Photovoltaic roof rainwater collection linkage self-cleaning device

Abstract

The application discloses a photovoltaic roof rainwater collection linkage self-cleaning device and belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic device cleaning. The device is composed of a photovoltaic roof assembly, a rainwater collection assembly, a linkage spraying cleaning assembly, an intelligent sensing assembly, a control assembly and a water storage pressure stabilizing assembly. The rainwater collection assembly is arranged along the edge of the photovoltaic roof, the linkage spraying cleaning assembly is erected above the roof and is communicated with the water collecting structure, the intelligent sensing assembly collects dust accumulation, rainfall and illumination data in real time, and the control assembly uniformly links the operation of each component. The application fully utilizes natural rainwater, realizes integrated linkage of water collecting and storing and photovoltaic automatic cleaning, does not need manual on-duty in the whole process, can intelligently adjust the cleaning intensity according to the weight of dust accumulation, efficiently removes dust and stains on the panel surface, improves the photovoltaic power generation efficiency, simultaneously completes rainwater recycling, is energy-saving and environment-friendly, has high automation degree and is suitable for various building supporting photovoltaic roof scenes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic roof operation and maintenance cleaning and rainwater resource recycling technology, specifically a photovoltaic roof rainwater collection and self-cleaning device. Background Technology

[0002] Photovoltaic power generation, as a clean energy source, is widely used in photovoltaic rooftops, commercial buildings, public venues, and residential rooftops, with its deployment scale expanding year by year. However, photovoltaic panels left exposed to the elements for extended periods easily accumulate dust, willow catkins, bird droppings, silt, and other pollutants on their surfaces. Covering the translucent glass surface directly reduces photoelectric conversion efficiency. Industry measurement data shows that for every 0.1mm increase in dust thickness on the panel, power generation efficiency decreases by 8% to 15%. Prolonged uncleaning results in significant power generation loss, drastically reducing the profitability of photovoltaic projects.

[0003] Currently, photovoltaic (PV) roof cleaning mainly falls into two categories: manual cleaning and simple automated equipment cleaning, both of which have significant shortcomings. Manual cleaning requires workers to climb to heights, posing a high risk of falls, incurring high labor costs, and limiting the coverage area per cleaning session, making it impossible to achieve routine cleaning. Existing automated spraying or mechanical sweeping equipment has prominent defects: First, the cleaning water source relies on municipal tap water, resulting in high water consumption for long-term continuous flushing, increasing operation and maintenance costs, and failing to meet energy conservation and low-carbon requirements; Second, the rainwater collection system is independent of the cleaning equipment, allowing natural rainwater to be directly lost from the roof, preventing rainwater resources from being used for PV cleaning on-site, resulting in extremely low resource utilization; Third, the cleaning procedure is fixed and monotonous, unable to dynamically adjust water pressure, spraying time, and coverage height according to the amount of dust accumulation and weather conditions, leading to excessive water spraying when dust accumulation is light, wasting water resources, and insufficient rinsing power and stain residue when dust accumulation is heavy; Fourth, the fixed height of the spraying brackets makes it difficult to adapt to PV roofs of different tilt angles and sizes, creating numerous cleaning blind spots at the edges of the panels and under the brackets.

[0004] Meanwhile, conventional rainwater harvesting devices on the market have limited functions, only used for watering factory areas and irrigating greenery, and do not specifically integrate with photovoltaic cleaning equipment. The separate deployment of two systems increases equipment investment and floor space. Existing technologies lack integrated devices that combine rainwater harvesting, filtration and storage, intelligent sensing, and adaptive spray cleaning, failing to simultaneously meet the multiple needs of efficient photovoltaic cleaning, rainwater recycling, and unmanned intelligent operation and maintenance. Therefore, developing an integrated photovoltaic roof rainwater harvesting and self-cleaning device has significant market and technological value. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To solve the above technical problems.

[0006] This invention aims to provide a photovoltaic roof rainwater collection and self-cleaning device that uses natural rainwater from the roof as a cleaning water source to achieve fully automatic intelligent differentiated spray cleaning, reduce photovoltaic operation and maintenance costs, and simultaneously improve rainwater utilization and photovoltaic power generation efficiency.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this invention provides a photovoltaic roof rainwater collection and self-cleaning device, comprising a photovoltaic roof module, a rainwater collection module, a linked spray cleaning module, an intelligent sensing module, a control module, and a water storage and pressure stabilizing module. The rainwater collection module is fixed to the bottom edge of the photovoltaic roof to collect rainwater flowing from the panel surface; the water storage and pressure stabilizing module is connected to the outlet of the water collection unit via a water supply pipe to store rainwater and stabilize the water supply pressure; the linked spray cleaning module is installed above the photovoltaic roof, drawing water from the water storage and pressure stabilizing module to spray and clean the panel surface; the intelligent sensing module is arranged on the photovoltaic panel surface and the surrounding environment to continuously collect signals of dust concentration, rainfall, light intensity, and ambient temperature; the control module is connected to the electrical control components of all functional modules, and after receiving sensor data, it links and controls the start / stop of each device and adjusts parameters.

[0008] Preferably, the photovoltaic roof assembly consists of a photovoltaic mounting frame, multiple sets of photovoltaic panels, and inclined support bases; the inclined support bases are fixedly and inclinedly arranged on the roof of the building, the photovoltaic frame is installed above the support bases, the photovoltaic panels are embedded in the frame, and water-guiding gaps are reserved between the panels to accelerate rainwater runoff.

[0009] Preferably, the rainwater harvesting component includes a water collection channel, a double-layer filter screen, a branch pipe, and a main collection pipe; the channel is arranged along the bottom edge of the photovoltaic frame, with the channel opening facing the end of the photovoltaic panel's water guide; the double-layer filter screen is detachably installed at the front end of the channel to intercept solid impurities; a branch pipe is laid at the bottom of the channel, and the collected water is connected to the main collection pipe and transported to the water storage tank.

[0010] Preferably, the linkage spray cleaning assembly includes a lifting support mechanism, a main spray pipe, omnidirectional rotating spray heads, a high-pressure water pump, and a flow regulating valve. Lifting support mechanisms are installed at the four corners of the ceiling, with the main spray pipe mounted on top of these mechanisms, allowing for synchronous lifting and lowering. Multiple sets of 360° rotating spray heads are arranged below the main pipe. The high-pressure water pump provides power, and the flow regulating valve adjusts the water pressure; both are controlled by a control component. The lifting support mechanism consists of a fixed base, an electric telescopic rod, and a mounting plate, adapting to different working conditions through height adjustment. The rotating spray heads support dual-mode water output, automatically switching via the flow regulating valve.

[0011] Preferably, the intelligent sensing component includes a dust concentration sensor, a rainfall sensor, a light sensor, and a temperature sensor; the dust sensor is installed on the photovoltaic panel to detect the degree of dust coverage; the other sensors are arranged in an unobstructed outdoor area to monitor their respective parameters; during periods of high temperature and strong sunlight, the control system automatically locks the cleaning program to prevent damage to the photovoltaic glass.

[0012] Preferably, the water storage and pressure stabilizing assembly includes a water storage tank, a pressure stabilizing valve, a liquid level sensor, a bottom drain valve, and a top backup water inlet; the water storage tank stores filtered rainwater, the pressure stabilizing valve stabilizes the water outlet pressure to ensure uniform spraying; the liquid level sensor monitors the water volume, stops cleaning and sends an early warning when water is insufficient; the bottom drain valve of the tank can periodically remove sludge; when the water storage is insufficient, municipal tap water can be connected through the backup water inlet.

[0013] Preferably, the control component serves as the central control unit for the entire equipment, consisting of a waterproof controller housing, a PLC main control module, a signal receiving module, a drive control module, and a wireless communication module. The signal receiving module collects data from each sensor and transmits it to the PLC main control unit. The PLC outputs control commands based on the parameters. The drive module receives the commands and drives each electrical control component. The wireless communication module supports 4G / 5G remote transmission, enabling unattended remote operation and maintenance.

[0014] 1. Rainwater is collected and recycled on-site. After being collected and purified, rainwater is used to clean the photovoltaic panels. This does not rely on municipal tap water, reduces cleaning and maintenance costs, saves energy and protects the environment, improves the efficiency of rainwater resource utilization, and meets green and low-carbon requirements.

[0015] 2. Multi-sensor linkage intelligent judgment: After collecting data on dust accumulation, light, temperature, and rainfall, the PLC classifies the cleaning level, performs differentiated cleaning, adjusts parameters as needed, avoids water waste, protects photovoltaic modules, and ensures stable cleaning results.

[0016] 3. Integrated and interconnected design, integrating multiple functions, with each module operating in conjunction. It automatically collects water in rainy weather and cleans itself in sunny weather, achieving full automation of the process. This eliminates the need for manual labor at heights, removes safety hazards, reduces manpower input, allows for remote operation and maintenance, and has a high level of intelligence.

[0017] 4. The lifting sprinkler system is equipped with a universal rotating nozzle, and the main sprinkler pipe can be adapted to photovoltaic ceilings of different sizes and tilt angles; the rotating nozzle fully covers the panel surface, eliminating cleaning dead corners; the pressure stabilizing valve stabilizes the water pressure, and the front-end filter blocks debris, preventing pipe blockage, extending equipment life, and is suitable for various photovoltaic ceilings, ensuring stable operation.

[0018] 5. Equipped with water replenishment and sewage discharge structures, modular disassembly and maintenance: The water tank equipment uses a water replenishment port to cope with drought, and a sewage discharge valve is set at the bottom for sludge removal; installation and maintenance are convenient, and it can be matched with photovoltaic roofs for various scenarios, which also have the value of power generation, rainwater harvesting and intelligent cleaning, with outstanding economic and social benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the photovoltaic roof module of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a photovoltaic roof rainwater collection and self-cleaning device according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a left view of a photovoltaic roof rainwater collection and self-cleaning device according to the present invention. Figure 4 This is a front view of a photovoltaic roof rainwater collection and self-cleaning device according to the present invention; Figure 5 This is a right view of a photovoltaic roof rainwater collection and self-cleaning device according to the present invention. Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the linkage spray cleaning component of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 7 This is a system block diagram of the control component of the present invention.

[0021] 11. Photovoltaic roof module; 12. Photovoltaic installation frame; 13. Photovoltaic panel; 14. Inclined support base. 2. Rainwater harvesting assembly; 21. Water collection channel; 22. Double-layer filter screen; 23. Branch pipe; 24. Main water collection pipe; 3. Linked spray cleaning assembly; 31. Lifting support mechanism; 32. Spray main pipe; 33. Rotary spray head; 34. High-pressure water pump; 35. Flow regulating valve; 36. Electric telescopic rod; 37. Fixed base; 38. Mounting top plate; 39. Delivery pipeline. 4. Intelligent sensing components; 41. Dust concentration sensor; 42. Rain sensor; 43. Light sensor; 44. Temperature sensor. 5. Control components; 51. Controller housing; 52. PLC main control module; 53. Signal receiving module; 54. Drive control module; 55. Wireless communication module. 6. Water storage and pressure stabilizing components; 61. Water storage tank; 62. Pressure stabilizing valve; 63. Liquid level sensor; 64. Drain valve; 65. Backup water supply port. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The following description is intended to disclose the invention and enable those skilled in the art to implement it. The preferred embodiments described below are merely examples, and other obvious variations will occur to those skilled in the art.

[0023] like Figure 1-7As shown in the figure, this invention discloses a photovoltaic roof rainwater collection and self-cleaning device, which mainly consists of six modules: a photovoltaic roof component 1, a rainwater collection component 2, a linked spray cleaning component 3, an intelligent sensing component 4, a control component 5, and a water storage and pressure stabilizing component 6. The rainwater collection component 2 is installed on the bottom edge of the photovoltaic roof to completely collect rainwater from the panel surface; the water storage and pressure stabilizing component 6 is connected to the water outlet of the water collection unit through a water supply pipe to complete the sealed storage of rainwater and stabilize the water supply pressure; the linked spray cleaning component 3 is erected above the roof to fully cover the photovoltaic area, and uses rainwater from the water storage tank to spray and clean the panel surface; the intelligent sensing component 4 is respectively arranged on the photovoltaic panel surface and the outdoor open area to continuously collect data on dust accumulation, rainfall, sunlight, and temperature; the control component 5 serves as the control core of the entire equipment, electrically connected to all electrical control components, and automatically coordinates the entire process of water collection, water storage, and spraying after receiving sensor signals, without the need for manual intervention.

[0024] The photovoltaic roof module 1 is the main power generation component, comprising a photovoltaic mounting frame 11, multiple photovoltaic panels 12, and an inclined support base 13. The inclined support base 13 is anchored to the building roof using a galvanized steel structure, with an overall tilt angle of 15°~30°, which satisfies the optimal light-receiving angle of the photovoltaic panels and facilitates the downward flow of rainwater by gravity. The photovoltaic mounting frame 11 is made of corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy, which is lightweight and resistant to outdoor corrosion, and is fixed to the upper end of the inclined support base 13 with bolts. Multiple photovoltaic panels 12 are evenly embedded inside the frame, with a high-transmittance tempered glass surface that is smooth and easy to clean. A 2mm water-guiding gap is reserved between adjacent panels to prevent local water accumulation on the panel surface and ensure that all rainwater slides down to the bottom water collection channel.

[0025] The rainwater harvesting assembly 2 is responsible for rainwater collection, primary filtration, and centralized transportation. It includes a water collection channel 21, a double-layer filter screen 22, branch pipes 23, and a main collection pipe 24. The water collection channel 21 adopts an integrated PVC anti-corrosion channel body, which is arranged along the entire length of the bottom edge of the photovoltaic frame. The opening of the channel body faces upward and is completely aligned with the lower edge of the photovoltaic panel, eliminating any blind spots in rainwater collection. The double-layer filter screen 22 can be detachably snapped onto the front end of the channel inlet to intercept debris such as leaves, dead branches, large particles of silt, and willow catkins, preventing impurities from entering the pipes and water storage tank and causing blockages and pollution. Multiple branch pipes 23 are connected at equal intervals at the bottom of the channel. The ends of all branch pipes are connected to the main collection pipe 24. The main collection pipe is made of high-pressure anti-corrosion material and is sealed to the inlet of the water storage tank to transport and store the filtered rainwater.

[0026] The linkage spray cleaning component 3 is the cleaning execution unit, which can adaptively adjust the spray height, water output mode, and spray flow rate. It includes a lifting support mechanism 31, a spray main pipe 32, a rotating spray head 33, a high-pressure water pump 34, and a flow regulating valve 35. A set of lifting support mechanisms 31 is arranged at each of the four corners of the ceiling to form a stable support frame. The spray main pipe 32 adopts a ring pipe structure and is fixed to the top of the four support mechanisms. It rises and falls synchronously with the telescopic rod to adjust the distance between the spray head and the photovoltaic panel, adapting to photovoltaic panels of different thicknesses and tilt angles. Multiple sets of universal rotating spray heads 33 are evenly arranged at the bottom of the main pipe to cover the entire photovoltaic area without cleaning dead corners. The high-pressure water pump 34 and the flow regulating valve 35 are connected in series in the water supply pipe 39 between the water storage tank and the spray main pipe. The water pump provides the power for the spray water flow, and the regulating valve precisely controls the water pressure and flow rate in the pipeline. Both are connected to the control component 5 and are linked and controlled by the PLC program to switch the cleaning mode.

[0027] The lifting support mechanism 31 consists of a fixed base 37, an electric telescopic rod 36, and a mounting plate 38. The fixed base 37 is anchored to the roof using expansion bolts, ensuring a robust and earthquake-resistant structure. The electric telescopic rod 36 is vertically fixed above the base, and its extension stroke can be customized according to the size of the photovoltaic roof. The extension end supports the roof plate upwards. The mounting plate 38 is formed by welding steel plates, and the main spray pipe is fixed to the inside of the roof plate using pipe clamps. The electric telescopic rod receives signals from the control components for precise lifting and lowering. Its low height is used for daily light misting cleaning, while its height allows for large-area high-pressure, powerful rinsing.

[0028] The rotating spray head 33 is a 0~360° omnidirectional rotating atomizing spray head. It achieves dual-mode switching by adjusting the water pressure through the flow regulating valve 35: under low pressure, the water is finely atomized, gently wetting the panel surface and removing light dust without scratching the photovoltaic surface coating; under high pressure, it sprays a columnar high-pressure water stream with strong impact force, which can thoroughly wash away stubborn stains such as bird droppings and solidified mud and sand; multiple sets of spray heads rotate and spray synchronously, and with the height adjustment, they can completely cover all areas of the photovoltaic roof, eliminating blind spots in cleaning the brackets and panel seams.

[0029] The intelligent sensing component 4 provides data support for intelligent control and includes a dust concentration sensor 41, a rainfall sensor 42, a light sensor 43, and a temperature sensor 44. The dust concentration sensor 41 is embedded in the surface of the photovoltaic panel, monitoring the thickness and concentration of dust accumulation on the panel in real time, accurately classifying light and heavy dust accumulation levels. The rainfall sensor 42 is positioned on the unobstructed exterior of the roof, continuously monitoring the start and end of rainfall, rainfall amount, and duration, providing data for rainwater collection and post-rain cleaning procedures. The light sensor 43 collects ambient light intensity in real time, and the temperature sensor 44 monitors the outdoor temperature. When strong light or high temperature exceeds a preset safety threshold, the control system automatically locks the cleaning program to prevent damage to the photovoltaic glass due to excessive temperature differences. All sensors adopt a waterproof and dustproof outdoor protective structure, adaptable to harsh environments such as rain, snow, and direct sunlight, providing stable and accurate detection data. The sensor output signal lines are uniformly connected to the signal input terminal of the control component, and the data is transmitted to the PLC main control unit in real time.

[0030] The water storage and pressure stabilizing component 6 realizes the functions of rainwater sealed storage, water pressure stabilization, water replenishment and sewage discharge, and includes a water storage tank 61, a pressure stabilizing valve 62, a liquid level sensor 63, a sewage discharge valve 64, and a backup water inlet 65. The water storage tank 61 is made of corrosion-resistant stainless steel and is buried in the ground on the side of the building. It has a small footprint, is waterproof and seepage-proof, and corrosion-resistant, and can store filtered clean rainwater for a long time. The water inlet of the water storage tank is sealed and connected to the main water collection pipe, and automatically fills in and stores water during rainfall. The pressure stabilizing valve 62 is installed at the water outlet of the water storage tank to stabilize the water supply pressure in real time, avoid uneven water flow and damage to the spray nozzles caused by water pressure fluctuations, and ensure stable water pressure throughout the cleaning process. The liquid level sensor 63 is installed on the top of the tank to continuously detect the water level in the tank. When the water level is sufficient, the cleaning program can be started. When the water level is insufficient, the spray function is automatically locked, and a water shortage warning is pushed to the background through a wireless module. The drain valve 64 is located at the lowest point of the tank. After long-term operation, the sludge accumulated at the bottom of the tank can be opened periodically for drainage and cleaning to ensure the cleanliness of the water in the tank. The spare water supply port is located on one side of the top of the tank and is equipped with a sealed waterproof plug. When there is no rainfall for a long time and the water storage is exhausted, it can be connected to the municipal tap water for manual water replenishment to ensure that the equipment can operate normally all year round.

[0031] The control component 5 is the control center of the entire equipment, including an outdoor waterproof controller box 51, a PLC main control module 52, a signal receiving module 53, a drive control module 54, and a wireless communication module 55. The controller enclosure 51 is designed for outdoor environments and integrates all electrical control modules, making it dustproof and waterproof. The signal receiving module 53 connects to the signal lines of each sensor, collecting and processing sensor data in real time and transmitting it to the PLC main control module 52. The PLC main control module 52 has a built-in preset threshold judgment program that, combined with multiple parameters such as ash concentration, tank liquid level, light intensity, ambient temperature, and rainfall, automatically determines whether to start cleaning, selects the cleaning mode, sets the spray height and cleaning duration, and outputs corresponding control commands. The drive control module 54 receives PLC commands and precisely drives the electric telescopic rod to rise and fall, the high-pressure water pump to start and stop, the flow regulating valve to adjust pressure, and the pressure stabilizing valve to adjust. The wireless communication module 55 supports 4G / 5G remote data transmission, uploading the equipment operating status, ash data, water storage capacity, and fault alarm information to the maintenance backend terminal in real time. It also receives remote control commands, allowing maintenance personnel to remotely start and stop cleaning, modify operating thresholds, and view historical equipment operation records, achieving unmanned remote intelligent operation and maintenance.

[0032] Working principle and usage The overall operation of this device consists of four fully automated closed-loop processes: automatic rainwater collection and storage, intelligent sensor-based cleaning determination, adaptive sprinkler cleaning operation, water shortage replenishment, and remote operation and maintenance. No manual on-site operation is required. The working logic is as follows: Automatic rainwater collection and storage: The equipment is normally in standby mode. Rainfall is monitored by a rain sensor. When it rains, rainwater from the tilted photovoltaic panel flows through the water guide gaps to the water collection channel. After filtration, the clean rainwater is stored in the underground water storage tank. When the tank is full, it triggers an overflow and stops collecting. When there is no rainfall, it enters standby mode for dust accumulation monitoring. It is necessary to clean the collection box regularly and drain the sludge from the water storage tank.

[0033] Intelligent sensor cleaning judgment: When the equipment is in standby mode, the sensor components collect data around the clock. The dust concentration sensor monitors the dust thickness, and the light and temperature sensors collect environmental parameters to avoid high temperature and strong light operation. The data is transmitted to the PLC main control module for graded judgment: if the dust concentration is below the mild threshold, standby mode is maintained; if it is between the mild and severe thresholds, atomized spraying is activated; if it exceeds the severe threshold, high-pressure cleaning is switched; if the light or temperature exceeds the safe value, the cleaning function is temporarily locked.

[0034] Adaptive linkage spray cleaning: Cleaning starts when cleaning conditions are met and water is sufficient: First, the electric telescopic rod is driven to adjust the height of the main spray pipe to cover the entire panel; then the high-pressure water pump is started, and the cleaning mode adjustment parameters are matched: light dust accumulation is treated with low-pressure atomized spray for short-term dust removal; heavy dust accumulation is treated with high-pressure water jet flushing to extend the cleaning time; the pressure stabilizing valve stabilizes the water pressure throughout the cleaning process, and the equipment is reset and put into standby mode after completion.

[0035] Water shortage replenishment and remote operation and maintenance: When the water storage is insufficient, the cleaning function will be locked and a water shortage reminder will be sent; during long-term drought, municipal water can be replenished through the backup water supply inlet, and operation will be restored after water replenishment; data can be viewed and equipment can be controlled remotely in daily life, and stable operation can be ensured by simply cleaning impurities and discharging silt regularly.

[0036] This invention links rainwater harvesting with photovoltaic self-cleaning, solving problems such as high water consumption, high operation and maintenance costs, and rainwater waste in traditional cleaning methods. Relying on multiple sensors and PLC intelligent control, it realizes rainwater recycling and graded adaptive cleaning, improving power generation revenue and reducing operation and maintenance investment, and has promotional value.

[0037] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed invention. The scope of protection claimed by the appended claims and their equivalents is defined.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic roof rainwater collection and self-cleaning device, characterized in that, The system includes a photovoltaic canopy assembly (1), a rainwater collection assembly (2), a linkage spray cleaning assembly (3), a smart sensor assembly (4), a control assembly (5), and a water storage and pressure stabilizing assembly (6). The rainwater collection assembly (2) is fixedly installed at the bottom edge of the photovoltaic canopy assembly (1) to collect rainwater that slides off the photovoltaic panel. The water storage and pressure stabilizing assembly (6) is connected to the outlet of the rainwater collection assembly (2) through a water supply pipe to store rainwater and stabilize the water supply pressure. The linkage spray cleaning assembly (3) is mounted on the outside of the top of the photovoltaic canopy assembly (1), with its inlet connected to the water storage and pressure stabilizing assembly (6) to spray and clean the photovoltaic panel. The smart sensor assembly (4) is installed on the surface of the photovoltaic canopy and the surrounding environment to detect dust concentration, rainfall, and light intensity signals in real time. The control assembly (5) is electrically connected to the rainwater collection assembly (2), the linkage spray cleaning assembly (3), the smart sensor assembly (4), and the water storage and pressure stabilizing assembly (6) to receive sensor signals and control the start and stop of each component.

2. The photovoltaic roof rainwater collection and self-cleaning device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photovoltaic canopy assembly (1) includes a photovoltaic mounting frame (11), multiple sets of photovoltaic panels (12), and an inclined support base (13); the inclined support base (13) is fixedly inclined on the roof of the building; the photovoltaic mounting frame (11) is fixed on the upper end of the inclined support base (13); multiple photovoltaic panels (12) are evenly embedded in the frame, the panel surface is a smooth, light-transmitting, and clean surface, and water-guiding gaps are reserved between adjacent panels.

3. The photovoltaic roof rainwater collection and self-cleaning device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The rainwater collection component (2) includes a water collection channel (21), a double-layer filter screen (22), a guide branch pipe (23), and a main water collection pipe (24). The water collection channel (21) is laid along the entire length of the bottom edge of the photovoltaic installation frame, with the channel opening aligned with the end of the photovoltaic panel's water guide. The double-layer filter screen (22) is detachably snapped onto the front end of the channel to intercept impurities. Multiple guide branch pipes (23) are connected to the bottom of the channel and are connected to the main water collection pipe (24). The outlet end of the main water collection pipe is connected to the water storage and pressure stabilizing component (6).

4. The photovoltaic roof rainwater collection and self-cleaning device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The linkage spray cleaning component (3) includes a lifting support mechanism (31), a spray main pipe (32), a rotating spray head (33), a high-pressure water pump (34), and a flow regulating valve (35); four sets of lifting support mechanisms (31) are fixed on the outer sides of the four corners of the photovoltaic roof; the spray main pipe (32) is erected on the top of the support mechanism and can be raised and lowered synchronously; multiple sets of rotating spray heads (33) are arranged at the bottom of the main pipe; the high-pressure water pump (34) and the flow regulating valve (35) are connected in series in the pipeline between the water storage and pressure stabilizing component and the spray main pipe, and are all connected to the control component (5).

5. The photovoltaic roof rainwater collection and self-cleaning device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The lifting support mechanism (31) consists of an electric telescopic rod (36), a fixed base (37), and a mounting plate (38); the fixed base (37) is anchored to the top surface of the building; the electric telescopic rod (36) is vertically fixed on the base with the telescopic end facing upward; the mounting plate (38) is fixed to the top of the telescopic rod, the sprinkler main pipe is fixed to the inside of the mounting plate, and the electric telescopic rod is controlled by the control component (5).

6. The photovoltaic roof rainwater collection and self-cleaning device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent sensing component (4) includes a dust concentration sensor (41), a rainfall sensor (42), a light sensor (43), and a temperature sensor (44). The dust concentration sensor (41) is embedded in the photovoltaic panel to monitor the thickness of the dust cover. The rainfall, light, and temperature sensors (42, 43, and 44) ​​are arranged in an open area outside the roof to collect corresponding data. The signal output terminals of all sensors are connected to the signal input terminal of the control component (5).

7. The photovoltaic roof rainwater collection and self-cleaning device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water storage and pressure stabilizing assembly (6) includes a water storage tank (61), a pressure stabilizing valve (62), a liquid level sensor (63), a drain valve (64), and a spare water supply port (65); the water inlet of the water storage tank (61) is connected to the main water collection pipe; the pressure stabilizing valve (62) is installed at the water outlet of the water storage tank to stabilize the water supply pressure; the liquid level sensor (63) is installed at the top of the tank to monitor the water volume; the drain valve (64) is located at the bottom of the tank for sludge removal; the spare water supply port (65) is located at the top of the tank and is equipped with a sealing plug; the liquid level sensor and the pressure stabilizing valve are electrically connected to the control assembly (5).

8. The photovoltaic roof rainwater collection and self-cleaning device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control component (5) includes a controller housing (51), a PLC main control module (52), a signal receiving module (53), a drive control module (54), and a wireless communication module (55). Each module is integrated in the waterproof controller housing (51). The signal receiving module (53) receives data from each sensor and transmits it to the PLC main control module (52). The drive control module (54) receives the main control command and drives the electrical control components of the spray and water storage units. The wireless communication module (55) communicates bidirectionally with the PLC to realize remote data uploading and equipment control.

9. The photovoltaic roof rainwater collection and self-cleaning device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The rotating spray head (33) is a universal rotating atomizing spray head. The water pressure is adjusted by the flow regulating valve (35), and the two water output modes of atomizing spray and high-pressure water jet can be switched.

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