjust the tortuosity of the ventilation path and the air intake of the turbulence generation channel according to the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the box and the dust concentration at the dustproof grille.

[0011] Preferably, both the fixed guide vane and the movable guide vane are bent toward the inner cavity of the box.

[0012] Preferably, the micro-adjustment mechanism includes a motor and a controller. The output end of the motor is fixedly connected to one of the movable guide vanes. Each movable guide vane is fixedly connected to a sprocket. The sprockets are connected to each other by chain drive. Temperature sensors are fixedly connected to the inner and outer walls of the housing. A dust concentration sensor is fixedly connected to the dustproof grille. The motor, temperature sensor, and dust concentration sensor are all signal-connected to the controller.

[0013] Preferably, the fireproof wall panel comprises, from the inside out, a fireproof core layer, a vacuum insulation panel, and a metal skin. The fireproof core layer is a ceramic silicate board, and the fireproof wall panel has an expansion fireproof sealing strip around its perimeter.

[0014] Preferably, the main heat dissipation channel is provided with a hollow support extending along its length, the temperature monitoring cable is attached to the hollow support, and the flame-retardant sheath covers the inner wall of the main heat dissipation channel.

[0015] Preferably, the inner top walls of the high-voltage chamber, transformer chamber, and low-voltage chamber are all provided with guide plates, and an exhaust fan is fixedly connected to the surface of the inner substrate. The air inlet of the exhaust fan is fixedly connected to the guide plate in the transformer chamber with a main pipe. The guide plates in the high-voltage chamber and transformer chamber are connected to the main pipe with branch pipes, and the inner diameter of the branch pipe is smaller than the inner diameter of the main pipe.

[0016] Preferably, the guide plate includes a central collecting section and an edge collecting section, and the bottom of the edge collecting section is connected to a drain pipe.

[0017] By adopting the aforementioned technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. By setting up a composite thermal management top cover, the air gap formed by the arc-shaped outer cover and the inner substrate through the thermal insulation pillars provides a good static thermal insulation effect. At the same time, the phase change energy storage material layer laid on the inner surface of the arc-shaped outer cover can absorb and store a large amount of solar radiation heat during the day when the temperature is high, effectively blocking the heat transfer into the box. When the temperature drops at night, it condenses and releases heat, which greatly reduces the temperature fluctuation inside the box and provides a more constant temperature operating environment for electrical equipment. It significantly reduces the dependence on active cooling equipment and achieves the goal of energy saving. In addition, the unique wavy arc-shaped outer cover structure enhances air convection, reduces the environmental heat load from the source, and improves the overall energy efficiency.

[0018] 2. By setting up a dynamic dust removal and heat dissipation module, and through a multi-stage filtration and ventilation path consisting of a dustproof grille, a turbulence generation channel, and an inner insect-proof net, large particles of debris are initially filtered out when the cooling air is introduced. The turbulence generation channel is equipped with an adjustable guide vane group. Each group includes a fixed guide vane and a movable guide vane driven by a micro-adjustment mechanism. Temperature sensors and dust concentration sensors monitor the process in real time, and the controller makes intelligent judgments. When the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the chamber is large and the dust is low, the guide vanes are adjusted to make the channel relatively smooth, increasing the air intake to enhance heat dissipation. When the dust concentration is high, the channel tortuosity is increased, so that the airflow generates more vortices in the turbulence generation channel. Through inertial separation, the dust settles, which greatly improves the dust removal efficiency while ensuring basic ventilation.

[0019] 3. By setting up a multi-functional cable tray system, including main heat dissipation channels and branch channels, not only is the laying of power cables organized, but the system itself constitutes an efficient bottom ventilation network. The ventilation openings on the side walls of the main heat dissipation channel are connected to the dynamic dust removal and heat dissipation modules on the side, directly introducing the pre-dust-removed cooling air into the cable concentration area to specifically solve the cable overheating problem. The temperature monitoring cables embedded in the channel can detect abnormal cable temperatures in real time and achieve early warning. The fireproof wall plate with flame-retardant sheath and fireproof core layer constitutes a three-dimensional fire protection system from the cable tray to the compartment. The active exhaust system composed of the top guide plate and exhaust fan forms a directional airflow from bottom to top with the bottom air intake, which enhances the heat exchange inside the box. In addition, the design of the sealed cover makes the cable tray a modular maintenance channel that can be opened quickly. This system highly integrates five major functions: heat dissipation and ventilation, cable management, temperature monitoring, fire protection, and convenient maintenance, realizing efficient, safe, and intelligent utilization of the bottom space of the transformer substation and reducing the operation and maintenance cost throughout the entire life cycle. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with their description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a first-view structural diagram of an outdoor irregular-shaped box-type substation in one embodiment; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the diagram; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a composite thermal management top cover structure in one embodiment; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the dynamic dust removal and heat dissipation module structure in one embodiment; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a multifunctional cable tray system structure in one embodiment; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a firewall board structure in one embodiment; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the guide vane structure in one embodiment; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the outdoor irregular-shaped box-type substation from a second perspective in one embodiment. Figure 9 This is a flowchart illustrating the implementation of the flow guide plate group adjustment mechanism in one embodiment.

[0022] Figure label: 100. Enclosure; 110. Fireproof wall panel; 111. Fireproof core layer; 112. Vacuum insulation panel; 113. Metal skin; 114. Expandable fireproof sealing strip; 120. High-voltage compartment; 130. Transformer compartment; 140. Low-voltage compartment; 150. Flow guide plate; 151. Central collection section; 152. Edge liquid collection section; 153. Drain pipe; 200. Electrical equipment unit; 300. Cabinet door; 400. Composite thermal management top cover; 410. Inner substrate; 420. Thermal insulation support column; 430. Arc-shaped outer cover; 431. Central ridge; 432. Lateral ridge; 440. Phase change energy storage material layer; 500. Dynamic dust removal and heat dissipation module; 5 10. Dustproof grille; 520. Turbulence generation channel; 530. Inner insect-proof net; 540. Guide vane assembly; 541. Fixed guide vane; 542. Movable guide vane; 550. Micro-adjustment mechanism; 551. Motor; 552. Controller; 553. Sprocket; 554. Chain; 555. Temperature sensor; 556. Dust concentration sensor; 600. Multifunctional cable tray system; 610. Main heat dissipation channel; 620. Branch channel; 630. Ventilation outlet; 640. Sealing cover; 650. Temperature monitoring cable; 660. Flame-retardant sheath; 670. Hollowed-out bracket; 700. Exhaust fan; 710. Main pipe; 720. Branch pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0023] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention.

[0024] The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the invention or its application or use.

[0025] Techniques, methods, and equipment known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and equipment should be considered part of the specification.

[0026] In all the examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values.

[0027] like Figures 1-8As shown, the adaptive outdoor irregular-shaped box-type substation with multi-dimensional thermal management includes a box 100, an electrical equipment unit 200 installed inside the box 100, and a cabinet door 300 opened on the box 100. The interior of the box 100 is divided into a high-voltage compartment 120, a transformer compartment 130, and a low-voltage compartment 140 by two fire firewalls 110. The outdoor irregular-shaped box-type substation also includes a composite thermal management top cover 400, a dynamic dust removal and heat dissipation module 500, and a multi-functional cable tray system 600.

[0028] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3 The composite thermal management top cover 400 is located on the top of the housing 100, and the composite thermal management top cover 400 includes an inner substrate 410 that is sealed to the housing 100, and an arc-shaped outer cover 430 supported above the inner substrate 410 by a plurality of heat-insulating pillars 420. The inner surface of the arc-shaped outer cover 430 is covered with a phase change energy storage material layer 440.

[0029] It should be noted that the phase change energy storage material layer 440 is a composite material layer of paraffin and expanded graphite, with the expanded graphite encapsulating the paraffin inside.

[0030] During the day, when sunlight shines on the curved outer cover 430 and causes its temperature to rise, the phase change energy storage material layer 440 laid on the inner surface absorbs heat and gradually melts from solid to liquid. This heat-absorbing melting process stores a large amount of solar radiation heat and prevents it from being directly conducted to the inner substrate 410 and the interior of the housing 100 below, thereby significantly reducing the temperature peak inside the housing 100. At night or on cloudy days, when the external ambient temperature drops, the melted phase change energy storage material layer 440 releases the stored heat and re-solidifies into a solid state, preparing for the next heat absorption cycle.

[0031] By setting up a composite thermal management top cover 400, the air insulation layer between the inner substrate 410 and the arc-shaped outer cover 430, as well as the phase change energy storage material layer 440, effectively blocks and stores solar radiation heat, significantly reducing the heat input from the external environment to the inside of the enclosure 100.

[0032] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 4 The dynamic dust removal and heat dissipation module 500 is installed on the side wall of the housing 100, and the dynamic dust removal and heat dissipation module 500 includes a dustproof grille 510, a turbulence generation channel 520 and an inner insect-proof net 530 arranged sequentially from the outside to the inside. The turbulence generation channel 520 has a number of guide vane groups 540.

[0033] By setting up a dynamic dust removal and heat dissipation module 500, and utilizing the turbulence generation channel 520 and the guide vane group 540 inside, turbulence can be generated in the airflow while introducing cooling airflow, so that some dust particles can be separated and settled in the channel. Combined with the dustproof grille 510 and the inner insect-proof net 530, a combination of efficient ventilation and multi-level dust and insect prevention is achieved.

[0034] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5 The multi-functional cable tray system 600 is installed at the bottom of the high-voltage chamber 120, the transformer chamber 130 and the low-voltage chamber 140. The multi-functional cable tray system 600 includes a main heat dissipation channel 610 and several branch channels 620. The side wall of the main heat dissipation channel 610 is provided with a ventilation opening 630 that communicates with the dynamic dust removal and heat dissipation module 500. The top of the main heat dissipation channel 610 is provided with an openable sealing cover 640. The bottom of the main heat dissipation channel 610 is embedded with a temperature monitoring cable 650 and a flame-retardant sheath 660.

[0035] By setting up a multi-functional cable tray system 600, bottom cable management is combined with active heat dissipation air ducts. The main heat dissipation channel 610 and the branch channel 620 not only organize the cable layout, but the ventilation openings 630 on their side walls can also introduce cooling airflow to directly dissipate heat from the cables. The sealing cover 640 facilitates maintenance, while the temperature monitoring cable 650 and the flame-retardant sheath 660 improve the level of safety monitoring and fire resistance.

[0036] Please refer to Figure 3 The cross-section of the arc-shaped outer cover 430 is continuously wavy. The arc-shaped outer cover 430 includes a central ridge valley 431 and a lateral ridge 432 located on the side wall of the central ridge valley 431. The central ridge valley 431 is a downwardly concave arc-shaped segment, and the lateral ridge 432 is an upwardly convex arc-shaped segment.

[0037] The wavy structure can effectively increase the contact area with air. In a natural wind environment, the concave structure of the central ridge 431 can guide the air to flow smoothly, while the convex structure of the lateral ridge 432 can accelerate the air flow, forming a more efficient convection heat dissipation channel above the composite thermal management top cover 400.

[0038] It should be noted that the radius of curvature of the central ridge valley 431 is greater than that of the lateral ridge 432. The larger central curvature makes the airflow in the central ridge valley 431 region smoother and more stable, reducing wind resistance, while the smaller lateral curvature makes the airflow accelerate more significantly in the lateral ridge 432.

[0039] In addition, the central area of ​​the composite thermal management top cover 400 is usually the concentration point of the structural support and may also bear a larger potential load (such as the stepping of maintenance personnel). The larger radius of curvature means that the degree of bending at this point is smaller, which can more evenly convert the vertical load into compressive stress transmitted along the curved surface, thus having stronger compressive and deformation resistance and improving the overall rigidity.

[0040] For example, please refer to Figure 3 The arc-shaped outer casing 430 is made of 304 stainless steel through continuous roll forming. The radius of curvature of its central ridge 431 is designed to be 1200mm, and the radius of curvature of the lateral ridges 432 is 600mm. During the factory prefabrication, the wind pressure distribution of the corrugated structure is optimized through finite element analysis using ANSYS Fluent. The measured wind pressure resistance level reaches level 12 and can withstand wind speeds of 35m / s.

[0041] The phase change energy storage material layer 440 is composed of 70wt% paraffin wax, 25wt% expanded graphite, and 5wt% nano-silicon carbide, with a thickness of 5cm. During construction, a hot-melt injection process is used: the mixed material is first heated to 75℃ to a liquid state, then evenly sprayed onto the inner surface of the arc-shaped outer cover 430, and finally shaped using a pressure roller. The phase change temperature of this formula is 45±2℃, and the latent heat of phase change is ≥190kJ / kg.

[0042] The thickness of the air insulation layer is precisely controlled to 80mm by the insulation support column 420. The column is filled with aerogel particles with a thermal conductivity of 0.02W / m·K. The seal between the air insulation layer and the inner substrate 410 is achieved by continuous injection of silicone weather-resistant adhesive according to GB / T14683 standard.

[0043] Please refer to Figure 4 Each set of guide vanes 540 includes a fixed guide vane 541 and a movable guide vane 542. The movable guide vane 542 is connected to a micro-adjustment mechanism 550. The micro-adjustment mechanism 550 is used to adjust the tortuosity of the ventilation path and the air intake of the turbulence generation channel 520 according to the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the housing 100 and the dust concentration at the dustproof grille 510.

[0044] The system can automatically change the angle of the movable guide vane 542 according to the temperature difference and dust concentration inside and outside the housing 100, thereby adjusting the tortuosity and air intake of the turbulence generation channel 520. When the temperature difference is large and the dust is low, the air intake is increased to enhance heat dissipation, and when the dust concentration is high, the channel tortuosity is increased to improve dust removal efficiency, thus achieving an intelligent balance between heat dissipation and dust prevention.

[0045] It should be noted that both the fixed guide vane 541 and the movable guide vane 542 are bent toward the inner cavity of the box 100. This arc-shaped guiding design can more gently guide the external airflow to the deep part inside the box 100, and make the airflow form a rotating vortex before entering the box 100, which is conducive to collecting the dust settled in the turbulent flow generation channel 520 to a specific area, while reducing the speed of the airflow directly blowing the electrical equipment, so as to achieve mild and uniform heat dissipation.

[0046] As an optional embodiment of this example, as shown in Figure 9 , the adjustment mechanism of the guide vane set (540) is implemented as follows: Sensor network: The external box temperature sensor 555 is installed 5cm inside the dust-proof grille 510 to avoid direct sunlight, and the internal box sensor is located in the transformer chamber 130 at a position 1.5m above the ground; the dust concentration sensor 556 adopts the laser scattering principle with a measuring range of 0-20mg / m³, and is embedded inside the grille rib plate. The rotation accuracy of the movable guide vane 542 is controlled by the sprocket 553 with a module of 2 and 18 teeth. The micro motor 551 is a 24V DC geared motor with a torque of 0.5N·m and a response time ≤0.5s; all sensor data are uploaded to the controller 552 through the Modbus-RTU protocol, and the historical data storage period is 30 days; the above control strategy of the guide vane set 540 is as described in Figure 9 , after the system is powered on and running, it enters the following closed-loop control process (controller MCU model: STM32F407VGT6): Decision node 1: Temperature difference judgment Collect the temperature difference ΔT between the inside and outside of the box in real time (ΔT= - ); If ΔT≥10°C → jump to decision node 2; If ΔT<10°C → execute the action: close the movable guide vane (opening degree 0%), and the ventilation path is completely blocked; Decision node 2: Dust concentration judgment (primary) Synchronously read the dust concentration value C (unit: mg / m³) at the dust-proof grille; If C≤5mg / m³ (clean working condition) → execute the action: start the motor to rotate forward by 15° → increase the opening degree of the movable guide vane to 80%; effect: reduce the channel tortuosity and maximize the air intake; if C>5mg / m³ → jump to decision node 3 Decision node 3: Dust concentration judgment (secondary) If C>10mg / m³ (high-dust working condition) → execute the action: drive the motor to rotate reversely by 30° → reduce the opening degree of the movable guide vane to 40%; effect: increase the channel tortuosity and induce vortex dust removal; if 5mg / m³<C≤10mg / m³ (moderate dust) → execute the action: keep the current opening degree of the guide vane unchanged After completing one adjustment, the system waits one minute to re-detect the parameters before entering the next decision-making cycle; Please refer to Figure 4 Specifically, the micro-adjustment mechanism 550 includes a motor 551 and a controller 552. The output end of the motor 551 is fixedly connected to one of the movable guide vanes 542. Each movable guide vane 542 is fixedly connected to a sprocket 553. The sprockets 553 are connected to each other by a chain 554. Temperature sensors 555 are fixedly connected to the inner and outer walls of the housing 100. A dust concentration sensor 556 is fixedly connected to the dustproof grille 510. The motor 551, temperature sensor 555 and dust concentration sensor 556 are all signal connected to the controller 552.

[0047] It achieves synchronous and precise driving of multiple active air guide plates 542, with fast response speed and high degree of automation, ensuring that the dynamic dust removal and heat dissipation module 500 is always in the optimal working state, improving the overall energy efficiency and reliability of the system.

[0048] Please refer to Figure 6 Firewall panel 110 comprises, from the inside out, a fireproof core layer 111, a vacuum insulation panel 112, and a metal skin 113. The fireproof core layer 111 is a ceramic silicate board, and the perimeter of the firewall panel 110 is provided with an expansion fireproof sealing strip 114.

[0049] The fireproof core layer 111 provides basic fire resistance, the vacuum insulation panel 112 can effectively block heat transfer, and the metal skin 113 enhances structural strength and sealing. The multi-layer composite structure can more durablely and effectively isolate fire and high temperature in the event of a fire, preventing its spread. The surrounding inflatable fireproof sealing strips 114 expand when heated, which can seal assembly gaps, further enhancing the fireproof separation effect between rooms and significantly improving safety.

[0050] Please refer to Figure 5 The main heat dissipation channel 610 has a hollow support 670 extending along its length inside, the temperature monitoring cable 650 is attached to the hollow support 670, and the flame-retardant sheath 660 covers the inner wall of the main heat dissipation channel 610.

[0051] A hollow bracket 670 is installed inside the main heat dissipation channel 610, allowing the temperature monitoring cable 650 to be attached and laid. This not only stabilizes the cable but also ensures air circulation around it, making temperature monitoring more accurate. The flame-retardant sheath 660 covers the inner wall, providing additional fire protection for the cable channel itself. This design integrates cable support, heat dissipation channel, temperature monitoring and fire protection into one compact structure with complete functions.

[0052] Please refer to Figure 7 and Figure 8The inner top walls of the high-voltage chamber 120, transformer chamber 130 and low-voltage chamber 140 are all provided with guide plates 150. An exhaust fan 700 is fixedly connected to the surface of the inner substrate 410. The air inlet of the exhaust fan 700 is fixedly connected to the guide plate 150 in the transformer chamber 130 by a main pipe 710. The guide plates 150 in the high-voltage chamber 120 and transformer chamber 130 are connected to the main pipe 710 by branch pipes 720. The inner diameter of the branch pipe 720 is smaller than the inner diameter of the main pipe 710.

[0053] A baffle plate 150 is installed on the inner top wall of the three functional rooms, which can effectively collect and guide hot air to gather at the top. The active exhaust system consisting of exhaust fan 700, main pipe 710 and branch pipe 720, especially the main pipe 710 is connected to the transformer room 130 with the largest heat generation, can reasonably dissipate heat according to the different heat dissipation requirements of each functional room.

[0054] like Figure 8 The exhaust fan 700 uses an EC fan with a power of 0.75kW and an air volume of 800m³ / h. The main pipe is 710mm diameter (DN150) connecting to the transformer compartment 130, and the branch pipe is 720mm diameter (DN100) connecting to the high-voltage compartment 120 and the low-voltage compartment 140. In extreme high-temperature scenarios with ambient temperatures >40℃: When the temperature in transformer room 130 reaches ≥75℃, the exhaust fan speed automatically increases to 100%. When the temperature drops below 65℃, the inverter mode is switched to 50% speed, and the actual measured daily power saving is about 8.2kWh.

[0055] Please refer to Figure 7 The guide plate 150 includes a central collecting part 151 and an edge collecting part 152, and the bottom of the edge collecting part 152 is connected to a drain pipe 153.

[0056] The central collection section 151 is mainly used to collect hot air, while the edge liquid collection section 152 can specifically collect condensate that may be generated on the inner wall of the housing 100. This structure realizes the separation and collection of hot air and condensate and their separate discharge, effectively preventing condensate from dripping onto the electrical equipment unit 200 below, and improving the moisture-proof safety and operational stability of the equipment.

[0057] In addition, the integrated functionality of the multi-functional cable tray system, such as... Figure 5-7 Key implementation details include: (1) Heat dissipation duct structure: The main heat dissipation channel 610 has a cross-sectional size of 150mm×80mm. The side wall ventilation port 630 is a circular array of holes with a diameter of φ20mm and an opening rate of 40%. Its position is directly opposite the air outlet of the dynamic dust removal module 500. The bottom is provided with a 10° inclined dust collection slope, and the end is connected to a detachable dust collection box.

[0058] (2) Fireproof subsystem: Fireproof cable tray: Flame-retardant sheath 660 is ceramicized silicone rubber composite material with flame retardant grade V0, thickness 3mm, expands to form a carbonized layer when exposed to fire, expansion ratio ≥15; Cabin isolation: The fireproof core layer 111 of the fireproof wall panel 110 is made of Al2O3-SiO2 ceramic fiber board with a thickness of 20mm and a fire resistance limit of 2h. The vacuum insulation panel 112 uses Microtherm® core material with a thermal conductivity of 0.004W / m·K. The metal skin 113 is 0.8mm aluminum-zinc coated steel plate.

[0059] (3) Condensate management: The central collection part 151 of the guide plate 150 is designed as a V-shaped groove with an inclination angle of 5°, the edge collection part 152 is made into a water collection ditch with a depth of 3mm, the drain pipe 153 has an inner diameter of Φ15mm, the pipe slope is 3‰, and the outlet is connected to the drainage system of the box foundation.

[0060] Optionally in this embodiment, the sealing cover 640 of the main heat dissipation channel 610 adopts a quick-release structure: magnetic buckles with an adsorption force of ≥500N are arranged at the four corners, and a tempered glass viewing window with a high-temperature resistant PET film is provided in the center. During operation and maintenance, only the buckles need to be unlocked to open the cover for cable inspection. The maintenance channel of the guide plate assembly 540 is designed inside the enclosure 100. After removing the inner insect screen 530, the guide plate can be pulled out for rinsing without powering off or stopping the machine. In areas with severe sandstorms, a secondary pre-filter is added: a 40-mesh sliding metal filter is installed 10cm outside the dustproof grille 510. When the filter becomes clogged, an alarm is triggered by a differential pressure sensor, and maintenance personnel can directly replace it from the outside. Simultaneously, high-wind protection logic is added to the control program: when the wind speed sensor detects a wind speed >20m / s for 10 minutes, the movable guide vane 542 automatically closes to a safe angle to prevent high-speed sand impact.

[0061] This solution achieves a breakthrough performance improvement through integrated structural design: The top radiative heat load is actively suppressed by adopting a triple design of a wavy arc-shaped outer cover (430mm), a phase change energy storage layer (440mm), and an air insulation layer: the wavy outer cover (central ridge R > lateral ridge R) effectively increases the convective heat dissipation area; the phase change material layer (paraffin / expanded graphite composite) absorbs heat and melts during the day (latent heat of phase change ≥180kJ / kg), and solidifies and releases heat at night, reducing the temperature fluctuation amplitude inside the chamber and reducing active cooling energy consumption; the air interlayer (supported by 420mm insulation pillars) blocks the heat conduction path and reduces radiative heat transmittance.

[0062] The intelligent dust removal and air volume adjustment of the side ventilation are achieved through a closed-loop system of multiple sensors 555 / 556-guide vane 540-micro mechanism 550: when the temperature difference is large and there is little dust, the controller 552 drives the motor 551 to level the movable guide vane 542, minimizing wind resistance and increasing air intake. Under high dust conditions, the movable guide vane 542 increases the tilt angle and induces vortices in the turbulent channel 520, using inertial force to improve the settling efficiency of particles larger than PM10; the inner and outer double protective layers, grid 510 + insect net 530, block large particles and insects from entering.

[0063] Five-dimensional functional integration of the bottom space, and 600-degree deep integration of the multi-functional cable tray system: For heat dissipation, the main channel 610 introduces dust-removed cool air through the vent 630, which is then blown directly onto the area with dense cables. Monitoring: A 670-inch hollow bracket is fitted with a 650-inch temperature monitoring cable to detect abnormal temperature rises in real time. Fireproof and flame-retardant sheath 660+ fire wall panel, fireproof core layer 111 / vacuum insulation board 112 / metal skin 113 form a three-dimensional fireproof barrier; Drainage: The central collection part 151 of the baffle plate 150 guides the hot air, and the edge liquid collection part 152 collects the condensate and discharges it through the drain pipe 153; Maintenance and inspection: The 640-degree openable and closable sealing cover forms a quick inspection and maintenance channel, improving operation and maintenance efficiency.

[0064] With overall energy efficiency optimization, the bottom air intake cable tray system 600 → top exhaust fan 700 forms a directional airflow, which, together with the 130 dedicated large-diameter main pipe 710 in the transformer room, improves heat dissipation efficiency compared to traditional box-type transformers and reduces overall energy consumption throughout the year.

[0065] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive outdoor irregular-shaped prefabricated substation employing multi-dimensional thermal management, comprising a prefabricated enclosure (100), electrical equipment units (200) disposed inside the enclosure (100), and cabinet doors (300) opened on the enclosure (100), wherein the interior of the enclosure (100) is divided into a high-voltage compartment (120), a transformer compartment (130), and a low-voltage compartment (140) by two fire firewalls (110), characterized in that, Also includes: A composite thermal management top cover (400) is located on the top of the housing (100) and includes an inner substrate (410) that is sealed to the housing (100) and an arc-shaped outer cover (430) supported above the inner substrate (410) by a plurality of thermal insulation pillars (420). The inner surface of the arc-shaped outer cover (430) is covered with a phase change energy storage material layer (440). The dynamic dust removal and heat dissipation module (500) is set on the side wall of the housing (100) and includes a dustproof grille (510), a turbulence generation channel (520) and an inner insect-proof net (530) arranged sequentially from the outside to the inside. The turbulence generation channel (520) has a number of guide vane groups (540).

2. The adaptive outdoor irregular-shaped box-type substation with multi-dimensional thermal management as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a multi-functional cable tray system (600), which is set at the bottom of the high-voltage chamber (120), the transformer chamber (130) and the low-voltage chamber (140), and includes a main heat dissipation channel (610) and several branch channels (620). The side wall of the main heat dissipation channel (610) is provided with a ventilation opening (630) that communicates with the dynamic dust removal heat dissipation module (500). The top of the main heat dissipation channel (610) is provided with an openable sealing cover plate (640). The bottom of the main heat dissipation channel (610) is embedded with a temperature monitoring cable (650) and a flame-retardant sheath (660).

3. The adaptive outdoor irregular-shaped box-type substation with multi-dimensional thermal management according to claim 2, characterized in that, The cross-section of the arc-shaped outer cover (430) is continuously wavy. The arc-shaped outer cover (430) includes a central ridge valley (431) and a lateral ridge (432) located on the side wall of the central ridge valley (431). The central ridge valley (431) is a downwardly concave arc-shaped segment, and the lateral ridge (432) is an upwardly convex arc-shaped segment. The radius of curvature of the central ridge valley (431) is greater than the radius of curvature of the lateral ridge (432).

4. The adaptive outdoor irregular-shaped box-type substation with multi-dimensional thermal management according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the guide vane groups (540) includes a fixed guide vane (541) and a movable guide vane (542). The movable guide vane (542) is connected to a micro-adjustment mechanism (550). The micro-adjustment mechanism (550) is used to adjust the tortuosity and air intake of the ventilation path of the turbulence generation channel (520) according to the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the housing (100) and the dust concentration at the dustproof grille (510).

5. The adaptive outdoor irregular-shaped box-type substation with multi-dimensional thermal management according to claim 4, characterized in that, Both the fixed guide vane (541) and the movable guide vane (542) are bent toward the inner cavity of the box (100).

6. The adaptive outdoor irregular-shaped box-type substation with multi-dimensional thermal management according to claim 5, characterized in that, The micro-adjustment mechanism (550) includes a motor (551) and a controller (552). The output end of the motor (551) is fixedly connected to one of the movable guide vanes (542). Each movable guide vane (542) is fixedly connected to a sprocket (553). The sprockets (553) are connected to each other by a chain (554). Temperature sensors (555) are fixedly connected to the inner and outer walls of the housing (100). A dust concentration sensor (556) is fixedly connected to the dustproof grille (510). The motor (551), temperature sensor (555), and dust concentration sensor (556) are all signal connected to the controller (552).

7. The adaptive outdoor irregular-shaped box-type substation with multi-dimensional thermal management according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fireproof wall panel (110) includes a fireproof core layer (111), a vacuum insulation panel (112), and a metal skin (113) from the inside out. The fireproof core layer (111) is a ceramic silicate board, and the fireproof wall panel (110) is provided with an expansion fireproof sealing strip (114) around its perimeter.

8. The adaptive outdoor irregular-shaped box-type substation with multi-dimensional thermal management according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main heat dissipation channel (610) is provided with a hollow bracket (670) extending along its length. The temperature monitoring cable (650) is attached to the hollow bracket (670), and the flame-retardant sheath (660) covers the inner wall of the main heat dissipation channel (610).

9. The adaptive outdoor irregular-shaped box-type substation with multi-dimensional thermal management according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The inner top walls of the high-voltage chamber (120), transformer chamber (130) and low-voltage chamber (140) are all provided with guide plates (150). An exhaust fan (700) is fixedly connected to the surface of the inner substrate (410). The air inlet of the exhaust fan (700) is fixedly connected to the guide plate (150) in the transformer chamber (130) by a main pipe (710). The guide plates (150) in the high-voltage chamber (120) and transformer chamber (130) are connected to the main pipe (710) by branch pipes (720). The inner diameter of the branch pipe (720) is smaller than the inner diameter of the main pipe (710).

10. The adaptive outdoor irregular-shaped box-type substation with multi-dimensional thermal management according to claim 9, characterized in that, The guide plate (150) includes a central collection section (151) and an edge collection section (152), and the bottom of the edge collection section (152) is connected to a drain pipe (153).

Images