A high-efficiency cleaning device for solar photovoltaic panels

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic panel cleaning equipment, and particularly relates to a high-efficiency solar photovoltaic panel cleaning device, which comprises a cleaning vehicle, a water liquid brushing assembly arranged on the front side of the cleaning vehicle, auxiliary walking positioning assemblies arranged on the two sides of the middle part of the cleaning vehicle, and a water scraping assembly arranged on the rear side of the cleaning vehicle. The water liquid brushing assembly adopts a telescopic shell and a sleeved cleaning cylinder, cooperates with a liquid spraying mechanism and a toothed belt driving mechanism, and realizes wet brushing of soft bristles with adjustable width. The auxiliary walking positioning assemblies are connected with the surface and lateral walking wheels through two-stage telescopic guide rails, and realize walking direction positioning. The water scraping assembly adopts a telescopic structure to adapt to the width and synchronously scrape water stains on the panel surface. The device is provided with a distance detection sensor and has an automatic anti-falling function at the end. The device has high adaptability and stable walking, integrates brushing and water scraping, has high cleaning efficiency, and is suitable for cleaning and operation of solar photovoltaic panel assemblies.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic panel cleaning equipment technology, specifically a high-efficiency cleaning device for solar photovoltaic panels. Background Technology

[0002] Photovoltaic modules are deployed outdoors for extended periods, causing their surfaces to accumulate pollutants such as sand, bird droppings, industrial dust, and salt spray crystals. This buildup directly reduces the light transmittance of the photovoltaic glass, leading to a decrease in power generation efficiency. Therefore, efficient and safe photovoltaic panel cleaning technology is a core operation and maintenance method to ensure power plant revenue and extend the service life of the modules.

[0003] Current photovoltaic panel cleaning technologies are mainly divided into three categories: manual cleaning, dry mechanical cleaning, and wet washing. Each type of solution has obvious technical limitations and is difficult to adapt to the large-scale and diversified operation and maintenance needs of photovoltaic power plants. The manual cleaning method relies on maintenance personnel to use handheld high-pressure water guns or brushes, and the daily cleaning capacity of a single person is only a few hundred square meters, resulting in extremely low work efficiency. Dry cleaning robots mostly use roller brushes for dry dust removal, which do not require an external water source and are relatively flexible in deployment. However, they can only remove surface dust and are extremely ineffective at cleaning stubborn stains such as bird droppings, oil stains, and salt crystals. Furthermore, the hard contact between the roller brush and the panel surface can easily cause micro-scratches on the glass. Long-term repetitive operation will continuously reduce the light transmittance of the components, thereby weakening the long-term power generation benefits. Wet cleaning equipment and robots achieve cleaning through a combination of water spraying and scrubbing, with significantly better stain removal capabilities than dry cleaning methods. This is currently the mainstream technological approach, but existing technologies generally suffer from three major technological shortcomings: Insufficient adaptability of cleaning width: The brushing and spraying mechanisms of existing cleaning equipment are mostly of fixed width, which can only be adapted to photovoltaic panel arrays of a single specification. For power plant scenarios with different sizes of modules and different layout widths, customized production is required, resulting in poor versatility and high equipment procurement and maintenance costs. A few solutions with telescopic adjustment functions have defects such as asynchronous extension and retraction of the brushing cylinder, discontinuous spray coverage, and poor sealing performance of the telescopic parts, which can easily lead to water leakage. After adjustment, it is difficult to guarantee the uniformity of cleaning and the problem of edge leakage is easy to occur.

[0004] Poor stability and guidance in walking and positioning: Most cleaning equipment relies solely on tracks or rollers to walk directly on the surface of photovoltaic panels, lacking an independent lateral guidance and positioning structure. In scenarios with inclined panels, misaligned module frames, or differences in panel height, problems such as deviation, slippage, and falling off the boundary are very likely to occur. Water stains cause secondary pollution: Most existing wet cleaning solutions only have a brushing mechanism. After the water stains on the board surface evaporate naturally, the minerals and residual dust in the water will form scale and dust layer on the surface, which will reduce the light transmittance after cleaning and the duration of the effect. Some equipment with added squeegee structure also has a fixed width of squeegee strip, which cannot be adapted to the adjustable cleaning width. The squeegee does not fully cover the edge areas, and the squeegee effect is greatly reduced.

[0005] Therefore, developing a high-efficiency photovoltaic panel cleaning device with adjustable cleaning width, reliable walking positioning, and coordinated brushing and squeegee operation is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in the industry. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a high-efficiency solar photovoltaic panel cleaning device that is flexibly adjustable, reliably positioned, and combines brushing and squeegeeing operations, thus solving the problems mentioned earlier.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A high-efficiency cleaning device for solar photovoltaic panels includes a cleaning vehicle, a water-washing assembly installed on the front side of the cleaning vehicle, auxiliary walking and positioning assemblies installed on both sides of the middle part of the cleaning vehicle, and a squeegee assembly installed on the rear side of the cleaning vehicle. The water-based washing assembly consists of a central washing shell, with adjustable shells slidably mounted at both ends of the washing shell. An opening is provided in the center of the washing shell, and a sealing shell is fixedly mounted at the bottom of the opening by screws. A rotating shaft rotatably passes through the sealing shell, and a central washing cylinder is fixedly connected to both ends of the rotating shaft. Several first soft bristles are fixedly attached to the outer surface of the central washing cylinder. A side washing cylinder is slidably mounted on the central washing cylinder, and several second soft bristles are fixedly attached to the outer surface of the side washing cylinder. The top of the cleaning housing is equipped with a drive mechanism for driving the rotating shaft to rotate, the inside of the cleaning housing is equipped with a liquid spraying mechanism, and a fixing mechanism is installed between the cleaning housing and the adjusting housing. As a further embodiment of the present invention, the driving mechanism includes a driving housing, which is fixedly connected to the top of the cleaning housing by screws. A cleaning driving motor is fixedly installed inside the driving housing. A driving toothed pulley is fixedly connected to the output end of the cleaning driving motor. A driven toothed pulley is fixedly fitted in the middle of the outer surface of the rotating shaft. A toothed belt is tensioned and sleeved between the driving toothed pulley and the driven toothed pulley.

[0008] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the spraying mechanism includes a fixed spray pipe, which is fixedly connected to the cleaning shell. Both ends of the fixed spray pipe are slidably provided with adjusting pipes. Multiple sets of rubber piston sleeves are fixedly fitted at the liquid inlet end of the adjusting pipe. A plurality of spray holes are opened on the outer surface of both the fixed spray pipe and the adjusting pipe. An infusion pipe is fixedly provided on the cleaning shell and is fixedly connected to the fixed spray pipe. A water pipe connector is installed at the end of the infusion pipe.

[0009] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the fixing mechanism includes two sets of first fixing blocks and two sets of second fixing blocks. The two sets of first fixing blocks are respectively fixedly connected to the top two sides of the cleaning shell, and the two sets of second fixing blocks are respectively fixedly connected to the top of the adjusting shell. A long bolt rod is fixedly connected to the second fixing block, and the long bolt rod passes through the first fixing block. Two sets of fixing nuts are threaded onto the outer surface of the long bolt rod, and the two sets of fixing nuts are respectively tightened and abutted against the two sides of the first fixing block.

[0010] As a further part of the present invention, the central cleaning tube is provided with a plurality of slots, and the outer surface of the lateral cleaning tube is fixedly connected with a plurality of inserts, the inserts being slidably inserted into the corresponding slots; The central cleaning cylinder has several clearance grooves corresponding to the second soft brush bristles.

[0011] As a further part of the present invention, the auxiliary walking positioning component includes two sets of fixed guide plates, the ends of the fixed guide plates are fixedly connected to mounting blocks, the mounting blocks are fixedly installed on the cleaning vehicle by screws, a first guide rail plate is slidably fitted on the fixed guide plates, a second guide rail plate is slidably installed on the first guide rail plate, a connecting plate is fixedly connected between the two sets of first guide rail plates, and a set of mounting plates is fixedly connected between the two sets of second guide rail plates. Both sides of the mounting plate are fixedly mounted with photovoltaic panel surface wheels via brackets, and multiple sets of photovoltaic panel side wheels are fixedly mounted on the bottom of the mounting plate.

[0012] As a further part of the present invention, a plurality of first balls are embedded in the first guide rail plate, and a plurality of second balls are embedded in the second guide rail plate. A first positioning bolt is installed between the fixed guide plate and the first guide rail plate, and a second positioning bolt is installed between the second guide rail plate and the first guide rail plate.

[0013] As a further part of the present invention, the wiper assembly includes a tail frame, side plates are slidably mounted on both sides of the bottom of the tail frame, a tail plate is fixedly mounted on the end face of the tail frame, a tail wiper rubber plate is fixedly embedded on the tail plate, and a side wiper rubber plate is fixedly embedded on the side plate. The top of the tail frame has two sets of symmetrically distributed sliding openings. A stud is fixedly connected to the side plate, and a positioning nut is threaded onto the stud. The positioning nut is fastened to the surface of the tail frame.

[0014] As a further part of the present invention, drive track wheels are installed around the cleaning vehicle, and driven track wheels are rotatably installed on the cleaning vehicle and located on one side of the drive wheels. A walking track is tensioned and sleeved between the drive track wheels and the driven track wheels, and a number of friction protrusions are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the walking track. The cleaning vehicle is equipped with a set of dual-axis walking motors, and the ends of the dual-axis walking motors are fixedly connected to two sets of drive track wheels on the rear side via connecting shafts. The top of the cleaning vehicle is fixedly connected to a transport frame by screws. Several water pipe limiting rings are installed on the transport frame. A tail limiting ring is fixedly installed on the tail frame. The infusion tube passes through the corresponding water pipe limiting ring and tail limiting ring.

[0015] As a further part of the present invention, the head of the cleaning vehicle is fixedly connected to both sides of the head by screws, and two sets of mounting rods are fixedly connected to the head mounting frame by bolts. The end of the mounting rod is fixedly connected to the mounting plate, and the mounting plate is fixedly connected to the cleaning shell by screws. A detection plate is fixedly connected to the cleaning shell, and a downward detection distance sensor is fixedly installed on the detection plate; The cleaning housing contains a rechargeable battery and a controller. The controller is electrically connected to a distance detection sensor, a dual-axis walking motor, a cleaning drive motor, and the rechargeable battery via wires.

[0016] This invention provides a high-efficiency cleaning device for solar photovoltaic panels. Compared with the prior art, it has the following advantages: 1. This device features adjustable width and strong adaptability to various scenarios, enabling full-width cleaning without blind spots. The water-based brushing component, spraying mechanism, and squeegee component all utilize a telescopic structure, allowing simultaneous adaptation to photovoltaic panels of different widths. The synchronized width adjustment of these three components accommodates photovoltaic module arrays of varying sizes, eliminating the need for customized production. It also ensures continuous coverage throughout the brushing, spraying, and squeegeeing process, preventing edge neglect and uneven cleaning. This overcomes the shortcomings of traditional equipment, such as poor versatility with fixed widths and sealing failure after expansion and contraction, significantly reducing equipment procurement costs. 2. The device is equipped with an independent auxiliary walking and positioning component. A two-stage telescopic guide rail structure is formed by a fixed guide plate, a first guide rail plate, and a second guide rail plate. This, combined with the surface-mounted wheels and lateral wheels of the photovoltaic panel, constructs a walking constraint system that provides rolling support and lateral limiting guidance for the panel surface. In complex scenarios such as inclined panels, misaligned module frames, and varying panel heights, this system effectively limits lateral displacement, preventing deviation, slippage, and falls. It also reduces collisions and scratches between the equipment and the module frame, balancing walking efficiency with the protection of the photovoltaic glass and frame. 3. The combined brushing and squeegee operation ensures high-quality cleaning without secondary water pollution. Utilizing a continuous working layout of front-side wet brushing and rear-side simultaneous squeegeeing, the front-end soft bristles, along with the sprayed water, rotate and thoroughly remove stubborn stains such as sand, bird droppings, industrial dust, and salt spray crystals. The soft bristles prevent scratching the photovoltaic glass and anti-reflective film. The retractable squeegee at the rear, using both rear and side squeegee rubber plates, completely covers and removes residual cleaning water from the panel surface, preventing mineral precipitation and scale buildup after water evaporation. This maintains the module's light transmittance for an extended period, solving the problem of secondary pollution caused by residual water after traditional wet cleaning and extending the maintenance period of post-cleaning power generation efficiency. 3. A downward-detecting distance sensor is installed at the front of the cleaning shell. When the device moves to the end of the photovoltaic panel and the sensor detects a distance exceeding the set threshold, the controller automatically controls the walking motor to stop, effectively preventing the equipment from falling from the photovoltaic panel and reducing the safety risks of high-altitude operation and maintenance; the built-in rechargeable battery enables the equipment to be self-powered, eliminating the need for external power cables and making on-site deployment and relocation operations more flexible. 4. All functional components adopt a bolt-type disassembly and locking structure. On-site width adjustment can be completed simply by loosening or tightening the corresponding nuts. The operation is simple and does not require special tools. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the main body of the present invention in conjunction with the photovoltaic panel; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the water-based washing assembly structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the water-based washing component of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the auxiliary walking and positioning component of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the wiper assembly structure of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the cleaning vehicle structure of the present invention; Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 3Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the middle; Figure 9 For the present invention Figure 4 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point B; Figure 10 For the present invention Figure 5 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point C; Figure 11 For the present invention Figure 6 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point D.

[0018] In the diagram: 1. Cleaning vehicle; 2. Water washing assembly; 3. Auxiliary walking and positioning assembly; 4. Squeegee assembly; 5. Infusion tube; 6. Water pipe connector; 7. Drive housing; 8. Distance detection sensor; 9. Cleaning housing; 10. First fixing block; 11. Long bolt rod; 12. Adjusting housing; 13. Second fixing block; 14. Sealing housing; 15. Connecting plate; 16. Fixing guide plate; 17. First guide rail plate; 18. Second guide rail plate; 19. Mounting plate; 20. Photovoltaic panel side walking wheel; 21. Photovoltaic panel surface walking wheel; 22. Tail frame; 23. Side plate; 24. Side squeegee rubber plate; 25. Transport frame; 26. Water pipe limiting ring; 27. Driven track wheel; 28. Walking wheel 29. Track; 30. Drive track wheel; 31. Head mounting bracket; 32. Mounting plate; 33. Mounting rod; 34. Fixed spray pipe; 35. Adjusting pipe; 36. Side cleaning cylinder; 37. Insert bar; 38. Second soft brush bristles; 39. First soft brush bristles; 40. Clearance groove; 41. Middle cleaning cylinder; 42. Rotating shaft; 43. Driven toothed pulley; 44. Toothed belt; 45. Drive toothed pulley; 46. Tail limiting ring; 47. Cleaning drive motor; 48. First positioning bolt; 49. Second positioning bolt; 50. First ball bearing; 51. Sliding end; 52. Stud; 53. Tail wiper rubber plate; 54. Tail plate; 55. Positioning nut; 56. Mounting block. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Please see Figure 1-11 The present invention provides a technical solution: a high-efficiency cleaning device for solar photovoltaic panels, including a cleaning vehicle 1, a water washing component 2 installed on the front side of the cleaning vehicle 1, auxiliary walking and positioning components 3 installed on both sides of the middle part of the cleaning vehicle 1, and a squeegee component 4 installed on the rear side of the cleaning vehicle 1. The water-based washing assembly 2 consists of a central washing shell 9. Adjustment shells 12 are slidably installed at both ends of the washing shell 9. A through-hole is opened in the middle of the washing shell 9. A sealing shell 14 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the through-hole by screws. A rotating shaft 41 is rotatably installed on the sealing shell 14. A central washing cylinder 40 is fixedly connected to both ends of the rotating shaft 41. A number of first soft bristles 38 are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the central washing cylinder 40. A side washing cylinder 35 is slidably mounted on the central washing cylinder 40. A number of second soft bristles 37 are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the side washing cylinder 35. The top of the cleaning housing 9 is equipped with a drive mechanism for driving the rotating shaft 41 to rotate. The inside of the cleaning housing 9 is equipped with a spray mechanism. A fixing mechanism is installed between the cleaning housing 9 and the adjusting housing 12.

[0021] In use, the auxiliary walking and positioning component 3 can install the device onto the photovoltaic panel according to the width of the solar photovoltaic panel. The auxiliary walking and positioning component 3 has a lateral guiding and positioning structure to prevent the photovoltaic panel from running off course, slipping, or falling over the limit when the panel is tilted, the component frame is misaligned, or there are height differences on the panel. During cleaning, the water washing component 2 combines roller brush washing and spraying to efficiently clean photovoltaic panels of different widths. The cleaning cart 1 can drive the device to clean a section of the photovoltaic panel. The squeegee component 4 can scrape off the water on the surface of the photovoltaic panel to prevent water stains from causing secondary pollution.

[0022] refer to Figure 4 and Figure 9 The specific driving mechanism includes a driving housing 7, which is fixedly connected to the top of the cleaning housing 9 by screws. A cleaning drive motor 46 is fixedly installed inside the driving housing 7. A drive toothed pulley 44 is fixedly connected to the output end of the cleaning drive motor 46. A driven toothed pulley 42 is fixedly fitted in the middle of the outer surface of the rotating shaft 41. A toothed belt 43 is tensioned and sleeved between the drive toothed pulley 44 and the driven toothed pulley 42.

[0023] During cleaning, the cleaning drive motor 46 is started. The cleaning drive motor 46 drives the rotating shaft 41 to rotate through the toothed belt 43. When the rotating shaft 41 rotates, it will drive the middle cleaning cylinder 40 on both sides and the first soft bristles 38 to rotate. When the middle cleaning cylinder 40 rotates, it will simultaneously drive the side cleaning cylinders 35 on both sides and the second soft bristles 37 to rotate, so as to achieve brushing.

[0024] The spraying mechanism includes a fixed spray pipe 33, which is fixedly connected to the cleaning shell 9. Both ends of the fixed spray pipe 33 are slidably connected to the regulating pipe 34. Multiple sets of rubber piston sleeves are fixedly fitted at the liquid inlet end of the regulating pipe 34. Several spray holes are opened on the outer surface of both the fixed spray pipe 33 and the regulating pipe 34. A liquid delivery pipe 5 is fixedly connected to the cleaning shell 9 and is fixedly connected to the fixed spray pipe 33. A water pipe connector 6 is installed at the end of the liquid delivery pipe 5.

[0025] During the scrubbing process, the water pipe connector 6 is connected to an external liquid infusion pipe. The external liquid enters the fixed spray pipe 33 and the regulating pipe 34 through the liquid infusion pipe 5, and finally sprays from the spray hole onto the photovoltaic panel and the cleaning cylinder, thereby cooperating with the liquid for scrubbing.

[0026] The fixing mechanism includes two sets of first fixing blocks 10 and two sets of second fixing blocks 13. The two sets of first fixing blocks 10 are fixedly connected to the top two sides of the cleaning shell 9, and the two sets of second fixing blocks 13 are fixedly connected to the top of the adjusting shell 12. A long bolt rod 11 is fixedly connected to the second fixing block 13. The long bolt rod 11 passes through the first fixing block 10. Two sets of fixing nuts are threaded onto the outer surface of the long bolt rod 11. The two sets of fixing nuts are tightened and abut against the two sides of the first fixing block 10.

[0027] The central cleaning cylinder 40 has several slots, and the outer surface of the side cleaning cylinder 35 is fixedly connected to several inserts 36. The inserts 36 are slidably inserted into the corresponding slots. The side cleaning cylinder 35 can be driven to rotate when the central cleaning cylinder 40 rotates through the cooperation between the inserts 36 and the slots. The central cleaning cylinder 40 has several clearance grooves 39 corresponding to the second soft bristles 37.

[0028] This device can adapt to the width of the photovoltaic panel and adjust the brushing size. The adjustment shell 12 is slidably installed on the cleaning shell 9 and can adapt to the extension and retraction length of the adjustment shell 12. When the adjustment shell 12 is extended and retracted, the side cleaning cylinder 35 will extend and retract synchronously along the middle cleaning cylinder 40, and the adjustment pipe 34 will extend and retract synchronously along the fixed spray pipe 33. The rubber piston sleeve at the end of the adjustment pipe 34 can seal the joint between the fixed spray pipe 33 and the adjustment pipe 34. The provided clearance groove 39 accommodates the second soft bristles 37 when the side cleaning cylinder 35 extends and retracts.

[0029] The auxiliary walking positioning component 3 includes two sets of fixed guide plates 16. The ends of the fixed guide plates 16 are fixedly connected to the mounting blocks 56. The mounting blocks 56 are fixedly installed on the cleaning vehicle 1 by screws. A first guide rail plate 17 is slidably mounted on the fixed guide plate 16. A second guide rail plate 18 is slidably mounted on the first guide rail plate 17. A connecting plate 15 is fixedly connected between the two sets of first guide rail plates 17. A mounting plate 19 is fixedly connected between the two sets of second guide rail plates 18. Both sides of the mounting plate 19 are fixedly mounted with photovoltaic panel surface walking wheels 21 via brackets, and multiple sets of photovoltaic panel side walking wheels 20 are fixedly mounted on the bottom of the mounting plate 19.

[0030] A number of first ball bearings 50 are embedded on the first guide plate 17, and a number of second ball bearings 49 are embedded on the second guide plate 18. A first positioning bolt 47 is installed between the fixed guide plate 16 and the first guide rail plate 17, and a second positioning bolt 48 is installed between the second guide rail plate 18 and the first guide rail plate 17.

[0031] When using the auxiliary walking positioning component 3, the extension lengths of the first guide rail plate 17 and the second guide rail plate 18 are adjusted according to the width of the photovoltaic panel. Then, the first guide rail plate 17 is locked to the fixed guide plate 16 with the first positioning bolt 47, and the second guide rail plate 18 is locked to the first guide rail plate 17 with the second positioning bolt 48. The photovoltaic panel surface walking wheel 21 contacts the upper surface of the photovoltaic panel, and the photovoltaic panel side walking wheel 20 contacts the side surface of the photovoltaic panel, thereby placing the device on the inclined photovoltaic panel surface.

[0032] The wiper assembly 4 includes a tail frame 22, with side plates 23 slidably mounted on both sides of the bottom of the tail frame 22, a tail plate 54 fixedly mounted on the end face of the tail frame 22, a tail wiper rubber plate 53 fixedly embedded on the tail plate 54, and a side wiper rubber plate 24 fixedly embedded on the side plate 23. The top of the tail frame 22 has two sets of symmetrically distributed sliding openings 51. A stud 52 is fixedly connected to the side plate 23. A positioning nut 55 is threaded onto the stud 52 and is tightly abutted against the surface of the tail frame 22.

[0033] The wiping assembly 4 can remove the water after cleaning. The two sets of sliding side plates 23 can be adjusted to accommodate the width of the photovoltaic panel and then locked with the positioning nut 55. The tail wiping rubber plate 53 and the two sets of side wiping rubber plates 24 remove water stains from the surface of the photovoltaic panel.

[0034] The cleaning vehicle 1 is equipped with drive track wheels 29 on all four sides. A driven track wheel 27 is rotatably mounted on the cleaning vehicle 1 and located on one side of the drive track wheel 29. A walking track 28 is tensioned and sleeved between the drive track wheel 29 and the driven track wheel 27. Several friction protrusions are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the walking track 28. The cleaning vehicle 1 is equipped with a set of dual-axis walking motors. The ends of the dual-axis walking motors are fixedly connected to two sets of drive track wheels 29 on the rear side via connecting shafts. The top of the cleaning vehicle 1 is fixedly connected to a transport frame 25 by screws. Several water pipe limiting rings 26 are installed on the transport frame 25. A tail limiting ring 45 is fixedly installed on the tail frame 22. The infusion tube 5 passes through the corresponding water pipe limiting ring 26 and tail limiting ring 45.

[0035] When driving this device to move, start the dual-axis walking motor, which can drive the rear wheels of the cleaning vehicle 1 to move.

[0036] Both sides of the head of the cleaning vehicle 1 are fixedly connected to the head mounting bracket 30 by screws. Two sets of mounting rods 32 are fixedly connected to the head mounting bracket 30 by bolts. The ends of the mounting rods 32 are fixedly connected to the mounting plates 31. The mounting plates 31 are fixedly connected to the cleaning shell 9 by screws, which facilitates the disassembly and assembly of the cleaning vehicle 1 and the cleaning shell 9. A detection plate is fixedly connected to the cleaning shell 9, and a downward detection distance sensor 8 is fixedly installed on the detection plate; The cleaning housing 9 has a rechargeable battery and a controller fixedly installed inside. The controller is electrically connected to the distance detection sensor 8, the dual-axis walking motor, the cleaning drive motor 46, and the rechargeable battery through wires.

[0037] Once the distance detection sensor 8 detects that the distance exceeds a certain range, it means that the cleaning vehicle 1 has reached the rear of the photovoltaic panel. At this time, the controller will shut down the dual-axis walking motor to prevent the cleaning vehicle 1 from falling. The rechargeable battery can then power the device.

[0038] Working principle: This device first adjusts the overall width of the photovoltaic panel to match the panel's width, then moves autonomously along the panel's surface to perform wet scrubbing and squeegee cleaning. Distance detection is used to prevent the end from falling. The complete workflow is as follows: Before operation, three sets of functional components are adjusted synchronously to adjust the width of the target photovoltaic panel: for the water washing component 2, loosen the two sets of fixing nuts on the long bolt rod 11, and slide the adjusting shell 12 laterally along the cleaning shell 9 to the target width. During this process, the lateral cleaning cylinder 35 extends and retracts synchronously along the slot of the middle cleaning cylinder 40 through the insert 36, and the adjusting tube 34 extends and retracts synchronously along the fixed spray pipe 33. The rubber piston sleeve at the end of the adjusting tube 34 ensures the sealing of the extension and retraction parts. The clearance groove 39 on the middle cleaning cylinder 40 accommodates the second soft bristles 37 to avoid extension and retraction interference. After the adjustment is completed, the fixing nuts are locked, and the relative positioning of the cleaning shell 9 and the adjusting shell 12 is completed by the first fixing block 10 and the second fixing block 13. For the auxiliary walking positioning component 3, loosen the first positioning bolt 47 and the second positioning bolt 48, and adjust the extension of the first guide rail plate 17 along the fixed guide plate 16 and the extension of the second guide rail plate 18 along the first guide rail plate 17, respectively. The first ball bearing 50 and the second ball bearing 49 reduce the resistance of telescopic friction. After adjusting until the photovoltaic panel side walking wheel 20 can fit against the side of the photovoltaic panel and the photovoltaic panel surface walking wheel 21 fits against the panel surface, tighten the positioning bolts to complete the positioning. The mounting block 56 fixes the fixed guide plate 16 to the side of the cleaning vehicle 1 as a whole. For the wiper component 4, loosen the positioning nut 55, so that the stud 52 on the side plate 23 slides laterally along the sliding opening 51 of the tail frame 22. Adjust the extension of the side plate 23 to match the cleaning width, and tighten the positioning nut 55 to complete the fixation. During operation, the device is placed on top of the photovoltaic panel. The dual-axis walking motor inside the cleaning vehicle 1 drives the two sets of drive track wheels 29 on the rear side to rotate. The walking track 28 drives the device to move along the surface of the photovoltaic panel. The driven track wheel 27 tightens the walking track 28. The friction protrusions on the track surface improve the grip of the panel to prevent slippage. During the movement, the auxiliary walking positioning components 3 on both sides of the middle are supported by the walking wheels 21 on the surface of the photovoltaic panel, which roll against the upper surface of the photovoltaic panel. The side walking wheels 20 on the photovoltaic panel roll against the side of the photovoltaic panel, which restricts the lateral deviation of the device and prevents it from running off course, crossing the boundary and falling. As the device moves forward, the cleaning drive motor 46 inside the drive housing 7 starts, driving the drive toothed pulley 44 at the output end to rotate. This rotation is transmitted through the toothed belt 43 to the driven toothed pulley 42 in the middle of the rotating shaft 41, driving the rotating shaft 41, which is mounted on the sealed housing 14, to rotate. The rotating shaft 41 drives the middle cleaning cylinders 40 at both ends to rotate synchronously, and through the insertion of the slot and the insert 36, it drives the side cleaning cylinders 35 to rotate synchronously. The first soft bristles 38 and the second soft bristles 37 work together to rotate and brush the surface of the photovoltaic panel. At the same time, external cleaning liquid is introduced into the fixed spray pipe 33 and the regulating pipe 34 through the water pipe connector 6 and the liquid delivery pipe 5. The liquid is sprayed evenly onto the photovoltaic panel surface and the bristles through the spray holes on the pipe body, achieving wet deep cleaning in conjunction with the rotating bristles. During the movement of the device, the rear wiper assembly 4 moves forward synchronously with the cleaning cart 1. The rear wiper rubber plate 53 embedded on the rear plate 54 scrapes the cleaning water stains in the main area against the plate surface, while the lateral wiper rubber plates 24 on the side plates 23 scrape the water stains in the edge area of ​​the plate surface to prevent water from evaporating naturally and leaving scale residue. The distance detection sensor 8 at the front of the cleaning shell 9 detects the distance to the photovoltaic panel surface in real time. When the device moves to the end of the photovoltaic panel and the detection distance exceeds the set threshold, it transmits a signal to the controller, which controls the dual-axis walking motor to stop to prevent the cleaning cart 1 from falling. The rechargeable battery powers all electrical components. The water pipe limiting ring 26 on the transport frame 25 and the tail limiting ring 45 on the tail frame 22 limit the routing of the infusion tube 5 to prevent the tube from getting tangled and interfering.

[0039] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0040] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency cleaning device for solar photovoltaic panels, comprising a cleaning vehicle (1), characterized in that: A water-washing assembly (2) is installed on the front side of the cleaning vehicle (1), and auxiliary walking positioning assemblies (3) are installed on both sides of the middle part of the cleaning vehicle (1). A squeegee assembly (4) is installed on the rear side of the cleaning vehicle (1). The water washing assembly (2) consists of a central washing shell (9). Adjustment shells (12) are slidably installed at both ends of the washing shell (9). A through-hole is opened in the middle of the washing shell (9). A sealing shell (14) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the through-hole by screws. A rotating shaft (41) is rotatably installed on the sealing shell (14). A central washing cylinder (40) is fixedly connected to both ends of the rotating shaft (41). A number of first soft bristles (38) are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the central washing cylinder (40). A side washing cylinder (35) is slidably mounted on the central washing cylinder (40). A number of second soft bristles (37) are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the side washing cylinder (35). The top of the cleaning shell (9) is equipped with a drive mechanism for driving the rotating shaft (41) to rotate. The inside of the cleaning shell (9) is equipped with a spray mechanism. A fixing mechanism is installed between the cleaning shell (9) and the adjusting shell (12).

2. The high-efficiency cleaning device for solar photovoltaic panels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drive mechanism includes a drive housing (7), which is fixedly connected to the top of the cleaning housing (9) by screws. A cleaning drive motor (46) is fixedly installed inside the drive housing (7). A drive toothed pulley (44) is fixedly connected to the output end of the cleaning drive motor (46). A driven toothed pulley (42) is fixedly fitted in the middle of the outer surface of the rotating shaft (41). A toothed belt (43) is tensioned and sleeved between the drive toothed pulley (44) and the driven toothed pulley (42).

3. The high-efficiency cleaning device for solar photovoltaic panels according to claim 2, characterized in that: The spraying mechanism includes a fixed spray pipe (33), which is fixedly connected to the cleaning shell (9). Both ends of the fixed spray pipe (33) are slidably provided with adjusting pipes (34). Multiple sets of rubber piston sleeves are fixedly fitted at the liquid inlet end of the adjusting pipe (34). Several spray holes are opened on the outer surfaces of the fixed spray pipe (33) and the adjusting pipe (34). An infusion pipe (5) is fixedly provided on the cleaning shell (9). The infusion pipe (5) is fixedly connected to the fixed spray pipe (33). A water pipe connector (6) is installed at the end of the infusion pipe (5).

4. The high-efficiency cleaning device for solar photovoltaic panels according to claim 3, characterized in that: The fixing mechanism includes two sets of first fixing blocks (10) and two sets of second fixing blocks (13). The two sets of first fixing blocks (10) are fixedly connected to the top two sides of the cleaning shell (9), and the two sets of second fixing blocks (13) are fixedly connected to the top of the adjusting shell (12). A long bolt rod (11) is fixedly connected to the second fixing block (13). The long bolt rod (11) passes through the first fixing block (10). Two sets of fixing nuts are threaded onto the outer surface of the long bolt rod (11). The two sets of fixing nuts are tightened and abut against the two sides of the first fixing block (10).

5. The high-efficiency cleaning device for solar photovoltaic panels according to claim 4, characterized in that: The central cleaning cylinder (40) has several slots, and the outer surface of the side cleaning cylinder (35) is fixedly connected with several inserts (36), which are slidably inserted into the corresponding slots. The central cleaning cylinder (40) has several clearance grooves (39) corresponding to the second soft bristles (37).

6. The high-efficiency cleaning device for solar photovoltaic panels according to claim 5, characterized in that: The auxiliary walking positioning component (3) includes two sets of fixed guide plates (16). The ends of the fixed guide plates (16) are fixedly connected to mounting blocks (56). The mounting blocks (56) are fixedly installed on the cleaning vehicle (1) by screws. A first guide rail plate (17) is slidably fitted on the fixed guide plate (16). A second guide rail plate (18) is slidably installed on the first guide rail plate (17). A connecting plate (15) is fixedly connected between the two sets of first guide rail plates (17). A set of mounting plates (19) is fixedly connected between the two sets of second guide rail plates (18). Both sides of the mounting plate (19) are fixedly mounted with photovoltaic panel surface walking wheels (21) by brackets, and multiple sets of photovoltaic panel side walking wheels (20) are fixedly mounted on the bottom of the mounting plate (19).

7. The high-efficiency cleaning device for solar photovoltaic panels according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first guide plate (17) is fitted with a plurality of first balls (50), and the second guide plate (18) is fitted with a plurality of second balls (49). A first positioning bolt (47) is installed between the fixed guide plate (16) and the first guide rail plate (17), and a second positioning bolt (48) is installed between the second guide rail plate (18) and the first guide rail plate (17).

8. The high-efficiency cleaning device for solar photovoltaic panels according to claim 7, characterized in that: The wiper assembly (4) includes a tail frame (22), with side plates (23) slidably mounted on both sides of the bottom of the tail frame (22), a tail plate (54) fixedly mounted on the end face of the tail frame (22), a tail wiper rubber plate (53) fixedly embedded on the tail plate (54), and a side wiper rubber plate (24) fixedly embedded on the side plate (23). The top of the tail frame (22) has two sets of symmetrically distributed sliding openings (51). A stud (52) is fixedly connected to the side plate (23). A positioning nut (55) is threaded onto the stud (52). The positioning nut (55) is fastened to the surface of the tail frame (22).

9. The high-efficiency cleaning device for solar photovoltaic panels according to claim 8, characterized in that: The cleaning vehicle (1) is equipped with drive track wheels (29) on all four sides. A driven track wheel (27) is rotatably installed on the cleaning vehicle (1) and located on one side of the drive wheel (29). A walking track (28) is tensioned and sleeved between the drive track wheel (29) and the driven track wheel (27). Several friction protrusions are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the walking track (28). The cleaning vehicle (1) is equipped with a set of dual-axis walking motors. The ends of the dual-axis walking motors are fixedly connected to two sets of drive track wheels (29) on the rear side through connecting shafts. The top of the cleaning vehicle (1) is fixedly connected to a transport frame (25) by screws. Several water pipe limiting rings (26) are installed on the transport frame (25). A tail limiting ring (45) is fixedly installed on the tail frame (22). The infusion tube (5) passes through the corresponding water pipe limiting ring (26) and tail limiting ring (45).

10. The high-efficiency cleaning device for solar photovoltaic panels according to claim 9, characterized in that: The head of the cleaning cart (1) is fixedly connected to a head mounting bracket (30) on both sides by screws. Two sets of mounting rods (32) are fixedly connected to the head mounting bracket (30) by bolts. The end of the mounting rod (32) is fixedly connected to a mounting piece (31). The mounting piece (31) is fixedly connected to the cleaning shell (9) by screws. A detection plate is fixedly connected to the cleaning shell (9), and a downward detection distance sensor (8) is fixedly installed on the detection plate. The cleaning housing (9) is equipped with a rechargeable battery and a controller. The controller is electrically connected to the distance detection sensor (8), the dual-axis walking motor, the cleaning drive motor (46), and the rechargeable battery via wires.

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