A non-uniform stator winding, a stator assembly, a permanent magnet motor and an electric drive module

Abstract

The application discloses a non-uniform stator winding, a stator assembly, a permanent magnet motor and an electric drive module, and belongs to the technical field of permanent magnet motors.In the application, the non-uniform stator winding adjusts the number and winding relationship of the few-turn coil and the multi-turn coil to balance the potential and the magnetomotive force of the m-phase winding in a single unit motor or to balance the potential and the magnetomotive force of the m-phase winding in two unit motors, greatly expands the pole-slot matching selection range of the motor, increases the universality of the scheme, improves the torque output capacity and torque density of the motor.The stator assembly used in the application uses the few-turn coil and the multi-turn coil, the multi-turn coil is first inserted into the stator slot, and the few-turn coil is then inserted into the slot to ensure that all the coils are smoothly inserted into the slot, the wasted space in all the slots of the stator core is fully filled, and the slot fill rate is effectively improved; meanwhile, the process complexity, the long production chain, the reduced beat, the increased cost and other mass production problems caused by the split core are skillfully avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of permanent magnet motor design technology, specifically a non-uniform stator winding, stator assembly, permanent magnet motor and electric drive module. Background Technology

[0002] Permanent magnet motors have advantages such as high torque / power density, high efficiency, and high power factor. With the rapid advancement of electrification, permanent magnet motors have been penetrated into various industries, such as robotics, aerospace, medical, testing, home appliances, industrial production, and electric vehicles.

[0003] In the field of robotics, the size of joint modules and permanent magnet motors is limited by the presence of spatially adjacent components or systems (to avoid motion interference), as well as requirements such as load size and hollow wiring. This necessitates that motors and their joint modules meet load-bearing requirements (torque capacity) and lifespan requirements while reducing size and weight. Furthermore, pursuing high torque density, lightweight design, and high efficiency for permanent magnet motors has always been a common goal of electric systems / electric drive systems. This is of great significance and practical value in improving the load-bearing capacity, endurance, and operational lifespan of end products (such as robots, AGVs / AMRs, industrial transport equipment, drones, etc.).

[0004] For conventional integral iron core motors, there are two main types of slots:

[0005] 1) One type is parallel grooves, such as Figure 34 As shown, the width w1 of the slot opening is equal to the width w2 of the slot bottom, i.e., w1 = w2. However, the overall shape of the coil, viewed from the motor end, is trapezoidal or near-trapezoidal (one side is wider than the other). The width of the coil entering the slot first is greater than the width of the coil entering the slot later. This means that if an adjacent coil has already entered the slot, the next coil will encounter an interference zone and cannot enter the slot. Therefore, to successfully enter the slot, the size of the coil usually has to be reduced, resulting in a decrease in slot fill factor and sacrificing the motor's output torque / torque density, efficiency, and service life; or the outer diameter of the stator core and the slot size can be increased, which worsens the motor's lightweight design and torque density, and increases the motor's cost. In addition, the cross-sectional area of ​​the trapezoidal or near-trapezoidal teeth increases from the inside to the outside in the radial direction, resulting in poor uniformity of magnetic flux density distribution in the radial direction of the teeth (lower magnetic flux density at large cross-sectional areas and higher magnetic flux density at small cross-sectional areas), leading to low utilization of the tooth core.

[0006] 2) Another type is parallel teeth, such as... Figure 35As shown, w3 = or ≈ w4, and the slot width w1 is less than the slot bottom width w2, i.e., w1 < w2. The overall shape of the coil, viewed from the motor end, is rectangular or approximately rectangular (the width of one side is equal to the width of the other side). The width of the coil that enters the slot first is equal to the width of the coil that enters the slot later, making it easy to enter the slot. However, there is significant waste of space between two adjacent coils in the slot, resulting in a low slot fill factor, which also reduces the motor's output torque / torque density, efficiency, and service life.

[0007] To improve the stator slot fill factor of permanent magnet motors, thereby enhancing the motor system's torque output / torque density, operating efficiency (reducing winding resistance and copper loss), and extending service life (reducing heat generation), existing permanent magnet motors (including frameless torque motors) employ a modular stator core design, such as CN 122026647 A, CN 108880016 B, and CN 115411850A. This design separates the circumferential monolithic core into several single-tooth cores. This avoids the limitation of the monolithic core design, where the winding equipment occupies a portion of the effective slot space during coil winding, effectively improving the slot fill factor and winding cycle time. However, the modular iron core solution also introduces the following shortcomings: 1) Due to the dimensional manufacturing tolerances of individual iron cores, the accumulation of errors when several modular iron cores are assembled into a circle can lead to significant deviations in key dimensions such as roundness, concentricity, and cylindricity after assembly; 2) To enhance the integrity and rigidity of the assembled iron core, the assembly process and tooling are added. In addition, a welding process is added at the connection between the outer circles of two adjacent assembled iron cores, which inevitably complicates the production process, reduces the production cycle, and increases costs; 3) The welding at the outer circle of the assembled iron core increases iron core losses and reduces motor efficiency.

[0008] Therefore, how to simultaneously improve the torque output capacity / torque density of permanent magnet motors (including frameless torque motors) (or achieve motor size reduction and weight reduction while meeting the same torque capacity), operating efficiency (reducing winding resistance and copper loss), and service life (reducing heat generation) without increasing processes and costs is of great theoretical significance and practical value for promoting the further application and development of new productivity technologies such as embodied intelligence and low-altitude flight. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to address the shortcomings of the prior art by providing a non-uniform stator winding, stator assembly, permanent magnet motor and electric drive module. The non-uniform stator winding, stator assembly, permanent magnet motor and electric drive module can make full use of the slot space and improve the winding coefficient at the same time. Without increasing the process and cost, it can effectively improve the torque output capability / torque density, operating efficiency and service life of the permanent magnet motor.

[0010] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0011] A non-uniform stator winding includes a multi-turn coil, a few-turn coil, and t unit motors, wherein the number of turns of the multi-turn coil is greater than the number of turns of the few-turn coil, and t is a positive integer.

[0012] Adjusting the number and winding relationship of multi-turn and few-turn coils in each phase winding of the unit motor makes the electromotive force and magnetomotive force of each phase winding in the non-uniform stator winding balanced.

[0013] When t is an odd number, the number and winding relationship of the multi-turn and few-turn coils can be adjusted using either of the following two methods:

[0014] Adjustment Method 1: The number of multi-turn coils in each phase winding of each unit motor is one less than the number of few-turn coils; the two coils on the two sides adjacent to other phase windings in each phase winding are few-turn coils, and the few-turn coils on these sides are used as a reference to present an alternating cyclic arrangement of few-turn coils and multi-turn coils towards the circumference center of the phase winding.

[0015] Adjustment Method 2: The number of multi-turn coils and the number of few-turn coils in each phase winding of each unit motor are the same; the multi-turn coils and few-turn coils in each phase winding are arranged alternately in pairs in a cyclical pattern.

[0016] When t is even, the number and winding relationship of the multi-turn and few-turn coils can be adjusted using either of the two methods when t is odd, or any one of the following adjustment methods (method three):

[0017] Adjustment Method 3: Adjust two unit motors as a group. In the odd-numbered unit motor, the number of multi-turn coils in each phase winding is one less than the number of few-turn coils, and in the even-numbered unit motor, the number of multi-turn coils in each phase winding is one more than the number of few-turn coils. The multi-turn coils and few-turn coils in each phase winding of the two unit motors are arranged alternately and cyclically.

[0018] Furthermore, the multi-turn coil is inserted into the slot first, and the multi-turn coil is inserted into the slot later; the width of the multi-turn coil gradually decreases along the direction from the bottom to the top of the slot, while the width of the multi-turn coil is equal or approximately equal along the direction from the bottom to the top of the slot.

[0019] Furthermore, when using adjustment method one or adjustment method three, the pole-slot fit of the non-uniform stator winding satisfies the following formula:

[0020] Ns'=2p'±1

[0021] Ns'=Ns / t

[0022] p'=p / t

[0023] In the formula, Ns is the number of slots in the stator core where the non-uniform stator winding of the complete motor is located, p is the number of rotor pole pairs of the complete motor, and t is the greatest common divisor of the number of stator slots Ns and the number of rotor pole pairs p, which is also the number of unit motors.

[0024] The number of coils in each phase winding of each unit motor in the stator winding is odd.

[0025] Furthermore, when using the second adjustment method, the pole-slot fit of the non-uniform stator winding satisfies the following formula:

[0026] Ns'=2p'±2

[0027] Ns'=Ns / t

[0028] p'=p / t

[0029] In the formula, Ns is the number of slots in the stator core where the non-uniform stator winding of the complete motor is located, p is the number of rotor pole pairs of the complete motor, and t is the greatest common divisor of the number of stator slots Ns and the number of rotor pole pairs p, which is also the number of unit motors.

[0030] The number of coils in each phase winding of each unit motor in the stator winding is an even number.

[0031] Furthermore, when using the second adjustment method, the pole-slot fit of the non-uniform stator winding satisfies the following formula:

[0032] Ns'=2p'±2

[0033] Ns'=Ns / t

[0034] p'=p / t

[0035] In the formula, Ns is the number of slots in the stator core where the non-uniform stator winding of the complete motor is located, p is the number of rotor pole pairs of the complete motor, and t is the greatest common divisor of the number of stator slots Ns and the number of rotor pole pairs p, which is also the number of unit motors.

[0036] The number of coils in each phase winding of each unit motor in the non-uniform stator winding is an even number.

[0037] Furthermore, when using the aforementioned adjustment method one, the coil winding method in the non-uniform stator winding is as follows:

[0038] If t=1, then all the coils in the same phase winding of a unit motor are wound together continuously.

[0039] If t>1, all coils in the same phase winding within each unit motor are continuously wound in series; the same phase windings between multiple unit motors are connected in series or in parallel.

[0040] Furthermore, when using the second adjustment method, the coil winding method in the non-uniform stator winding is as follows:

[0041] If t=1, the multi-turn coil and the few-turn coil in the same pair of alternating pairs of cyclic windings are wound continuously together; the pairs of alternating pairs of cyclic windings are connected in series or in parallel.

[0042] If t>1, all coils in the in-phase winding within each unit motor are continuously wound in series, or two pairs of continuously wound multi-turn coils and few-turn coils are connected in parallel; the in-phase windings between multiple unit motors are connected in series or in parallel.

[0043] Furthermore, when using the third adjustment method, the coil winding method in the non-uniform stator winding is as follows:

[0044] The coils of the same phase windings in each unit motor within the same group of adjustment objects are wound together continuously; the coils of the same phase windings between two unit motors within the same group of adjustment objects are connected in series or directly wound in series continuously.

[0045] The in-phase windings of multiple adjustment objects are connected in series or in parallel.

[0046] Furthermore, both the multi-turn coil and the few-turn coil are single coils with start and end leads; after being placed in the slot, the multi-turn coil and the few-turn coil are electrically connected through their respective start and end leads.

[0047] Furthermore, the conductors of all coils in the non-uniform stator winding are formed using flat wire, round wire, square wire, or irregularly shaped wire; when flat wire is used, the winding method is vertical winding or flat winding.

[0048] A stator assembly includes a stator core and a non-uniform stator winding; the stator core has a plurality of radially arranged stator teeth, all of which are rectangular or quasi-rectangular; the non-uniform stator winding is assembled onto the corresponding stator teeth using adjustment method one, adjustment method two, or adjustment method three.

[0049] A stator assembly includes a stator core and non-uniform stator windings.

[0050] The stator core has multiple radially spaced, rectangular or near-rectangular intermediate conventional teeth.

[0051] Each central conventional tooth has a symmetrically arranged side bevel tooth on both sides; a large groove is formed between the side bevel tooth and the adjacent central conventional tooth; a small groove is formed between the side bevel tooth and the adjacent side bevel tooth; the volume of the large groove is larger than the volume of the small groove.

[0052] The non-uniform stator winding is wound using adjustment method one, with multi-turn coils mounted on the middle conventional teeth and multi-turn coils mounted on the side helical teeth.

[0053] Furthermore, the straight line between the center point of the tip of the side helical tooth and the center point of the root is defined as the center line of the side helical tooth itself; the straight line between the center point of the tip of the side helical tooth and the center point of the stator core circumference is defined as the center line of the tip of the side helical tooth.

[0054] The centerline of the tooth itself is inclined at an angle at relative to the centerline of the tooth tip. The magnitude of the inclination angle at is equal to half of the slot pitch angle asp. The formula for calculating the slot pitch angle asp is as follows:

[0055] asp = (360 / (t × Ns')).

[0056] A permanent magnet motor includes a stator and a rotor coaxially mounted.

[0057] An electric drive module includes a permanent magnet motor and a drive controller connected to the permanent magnet motor.

[0058] A method for assembling a non-uniform stator winding in a stator assembly, characterized in that: based on the form of the insulating components in the stator core slots, any one of the following assembly methods is used to complete the assembly of the non-uniform electronic winding, specifically:

[0059] A. When insulating paper, coating, or plastic coating is used for the insulation components inside the stator core slots, the coils of the non-uniform stator windings are wound and formed on a winding forming equipment or tooling. After forming, the multi-turn coils are installed into the slots first, followed by the fewer-turn coils. The continuously wound in-phase windings in the non-uniform windings are also wound and formed on a winding forming equipment or tooling. After forming, the multi-turn coils are installed into the slots first, followed by the fewer-turn coils.

[0060] B. When the insulating components in the stator core slots use an insulating skeleton, the coils of the non-uniform stator windings are wound and formed on a winding fixture or winding forming equipment with an insulating skeleton on the outside. The formed multi-turn coils and their corresponding insulating skeletons are first assembled into the slots, and the few-turn coils and their corresponding insulating skeletons are assembled into the slots later. The continuously wound in-phase windings in the non-uniform windings are also first wound and formed on a winding fixture or winding forming equipment with an insulating skeleton on the outside. The formed multi-turn coils and their corresponding insulating skeletons are first assembled into the slots, and the few-turn coils and their corresponding insulating skeletons are assembled into the slots later.

[0061] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0062] 1. In this invention, the non-uniform stator winding can achieve the balance of electromotive force and magnetomotive force of the m-phase winding in a single unit motor by adjusting the number and winding relationship of coils with fewer and more turns, or by combining two unit motors to achieve the balance of electromotive force and magnetomotive force of the m-phase winding. This greatly expands the range of pole-slot matching for the motor and increases the versatility of the solution. In addition, it can also increase the fundamental winding coefficient, further improving the torque output capability / torque density of the motor.

[0063] 2. The stator used in this invention includes a stator core and a non-uniform stator winding. The non-uniform stator winding uses coils with fewer turns and coils with more turns. The coils with more turns are inserted into the stator slots first, and the coils with fewer turns are inserted into the slots later to ensure that all coils are inserted into the slots smoothly. This fully fills all the wasted space in all the slots of the stator core (including the wasted space between adjacent phase windings), overcomes the defects of conventional integral stator cores, and effectively improves the slot fill factor. At the same time, it cleverly avoids many mass production problems caused by spliced ​​cores, such as complicated processes, excessively long production chains, reduced cycle time, and increased costs.

[0064] 3. In this invention, a large slot is formed between the middle conventional tooth and the adjacent side helical tooth, and a small slot is formed between the adjacent side helical teeth. The volume of the large slot is larger than that of the small slot. Therefore, the number of turns of the multi-turn coil assembled on the middle conventional tooth of the large slot is more than that of the multi-turn coil assembled on the conventional stator tooth. In addition, the slotting rule of multi-turn coils entering the slot first and less-turn coils entering the slot later ensures that all coils enter the slot smoothly, thereby effectively improving the slot fill factor of the stator and thus improving the torque output capability / torque density of the motor.

[0065] 4. The permanent magnet motor or electric drive module in this invention can effectively improve the torque output capability / torque density of the permanent magnet motor (or achieve motor size reduction and weight reduction while meeting the same torque capability), operating efficiency (reducing winding resistance and copper loss), and service life (reducing heat generation) without increasing the process and cost. It has important significance and practical value for improving the load-bearing capacity, endurance and service life of end products (such as robots, AGV / AMR, industrial transfer equipment, drones, etc.). Attached Figure Description

[0066] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the non-uniform stator winding, stator assembly, and permanent magnet motor in Embodiment 1.

[0067] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of flat wire vertical winding forming when the number of non-uniform stator winding unit motors is t=2 and Ns' / m=3 in Example 1.

[0068] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of flat wire winding forming when the number of non-uniform stator winding unit motors is t=2 and Ns' / m=3 in Example 1.

[0069] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of flat wire vertical winding forming when the number of non-uniform stator winding unit motors is t=2 and Ns' / m=5 in Example 1.

[0070] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the slot insertion sequence of multi-turn and few-turn coils in the non-uniform stator winding in Embodiment 1.

[0071] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the potential after winding a conventional stator winding with an average number of turns in Example 1.

[0072] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the potential after winding a multi-turn coil and a few-turn coil in Example 1.

[0073] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the coil winding relationship within the in-phase winding of a unit motor in Embodiment 1.

[0074] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the coil winding relationship between the in-phase windings of multiple unit motors in Embodiment 1.

[0075] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing the series connection between the in-phase windings of multiple unit motors in Embodiment 1.

[0076] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram showing the parallel connection between the in-phase windings of multiple unit motors in Embodiment 1.

[0077] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of a star connection between the multiphase windings of multiple unit motors in Embodiment 1. Figure 12 (a) indicates that the windings in phase are connected in series; Figure 12 (b) indicates that the windings in the same phase are connected in parallel.

[0078] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the multiphase windings of multiple unit motors connected in a delta configuration in Embodiment 1. Figure 13 (a) indicates that the windings in phase are connected in series; Figure 13 (b) indicates that the windings in the same phase are connected in parallel.

[0079] Figure 14 The stator slot shape of the stator core in Embodiment 1, wherein Figure 14 (a) indicates that the stator slots of the stator core have arc-shaped slot bottoms; Figure 14 (b) indicates that the stator slot is a flat-bottomed slot; Figure 14(c) indicates that the stator core contains micro-toothed shoes.

[0080] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the tilt angle between the middle conventional tooth and the side oblique tooth in Example 2.

[0081] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the non-uniform stator winding, stator assembly, and permanent magnet motor in Embodiment 2, wherein... Figure 16 (a) A schematic diagram of a permanent magnet motor; Figure 16 (b) shows a schematic diagram of the A-phase winding of a non-uniform stator winding wound on the stator assembly.

[0082] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the non-uniform stator winding, stator assembly, and permanent magnet motor in Embodiment 3.

[0083] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the A-phase winding wound on the stator assembly in the non-uniform stator winding in Embodiment 3.

[0084] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of using two unit motors to ensure the parallelism of electromotive force and magnetomotive force in the non-uniform stator winding in Embodiment 3.

[0085] Figure 20 This is a diagram showing the winding relationship of the coils in the non-uniform stator winding in Example 3.

[0086] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram showing the series connection between the in-phase windings of multiple unit motors in Embodiment 3.

[0087] Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram of the parallel connection between the in-phase windings of multiple unit motors in Embodiment 3.

[0088] Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram of a star connection between the multiphase windings of multiple unit motors in Embodiment 3. Figure 23 (a) indicates that the windings in phase are connected in series; Figure 23 (b) indicates that the windings in the same phase are connected in parallel.

[0089] Figure 24 This is a schematic diagram of the multiphase windings of multiple unit motors connected in a delta configuration in Embodiment 3. Figure 24 (a) indicates that the windings in phase are connected in series; Figure 24 (b) indicates that the windings in the same phase are connected in parallel.

[0090] Figure 25 This is a schematic diagram of the non-uniform stator winding, stator assembly, and permanent magnet motor in Embodiment 4.

[0091] Figure 26This is a schematic diagram of winding a multi-turn coil and a few-turn coil together in the same pair of coils in Example 4.

[0092] Figure 27 This is a diagram showing the series connection between different pairs of coils in Example 4.

[0093] Figure 28 This is a schematic diagram showing the series connection between the in-phase windings of multiple unit motors in Embodiment 4.

[0094] Figure 29 This is a schematic diagram of the parallel connection between the in-phase windings of multiple unit motors in Embodiment 4.

[0095] Figure 30 This is a schematic diagram of a star connection between the multiphase windings of multiple unit motors in Embodiment 4. Figure 30 (a) indicates that the windings in phase are connected in series; Figure 30 (b) indicates that the windings in the same phase are connected in parallel.

[0096] Figure 31 This is a schematic diagram of the multiphase windings of multiple unit motors connected in a delta configuration in Embodiment 4. Figure 31 (a) indicates that the windings in phase are connected in series; Figure 31 (b) indicates that the windings in the same phase are connected in parallel.

[0097] Figure 32 This is a schematic diagram of the potential after winding a multi-turn coil and a few-turn coil in Example 4.

[0098] Figure 33 This is a schematic diagram of the potential after winding a conventional stator winding with an average number of turns in Example 4.

[0099] Figure 34 This is a schematic diagram of coil interference when the width of the stator slot opening is equal to the width of the slot bottom in the prior art.

[0100] Figure 35 This is a schematic diagram illustrating how, in the prior art, when the width of the stator slot opening is less than the width of the slot bottom, it is easy to insert the stator into the slot but the slot fill rate is low.

[0101] Among them is: 10. Non-uniform stator winding;

[0102] 11. Multi-turn coil; 111. Interlayer connecting wire; 112. Continuous winding wire;

[0103] 12. Low-turn coil;

[0104] 20. Stator assembly;

[0105] 21. Stator core; 211. Stator teeth; 212. Insulator; 213. Arc-shaped slot bottom; 214. Flat-bottomed slot; 215. Micro-toothed shoe; 216. Intermediate conventional tooth; 217. Side helical tooth;

[0106] 30. Rotor; 40. Permanent magnet. Detailed Implementation

[0107] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific preferred embodiments.

[0108] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "left side," "right side," "upper part," "lower part," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. "First," "second," etc., do not indicate the importance of the components, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention. The specific dimensions used in this embodiment are only for illustrating the technical solution and do not limit the scope of protection of this invention.

[0109] Example 1

[0110] This embodiment provides a non-uniform stator winding 10, a stator assembly 20, a permanent magnet motor, and an electric drive module. The electric drive module in this embodiment includes the permanent magnet motor, a drive controller connected to the permanent magnet motor, a reducer, sensors, and structural accessories. The reducer can be a planetary reducer, a harmonic reducer, or an RV reducer, etc.; the sensors include a position encoder, a temperature sensor, a current sampler, and a torque sensor (torque sensor is optional), etc.; the structural accessories specifically include connectors, fasteners, seals, adhesives, etc. In this embodiment, the stator assembly can be potted to enhance thermal conductivity and insulation, while simultaneously improving the overall integrity of the winding, the stiffness of the stator, and its impact resistance, depending on the actual needs of the application scenario. The potting material is not limited and can be a two-component thermally conductive epoxy resin, a thermally conductive silicone potting compound, a polyurethane (PU) potting compound, an aluminum nitride high thermal conductivity epoxy resin, etc.

[0111] The permanent magnet motor includes a stator assembly 20, a rotor 30, and a permanent magnet 40 coaxially mounted. The stator assembly 20 includes a stator core 21 and a non-uniform stator winding 10. In this embodiment, the permanent magnet can be an integral magnetic ring structure, or it can be a tile-shaped, bread-shaped, rectangular magnet, or a Halbach magnet. The rotor can be a straight-pole structure or a segmented skew-pole structure. The stator magnetic core can be a laminated lamination structure, a spiral wound structure, or a chain wound structure. The axial connection between the laminations can be a riveted connection, a snap-fit ​​connection, or an adhesive-bonded core.

[0112] The stator core 21 has multiple radially arranged, rectangular or near-rectangular stator teeth 211, with stator slots formed between two stator teeth 211. An insulating element 212 is provided between the stator core and the winding. In this embodiment, the insulating element 212 can be a directly applied adhesive / plastic insulating layer or a coated insulating layer on the stator magnetic core, or it can be a pre-formed insulating skeleton assembled onto the core, or it can be insulating paper, or a combination of the above methods. Depending on the form of the insulating element in the stator core slot, any of the following assembly methods can be used to assemble the non-uniform stator winding 10 onto the stator teeth 211.

[0113] A. When the insulating parts in the stator core slots are made of insulating paper, coating or plastic coating, the coils of non-uniform stator windings are wound and formed on winding forming equipment or tooling. After forming, the multi-turn coils are first assembled into the slots and the few-turn coils are assembled into the slots later. The same applies to continuously wound windings. After forming, the multi-turn coils are first assembled into the slots and the few-turn coils are assembled into the slots later.

[0114] B. When the insulating components in the stator core slots are made of insulating skeletons, the coils of non-uniform stator windings are wound and formed on winding fixtures or winding forming equipment with insulating skeletons on the outside. After forming, the multi-turn coils and their corresponding insulating skeletons are first assembled into the slots, and the few-turn coils and their corresponding insulating skeletons are assembled into the slots later. The same applies to continuously wound windings. After forming, the multi-turn coils and their corresponding insulating skeletons are first assembled into the slots, and the few-turn coils and their corresponding insulating skeletons are assembled into the slots later.

[0115] like Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, the tooth tip width of stator tooth 211 is equal to the tooth root width. In this embodiment, the slot opening width of the stator slot is smaller than the slot bottom width, such as... Figure 2 In this case, w2 > w1.

[0116] The pole-slot fit of the non-uniform stator winding 10 satisfies the following formula:

[0117] Ns'=2p'±1

[0118] Ns'=Ns / t

[0119] p'=p / t

[0120] In the formula, Ns is the number of slots in the stator core where the non-uniform stator winding of the complete motor is located, p is the number of rotor pole pairs of the complete motor; t is the greatest common divisor of the number of stator slots Ns and the number of rotor pole pairs p, which is also the number of unit motors;

[0121] like Figure 1As shown, in this embodiment, the number of slots Ns in the stator core where the non-uniform stator winding is located is 20, the number of rotor pole pairs p in the motor where the non-uniform stator winding is located is 10, and the number of unit motors t is 2.

[0122] The non-uniform stator winding 10 includes a multi-turn coil 11, a few-turn coil 12, and t unit motors, where t is a positive integer. Both the multi-turn coil 11 and the few-turn coil 12 are single coils with lead wires at both ends, and the multi-turn coil 11 has more turns than the few-turn coil 12. In this embodiment, all coils in the non-uniform stator winding 10 are formed using flat wire. Specifically, for example... Figure 2 and Figure 5 The diagram shows a flat wire vertically wound forming process, which can also be achieved as shown. Figure 3 and Figure 8 As shown, the winding is formed using flat wire. In this embodiment, all coils in the non-uniform stator winding can also be formed using round wire, square wire, or irregularly shaped wire.

[0123] In the non-uniform stator winding 10, the number of multi-turn coils 11 in each phase winding of the t unit motors is adjusted to be one less than the number of few-turn coils 12. At the same time, the two coils on the two sides adjacent to other phase windings in each phase winding are adjusted to be few-turn coils 12. Based on the few-turn coils 12 on these sides, the few-turn coils 12 and multi-turn coils 11 are arranged alternately and cyclically towards the circumference center of the phase winding to balance the electromotive force and magnetomotive force of each phase winding in the non-uniform stator winding. The winding and slotting method of multi-turn coils 11 and few-turn coils 12 is as follows: multi-turn coils 11 are first inserted into the stator slot and assembled on the stator tooth 211, and few-turn coils 12 are then inserted into the stator slot and assembled on the stator tooth 211. After being inserted into the slot, multi-turn coils 11 and few-turn coils 12 are electrically connected through their respective start and end leads. The width of the multi-turn coil 11 gradually decreases from the bottom to the top of the slot, while the width of the few-turn coil 12 is basically equal from the bottom to the top of the slot. This effectively improves the slot fill factor, thus not only solving the problem of trapezoidal or near-trapezoidal coils not being able to enter the slot smoothly in the parallel slot integral iron core scheme, as well as the low utilization rate of iron cores with trapezoidal or near-trapezoidal teeth, but also making full use of the wasted space in the slot in the parallel tooth integral iron core scheme and effectively improving the slot fill factor. At the same time, it cleverly avoids many mass production problems caused by spliced ​​iron cores, such as complicated processes, excessively long production chains, reduced cycle time, and increased costs.

[0124] In this embodiment, examples with t=2 unit motors and Ns' / m=3 slots per phase of the unit motor, and t=2 unit motors and Ns' / m=5 slots per phase of the unit motor are selected to explain the balance of electromotive force and magnetomotive force in each phase winding of the non-uniform stator winding 10. In this paper, the number of slots per phase of the unit motor is equal to the number of coils per phase of the unit motor.

[0125] like Figure 2and Figure 4 As shown, Figure 2 The number of unit motors in the non-uniform stator winding 10 is t=2, and the number of slots per phase of the unit motor is Ns' / m=3; Figure 4 In the non-uniform stator winding 10, the number of unit motors is t=2, and the number of slots per phase of the unit motor is Ns' / m=5. In the same phase windings of the two unit motors, the number of multi-turn coils 11 is one less than the number of few-turn coils 12, and all coils in the same phase are connected sequentially. At the same time, the two outermost coils on both sides of the circumference (that is, the coils most adjacent to other phase windings) are few-turn coils 12. Based on the few-turn coils 12 on these sides, a "few-turns coil-multi-turns coil" alternating cyclic arrangement is presented towards the center of the circumference of the phase winding (because if the two outermost coils on both sides of the circumference are multi-turn coils, then the side coils of adjacent two phases will face slot interference and cannot enter the slot). Figure 5 As shown, the multi-turn coil 11 is first installed in the slot and assembled on the stator tooth 211, and the few-turn coil 12 is installed in the slot and assembled on the stator tooth 211 afterward, which effectively improves the slot fill factor of the stator. This can achieve the balance of electromotive force and magnetomotive force of the m-phase winding in the unit motor (that is, each unit motor can form an electromotive force symmetrical and balanced m-phase winding), and can also improve the fundamental winding coefficient.

[0126] Specifically, it can be expanded as follows: Figure 2 Taking phase A of a single unit motor as an example, phase A includes coils A1, A2, and A3. The two outermost coils on both sides of the circumference are A1 and A3, both of which are coils with a small number of turns; Figure 4 Taking phase A of a unit motor as an example, phase A includes coils A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5. The two outermost coils on both sides of the circumference are A1 and A5, which are both coils with few turns. Figure 2 and Figure 4 In the A phase of the medium unit motor, the windings on both sides are used as a reference to form a “short-turn coil-multiple-turn coil” alternating cyclic arrangement towards the center of the circumference of the winding.

[0127] The principle of increasing the fundamental winding coefficient is: the fundamental winding coefficient K of the motor w Mainly includes the distribution coefficient k d and short moment coefficient k s That is, K w =k d ×k s Define the number of turns of each coil in a low-turns coil as n2, which is equal to the number of turns of each coil in a conventional equal-turns motor; define the number of turns of each coil in a high-turns coil as n1, where n1 > n2.

[0128] Since n1 > n2, the vector amplitude of the Ns1' coil potentials in each phase winding of the present invention is higher than the vector amplitude of the other Ns2' potentials in the same phase winding of the same unit motor (e.g., ...). Figure 7 According to the distribution coefficient k) d The theory is: the magnitude of the vector sum of the potentials of all coils in the same phase winding divided by the algebraic sum of the potentials of all coils in that phase winding. The star diagram of the potential of a conventional winding with equal turns is shown below. Figure 6 As shown, the star diagram of the coil potential of the non-uniform stator winding of the present invention is as follows. Figure 7 As shown, it can be concluded that the distribution coefficient of the non-uniform stator winding of the present invention is necessarily greater than that of the conventional winding with equal number of turns.

[0129] The coil winding method in a non-uniform stator winding is as follows:

[0130] If t=1, then all the coils in the same phase winding of a unit motor are wound together;

[0131] If t>1, all coils in the same phase winding within each unit motor are continuously wound in series; the same phase windings between multiple unit motors are connected in series or in parallel.

[0132] In this embodiment, as Figure 8 As shown, the three coils in the same phase winding of a unit motor are formed by the cross-layer connecting wire 111, and the coils are connected together by the continuous winding wire 112.

[0133] like Figure 9 As shown, all coils in the in-phase windings within the two unit motors are wound in series continuously. Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, the A-phase windings between the two unit motors are connected in series or in parallel.

[0134] In this embodiment, the multiphase windings of multiple unit motors in the non-uniform stator winding can be connected by either a star connection or a delta connection; for example... Figure 12 (a) and Figure 12 As shown in (b), multiple unit motors use series connections between in-phase windings and star and delta connections between multi-phase windings; Figure 13 (a) and Figure 13 As shown in (b), the windings of multiple unit motors in the same phase are connected in parallel, and the windings of multiple phases are connected in star and delta connections. Alternatively, the number of phases of the motor can also be two-phase, three-phase, four-phase, double three-phase, five-phase, six-phase, seven-phase, etc.

[0135] The size of the wire used in the coil in this embodiment is not limited. Therefore, the number of layers wound radially in the slot and the number of layers wound circumferentially are flexibly designed and adjusted according to the actual application requirements.

[0136] In this embodiment, the stator core 21 can be an arc-shaped slot bottom 213, such as... Figure 14 (a) can also be a flat-bottomed groove 214, such as Figure 14 (b) The core may contain micro-toothed shoe 215, such as Figure 14 (c).

[0137] The winding conductor in this embodiment can be made of any conductive material, such as copper, aluminum, copper-clad aluminum, gold, silver or other alloys; the outer surface of the conductor contains an insulating layer.

[0138] In this embodiment, the multi-turn coil 11 in the non-uniform winding 10, viewed from the motor end, has a wider coil near the bottom of the slot to better fill the area near the bottom of the slot and the slot space between two adjacent coils. Therefore, the inner hollow portion (i.e., the reserved internal space fitted onto the teeth) of the multi-turn coil 11 in this embodiment is rectangular or nearly rectangular, and the outer portion (the portion filling the slot) is trapezoidal or nearly trapezoidal (the so-called near trapezoidal means that, viewed from the motor end, the width of the coil decreases radially from the bottom to the top of the slot). In this embodiment, the width of the few-turn coil 11 in the non-uniform winding 10 is approximately the same in the radial direction.

[0139] Each coil of the present invention can be formed as a single coil (with start and end leads), and then all of them are inserted into the slot according to the above-mentioned slotting principle. After being inserted into the slot, the start and end leads of all coils are connected. This connection method can be that the start and end leads are directly connected by connecting wires according to the winding distribution and phase separation principle (such as welding), or the connecting wires can be integrated into the PCB connecting board at the end of the motor, and the PCB connecting board is provided with pads corresponding to the start and end leads. The winding conduction can be achieved by welding the pads to the corresponding start and end leads.

[0140] In this embodiment, the stator core and non-uniform winding 10 can be a modular structure. Adjacent multi-turn and few-turn coils in the same phase within a single unit motor, along with their corresponding magnetic cores and insulators, form a module. These modules are assembled circumferentially using splicing bosses and grooves. Although this example also involves a rounding process, the modular structure significantly reduces the number of modules, greatly improving production cycle time and reliability.

[0141] Example 2

[0142] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the stator core 21 in this embodiment has multiple radially spaced, rectangular or near-rectangular central conventional teeth 216; each central conventional tooth 216 has a side helical tooth 217 evenly distributed on both sides; in this embodiment, multi-turn coils 11 are mounted on the central conventional teeth 216, and few-turn coils 12 are mounted on the side helical teeth 217. Figure 15 and Figure 16 As shown in (a) to (b), the straight line between the center point of the tooth tip and the center point of the tooth root of the side helical tooth 217 is defined as the self-center line of the side helical tooth; the straight line between the center point of the tooth tip and the center point of the stator core circumference of the side helical tooth 217 is defined as the tooth tip center line of the side helical tooth; the self-center line is inclined at an angle at relative to the tooth tip center line, and the magnitude of the angle at is equal to or approximately equal to half of the slot pitch angle asp. The formula for calculating the slot pitch angle asp is as follows:

[0143] asp = (360 / (t × Ns')).

[0144] Therefore, a large slot is formed between the middle conventional tooth 216 and the side helical tooth 217 of the same phase of the motor unit, and a small slot is formed between the side helical teeth 217 of two adjacent phases. Since the volume of the large slot is greater than that of the small slot, the number of turns of the multi-turn coil assembled on the middle conventional tooth 216 of the large slot can be more than the number of turns of the multi-turn coil 11 assembled on the stator tooth 211 in Embodiment 1, and the overall slot fill factor of the stator is higher.

[0145] Example 3

[0146] In this embodiment, the number t of the unit motors in the non-uniform stator winding 10 is even. Two unit motors are adjusted as a group. In the odd-numbered unit motor of the group, the number of multi-turn coils 11 in each phase winding is one less than the number of few-turn coils 12, and the number of multi-turn coils 11 in each phase winding of the even-numbered unit motor is one more than the number of few-turn coils 12. The multi-turn coils 11 and few-turn coils 12 in each phase winding of the two unit motors are arranged alternately and cyclically to balance the electromotive force and magnetomotive force of each phase winding in the non-uniform stator winding. The slotting method of multi-turn coils 11 and few-turn coils 12 is as follows: multi-turn coils 11 are first installed in the stator slot and assembled on the stator tooth 211, and few-turn coils 12 are installed in the stator slot and assembled on the stator tooth 211 afterward. After being installed in the slot, multi-turn coils 11 and few-turn coils 12 are electrically connected through their respective start and end leads.

[0147] In this embodiment, examples with t=2 number of unit motors and Ns' / m number of slots per phase of the unit motors=3 and t=2 number of unit motors and Ns' / m number of slots per phase of the unit motors=4 are selected to explain the balance of electromotive force and magnetomotive force in each phase winding of the non-uniform stator winding 10.

[0148] like Figure 17 and Figure 18 As shown, Figure 17 The number of unit motors in the non-uniform stator winding 10 is t=2, and the number of slots per phase of the unit motor is Ns' / m=3; Figure 18 The number of unit motors in the non-uniform stator winding 10 is t=2, and the number of slots per phase of the unit motor is Ns' / m=5.

[0149] like Figure 17 As shown, there are two unit motors in the non-uniform stator winding. The A-phase winding of unit motor 1 includes coils A1, A2, and A3, where coils A1 and A3 are few-turn coils 12, and coil A2 is a many-turn coil 11. The number of many-turn coils 11 in each phase winding of the odd-numbered unit motor is one less than the number of few-turn coils 12, as shown. Figure 17 As shown, it is evident that in the A-phase winding of unit motor 1, the multi-turn coil 11 and the few-turn coil 12 are arranged in an alternating cycle; the A-phase winding of unit motor 2 includes coils A4, A5, and A6, where coils A4 and A6 are multi-turn coils 11, and coil A5 is a few-turn coil 12. In even-numbered unit motors, the number of multi-turn coils 11 in each phase winding is one more than the number of few-turn coils 12. Figure 17 As shown, it is clear that the multi-turn coil 11 and the few-turn coil 12 in the A-phase winding of unit motor 2 are arranged in an alternating cycle; the number and winding relationship of the multi-turn coil 11 and the few-turn coil 12 in the B-phase and C-phase windings of unit motor 1 and unit motor 2 are the same as those in the A-phase winding.

[0150] like Figure 18 As shown, there are two unit motors in the non-uniform stator winding. The A-phase winding of unit motor 1 includes coils A1, A2, A3, A4, and A5. Among them, coils A1, A3, and A5 are few-turn coils 12, and coils A2 and A4 are many-turn coils 11. The number of many-turn coils 11 in each phase winding of the odd-numbered unit motor is one less than the number of few-turn coils 12, as shown. Figure 18As shown, it is evident that in the A-phase winding of unit motor 1, the multi-turn coils 11 and the few-turn coils 12 are arranged in an alternating cycle; the A-phase winding of unit motor 2 includes coils A6, A7, A8, A9, and A10, where coils A6, A8, and A10 are multi-turn coils 11, and coils A7 and A9 are few-turn coils 12. In even-numbered unit motors, the number of multi-turn coils 11 in each phase winding is one more than the number of few-turn coils 12. Figure 18 As shown, it is clear that the multi-turn coil 11 and the few-turn coil 12 in the A-phase winding of unit motor 2 are arranged in an alternating cycle; the number and winding relationship of the multi-turn coil 11 and the few-turn coil 12 in the B-phase and C-phase windings of unit motor 1 and unit motor 2 are the same as those in the A-phase winding.

[0151] In this embodiment, the multi-turn coil 11 is first installed in the slot and assembled on the stator tooth 211, and the few-turn coil 12 is installed in the slot and assembled on the stator tooth 211 afterward, which effectively improves the slot fill factor of the stator. This can achieve the balance of electromotive force and magnetomotive force of the m-phase winding with two unit motors as a group in the non-uniform stator winding, forming a complementary electromotive force effect.

[0152] Specifically, in this embodiment, the number of unit motors, t, is even. By connecting the windings of the odd-numbered unit motor and the windings of the even-numbered unit motor in series, potential complementarity can be achieved, ensuring that the electromotive force and magnetomotive force of the m-phase windings are balanced between every two unit motors. Figure 19 It can be seen that in unit motor 1: Phase A winding has one high-turns coil (its potential vector amplitude is higher than that of the low-turns coil), and the same applies to Phase B winding. However, Phase C winding has two high-turns coils (its potential vector amplitude is higher than that of the low-turns coil). Therefore, the sum of the potential vectors of all coils in Phase C winding of unit motor 1 is greater than that of Phase A and Phase B, indicating a three-phase imbalance. Conversely, in unit motor 2: the sum of the potential vectors of all coils in Phase A and Phase B is greater than that of Phase C. Therefore, considering each pair of unit motors as a module, each of the three-phase windings contains three high-turns coils and three low-turns coils, and the total potential vector sum of the three-phase windings is equal, thus achieving three-phase balance.

[0153] The coil winding method in the non-uniform stator winding of this embodiment is as follows:

[0154] The coils of the same phase windings in each unit motor within the same group of adjustment objects are wound together continuously; the coils of the same phase windings between two unit motors within the same group of adjustment objects are connected in series or directly connected in series and wound continuously; the coils of the same phase windings between multiple adjustment objects are connected in series or in parallel.

[0155] In this embodiment, as Figure 20As shown, the coils of the same phase windings in each unit motor within the same group of adjustment objects are wound together continuously; the coils of the same phase windings between two unit motors within the same group of adjustment objects are wound in series continuously.

[0156] like Figure 21 and Figure 22 As shown, the in-phase windings of multiple adjustment objects are connected in series or parallel. For example... Figure 23 (a) and Figure 23 As shown in (b), multiple adjustment objects are connected in series between in-phase windings, and star and delta connections are used between multi-phase windings; as Figure 24 (a) and Figure 24 As shown in (b), the same-phase windings of multiple adjustment objects are connected in parallel, and star and delta connections are used between multi-phase windings;

[0157] Example 4

[0158] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the pole-slot fit of the non-uniform stator winding 10 in this embodiment satisfies the following formula:

[0159] Ns'=2p'±2

[0160] Ns'=Ns / t

[0161] p'=p / t

[0162] In the formula, Ns is the number of slots in the stator core where the non-uniform stator winding of the complete motor is located, p is the number of rotor pole pairs of the complete motor; t is the greatest common divisor of the number of stator slots Ns and the number of rotor pole pairs p, which is also the number of unit motors;

[0163] like Figure 25 As shown, in this embodiment, the number of slots Ns of the stator core where the non-uniform stator winding 10 is located is 24, the number of rotor pole pairs p of the motor where the non-uniform stator winding is located is 14, and the number of unit motors t is 2.

[0164] In this embodiment, the number of multi-turn coils 11 and the number of few-turn coils 12 in each phase winding of the t unit motors in the non-uniform stator winding 10 are adjusted to be the same. At the same time, the multi-turn coils 11 and few-turn coils 12 in each phase winding are arranged in alternating pairs in a cyclical manner to balance the electromotive force and magnetomotive force of each phase winding in the non-uniform stator winding, and at the same time improve the fundamental winding coefficient. The slotting method of the multi-turn coils 11 and few-turn coils 12 is as follows: the multi-turn coils 11 are first inserted into the stator slot and assembled on the stator teeth 211, and the few-turn coils 12 are then inserted into the stator slot and assembled on the stator teeth 211. After being inserted into the slots, the multi-turn coils 11 and few-turn coils 12 are electrically connected through their respective start and end leads.

[0165] In this embodiment, the number of unit motors t=2 and the number of slots per phase of the unit motor Ns' / m=4 are selected to explain the balance of electromotive force and magnetomotive force in each phase winding of the non-uniform stator winding 10.

[0166] like Figure 25 As shown, Figure 25 The number of unit motors in the non-uniform stator winding 10 is t=2, and the number of slots per phase of the unit motor is Ns' / m=4.

[0167] like Figure 25 As shown, in the non-uniform stator winding 10, the coils in the A-phase winding of unit motor 1 are A1, A2, A3, and A4, respectively. Coils A1 and A3 are multi-turn coils 11, and coils A2 and A4 are few-turn coils 12. Coils A1 and A2 form one coil pair, and coils A3 and A4 form another coil pair, resulting in an alternating pair arrangement of multi-turn coils 11 and few-turn coils 12 in the A-phase winding of unit motor 1. The coils in the A-phase winding of unit motor 2 are A5, A6, A4, A5, A6, A4, A5, A6, A4, A5, A6, A4, A5, A6, A4, A5, A6, A4, A5, A6, A4, A5, A6, A4, A5, A6, A4, A5, A6, A4, A5, A6, A4, A5, A6, A4, A5, A6, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9 ... 7 and A8, where coils A5 and A7 are multi-turn coils 11, and coils A6 and A8 are few-turn coils 12. Coils A5 and A6 form a coil pair, and coils A7 and A8 form a coil pair, so that in the A-phase winding of the non-uniform stator winding 10 formed by unit motor 1 and unit motor 2, the multi-turn coils 11 and few-turn coils 12 are arranged in alternating pairs in a cyclic arrangement; the number and winding relationship of multi-turn coils 11 and few-turn coils 12 in the B-phase and C-phase windings of the non-uniform stator winding 10 are the same as those in the A-phase winding.

[0168] In this embodiment, the coil winding method of the non-uniform stator winding 10 is as follows:

[0169] If t=1, the multi-turn coil and the few-turn coil in the same pair of alternating pairs of cyclic windings are wound continuously together; the pairs of alternating pairs of cyclic windings are connected in series or in parallel.

[0170] If t>1, all coils in the in-phase winding within each unit motor are continuously wound in series, or two pairs of continuously wound multi-turn coils and few-turn coils are connected in parallel; the in-phase windings between multiple unit motors are connected in series or in parallel.

[0171] like Figure 26 As shown, in alternating pairs of in-phase windings, the multi-turn coil 11 and the few-turn coil 12 within the same pair are wound continuously together. Figure 27 As shown, in the alternating pairs of in-phase windings, the pairs are connected in series.

[0172] like Figure 28 and Figure 29 As shown, the in-phase windings of multiple unit motors are connected in a hybrid series-parallel configuration. For example... Figure 30 (a) and Figure 30 As shown in (b), the windings of multiple unit motors in the same phase are connected in series, while the windings of multiple phase motors are connected by star and delta connections; Figure 31 (a) and Figure 31 As shown in (b), the windings of the same phase among multiple unit motors are connected in parallel, and the windings of multiple phases are connected by star and delta connections.

[0173] In addition, such as Figure 32 As shown, in this example, the potential vector amplitude of the Ns' / (2m) multi-turn coils in the same-phase winding of each unit motor is higher than that of the Ns' / (2m) few-turn coils in the same-phase winding of the same unit motor. According to the theory of distribution coefficient kd: the amplitude of the vector sum of the potentials of all coils in the same-phase winding divided by the algebraic sum of the potential amplitudes of all coils in that phase winding, it can be concluded that the distribution coefficient of the non-uniform winding in this example must be greater than that of the conventional equal-turn winding (its coil potential star diagram is shown in the figure). Figure 33 The distribution coefficient of ).

[0174] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, various equivalent transformations can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these equivalent transformations all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A non-uniform stator winding, characterized in that: It includes a multi-turn coil, a few-turn coil, and t unit motors, wherein the number of turns of the multi-turn coil is more than the number of turns of the few-turn coil, and t is a positive integer; Adjust the number and winding relationship of multi-turn and few-turn coils in each phase winding of the unit motor to balance the electromotive force and magnetomotive force of each phase winding in the non-uniform stator winding; When t is an odd number, the number and winding relationship of the multi-turn and few-turn coils can be adjusted using either of the following two methods: Adjustment Method 1: The number of multi-turn coils in each phase winding of each unit motor is one less than the number of few-turn coils; the two coils on the two sides adjacent to the other phase windings in each phase winding are few-turn coils, and the few-turn coils on these sides are used as a reference to present an alternating cyclic arrangement of few-turn coils and multi-turn coils towards the circumference center of the phase winding; Adjustment Method 2: The number of multi-turn coils and the number of few-turn coils in each phase winding of each unit motor are the same; the multi-turn coils and few-turn coils in each phase winding are arranged alternately in pairs in a cyclical pattern; When t is even, the number and winding relationship of the multi-turn and few-turn coils can be adjusted using either of the two methods when t is odd, or any one of the following adjustment methods (method three): Adjustment Method 3: Adjust two unit motors as a group. In the odd-numbered unit motor, the number of multi-turn coils in each phase winding is one less than the number of few-turn coils, and in the even-numbered unit motor, the number of multi-turn coils in each phase winding is one more than the number of few-turn coils. The multi-turn coils and few-turn coils in each phase winding of the two unit motors are arranged alternately and cyclically.

2. The non-uniform stator winding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-turn coil is placed in the slot first, and the multi-turn coil is placed in the slot later; the width of the multi-turn coil gradually decreases from the bottom to the top of the slot, while the width of the multi-turn coil is equal or approximately equal from the bottom to the top of the slot.

3. The non-uniform stator winding according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: When using adjustment method one or adjustment method three, the pole-slot fit of the non-uniform stator winding satisfies the following formula: ； In the formula, Ns is the number of slots in the stator core where the non-uniform stator winding of the complete motor is located, and p is the number of rotor pole pairs of the complete motor. t is the greatest common divisor of the number of stator core slots Ns and the number of rotor pole pairs p, and is also the number of unit motors; The number of coils in each phase winding of each unit motor in the non-uniform stator winding is odd.

4. The non-uniform stator winding according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: When the second adjustment method is adopted, the pole-slot fit of the non-uniform stator winding satisfies the following formula: ； In the formula, Ns is the number of slots in the stator core where the non-uniform stator winding of the complete motor is located, p is the number of rotor pole pairs of the complete motor; t is the greatest common divisor of the number of stator core slots Ns and the number of rotor pole pairs p, which is also the number of unit motors; The number of coils in each phase winding of each unit motor in the non-uniform stator winding is an even number.

5. The non-uniform stator winding according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: When using the first adjustment method, the coil winding method in the non-uniform stator winding is as follows: If t=1, then all the coils in the same phase winding of a unit motor are wound together continuously. If t>1, all coils in the same phase winding within each unit motor are continuously wound in series; the same phase windings between multiple unit motors are connected in series or in parallel.

6. The non-uniform stator winding according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: When using the second adjustment method, the coil winding method in the non-uniform stator winding is as follows: If t=1, the multi-turn coil and the few-turn coil in the same pair of alternating pairs of cyclic windings are wound together continuously; the pairs of alternating pairs of cyclic windings are connected in series or in parallel. If t>1, all coils in the in-phase winding within each unit motor are continuously wound in series, or two pairs of continuously wound multi-turn coils and few-turn coils are connected in parallel; the in-phase windings between multiple unit motors are connected in series or in parallel.

7. The non-uniform stator winding according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: When using adjustment method three, the coil winding method in the non-uniform stator winding is as follows: The coils of the same phase windings in each unit motor within the same group of adjustment objects are wound together continuously; the coils of the same phase windings between two unit motors within the same group of adjustment objects are connected in series or directly wound in series continuously. The in-phase windings of multiple adjustment objects are connected in series or in parallel.

8. The non-uniform stator winding according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Both multi-turn and few-turn coils are single coils with start and end leads; after being placed in the slot, the multi-turn and few-turn coils are electrically connected through their respective start and end leads.

9. The stator winding according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: All coil conductors in the non-uniform stator winding are formed using flat wire, round wire, square wire, or irregularly shaped wire; when flat wire is used, the winding method is vertical winding or flat winding.

10. A stator assembly, characterized in that: Includes a stator core and a non-uniform stator winding as described in any one of claims 1 to 9; The stator core has multiple stator teeth arranged radially and all of them are rectangular or rectangular; Non-uniform stator windings are assembled onto the corresponding stator teeth using adjustment method one, adjustment method two, or adjustment method three.

11. A stator assembly, characterized in that: Includes a stator core and a non-uniform stator winding as described in any one of claims 1 to 9; The stator core has multiple radially spaced, rectangular or near-rectangular, central conventional teeth; Each central conventional tooth has a symmetrically arranged side bevel tooth on both sides; a large groove is formed between the side bevel tooth and the adjacent central conventional tooth; a small groove is formed between the side bevel tooth and the adjacent side bevel tooth; the volume of the large groove is larger than the volume of the small groove. The non-uniform stator winding is wound using adjustment method one, with multi-turn coils mounted on the middle conventional teeth and multi-turn coils mounted on the side helical teeth.

12. The stator assembly according to claim 11, characterized in that: The straight line between the center point of the tip of the side helical tooth and the center point of the root is defined as the center line of the side helical tooth itself; the straight line between the center point of the tip of the side helical tooth and the center point of the stator core circumference is defined as the center line of the tip of the side helical tooth. The centerline of the tooth itself is inclined at an angle at relative to the centerline of the tooth tip, and the magnitude of the angle at is equal to half of the slot pitch angle asp; wherein, the formula for calculating the slot pitch angle asp is as follows: asp = (360 / (t × Ns')).

13. A permanent magnet motor, characterized in that: It includes a stator and a rotor coaxially mounted; the stator is the stator assembly according to any one of claims 10-12.

14. An electric drive module, characterized in that: It includes the permanent magnet motor as described in claim 13 and the drive controller connected to the permanent magnet motor.

15. A method for assembling a non-uniform stator winding in a stator assembly according to any one of claims 10-12, characterized in that: Based on the form of the insulating components in the stator core slots, the non-uniform stator windings can be assembled using any of the following assembly methods: A. When insulating paper, coating or plastic coating are used for the insulating parts in the stator core slot, the coils of the non-uniform stator winding are wound on a winding forming equipment or tooling. After forming, the multi-turn coils are first assembled into the slots and the few-turn coils are assembled into the slots later. In non-uniform windings, the continuously wound in-phase windings are also wound and formed on winding forming equipment or tooling. After forming, the multi-turn coils are first assembled into the slots, and the few-turn coils are assembled into the slots later. B. When the insulating components in the stator core slots use an insulating skeleton, the coils of the non-uniform stator windings are wound and formed on a winding fixture or winding forming equipment with an insulating skeleton on the outside. The formed multi-turn coils and their corresponding insulating skeletons are first assembled into the slots, and the few-turn coils and their corresponding insulating skeletons are assembled into the slots later. The continuously wound in-phase windings in the non-uniform windings are also first wound and formed on a winding fixture or winding forming equipment with an insulating skeleton on the outside. The formed multi-turn coils and their corresponding insulating skeletons are first assembled into the slots, and the few-turn coils and their corresponding insulating skeletons are assembled into the slots later.

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