Vehicle power supply protection device, method, system and vehicle

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of vehicle-mounted power protection device, method, system and vehicle, device includes control module, energy storage compensation module and current detection module, energy storage compensation module is connected bus through first switch module, current detection module includes detection resistance and first comparator module, and first comparator module is connected the control end of first switch module;In the case where bus current is greater than the first threshold value, first comparator module outputs first control signal to control first switch module to be conducted;In the case where the voltage of energy storage compensation module is lower than the second threshold value, control module outputs second control signal to control first switch module to be conducted.The application is ahead of the trend of bus voltage drop to pre-charge dynamic compensation current, maximum limit inhibits bus voltage drop amplitude, guarantees voltage-sensitive vehicle-mounted electric control equipment stable power supply, and can improve the power safety in high-voltage power supply application scenario.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of vehicle power supply, and in particular to a vehicle power supply protection device, method, system and vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid iteration and upgrading of automotive electrification and intelligent technologies, the traditional 12V vehicle power supply system has limited output power and can no longer meet the power requirements of high-power vehicle actuators such as electric power steering, electric turbocharging, and energy recovery braking. The 48V power supply system, with its high power density and superior power transmission efficiency, is gradually becoming the mainstream electrical configuration for mild hybrid passenger vehicle architectures and strictly adheres to industry-standard automotive power supply standards such as ISO 21780 and LV148.

[0003] Compared to the traditional 12V power supply architecture, the 48V system operates at a higher voltage level, resulting in a wider impact range when an electrical fault occurs in the system circuit. After switching to a 48V system in a vehicle, larger power loads, such as electric power steering (EPS), active suspension, and electronic brake assist, can be integrated into the area controller and directly driven by it. This architecture significantly reduces wiring harness length and saves on the cost of the distribution box compared to a direct connection. However, when a high-power load is switched on, a large transient current surge is generated. This current surge causes a momentary drop in the 48V bus voltage, leading to malfunctions or even unexpected resets of other sensitive loads connected to the same bus. For critical equipment such as autonomous driving domain controllers, sensors, and high-precision communication modules, this transient voltage drop severely affects functional safety and system reliability. For example, under typical operating conditions such as vehicle start-up and instantaneous full-load output of power steering, the instantaneous voltage drop on the bus can reach 5-10V, exceeding the normal power supply capacitance range of ADAS domain controllers and high-precision vehicle sensors.

[0004] In summary, the vehicle power supply system in the relevant technologies has certain safety defects in application scenarios with high voltage power supplies such as 48V. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application proposes an on-board power protection device, method, system, and vehicle that can improve power safety in high-voltage power supply application scenarios.

[0006] According to an embodiment of the first aspect of this application, an on-board power protection device is disposed between a power source and a load, wherein the power source is connected to the load via a busbar, and the on-board power protection device includes: Control module; An energy storage compensation module is provided, wherein the energy storage compensation module is connected to the bus via a first switch module, the control module is connected to the control terminal of the first switch module, and the energy storage compensation module is connected to the first voltage sampling terminal of the control module. A current detection module includes a detection resistor and a first comparator module. The detection resistor is connected in series between the power supply and the load. The two ends of the detection resistor are respectively connected to the input terminal of the first comparator module. The output terminal of the first comparator module is connected to the current sampling terminal of the control module for sampling the bus current. The first comparator module is connected to the control terminal of the first switch module. When the bus current is greater than a preset first threshold, the first comparator module outputs a first control signal to control the first switch module to turn on so that the energy storage compensation module injects compensation current into the bus; when the voltage of the energy storage compensation module is lower than a preset second threshold, the control module controls the first switch module to turn on so as to charge the energy storage compensation module through the bus.

[0007] According to some embodiments of this application, it further includes: an overvoltage protection module, the overvoltage protection module comprising: An active overvoltage clamping circuit; the active overvoltage clamping circuit is connected to the busbar; The second comparator module has a first input terminal connected to the power supply, a second input terminal for inputting a preset third threshold, and the second comparator module is connected to the control terminal of the active overvoltage clamping circuit. When the power supply voltage is higher than the third threshold, the second comparator module controls the active overvoltage clamping circuit to start.

[0008] According to some embodiments of this application, the power source is a battery module, and the overvoltage protection module further includes: A bidirectional CLLC resonant feedback converter, one end of which is connected to the bus, and the other end of which is connected to the battery module; the second comparator module is connected to the control terminal of the bidirectional CLLC resonant feedback converter. When the power supply voltage is higher than the third threshold, the second comparator module controls the bidirectional CLLC resonant feedback converter to switch to the working mode. In the working mode, the bidirectional CLLC resonant feedback converter converts the bus voltage and inputs it to the battery module.

[0009] According to some embodiments of this application, the second comparator module is connected to the control module; Specifically, when the power supply voltage is higher than the third threshold, the second comparator module feeds back an overvoltage signal to the control module.

[0010] According to some embodiments of this application, it further includes: a second switch module, which is connected in series to the bus at the front end of the energy storage compensation module and the current detection module, and the control module is connected to the control terminal of the second switch module.

[0011] According to some embodiments of this application, the control module is further provided with a second voltage sampling terminal, which is connected to the bus to sample the bus voltage.

[0012] According to some embodiments of this application, the control module is provided with a fault identification neural network model, which is used to identify the fault type based on the bus voltage and bus current.

[0013] The control method for an on-board power protection device according to a second aspect of this application, applied to a control module as described in the first aspect embodiment, includes the following steps: Acquire bus voltage and bus current data; Fault category identification is performed based on the bus voltage data and the bus current data to obtain the fault category result; Generate corresponding control commands based on the fault category results; In the case where the fault category result is an external short-circuit fault, a first control command is generated, which is used to disconnect the second switch module. If the fault category result is a reverse polarity fault, a first control command is generated; If the fault category result is lightning surge, a second control command is generated, which is used to turn on the first switch module.

[0014] An on-board power system according to a third aspect of this application includes a power supply and an on-board power protection device as described in the first aspect embodiment, wherein the power supply is connected to a load through the on-board power protection device.

[0015] The vehicle according to the fourth aspect of this application includes the on-board power system as described in the third aspect of the embodiment.

[0016] The vehicle power protection device, method, system, and vehicle according to the embodiments of this application have at least the following beneficial effects: In this embodiment, an energy storage compensation module and a current detection module are installed on the bus. The bus current is detected through a first comparator module and a detection resistor. When a high-power load is switched on, a large transient current surge occurs. When the first comparator module detects that the bus current exceeds a preset first threshold, it immediately generates a first control signal to control the first switch module to conduct, allowing the energy storage compensation module to inject compensation current into the bus to offset the transient current surge caused by the load and prevent a significant drop in bus voltage. Furthermore, the control module monitors the voltage of the energy storage compensation module in real time. When the voltage of the energy storage compensation module falls below a preset second threshold, the control module controls the first switch module to conduct, charging the energy storage compensation module through the bus and reserving sufficient instantaneous discharge voltage margin to ensure that the energy storage compensation module can normally provide compensation current to the bus in emergency situations. This application pre-injects dynamic compensation current before the bus voltage begins to drop, maximizing the suppression of the bus voltage drop amplitude, ensuring stable power supply for voltage-sensitive vehicle-mounted electronic control equipment, and improving power safety in high-voltage power supply applications.

[0017] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The present application will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, wherein: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the vehicle power protection device in the embodiments of this application; Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the control method for the vehicle power protection device in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0020] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the orientation descriptions, such as up, down, etc., are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0021] In the description of this application, "multiple" refers to two or more. The use of "first" and "second" is for the purpose of distinguishing technical features only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated, or the order in which the technical features are indicated.

[0022] In the description of this application, unless otherwise expressly defined, terms such as "setup," "installation," and "connection" should be interpreted broadly, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above terms in this application in conjunction with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0023] Reference Figure 1 As shown, an on-board power protection device is installed between the power source and the load. The power source is connected to the load via a busbar. The on-board power protection device includes: Control module; The energy storage compensation module is connected to the bus via the first switch module, the control module is connected to the control terminal of the first switch module, and the energy storage compensation module is connected to the first voltage sampling terminal of the control module. The current detection module includes a detection resistor R1 and a first comparator module. The detection resistor R1 is connected in series between the power supply and the load. The two ends of the detection resistor R1 are respectively connected to the two input terminals of the first comparator module for feedback of the bus current. The output terminal of the first comparator module is connected to the current sampling terminal of the control module for sampling the bus current. The first comparator module is connected to the control terminal of the first switch module. Specifically, when the bus current is greater than a preset first threshold, the first comparator module outputs a first control signal to control the first switch module to turn on so that the energy storage compensation module can inject compensation current into the bus; when the voltage of the energy storage compensation module is lower than a preset second threshold, the control module outputs a second control signal to control the first switch module to turn on so that the energy storage compensation module can be charged through the bus.

[0024] In this embodiment, an energy storage compensation module and a current detection module are installed on the bus. The bus current is detected through a first comparator module and a detection resistor R1. When a high-power load is switched on, a large transient current surge occurs. When the first comparator module detects that the bus current exceeds a preset first threshold, it immediately generates a first control signal to control the first switch module to conduct, allowing the energy storage compensation module to inject compensation current into the bus to offset the transient current surge caused by the load and prevent a significant drop in bus voltage. Furthermore, the control module monitors the voltage of the energy storage compensation module in real time. When the voltage of the energy storage compensation module is lower than a preset second threshold, the control module controls the first switch module to conduct, charging the energy storage compensation module through the bus and reserving sufficient instantaneous discharge voltage margin to ensure that the energy storage compensation module can normally provide compensation current to the bus in emergency situations. This application pre-injects dynamic compensation current before the bus voltage begins to drop, maximizing the suppression of the bus voltage drop amplitude, ensuring stable power supply for voltage-sensitive vehicle-mounted electronic control equipment, and improving power safety in high-voltage power supply application scenarios.

[0025] It should be noted that the power supply mentioned above refers to the vehicle-mounted DC power supply, which can be 48V, 24V, or other voltages. This embodiment will use a 48V vehicle-mounted DC power supply system as an example for detailed explanation.

[0026] In this embodiment, the control module uses an MCU. The MCU acquires the bus current through a first comparator module, and also monitors the voltage of the energy storage compensation module in real time. The control module can also perform non-time-sensitive tasks such as fault type identification, protection strategy upgrades, diagnostic log recording, and communication with the vehicle network.

[0027] In this embodiment, the energy storage compensation module consists of multiple energy storage capacitor arrays connected in parallel to form an energy storage unit. For example, in the field of vehicle power supply, under normal and stable driving conditions, when the voltage of the energy storage compensation module is lower than a preset second threshold, the control module determines that the energy storage capacitor array has low power. At this time, it controls the first switch module to turn on and precharges the energy storage compensation module through the 48V power supply main bus, so that the energy storage compensation module reaches the precharge stable voltage and reserves sufficient instantaneous discharge voltage margin.

[0028] For example, in this embodiment, the energy storage compensation module uses 6 groups of 1500μF / 80V withstand voltage aluminum electrolytic capacitors connected in parallel to form a capacitor array, with a total capacitance of 9000μF, a pre-charge standby voltage of 40V, and a total effective energy storage of 7.2J.

[0029] In this embodiment, the first switching module uses a power switch array to control the activation and charging of the energy storage compensation module.

[0030] This application uses a first comparator module to acquire bus current and monitor transient high current. In this embodiment, the first comparator module includes a high-speed open-drain voltage comparator paired with a dedicated programmable window voltage protection controller. The two input terminals of the high-speed open-drain voltage comparator are respectively connected to the two ends of the sensing resistor R1. The reference voltage setting terminal of the high-speed open-drain voltage comparator is connected to the programmable window voltage protection controller. The function of the programmable window voltage protection controller is to set the reference voltage corresponding to the first threshold, so as to realize the configurability of the reference voltage. Assuming that the sensing resistor R1 is 10mΩ, if the reference voltage is set to 1V, the current corresponding to the first threshold is 100A. If the reference voltage is set to 0.5V, the current corresponding to the first threshold is 50A.

[0031] It should be noted that since the output of the first comparator module is also connected to the current sampling terminal of the control module, and the control module is also connected to the control terminal of the first switch module, theoretically, the control module can also be used to monitor transient high current and control the input of compensation current. However, this application uses the first comparator module to detect transient high current. When a transient high current is detected, the first comparator module generates a first control signal to control the conduction of the first switch module. The reason for this is that if the compensation is implemented using the control module, the response time is relatively long because it requires calculation through built-in software. In contrast, this application directly realizes the monitoring of transient current and the control of compensation current input through a purely hardware first comparator module. The first control signal output by the first comparator module can bypass the software calculation process of the control module and directly drive the first switch module. The overall electrical signal response control time of the system can be controlled within 1μs, realizing extremely fast electrical state perception and action triggering, which greatly improves the response speed. Therefore, dynamic compensation current can be pre-injected before the bus voltage shows a downward trend, maximizing the suppression of the bus voltage drop amplitude and greatly improving safety.

[0032] It should be noted that during the entire process of the high-power load current, such as the electric power steering motor, gradually increasing from the no-load state to the rated operating current of 60A, the energy storage compensation module simultaneously injects a matching amplitude compensation current into the 48V bus to offset the instantaneous current surge caused by the load connection, strictly controlling the bus voltage drop to within 2V. Once the transient operation of the high-power load has completely ended, the embedded main control unit activates the energy storage capacitor array charging circuit to recharge the energy storage capacitors to the preset 40V standby voltage, and the device returns to its normal real-time monitoring operating state.

[0033] In some embodiments, the device may further include an overvoltage protection module, which includes: Active overvoltage clamping circuit; Active overvoltage clamping circuit connection bus; The second comparator module has a first input terminal connected to the power supply, a second input terminal used to input a preset third threshold, and a control terminal connected to the active overvoltage clamping circuit. Specifically, when the power supply voltage is higher than the third threshold, the second comparator module controls the active overvoltage clamping circuit to start.

[0034] In this embodiment, an overvoltage protection module is formed by an active overvoltage clamping circuit and a second comparator module, which can provide overvoltage protection when the voltage exceeds the limit, thereby further improving safety.

[0035] Specifically, the active overvoltage clamping circuit uses an active power clamping switch. One input of the second comparator module is connected to the power supply and inputs the power supply voltage. The other input is input to the reference voltage corresponding to the third threshold. When a transient overvoltage occurs on the bus, the power supply voltage exceeds the reference voltage corresponding to the second threshold. At this time, the output level of the second comparator module flips, controlling the active overvoltage clamping circuit to conduct and clamping the high voltage at the bus inlet to the set value. Therefore, overvoltage protection of the power supply can be achieved, further improving safety.

[0036] In some implementations, the power source is a battery module VBAT, and the overvoltage protection module may further include: A bidirectional CLLC resonant feedback converter is provided, with one end connected to the bus and the other end connected to the battery module VBAT. The second comparator module is connected to the control terminal of the bidirectional CLLC resonant feedback converter. When the power supply voltage is higher than the third threshold, the second comparator module controls the bidirectional CLLC resonant feedback converter to switch to the working mode. In the working mode, the bidirectional CLLC resonant feedback converter converts the bus voltage and inputs it to the battery module VBAT.

[0037] It should be noted that traditional vehicle power supplies rely solely on dynamic discharge clamping devices, such as TVS diodes, for overvoltage protection. These devices cannot withstand prolonged overvoltages. Under transient wide-pulse high-energy surge conditions, passive discharge clamping devices suffer from drawbacks such as insufficient power margin, rapid reliability degradation over long-term use, and difficulty in heat dissipation during layout.

[0038] To address the aforementioned issues, this embodiment employs an overvoltage protection module comprised of an active overvoltage clamping circuit, a second comparator module, and a bidirectional CLLC resonant feedback converter. When a transient overvoltage occurs on the bus, the second comparator module triggers the active overvoltage clamping circuit to clamp the voltage. Simultaneously, the transient excess energy is converted to the appropriate voltage level via the bidirectional CLLC resonant feedback converter, returning the extra energy to the battery module VBAT, such as a 48V vehicle power battery pack or a 12V vehicle auxiliary battery pack. This completely eliminates the traditional heat dissipation mode of protection devices, achieving overvoltage energy recovery and reuse. By mitigating high-energy transient overvoltages through energy recovery, there is no need for ultra-high-power protection devices and high-voltage power transistors, meeting the stringent overvoltage tolerance standards for vehicles. Furthermore, the transient overvoltage energy, which would otherwise be dissipated as heat, is recovered to the battery module VBAT for secondary utilization. Under high-frequency transient electrical conditions such as frequent vehicle start-stop and dynamic load switching, this efficient recovery of excess energy effectively improves the overall vehicle energy utilization rate.

[0039] In some implementations, the second comparator module is connected to the control module; Specifically, when the power supply voltage is higher than the third threshold, the second comparator module feeds back an overvoltage signal to the control module.

[0040] In this embodiment, the second comparator module is connected to the fault detection terminal of the control module. When the power supply voltage exceeds the third threshold, the second comparator module sends an overvoltage signal back to the control module. The control module can detect and record transient overvoltage events through the overvoltage signal, automatically storing core operating condition data such as the peak voltage of the transient overvoltage event, the duration of the fault, and the total amount of energy actually recovered. The fault event information and operating condition data are then uploaded to the vehicle's central control system in real time via the vehicle communication bus, while simultaneously shutting down the downstream power supply.

[0041] In some embodiments, the device further includes a second switching module connected in series to the busbar at the front end of the energy storage compensation module and the current detection module, and a control module connected to the control terminal of the second switching module.

[0042] In this embodiment, a second switch module is also provided on the bus. When a specific fault is detected in the power supply or the bus, the control module can control the second switch module to shut down, protecting the downstream circuit and preventing permanent damage, thereby further improving safety.

[0043] For example, when an external short-circuit fault or reverse polarity fault is detected, the control module immediately disconnects the second switch module to protect the downstream circuit.

[0044] Specifically, in this embodiment, the second switching module includes a MOSFET Q2 and a transistor Q3. The MOSFET Q2 is connected in series to the bus, and the control module controls the MOSFET Q2 to turn off through the transistor Q3.

[0045] In some implementations, the control module is further provided with a second voltage sampling terminal, which is connected to the bus to sample the bus voltage.

[0046] In this embodiment, the control module samples the bus voltage through the second voltage sampling terminal. Combined with the bus current, it can identify various fault types. For example, when the bus voltage rapidly drops to 0V and the bus current surges to over 200A, it is determined to be an external short-circuit fault. At this time, the control module shuts down the feedback converter, then permanently disconnects the second switch module and reports a fault code. When the bus voltage is negative and the bus current exceeds the reverse limit, it is determined to be a reverse polarity fault. At this time, the control module disconnects the second switch module and reports a fault code, awaiting manual troubleshooting.

[0047] In some implementations, the control module includes a fault identification neural network model, which is used to identify the fault type based on the bus voltage and bus current.

[0048] In this embodiment, a fault identification neural network model is integrated into the control module. Specifically, the fault identification neural network model can be a lightweight one-dimensional convolutional neural network. Relying on this lightweight embedded neural network, automatic classification and identification of various types of electrical fault waveforms in the vehicle power supply are achieved, enabling accurate fault determination.

[0049] Specifically, fault types can include external short-circuit faults, reverse polarity faults, instantaneous load drop overvoltage, and lightning surges. When the peak bus voltage reaches 70V and the current change rate is greater than 5V / ms, an instantaneous load drop overvoltage fault is identified. At this time, the bidirectional CLLC resonant feedback converter takes over, clamping the voltage to 58V. The control module continuously monitors the voltage, and automatically recovers after the event ends. When the peak bus voltage is greater than 70V and the pulse width is less than 1ms, a lightning surge fault is identified. At this time, the control module can activate the first switching module, absorb energy through the capacitor in the energy storage compensation module, and discharge it through the bidirectional CLLC resonant feedback converter.

[0050] The effects of this application are explained in detail below with specific examples: Example 1: Instantaneous voltage compensation test for electric power steering load: The electric power steering system is instantaneously loaded from an idle state to a rated operating current of 60A. Under traditional uncompensated conditions: the 48V power supply bus voltage drops instantaneously from the rated 48V to 39V, a voltage drop of 9V, with a duration of approximately 4ms, which can easily cause malfunctions in the vehicle's intelligent driving electronic control equipment. With the device proposed in this application: after testing, voltage compensation can be triggered extremely quickly, instantly injecting a 30A compensation current. The minimum operating voltage of the power supply bus is maintained at 46V, and the overall voltage drop is controlled within 2V, ensuring stable power supply to sensitive loads such as ADAS domain controllers and high-precision vehicle sensors throughout the process.

[0051] Example 2: High-power load sudden drop transient overvoltage energy feedback test: When the electric power steering load is instantly unloaded, the inertial boost of the vehicle generator causes the 48V bus voltage to surge from the rated 48V to 68V instantaneously; Traditional TVS diode clamping solution: The protection device breaks down and conducts to complete voltage clamping, and the instantaneous 25.6J of electrical energy is dissipated as heat, resulting in continuous heating of the device and affecting its service life; Using the device of this application, the bidirectional CLLC resonant feedback converter recovers excess electrical energy to the vehicle battery at a peak power of 500W, the bus voltage is stably locked at 58V, the actual effective energy recovery is 22J, the overall energy recovery utilization rate can reach 86%, and no excess heat energy is generated.

[0052] In summary, this application employs a pre-emptive current change rate prediction and compensation strategy to ensure that the power supply voltage of core sensitive loads such as ADAS domain controllers and high-precision sensors remains within the rated allowable range throughout the entire process, preventing abnormal equipment resets and functional failures, and significantly improving the stability and safety of the vehicle power supply system. Replacing traditional high-power TVS protection devices and high-voltage dedicated power transistors with an active energy feedback topology significantly reduces the number of peripheral protection components, effectively lowering the hardware procurement, structural layout, and subsequent maintenance costs of the vehicle power system. Transient overvoltage energy, which would otherwise be dissipated as heat, is recovered to the vehicle's 48V power battery or 12V auxiliary battery for secondary utilization. Under high-frequency transient electrical conditions such as frequent vehicle start-stop and dynamic load switching, excess energy is efficiently recovered, effectively improving the overall vehicle energy utilization rate. The integrated system incorporates hardware self-diagnosis, real-time fault status monitoring, and closed-loop fault information reporting functions, fully adapting to the ISO 26262 functional safety standard ASIL-D level fault detection and emergency response mechanism, reducing the difficulty of vehicle functional safety certification development and auditing.

[0053] refer to Figure 2As shown, this application also relates to a control method for an on-board power protection device, applied to the control module of the above embodiment, the method comprising the following steps: S101. Obtain bus voltage data and bus current data; S102. Based on the bus voltage data and bus current data, identify the fault category and obtain the fault category result; S103. Generate corresponding control commands based on the fault category results; In the case where the fault category result is an external short circuit fault, a first control command is generated, which is used to disconnect the second switch module. If the fault category result is a reverse polarity fault, generate the first control command; If the fault category result is lightning surge, a second control command is generated, which is used to turn on the first switch module.

[0054] The identification methods and specific control actions for the relevant fault categories have been described in the foregoing embodiments and will not be described in detail here.

[0055] This application also relates to an on-board power system, including a power supply and an on-board power protection device according to the above embodiments, wherein the power supply is connected to the load through the on-board power protection device.

[0056] This application also relates to a vehicle including the on-board power system of the above embodiments.

[0057] This application also provides a vehicle, which includes a steer-by-wire control system and an intelligent driving system. The steer-by-wire control system is used to execute the steer-by-wire control method of the vehicle described in the above embodiments.

[0058] Specifically, the vehicle can be a private car, such as a sedan, SUV, MPV, or pickup truck. The vehicle can also be a commercial vehicle, such as a van, bus, small truck, or large semi-trailer. The vehicle can be a gasoline-powered vehicle or a new energy vehicle. When the vehicle is a new energy vehicle, it can be a hybrid vehicle or a pure electric vehicle.

[0059] It should be clarified that this application is not limited to the specific configurations and processes described above and shown in the figures. For the sake of brevity, detailed descriptions of known methods are omitted here. In the above embodiments, several specific steps are described and shown as examples. However, the method process of this application is not limited to the specific steps described and shown. Those skilled in the art can make various changes, modifications, and additions, or change the order of steps, after understanding the spirit of this application.

[0060] The functional blocks shown in the above-described structural diagram can be implemented as hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. When implemented in hardware, they can be, for example, electronic circuits, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), appropriate firmware, plug-ins, function cards, etc. When implemented in software, the elements of this application are programs or code segments used to perform the required tasks. Programs or code segments can be stored on a machine-readable medium or transmitted over a transmission medium or communication link via data signals carried on a carrier wave. "Machine-readable medium" can include any medium capable of storing or transmitting information. Examples of machine-readable media include electronic circuits, semiconductor memory devices, ROM, flash memory, erasable ROM (EROM), floppy disks, CD-ROMs, optical disks, hard disks, fiber optic media, radio frequency (RF) links, etc. Code segments can be downloaded via computer networks such as the Internet, intranets, etc.

[0061] It should also be noted that the exemplary embodiments mentioned in this application describe methods or systems based on a series of steps or apparatus. However, this application is not limited to the order of the above steps; that is, the steps can be performed in the order mentioned in the embodiments, or in a different order, or several steps can be performed simultaneously.

[0062] The aspects of this disclosure have been described above with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this disclosure. It should be understood that each block in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine such that these instructions, executable via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, enable the implementation of the functions / actions specified in one or more blocks of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Such a processor can be, but is not limited to, a general-purpose processor, a special-purpose processor, a special application processor, or a field-programmable logic circuit. It is also understood that each block in the block diagrams and / or flowchart illustrations, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and / or flowchart illustrations, can also be implemented by special-purpose hardware performing the specified functions or actions, or can be implemented by a combination of special-purpose hardware and computer instructions.

[0063] The above description is merely a specific implementation of this application. Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, modules, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here. It should be understood that the protection scope of this application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this application, and these modifications or substitutions should all be covered within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A vehicle-mounted power supply protection device, characterized in that, The vehicle power protection device is positioned between the power source and the load, with the power source connected to the load via a busbar. The device includes: Control module; An energy storage compensation module is provided, wherein the energy storage compensation module is connected to the bus via a first switch module, the control module is connected to the control terminal of the first switch module, and the energy storage compensation module is connected to the first voltage sampling terminal of the control module. A current detection module includes a detection resistor and a first comparator module. The detection resistor is connected in series between the power supply and the load. The two ends of the detection resistor are respectively connected to the two input terminals of the first comparator module for feedback of the bus current. The output terminal of the first comparator module is connected to the current sampling terminal of the control module for sampling the bus current. The first comparator module is connected to the control terminal of the first switch module. When the bus current is greater than a preset first threshold, the first comparator module outputs a first control signal to control the first switch module to turn on so that the energy storage compensation module injects compensation current into the bus; when the voltage of the energy storage compensation module is lower than a preset second threshold, the control module outputs a second control signal to control the first switch module to turn on so that the energy storage compensation module is charged through the bus.

2. The vehicle power supply protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Overvoltage protection module, the overvoltage protection module comprising: An active overvoltage clamping circuit; the active overvoltage clamping circuit is connected to the busbar; The second comparator module has a first input terminal connected to the power supply, a second input terminal for inputting a preset third threshold, and the second comparator module is connected to the control terminal of the active overvoltage clamping circuit. When the power supply voltage is higher than the third threshold, the second comparator module controls the active overvoltage clamping circuit to start.

3. The vehicle power supply protection device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The power source is a battery module, and the overvoltage protection module further includes: A bidirectional CLLC resonant feedback converter, one end of which is connected to the bus, and the other end of which is connected to the battery module; the second comparator module is connected to the control terminal of the bidirectional CLLC resonant feedback converter. When the power supply voltage is higher than the third threshold, the second comparator module controls the bidirectional CLLC resonant feedback converter to switch to the working mode. In the working mode, the bidirectional CLLC resonant feedback converter converts the bus voltage and inputs it to the battery module.

4. The vehicle power supply protection device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second comparator module is connected to the control module; Specifically, when the power supply voltage is higher than the third threshold, the second comparator module feeds back an overvoltage signal to the control module.

5. The vehicle power supply protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The second switch module is connected in series to the bus at the front end of the energy storage compensation module and the current detection module, and the control module is connected to the control terminal of the second switch module.

6. The vehicle power supply protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control module is also provided with a second voltage sampling terminal, which is connected to the bus to sample the bus voltage.

7. The vehicle power supply protection device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The control module is equipped with a fault identification neural network model, which is used to identify the fault type based on the bus voltage and bus current.

8. A control method for an on-board power supply protection device, characterized in that, Applied to the control module according to any one of claims 1 to 7, the method includes the following steps: Acquire bus voltage and bus current data; Fault category identification is performed based on the bus voltage data and the bus current data to obtain the fault category result; Generate corresponding control commands based on the fault category results; In the case where the fault category result is an external short-circuit fault, a first control command is generated, which is used to disconnect the second switch module. If the fault category result is a reverse polarity fault, a first control command is generated; If the fault category result is lightning surge, a second control command is generated, which is used to turn on the first switch module.

9. A vehicle-mounted power supply system, characterized in that, It includes a power supply and an on-board power protection device as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the power supply is connected to a load through the on-board power protection device.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that, Includes the vehicle power system as described in claim 9.

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