Ecological synergistic off-peak power generation system

Abstract

The application discloses an ecological synergistic staggered peak power generation system and belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic sand control, agricultural photovoltaic complementation and new energy. In order to solve the problems of concentrated output of sand desert photovoltaic in the middle of the day, great pressure of grid-connected consumption and traditional pure cost investment for sand control, the system vertically arranges double-sided photovoltaic modules, the normal line of the module surface is oriented to the east or the west, a light-reflecting and wind-permeating sunshade net is arranged between rows, the sunshade net and the module surface form a dihedral angle of 52.8-90 DEG, the sunshade net can reflect light to the module and shield strong light on the ground between rows and inhibit water evaporation. The elastic lens with pre-tightening internal stress can be selected to realize self-adaptive wind pressure unloading and reset. The application takes into account the synergistic effect of staggered peak power generation and sand conservation and sand fixation on sand land, realizes the collaborative management of new energy development and desert ecology and is suitable for large-scale photovoltaic bases in sand desert.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the fields of photovoltaic desertification control, agricultural photovoltaic complementarity, and new energy technology, and specifically relates to a photovoltaic desertification control ecological efficiency-enhancing staggered peak power generation system. Background Technology

[0002] Deserts, Gobi, and other barren areas are rich in solar resources and have vast land resources, making them core areas for the planning and construction of large-scale wind and solar power bases in my country. However, these areas are generally characterized by strong solar radiation, high surface water evaporation, weak ecological carrying capacity, and frequent sandstorms, resulting in extremely fragile ecological environments. Photovoltaic desertification control technology relies on photovoltaic arrays to block near-ground wind and sand, reduce surface wind speed, shade strong sunlight, and reduce soil moisture evaporation, allowing drought-resistant vegetation to grow under and between the panels, and using the vegetation's root system to stabilize the sand—a collaborative engineering-biological desertification control technology. Deeply integrating new energy development and utilization with desertification ecological governance, and adopting an integrated photovoltaic desertification control model of photovoltaic power generation on the panels and sand stabilization and revegetation under the panels, can simultaneously achieve multiple benefits such as increased energy production, ecological restoration, and increased industrial income. This is a core development route for improving the quality and efficiency of my country's Three-North Shelterbelt Project and the comprehensive management of large-scale new energy bases in deserts and Gobi.

[0003] Currently, most large-scale photovoltaic power stations in desert and Gobi areas adopt the traditional south-facing arrangement of single-sided photovoltaic modules with optimal tilt angles. This arrangement has significant technical and ecological drawbacks in practical applications, hindering the high-quality development of photovoltaic desertification control projects. Firstly, the single south-facing fixed tilt angle installation structure results in a limited angle of sunlight reception, efficiently capturing only direct sunlight during midday. The utilization rate of sunlight resources during the morning and evening hours is extremely low, leading to a high concentration of power generation during midday. This results in a prominent peak output curve and large intraday fluctuations, making it impossible to achieve grid-friendly peak-shaving power generation and significantly exacerbating the pressure on new energy grid integration and peak-shaving difficulties. Secondly, existing conventional photovoltaic power stations prioritize power generation efficiency as their sole core objective, failing to address the urgent ecological needs of desert and Gobi areas. The bare land between photovoltaic array rows is exposed to strong direct sunlight for extended periods, significantly increasing the rate of soil moisture evaporation, inhibiting the growth of native vegetation and natural revegetation. Furthermore, the construction of these power stations can exacerbate localized desertification, contradicting the original intention of ecological synergy in photovoltaic desertification control. Third, current photovoltaic power generation efficiency improvement technologies mostly rely on equipment upgrades such as upgrading component conversion efficiency, optimizing inverter performance, and iterating electrical control systems. These upgrades are not only costly, but also have their marginal efficiency improvement space gradually approaching a bottleneck. There is a lack of integrated solutions that can simultaneously improve power generation efficiency and combat desertification by using lightweight site structures and optimizing adaptability.

[0004] The applicant's previously developed "Vacuum Reflective Pier Ecological Photovoltaic System (CN122268247A)" innovatively deploys vacuum reflective piers on both sides of the photovoltaic array, utilizing the principle of reflection to increase the amount of light received by the photovoltaic modules, thereby increasing the overall power generation of the power station. This reflective device features locally sourced materials, a stable structure, and excellent wind resistance. However, the core of this solution relies on a large amount of sand and soil as counterweight and molding substrate. During the construction and deployment of the device, it will cause significant disturbance to the original surface of the desert and Gobi areas, easily damaging the original fragile ecological structure, which is not conducive to the conservation and long-term management of the original ecology of the region. Its applicability to the refined construction scenario of photovoltaic desertification control is quite obvious.

[0005] The applicant's prior-developed "Bionic Blade Adaptive Wind-Discharge Reflective Ecological Energy Collection System (Invention Patent Application No.: 202611289409.9)" utilizes a bionic reflector structure that adaptively discharges wind due to wind deflection and automatically resets upon wind pressure drop, making it suitable for enhancing the efficiency of photovoltaic projects in various scenarios such as farmland, Gobi Desert, coastal areas, deserts, and mountains. However, this technical solution is not specifically adapted to the desertification control needs of sandy and Gobi desert areas, does not integrate ecological governance functions such as sand fixation, moisture conservation, and revegetation, and does not meet the requirements for integrated photovoltaic desertification control construction.

[0006] The applicant's prior-developed "T-type photovoltaic cable power generation system and T-type photovoltaic rod (CN119210278B)" adopts a combination structure of side-mounted double-sided photovoltaic panels and flat-lying rigid reflectors, enabling the double-sided photovoltaic panels to simultaneously receive direct sunlight and mirror-reflected light, effectively improving the utilization rate of photovoltaic power generation resources. However, the flat-lying rigid reflectors in this technology have a large windward area and extremely high static wind load, requiring high-specification mirror frames and multiple support and reinforcement structures. This results in problems such as high material consumption, high civil engineering and installation costs, and high operation and maintenance difficulties, making it unsuitable for photovoltaic desertification control applications in sandy and barren areas with frequent strong winds, harsh construction and operation conditions, and strict control of construction costs.

[0007] Existing conventional photovoltaic systems uniformly adopt a single south-facing fixed optimal tilt angle installation method, resulting in a typical midday single-peak characteristic in power generation. Power generation is low in the morning and evening, with excessively high peak power at midday, leading to large peak-to-valley differences and drastic power fluctuations throughout the day, severely impacting grid stability and renewable energy absorption efficiency. To address this industry pain point of excessive peak-to-valley fluctuations in photovoltaic output, the applicant previously developed the "Near-Horizon Ecological Photovoltaic System (CN122137321A)." However, this technology only optimizes the photovoltaic output curve and improves power generation stability; it does not address the core needs of desertification control and ecological restoration in arid regions, lacks supporting ecological governance functions, and fails to achieve synergistic promotion of power generation efficiency and ecological desertification control.

[0009] In summary, the current field of photovoltaic desertification control faces numerous pressing technical and industry challenges: First, traditional photovoltaic desertification control technologies have high construction and operation and maintenance costs, leading to low willingness among enterprises to engage in independent governance and difficulty in guaranteeing ecological restoration effects. Second, conventional photovoltaic power generation systems exhibit imbalanced output curves, with excessively high peak power generation at midday and significant intraday peak-to-valley differences, resulting in significant pressure on the power grid. Third, existing reflective photovoltaic technologies generally suffer from drawbacks such as high structural wind load, poor adaptability to sand and wind resistance, and high construction costs, making them unsuitable for the complex conditions of desert and Gobi areas. The existing technological system struggles to simultaneously meet the multiple demands of efficient peak-shifting power generation, low-cost operation and maintenance, and long-term ecological desertification control. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a lightweight, low-wind-load, low-cost integrated photovoltaic desertification control system that can simultaneously achieve photovoltaic peak-shifting power generation and automated ecological sand fixation and restoration. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The purpose of this invention is to address the numerous technical shortcomings and ecological defects of existing photovoltaic power plants in desert and Gobi areas. Specifically, it addresses the issues of traditional photovoltaic modules' single tilt angle for sunlight reception, concentrated midday power output, large intraday peak-valley fluctuations, and significant grid absorption pressure; existing reflective efficiency enhancement structures suffer from high wind loads, high construction costs, and significant disturbance to the native land surface; conventional photovoltaic systems lack ecological desertification control and moisture conservation functions, easily exacerbating local desertification; and existing technologies struggle to simultaneously achieve efficient power generation and coordinated desertification control. Therefore, this invention provides a photovoltaic desertification control and ecological efficiency-enhancing off-peak power generation system.

[0011] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution.

[0012] An ecological efficiency-enhancing peak-shaving power generation system includes several sets of photovoltaic arrays deployed on the surface of desert and Gobi wasteland remediation areas. The photovoltaic arrays include support brackets and high bifaciality bifacial photovoltaic modules. Preferably, bifacial photovoltaic modules with a bifaciality of 70% to 100% are used to fully adapt to the scenario of enhancing the efficiency of double-sided light reception.

[0013] The bifacial photovoltaic modules are vertically installed on the sandy ground using the brackets, abandoning the traditional south-facing tilt installation method. This allows the normal of one panel of the bifacial photovoltaic module to face either the east or the west. The east direction is defined as 0°–45° southward and 0°–20° northward from due east. The west direction is defined as 0°–20° northward and 0°–45° southward from due west. This orientation allows for differentiated and efficient sunlight reception during morning and evening hours, effectively smoothing out peak power generation at midday and adapting to off-peak power generation needs.

[0014] This invention restricts the northward offset angle for both the eastern and western regions, requiring the normal to offset northward by no more than 20°. Conversely, if the northward offset exceeds 20°, the solar incidence angle in most desert and Gobi areas of my country will deteriorate drastically in the mornings during winter, significantly reducing the efficiency of direct sunlight during peak morning electricity consumption. A larger southward offset of 0–45° is allowed to accommodate the southeastern sunlight conditions in winter and spring mornings. Exceeding this range will either worsen the direct sunlight reception during peak winter mornings or make it difficult to match the reflected light path with the inter-row reflective and ventilated shading net, resulting in significant deviation of reflected light from the module surface. This specific azimuth range is obtained by balancing year-round peak-shifting power generation with the directional reflective coupling of the net, and is not a conventional arbitrary angle offset. This orientation enables differentiated and efficient sunlight reception during morning and evening hours, effectively mitigating peak midday power generation and meeting peak-shifting power generation needs.

[0015] A reflective, breathable, and shading net is erected above the bare ground between the rows of the photovoltaic array. The reflective, breathable, and shading net has ventilation gaps and a reflective surface, and has multiple functions such as ventilation, light transmission, rain transmission, wind protection, reflection, shading, sand fixation, and moisture retention. While improving the overall power generation efficiency, it can block some direct strong sunlight from hitting the bare ground between the rows, significantly reduce the solar radiation intensity between the rows, effectively inhibit the severe evaporation of soil moisture in sandy areas, improve the microenvironment between the rows of the array, avoid the problems of strong sunlight exposure and aggravated desertification in the bare ground between the rows of traditional photovoltaic power stations, and continuously promote regional vegetation growth and ecological restoration.

[0016] The reflective, permeable shading net and the surface of the bifacial photovoltaic module form a fixed dihedral angle α, which ranges from 52.8° to 90°. Dihedral angle α refers to the plane angle of the dihedral angle formed by the intersection of the reflective, permeable shading net plane and the bifacial photovoltaic module surface, representing the spatial angle between the two planes. By limiting the optimal angle range and matching the variation of the solar altitude angle in the desert region, the optimal synergy between reflective enhancement and shading moisture retention can be ensured. 52.8° is the critical lower limit for coupled peak-shifting power generation: if α is less than this value, the net encroaches on the direct sunlight path during peak electricity consumption in the morning and evening, resulting in direct light loss exceeding the benefit of reflected supplementary lighting; α=90° is the geometric upper limit, where the net surface is perpendicular to the module surface, theoretically optimizing the reflected light path. However, a small amount of rainfall in the desert region can cause water accumulation on the net, hindering flushing and drainage. Simultaneously, changes in the shape of the wind-receiving surface of the net will increase the overall wind load. Therefore, 52.8°~90° is not a wide angle of simple optical reflection, but a coordinated range obtained by simultaneously constraining multiple constraints such as "not blocking direct sunlight in the morning and evening + reflected light onto the component + drainage + wind load".

[0017] The reflective and shading net is deployed on the east and west sides of the bifacial photovoltaic module. It can stably reflect the intercepted sunlight onto the light-receiving surface of the bifacial photovoltaic module on the corresponding side, so that the light-receiving surface of the bifacial photovoltaic module can simultaneously receive direct sunlight and reflected light from the shading net. This improves the amount of sunlight received by the module and the power generation efficiency throughout the day, and realizes lightweight, low wind load and low cost photovoltaic efficiency improvement transformation.

[0018] Preferably, the ground beneath the reflective, permeable, and shading net is planted with low-growing, shade-tolerant, and drought-resistant vegetation. This vegetation can be any one or more of the following: sand onion, alfalfa, isatis root, potato, and leek, achieving agricultural-solar complementarity and ecological restoration of sandy land. The reflective, permeable, and shading net can weaken direct sunlight and reduce surface evaporation, adapting to crop growth needs, thereby achieving agricultural-solar complementarity. Here, two types of light requirements need to be coordinated: for photovoltaic modules, direct sunlight during the morning and evening peak hours needs to be retained and superimposed with reflected light; for the low-growing crops below, the net should block excessively strong direct sunlight at midday, while retaining diffused and scattered light passing through the ventilation gaps to supply the crops.

[0019] Preferably, α is 61.5° to 88.85°; or, α is 72.5° to 87.14°. 61.5° to 88.85° is the first preferred sub-range, which, while avoiding direct sunlight in the early morning and late evening, takes into account the reflectivity gain, drainage, and wind load of ordinary sandy areas; 72.5° to 87.14° is the second, narrower preferred sub-range, which is specifically adapted to the typical working conditions of sandy deserts with little rain and frequent strong winds in Northwest my country. Within this range, the utilization rate of reflected light is further increased, while rainwater can be smoothly discharged along the net surface, and the increase in wind load is controllable.

[0020] Preferably, the bifaciality of the bifacial photovoltaic module is ≥80%, 90%, or 95%, with 100% being optimal. Bifaciality characterizes the photoelectric conversion capability of the back side of the module to reflected light. When the bifaciality reaches 100%, both the front and back sides of the module have equal photoelectric response capabilities to incident light, maximizing the utilization of light energy reflected from the reflective, ventilated, and shading net onto the back side of the module, and fully releasing the power generation gain from reflected supplementary lighting. Due to limitations in existing mass-produced photovoltaic cell technology, achieving a true 100% bifaciality is difficult in practical engineering; 100% is the theoretically optimal ideal value. For practical applications, bifacial photovoltaic modules with a bifaciality as close to 100% as possible are preferred.

[0021] Preferably, the aperture ratio of the reflective and permeable shading net is 24%–30%, and the reflective area is 70%–76%; or, the aperture ratio is 18%–23%, and the reflective area is 77%–82%; or, the aperture ratio is 10%–17%, and the reflective area is 83%–90%. These ranges represent a trade-off between reflective area and permeability. A higher aperture ratio and a lower reflective area result in stronger permeability and lower wind load, making it more suitable for strong wind conditions in desert areas. However, the effective area for reflective lighting decreases, leading to a reduction in power generation gain. Conversely, a lower aperture ratio and a higher reflective area result in greater reflective flux and higher reflective lighting benefits for the double-sided modules. However, this increases the overall wind load on the net and raises the wind resistance requirements for the frame and tension structure. In engineering, the appropriate mesh material can be selected within the aforementioned range based on the local wind and sand intensity: a high-aperture ratio scheme should be used in windy areas with strong winds to prioritize wind load control; a low-aperture ratio scheme should be used in areas with weaker winds to prioritize maximizing reflective lighting and the effect of ground shading, moisture retention, and sand fixation between rows. Although there is an objective inverse relationship between the aperture ratio and reflective area of ​​the mesh material, the three sets of parameters in this invention are not random values ​​for ordinary performance trade-offs: each set of parameters simultaneously constrains three indicators: ① effective light flux of directional reflection; ② overall wind load of the mesh; ③ ground shading, moisture retention, and evaporation suppression effect between rows. The endpoints of each set of intervals are the inflection points where these three factors are coupled. The first set is suitable for strong wind areas, the second for moderate wind and sand areas, and the third for areas with light winds and strong sunlight. Beyond these sets, either the wind load will exceed limits, the reflective gain will be insufficient, or the ground shading will be inadequate to meet the requirements for sand control and moisture retention. This system relies on the aperture ratio parameters of the reflective and breathable shading net to balance the power generation of the components and the light exposure of the crops. It is not simply about placing crops under the shading net. It needs to be coordinated and matched with the aperture and dihedral parameters of the net to avoid either excessive light suppressing the crops and causing them to not grow, or the ground surface being exposed to the sun and losing its moisture retention and desertification control effects.

[0022] Preferably, the reflective and permeable shading net has permeable gaps and a reflective surface. The reflective surface is a planar reflective mesh area, the permeable gaps allow for ventilation, and the planar reflective mesh area provides reflection. The planar reflective mesh area uniformly faces the light-receiving surface. This structure features a functional zoning design for the mesh body. The permeable gaps allow airflow to pass directly through the mesh body, which can divert and relieve wind pressure, reduce the overall wind load, adapt to the frequent strong winds in desert and Gobi areas, reduce the investment in support reinforcement, and improve the reliability of structural operation. The planar reflective mesh area, as an optical reflection unit, is uniformly set facing the light-receiving surface of the module, which can form a directional reflective surface with controllable direction. This avoids the disordered diffuse scattering produced by traditional woven mesh, reduces light loss, and allows sunlight to be concentrated on the light-receiving surface of the bifacial photovoltaic module, ensuring the efficiency of reflective supplementary lighting and meeting the dual requirements of wind resistance safety and power generation efficiency. Ordinary shade nets and sand-suppressing nets have random mesh orientation, which can only diffuse reflection and cannot direct light onto the vertical double-sided component panel. This invention unifies the orientation of the reflective mesh area toward the light-receiving surface. This is a dedicated structure that works in conjunction with the east / west vertical components of this system and a specific dihedral angle, and is not an inherent design of ordinary reflective nets.

[0023] Preferably, the equivalent aperture of the ventilation gap is 8mm to 80mm, and more preferably 25mm to 35mm. Here, the equivalent aperture is calculated by converting the actual opening area of ​​the irregularly shaped ventilation gap into the diameter corresponding to a circular hole of the same area. Since the ventilation gaps of this invention can be rectangular, U-shaped, or other non-circular openings, using an equivalent aperture facilitates a unified characterization of the ventilation capacity of the gaps; this aperture range is used to balance the ventilation and pressure relief capacity of the mesh with the overall structural strength. If the equivalent aperture is too small, the ventilation throughput is insufficient, and the wind load on the mesh increases; if the equivalent aperture is too large, it will weaken the overall structural strength of the mesh, and at the same time, reduce the proportion of reflective mesh, decreasing the reflective supplementary lighting effect. The preferred range of 25mm to 35mm can better balance the relationship between ventilation and pressure relief, structural strength, and reflective gain under desert conditions. 8mm lower limit: If the aperture is less than 8mm, sand and dust in desert areas will easily clog the pores, leading to a decline in ventilation performance over long-term operation; 80mm upper limit: If the aperture exceeds 80mm, the proportion of reflective mesh per unit area will decrease significantly, and the local structural rigidity of the mesh will be insufficient. 8mm and 80mm are coupled boundaries obtained by considering the risk of sand accumulation and clogging in desert areas, structural rigidity, and reflectivity gain; they are not arbitrary selections of aperture size for ordinary sand-suppressing meshes.

[0024] Preferably, the east and west ends of the reflective and permeable shading net are fixed to the supports of two adjacent photovoltaic arrays, and the middle of the reflective and permeable shading net is supported, thus forming two reflective and permeable shading nets facing the light-receiving surface respectively. This setting directly reuses the original supports of the photovoltaic array to achieve tensioning and fixing of the shading net, without the need for additional large-scale construction of independent column supports, realizing the sharing of support structure, reducing the consumption of new components and materials and civil construction, and significantly reducing the overall construction cost of the reflective and permeable shading net. After being supported in the middle, the net body is divided into two sets of reflective and permeable shading nets facing different directions, which can respectively correspond to the incident sunlight from the east in the morning and the west in the evening, and directionally reflect the light to the corresponding double-sided photovoltaic module panels, matching the light path requirements of the system for staggered power generation in the morning and evening. At the same time, the net body is erected above the rows, simultaneously completing the shading and moisture retention of the sand between the rows, taking into account multiple effects of structural economy, reflective supplementary lighting and ecological management. This invention features a central support forming a bidirectional slope, which is coupled one-to-one with the optical paths of the vertical east-west and west-east modules, specifically designed to accommodate peak-shifting power generation during morning and evening hours. If replaced with an independent column, not only would the cost increase, but the spatial position of the bidirectional slope would also be difficult to match with the original array geometry, leading to the failure of the reflected optical path. This installation structure is strongly coupled with the overall optical path and peak-shifting target of the system, and is not a universal tensioning and fixing method.

[0025] Preferably, the reflective and breathable shading net integrates elastic lenses; the elastic lenses are provided with pre-tensioned internal stress and an initial wind pressure load critical threshold; when the wind pressure is lower than the initial wind pressure load, the elastic lenses maintain a preset reflective tilt angle; when the wind pressure is higher than the initial wind pressure load, the elastic lenses undergo elastic deformation, increasing the ventilation opening of the net to achieve airflow relief and pressure release; when the wind pressure drops, the elastic lenses automatically reset themselves based on their own elastic restoring force. This structure is a passive adaptive adjustment mechanism, requiring no sensors, electronic control, or external driving energy. Under normal low wind pressure conditions, the elastic lenses maintain a fixed reflective tilt angle, ensuring the continuous performance of directional reflection supplementary lighting, achieving power generation gain and inter-row shading and moisture retention; when encountering strong winds exceeding the critical wind pressure threshold, the lenses undergo elastic deformation to actively expand the ventilation opening, guiding airflow, reducing the wind load on the net, and preventing deformation and damage to the net and support structure caused by strong winds; after the wind pressure decreases, the lenses automatically reset themselves based on their own pre-tensioned internal stress, restoring their reflective working posture. This design balances enhanced reflectivity under normal conditions with structural safety under high winds, adapting to the complex environment of deserts and wastelands prone to strong winds, and reducing reinforcement costs and the frequency of subsequent maintenance and repairs. The elastic lens is a deformable reflective unit integrated into the reflective and permeable shading net substrate; it is a component of the reflective and permeable shading net, not a separate component independent of it. The reflective surface of the elastic lens and the reflective mesh area together form the overall reflective surface.

[0026] The initial wind pressure load critical threshold is determined by the elastic modulus, thickness, dimensions, and pre-tension internal stress of the elastic lens material. The embodiments in the specification provide various specific structures such as four-leaf, U-shaped, and strip-shaped. Those skilled in the art can achieve controllable wind pressure thresholds by adjusting the material, thickness, and pre-tension based on the local maximum instantaneous wind pressure (once every 10 years). This functional feature has corresponding structural, material, and technological support and is not simply a functional limitation. Existing wind-relief nets and windbreak nets mostly only aim to relieve wind and do not undertake directional reflective power generation. The elastic lens of this invention must maintain a precise reflective tilt angle under normal conditions to project reflected light onto the component; it only deforms to relieve wind during strong winds, and must return to its original reflective angle after the wind pressure recovers. Ordinary wind-relief components do not possess the constraint of "restoring a specific reflective tilt angle after deformation," therefore, it is not a simple direct application of known elastic pressure relief components.

[0027] The working principle of this invention is as follows.

[0028] This invention abandons the traditional photovoltaic module layout of a single south-facing tilt angle and concentrated output at midday. Instead, it adopts a vertically mounted bifacial photovoltaic module structure, with the normals of the two panels of the bifacial photovoltaic module corresponding to the east and west sides respectively. Based on the bidirectional light-receiving structure of the module, it can achieve time-differentiated and efficient power generation: in the morning, when there is abundant eastern sunlight, the east-facing panel of the module efficiently receives sunlight to generate electricity; in the evening, when there is abundant western sunlight, the west-facing panel of the module fully captures light energy, making up for the shortfall in power generation at night. This structure effectively increases the power generation of the photovoltaic system during the low-peak hours in the morning and evening, significantly smooths out the peak power generation at midday, and solves the industry pain points of traditional photovoltaic power plants, such as concentrated single peak output, large peak-valley difference, and drastic fluctuations during the day. It enables the power plant to achieve stable power generation during off-peak hours, optimizes the daily output curve of the entire region, and significantly improves the grid connection and absorption capacity and power supply stability of new energy grids.

[0029] This invention deploys reflective, breathable, and shading nets between adjacent photovoltaic array rows, forming a dual synergistic mechanism for power generation efficiency and ecological desertification control, possessing two core functional advantages. Firstly, it provides ecological desertification control and moisture conservation: the reflective, breathable, and shading nets effectively block direct sunlight from the sandy and barren areas between rows, weakening the intensity of solar radiation and significantly reducing the rate of soil moisture evaporation. This improves the harsh microenvironment of high temperature, drought, and strong radiation between the array rows, providing favorable growth conditions for the propagation and natural revegetation of desert vegetation, gradually achieving regional ecological restoration, stabilizing the surface structure of the sandy land, and inhibiting wind erosion and the aggravation of desertification. On the other hand, the solar energy supplementation and efficiency enhancement function: relying on the exclusive dihedral structure between the reflective and ventilated shading net and the double-sided photovoltaic module, the shading net can stably receive direct sunlight and accurately project the reflected beam onto the light-receiving surface of the corresponding double-sided photovoltaic module. This allows the double-sided photovoltaic module to simultaneously capture direct sunlight and reflected light from the net, significantly improving the amount of light received per unit area of ​​the module and the light energy utilization rate, effectively improving the overall power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic system, and achieving lightweight, low-cost power generation efficiency enhancement.

[0030] Meanwhile, the reflective and permeable shading net used in this invention features a multi-porous, permeable structure design, highly adaptable to the harsh conditions of strong winds and heavy dust storms in desert and Gobi areas. It effectively guides airflow, disperses wind pressure, and reduces the overall static and dynamic wind load on the system. It requires no high-specification civil engineering reinforcement structures, offering advantages such as convenient installation, low maintenance costs, and strong operational stability, enabling long-term stable operation. This invention limits the effective range of the dihedral angle α between the reflective and permeable shading net and the module panel to 52.8°–90°, and provides two preferred narrow ranges: 61.5°–88.85° and 72.5°–87.14°, to accommodate the refined adjustment needs of different regional lighting conditions. 52.8° is the critical lower limit angle; when the dihedral angle is below this value, the shading net easily blocks direct sunlight during the morning and evening hours, weakening the amount of light received by the modules and causing a decrease in system power generation efficiency, failing to achieve the design goal of peak-shifting efficiency enhancement.

[0031] This invention allows for the adaptation of bifacial photovoltaic modules of different specifications based on the local solar resources and power generation efficiency requirements. In addition to the general selection standard of a basic bifaciality of ≥70%, high bifaciality photovoltaic modules with ≥80%, ≥90%, or ≥95% can be preferentially selected. The higher the bifaciality of the modules, the better the compatibility with passive supplemental lighting using reflective, ventilated, and shading nets, and the more significant the gain in light reception on both sides, further amplifying the system's overall power generation efficiency advantages throughout the day.

[0032] To balance the system's high wind resistance and efficient reflective power generation, this invention finely defines the structural proportions of the reflective and permeable shading net, setting a ratio coefficient F / T between the reflective and permeable areas (where F is the total area of ​​the reflective net and T is the total area of ​​the permeable gaps). This ratio can be controllably configured with multiple gradient parameters such as ≥0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, or 3 to adapt to areas with varying wind and sand intensities and differentiated power generation needs. A low gradient ratio focuses on increasing the net's permeability and strengthening the system's wind resistance and pressure relief capabilities, making it suitable for extreme operating conditions with strong winds and frequent sandstorms. A high gradient ratio increases the effective reflective area, improves passive lighting efficiency, maximizes the system's power generation efficiency, and achieves a dynamic balance between operating condition adaptability and power generation performance.

[0033] The reflective and permeable shading net of this invention adopts an integrated structural modular design, consisting of a regular reflective mesh body and an array of permeable gaps, with clear functional zoning and strong structural adaptability. The through-type permeable gaps can efficiently guide high-speed airflow, significantly reducing the wind pressure on the mesh body and the overall load, making it structurally suitable for harsh working conditions in desert and Gobi deserts with strong winds. The reflective mesh body is uniformly oriented towards the light-receiving surface of the photovoltaic modules, and is set as a flat reflective plane, which ensures that the reflected sunlight is concentrated and the reflection direction is uniform, avoiding light energy loss caused by disordered diffuse reflection, and ensuring the stability and efficiency of the all-day supplemental lighting effect.

[0034] Furthermore, this invention employs a support-tensioned assembly structure. The reflective, ventilated, and shading net is tensioned and fixed at its east and west ends to the support supports of two adjacent photovoltaic arrays, while the middle section is supported by a uniformly distributed support structure, forming a flat net body into two sets of sloping reflective, ventilated, and shading nets corresponding to the east and west directions, respectively. This structure can precisely match the bifacial photovoltaic module panels arranged in both east and west directions, adapting to the time-sharing supplementary lighting needs of east-facing sunlight in the morning and west-facing sunlight in the evening. This aligns perfectly with the core mechanism of peak-shaving power generation in the system, effectively improving the utilization rate of light energy and power generation gain during the low-energy-generating periods in the morning and evening, and further optimizing the power station's intraday output curve.

[0035] The reflective, permeable, and sun-shading net integrates elastic lenses. These lenses are pre-stressed and have an initial wind pressure load threshold, which is the wind pressure condition that triggers the elastic lenses to deform and deflect. In windless conditions or low-wind conditions where the ambient wind pressure is lower than the initial wind pressure load, the elastic lenses maintain a fixed reflective angle and a stable reflective posture due to their pre-stressed internal tension, continuously and accurately reflecting sunlight onto the light-receiving surface of the bifacial photovoltaic modules, ensuring optimal power generation efficiency. When the ambient wind pressure exceeds the initial wind pressure load, entering a high-wind condition, the elastic lenses undergo adaptive elastic bending or torsion under wind pressure, actively increasing the effective ventilation opening of the net, achieving automatic airflow relief and reducing system wind load, thus preventing damage to the equipment structure from strong winds. When the ambient wind pressure drops below the initial wind pressure load, the elastic lens automatically resets itself by relying on its own elastic restoring force, shrinks the ventilation opening and returns to the preset standard reflective tilt angle, quickly restores the stable supplementary lighting working state, and realizes the adaptive dynamic switching between wind protection and continuous power generation efficiency.

[0036] This invention, by reconstructing the photovoltaic array layout and adopting a lightweight, low-wind-load efficiency-enhancing structure, breaks through the limitations of traditional single-southward fixed-tilt solar reception, effectively improving the utilization rate of solar resources throughout the day and area, smoothing peak power generation at midday, and compensating for the short power output in the morning and evening. This achieves stable peak-shifting power generation for photovoltaic power plants, reduces the pressure on new energy grid connection and peak regulation, and significantly improves the overall power generation efficiency of the power plant. Simultaneously, this invention addresses the urgent need for ecological restoration in desert and Gobi areas, integrating a lightweight structure for sand fixation, moisture retention, shading, and reflective enhancement. This effectively reduces surface light intensity between array rows, inhibits soil moisture evaporation, and stabilizes the surface structure of sandy land, creating a favorable microenvironment for vegetation growth and natural revegetation. This achieves long-term desert ecological restoration, solving the industry problems of existing photovoltaic technologies that prioritize power generation over ecology, have poor adaptability to operating conditions, and have high costs for desertification control. Ultimately, it achieves multiple synergistic effects of efficient new energy development, grid-friendly absorption, and precise desert ecological restoration.

[0037] It should be noted that this invention is not a simple superposition of known components such as "vertical bifacial modules and shading nets". In existing technologies, vertical bifacial photovoltaic systems are mostly used to simply increase power generation; ordinary shading nets aim to block sunlight and protect seedlings but neglect reflective gain; ordinary sand barrier nets only stabilize sand and lack directional reflective supplementary lighting capabilities. The core of this invention lies in coupling the orientation of the Pan-East / Pan-West vertical modules, specific dihedral geometric constraints, a directional reflective-ventilated net with functional zones, reuse of existing support structures to form bidirectional inclined surfaces, and optional integrated passive elastic lens wind-dissipating structures, while simultaneously satisfying three mutually restrictive constraints: ① not blocking direct sunlight during peak hours to ensure off-peak power generation; ② directional reflective supplementary lighting to increase power generation; ③ inter-row shading to suppress evaporation and achieve desert ecological restoration; and ③ controlling overall wind load to avoid damage from strong winds in desert areas. The parameter ranges are not arbitrarily selected from conventional limited-time experiments, but rather collaborative working ranges obtained under multiple coupled constraints. Each feature is mutually restrictive and interdependent, and not independently selectable.

[0038] Compared with existing technologies, this invention combines the sunlight characteristics of desert areas, the grid absorption requirements, and the rigid needs of desert ecological governance. Through structural innovation, parameter optimization, and passive adaptive structural design, it achieves multi-dimensional breakthroughs in power generation performance, ecological benefits, and engineering economy, and has the following significant beneficial effects.

[0039] Firstly, it reshapes the intraday power output curve to achieve grid-friendly peak-shaving and stable power generation. Addressing the pain points of traditional photovoltaic (PV) systems with a single south-facing tilt angle, such as midday power surges, significant morning and evening power shortages, large peak-valley differences, and severe grid connection fluctuations, this invention employs a bifacial PV module vertically arranged structure facing east-west. Leveraging the bidirectional light-receiving characteristics of the modules, it fully utilizes the high-quality sunlight resources from the east in the morning and the west in the evening, effectively increasing power generation during the morning and evening off-peak hours and smoothing out midday peak power generation. This completely changes the traditional single-peak abrupt power output pattern of PV systems, significantly reducing the intraday peak-valley difference, alleviating the grid peak-shaving and absorption pressure brought about by large-scale PV grid-connected systems, and significantly improving the grid connection stability and overall power generation economy of PV power plants.

[0040] Secondly, this invention revitalizes the entire area's solar resources, achieving passive and efficient power generation. By defining the optimal dihedral angle range between the photovoltaic modules and the reflective, ventilated, and shading net, it constructs a dual-light-receiving system of "direct light + directional reflected light," enabling secondary resource utilization of solar energy. Combined with the dual-sided light-receiving performance of high-bifaciality photovoltaic modules, it effectively improves the effective light-receiving time and light energy utilization rate of the modules, compensating for the insufficient sunlight utilization in desert areas during the early morning and late evening. Without adding new power equipment or relying on iterative upgrades to module efficiency, it steadily increases the overall power generation and cumulative power output of the power station, achieving lightweight, low-cost, and sustainable power generation efficiency improvement.

[0041] Third, it significantly reduces the cost of dedicated desertification control and enhances enterprises' enthusiasm for project construction. Addressing the industry challenges of high investment, low returns, insufficient corporate willingness to engage in desertification control, and superficial results in existing photovoltaic projects in desert areas, this invention integrates ecological desertification control functions with photovoltaic power generation structures. Relying on the shading, wind-blocking, and moisture-retaining properties of the inter-row reflective and permeable shading net, it can independently achieve the ecological governance goals of suppressing evaporation, consolidating shifting sand, and promoting revegetation in sandy areas. This eliminates the need for enterprises to invest additional funds in dedicated desertification control, avoids the construction and cost of existing grid sand barriers in bare land, and requires no construction equipment or maintenance manpower. It meets the ecological acceptance standards for photovoltaic projects in desertified land, significantly reducing the costs of supporting desertification control and subsequent ecological maintenance. This fundamentally solves the industry pain points of "heavy burden, low willingness, and weak effect" in photovoltaic desertification control, effectively mobilizing enterprises' enthusiasm for participating in the construction of new energy bases in desert areas.

[0042] Fourth, this invention improves the microenvironment of sandy land, achieving synergistic restoration of desert ecology through new energy development. Intense sunlight and severe water evaporation on bare land in sandy deserts are the core causes of exacerbated desertification. This invention utilizes reflective and breathable shade netting installed between rows to effectively block direct sunlight and weaken surface radiation intensity, significantly inhibiting ineffective evaporation of soil moisture in sandy areas. This improves the harsh microenvironment of high temperature and drought between rows, providing stable and favorable conditions for seed germination, plant growth, and community propagation of sandy vegetation. It can gradually achieve natural revegetation of sandy land, stabilize shifting sand dunes, and curb the spread of wind and sand, truly realizing the long-term governance of desert ecology empowered by photovoltaic development, achieving a win-win situation for energy construction and ecological restoration.

[0043] Fifth, the low-wind-load, lightweight structure significantly reduces construction and operation costs. Addressing the shortcomings of existing reflective enhancement structures—large windward area, high wind load, requirement for expensive civil engineering reinforcement, and poor adaptability to harsh desert and Gobi conditions—this invention employs a porous, permeable mesh structure. This efficiently guides strong winds and disperses wind pressure, significantly reducing the overall wind load on the system from a structural perspective. The equipment requires no high-specification supports or civil engineering reinforcement systems, is easy to assemble, lightweight, and exhibits excellent wind and sand resistance. It is suitable for extreme conditions in desert and Gobi environments characterized by strong winds, intense radiation, and abundant dust, significantly reducing project costs for civil engineering, equipment, and construction. Simultaneously, it reduces the frequency of maintenance due to wind and sand wear and structural deformation, resulting in low operation and maintenance costs, making it suitable for large-scale, widespread application.

[0044] Sixth, multi-level parameter gradient configuration with an extremely wide working condition adaptation range. The present invention constructs an accurately layered core parameter system, which not only sets a basic general dihedral angle range of 52.8° to 90°, but also configures multiple sets of refined preferred narrow angle ranges, and is simultaneously equipped with multi-gradient light reflecting / ventilation area ratio parameters. The optimal parameter combination can be flexibly matched according to the latitude and illumination difference, sandstorm intensity grade, and power generation efficiency improvement demand at the project location, taking into account the wind resistance safety threshold and light reflection and supplementary lighting efficiency in different regions, solving the problems of single parameter, poor adaptability and insufficient targeting of traditional photovoltaic efficiency improvement structures, with extremely strong technical universality and engineering feasibility.

[0045] Seventh, the integrated functional structure design realizes the optimal coupling of power generation and ecological effects. The present invention adopts the process of tensioning at both ends and supporting in the middle, so that the mesh body naturally forms east-west bidirectional inclined light reflecting planes, which accurately matches the time-sharing supplementary lighting demand of east-west vertical photovoltaic modules. Combined with the functional partition design of the directional regular light reflecting planes and the through-type ventilation gaps, it integrates multiple functions of "directional and accurate supplementary lighting, efficient ventilation and pressure relief, and global surface soil moisture preservation", completely solving the technical defects of traditional light reflecting structures such as scattered light paths, large light energy loss, excessive wind load and single function, and ensuring the simultaneous optimization of the system's triple effects of power generation efficiency improvement, wind resistance stability and ecological management.

[0046] Eighth, passive adaptive intelligent adjustment breaks through the working condition adaptation bottleneck of traditional structures. The present invention innovatively integrates a passive adjustment structure of elastic lenses with pre-tightening internal stress, realizing passive adaptive working condition switching relying on mechanical properties, without the need to install sensors, electronic control systems and external energy sources. Under normal low wind conditions, the lenses maintain a fixed inclination angle for stable light reflection to ensure continuous power generation efficiency improvement; under strong wind conditions, they can adaptively bend to release pressure and increase the ventilation opening to avoid structural damage caused by strong wind; when the wind pressure drops, they automatically reset to quickly restore the supplementary lighting function. The extremely simple passive structure realizes intelligent dynamic adaptation, completely breaks through the shortcomings of traditional fixed structures such as rigid parameters and poor adaptability to extreme working conditions, and greatly improves the all-weather service stability, environmental adaptability and service life of the equipment of the system. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0047] Figure 1 It is a diagram of the on-site construction scene of the traditional sand control project supporting the photovoltaic project in desert, gobi and barren areas in the prior art; most of the existing photovoltaic sand control modes rely on manually laid straw checkerboard sand barriers, and such passive sand control facilities only have the functions of sand fixation and soil protection, cannot provide power generation gain for the photovoltaic power station, and have no direct operational economic return. The investment in project sand control is completely self-raised by enterprises, which belongs to a pure cost-type supporting project, resulting in insufficient governance enthusiasm of most construction enterprises, and widespread industry problems such as perfunctory construction, absent maintenance, and substandard sand control effects.

[0048] Figure 2This is a top-view diagram of a traditional woven shade net. In traditional woven shade nets, the orientation and angle of the wires in each section of the mesh area are randomly distributed, making it impossible to form a uniform optical reflective surface. After sunlight shines on it, it easily produces multi-directional diffuse scattering, with the vast majority of reflected light energy lost to the surrounding environment and high altitudes. Only a very small amount of light can occasionally reach the surface of the photovoltaic modules. It only provides basic shading and ventilation functions, lacking the ability to provide directional reflective supplementary lighting or enhance power generation efficiency, and thus cannot achieve the synergistic benefits of photovoltaic power generation and ecological desertification control.

[0049] Figure 3 This is a partial top view of the canvas-type reflective and permeable shading net with ventilation gaps according to the present invention. The mesh area of ​​the net is a regular reflective plane with a uniform tilt angle and fixed orientation, which can realize directional reflection of sunlight, solve the defects of diffuse reflection and large light loss of traditional woven nets, and can accurately reflect most of the incident sunlight to the light-receiving surface of photovoltaic modules, thereby achieving passive supplemental lighting and efficiency enhancement.

[0050] Figure 4 This is a partial top view of the reflective and breathable sunshade net equipped with a four-leaf elastic lens of the present invention. The structure is composed of a steel wire mesh substrate, a four-leaf elastic lens, and a breathable gap. It can achieve dynamic switching between normal stable reflection and wind-adaptive unloading and reset in strong winds, taking into account both power generation efficiency and wind resistance and structural stability.

[0051] Figure 5 This is a top view of the reflective, ventilated, and sunshade net with a U-shaped elastic lens, which is die-cut and formed according to the present invention. The whole is composed of a rectangular frame, elastic reflective sheet, U-shaped elastic lens and ventilation gap integrated together. The structure is regular, the functional areas are clear, and it can be mass die-cut and formed with strong engineering adaptability.

[0052] Figure 6 for Figure 5 The diagram shows the working mechanism of the AB section. The solid line represents the static reflective longitudinal section of the elastic lens under no wind / low wind conditions, the dashed line represents the deflection and airflow relief of the elastic lens under high wind conditions, and the arrows indicate the airflow direction. This visually demonstrates the working mechanism of the lens's adaptive pressure relief and reset.

[0053] Figure 7 This is a top view schematic diagram of the reflective and breathable sunshade net equipped with strip-shaped elastic lenses according to the present invention; it consists of a rectangular frame, strip-shaped elastic lenses and breathable gaps. The lens structure is simple and the deformation response is sensitive, making it suitable for the normal high wind fluctuation conditions in desert and Gobi areas.

[0054] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the optical path cross-section of the ecological efficiency-enhancing peak-shaving power generation system of the present invention during the morning period; it shows the optical path distribution characteristics of the direct sunlight from the east in the morning, which is then directionally reflected by the shading net and projected onto the east side panel of the bifacial photovoltaic module.

[0055] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the optical path cross-section of the ecological efficiency-enhancing peak-shaving power generation system of the present invention during the noon period; it shows the optical path distribution characteristics of direct sunlight and bidirectional reflected supplementary light during the noon strong light period, so as to achieve uniform supplementary light during the noon peak period and smooth out peak abrupt changes.

[0056] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the optical path cross-section of the eco-efficient peak-shaving power generation system of the present invention during the afternoon period; it shows the optical path distribution characteristics of the westward direct sunlight in the evening, which is projected onto the west side of the bifacial photovoltaic module after being directionally reflected by the shading net.

[0057] The following are the symbols and their meanings: 1-Photovoltaic array, 2-Reflective and ventilated shade net, 200-Woven mesh, 201-Ventilation gap, 202-Elastic lens, 203-Wire mesh, 204-Grid area, 205-Rectangular frame, 3-Intermediate beam, 4-Support, 5-Vegetation, 6-Direct sunlight, 7-Reflected sunlight, 8-Grass grid, 9-Airflow. Detailed Implementation

[0058] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that the technical solution of the present invention is easy to understand, clear and complete, and easy for those skilled in the art to replicate and implement, while fully verifying the technical effects and adaptability to working conditions of the present invention.

[0059] Example 1.

[0060] This embodiment provides a canvas-type reflective and breathable shading net with controllable aperture gradient and directional reflective and wind-resistant functions, which is suitable for the conventional wind and sand conditions in desert areas and realizes the integrated function of photovoltaic supplementary lighting and sand moisture retention and sand control.

[0061] like Figure 3 As shown, the reflective and breathable sunshade net 2 in this embodiment uses highly reflective canvas as the base, and several through-type ventilation gaps 201 are evenly opened on the base; the remaining area other than the ventilation gaps 201 is the mesh area 204. The mesh area 204 as a whole forms a flat, uniformly tilted, and uniformly oriented directional reflective plane, completely abandoning the disordered structure formed by the interlacing and stacking of traditional woven mesh 200, eliminating the diffuse reflection loss of sunlight from the source, and ensuring that the reflected light path is concentrated and controllable.

[0062] This embodiment sets multiple aperture ratio parameters to adapt to different light intensities and wind and sand conditions: The first configuration sets the aperture ratio of the reflective and breathable shading net 2 to 24%–30%, corresponding to a reflective area ratio of 70%–76% in the mesh area 204, suitable for areas with moderate wind and sand and sufficient sunlight, balancing reflective efficiency and wind resistance performance; The second configuration sets the aperture ratio to 18%–23%, corresponding to a reflective area ratio of 77%–82%, focusing on improving reflective supplementary light efficiency, suitable for areas with low wind and sand and strong sunlight; The third configuration sets the aperture ratio to 10%–17%, corresponding to a reflective area ratio of 83%–90%, maximizing the reflective light-receiving area, suitable for areas with weak sunlight and stable, windless, or light wind conditions.

[0063] In this embodiment, the equivalent aperture of the ventilation gap 201 is controlled in the range of 8mm to 80mm, preferably 25mm to 35mm. The pores are evenly distributed and have good permeability, which can maximize the airflow and reduce the wind load on the net while ensuring the effective reflective area, and is suitable for sandy desert wind conditions.

[0064] The canvas-type reflective and breathable shading net prepared in this embodiment is assembled into a photovoltaic desertification control and ecological efficiency-enhancing staggered peak power generation system to form an integrated operation system of power generation efficiency enhancement, ecological desertification control, and wind resistance and structural stability.

[0065] like Figures 8 to 10 As shown, taking the desertification control area of ​​Shagolan as the application scenario, the row spacing S of photovoltaic array 1 is uniformly arranged at 20m, and the array installation height is 3.6m. High bifaciality bifacial photovoltaic modules with a bifaciality of ≥90% are selected, the module body height H is 2.384m, the length L of the reflective and ventilated shading net 2 is 5.20m, the dihedral angle α is taken as 87°, and a ventilation, heat dissipation and vegetation growth space of 1.216m is reserved at the bottom edge of the module from the ground surface. All bifacial photovoltaic modules are vertically installed through bracket 4, and the normals of the two sets of panels are respectively arranged to the east and west, realizing differentiated sunlight reception at different times of day and night, laying the structural foundation for peak-shifting power generation.

[0066] Preferably, the ratio of the length L of the reflective and permeable shading net 2 to the height H of the module body, L / H, is set to 1.5-4.15, and the ratio of the row spacing S of the photovoltaic array 1 to the length L of the reflective and permeable shading net 2, S / L, is set to 1.59-1.97. Under this parameter coupling and matching, the reflective and permeable shading net 2 can effectively utilize reflected sunlight 7 to increase the amount of irradiance received by the photovoltaic system, while reasonably controlling the shading area between rows, suppressing soil evaporation, avoiding the wind resistance and material cost pressure caused by excessively large shading nets, resulting in extremely high system power generation efficiency and low cost of supporting desertification control.

[0067] The core of this invention uses an L / H ratio of 1.5-4.15 and an S / L ratio of 1.59-1.97. A lower L / H ratio of 1.5 indicates the mesh is too short, resulting in insufficient effective reflected light flux; an upper L / H ratio of 4.15 indicates the mesh is too long, leading to a sharp increase in wind load and material costs. A lower S / L ratio of 1.59 indicates that a ratio that is too small will cause the mesh to block direct light from the components; an upper S / L ratio of 1.97 indicates that a ratio that is too large will make it difficult for reflected light to reach the component surface. These two ratio ranges are obtained by balancing the reflected light path, wind load, and inter-row shading area, and are not arbitrary selections of ordinary array sizes.

[0068] The reflective, breathable, and shading net 2 is stretched and installed above the bare ground between the rows of photovoltaic arrays, corresponding to the east and west sides of the bifacial photovoltaic modules. It can simultaneously achieve two functions: firstly, it blocks the direct strong sunlight between the rows, weakens the surface radiation, inhibits soil moisture evaporation, improves the microenvironment of sandy land, and creates conditions for the natural reproduction and ecological restoration of vegetation 5; secondly, it reflects the incident sunlight in a directional manner to the light-receiving surface of the corresponding bifacial photovoltaic modules, so that the modules can simultaneously capture direct sunlight 6 and reflected sunlight 7, thereby improving the utilization rate of solar energy and power generation throughout the day.

[0069] This embodiment strictly limits the dihedral angle α between the reflective and ventilated shading net 2 and the double-sided photovoltaic module panel. The basic value range is 52.8° to 90°. If the dihedral angle α is 90°, a reflective mirror structure can be formed, which has an excellent reflective effect. However, rainwater is not easy to flow away. Therefore, the preferred narrow range of 72.5° to 87.14° is suitable for desert and barren conditions. This angle range can match the regional solar altitude angle variation pattern, avoid the disadvantage of rainwater not flowing away, and achieve the optimal coupling of reflective supplementary lighting and surface moisture retention.

[0070] Studies show that a dihedral angle α of 52.8° is the critical lower limit angle. When the dihedral angle α is below 52.8°, the plane of the reflective and ventilated shading net 2 is tilted too much relative to the surface of the bifacial photovoltaic module 1, causing the net itself to encroach on the incident light path of direct sunlight during the morning and evening hours. Between 8:00 AM and 4:00 PM, corresponding to peak electricity consumption periods, the eastern solar altitude gradually increases while the western solar altitude gradually decreases. Direct sunlight 6 should ideally fully illuminate the surface of the bifacial photovoltaic module 1 to match the daytime peak electricity load and achieve peak-shifting power generation. If the dihedral angle α is too small, the physical structure of the shading net will physically block the direct sunlight 6 during this period, reducing the direct light flux received by the module. Even with reflective supplementary lighting, the loss of direct light will exceed the gain from reflection, resulting in a decrease in the amount of light received by the module and a reduction in its output power. This fails to match the power output demand during the morning peak hours, thus undermining the design goal of peak-shifting efficiency. Only when the dihedral angle α is greater than or equal to the critical lower limit can it be guaranteed that the direct sunlight 6 during peak electricity consumption periods after 8 am and before 4 pm will not be blocked by the net. At the same time, the shading net can reflect some of the sunlight onto the module panel, and on the premise of preserving the foundation of direct power generation, the reflected supplementary light gain is superimposed to achieve peak-shifting power generation.

[0071] In terms of specific assembly structure, the reflective and ventilated shading net 2 is tensioned and fixed at the top of the bracket 4 of the two adjacent photovoltaic arrays at the east and west ends. The middle part of the net is evenly supported by the middle beam 3, so that the flat net body is naturally formed into two sets of inclined reflective planes facing east and west, which accurately match the morning and evening sunshine directions and adapt to the core mechanism of peak-shifting power generation of the system.

[0072] like Figure 8 As shown, during the morning hours, the east-facing sunlight shines directly onto the shading net. The regular reflective plane, based on the law of specular reflection, directs the light onto the east side of the bifacial photovoltaic module, making up for the low power output during the morning. At the same time, the through-type ventilation gap 201 can guide airflow, reduce the wind load on the net, and ensure structural stability.

[0073] like Figure 9 As shown, during the midday period of strong sunlight, sunlight is incident on the grid both vertically and obliquely. The bidirectional reflective plane can simultaneously reflect light onto the module panels on the east and west sides, uniformly increasing the amount of light received by the modules during the midday period, smoothing out sudden changes in the peak power generation at midday, and optimizing the power plant's daily output curve.

[0074] like Figure 10 As shown, during the evening period, the westward sunlight is directionally reflected by the grid and projected onto the west side of the module, effectively increasing the power output in the evening, further reducing the peak-valley difference in power generation during the day, and achieving stable power generation throughout the day.

[0075] Preferably, the ground surface below the reflective and ventilated shade net 2 is planted with low-growing crops, such as potatoes, sweet potatoes, leeks, and cabbage, to achieve agricultural-solar complementarity.

[0076] Compared to traditional woven shading structures, this embodiment avoids the problem of scattered light paths caused by disordered mesh stacking. The reflective plane is regular, the reflection direction is uniform, and the light efficiency loss is extremely low. While ensuring excellent ventilation and wind resistance, as well as the functions of moisture retention and desertification control in sandy areas, it steadily improves the all-day light intensity of photovoltaic modules and the overall power generation output, realizing the synergistic empowerment of ecological governance and power generation efficiency.

[0077] In this embodiment, the cost of the canvas-type reflective and permeable shading net 2 can be as low as 4,300 yuan per mu, and the cost of supporting sand control per 10,000 kilowatts of installed capacity is 5.6 million yuan. Although it is slightly higher than the cost of traditional sand barrier sand control, it can significantly increase power generation. According to the comparative calculation based on the pilot results of the "vertical photovoltaic + mirror reflector" project in Spain reported by pvmagazine and Now.Solar 2026, the power generation of this embodiment can be increased by 30% to 51% compared with the traditional south-facing tilting power generation system. In addition, the market price of off-peak power generation is higher, so the power generation revenue can be multiplied, which can greatly motivate photovoltaic project companies to invest in their own projects.

[0078] Example 2.

[0079] This embodiment provides an adaptive wind-reflective and breathable shading net with a four-leaf elastic lens, which is suitable for extreme working conditions such as frequent strong winds and drastic wind pressure fluctuations in desert areas, and realizes passive adaptive wind pressure regulation.

[0080] The core of this embodiment is to integrate an adaptive elastic reflective structure on a rigid steel wire mesh substrate, which combines structural strength, reflective enhancement and dynamic air unloading function.

[0081] like Figure 4 As shown, several four-leaf elastic lenses 202 are evenly riveted and fixed at the intersection of the warp and weft of the wire mesh 203. The lenses are firmly connected to the mesh and the force is even. The whole structure forms a reflective, breathable and sunshade net 2 that combines rigid support and flexible deformation. The lens adaptive deformation realizes dynamic adaptation to working conditions.

[0082] The four-leaf elastic lens 202 is pre-set with constant pre-tightening internal stress and a preset fixed initial wind pressure load threshold. This threshold is the critical wind pressure condition for the lens to deflect elastically and expand the ventilation opening. It can be adapted and adjusted according to the differences in wind and sand conditions parameters of the project.

[0083] In windless environments or under normal operating conditions where the wind pressure is lower than the initial wind pressure load, the elastic lens 202 maintains a fixed reflective tilt angle by relying on its own pre-tightened internal stress, and the entire mesh maintains a flat reflective posture, which can continuously and accurately reflect sunlight to the light-receiving surface of the bifacial photovoltaic module, ensuring the stable operation of normal power generation efficiency and surface moisture retention function.

[0084] When encountering strong winds and when the ambient wind pressure exceeds the initial wind pressure load, the four-leaf elastic lens 202 undergoes adaptive elastic bending and torsion under the action of wind pressure, actively expanding the opening of the effective ventilation gap 201 of the net, quickly guiding airflow and releasing wind pressure, significantly reducing the overall wind load of the net, avoiding structural deformation and damage caused by strong winds, and improving the stability of the system under extreme working conditions.

[0085] When the ambient wind speed drops and the wind pressure falls below the initial threshold, the elastic lens 202 automatically resets itself based on its own elastic restoring force, shrinks the ventilation opening and returns to the preset standard reflective tilt angle, quickly restoring stable reflective and supplemental lighting and sunshade and moisture retention functions, without manual intervention or electronic control sensing equipment, achieving passive intelligent dynamic adaptation.

[0086] It is also possible to Figure 7 As shown, an adaptive reflective and breathable sunshade net 2 is composed of a rectangular frame 205, strip-shaped elastic lenses 202, and ventilation gaps 201. Numerous elastic lenses 202 fixed to the rectangular frame 205 all face the light-receiving surface, collectively forming a reflective surface.

[0087] By assembling the adaptive reflective and ventilated shading net 2 of this embodiment into the aforementioned photovoltaic desertification control and ecological efficiency enhancement staggered peak power generation system, the system's ability to resist wind and sand and fluctuate operating conditions can be greatly improved on the basis of continuing the core functions of directional supplemental lighting, staggered peak power generation, and desert ecological restoration. This allows the system to adapt to the extremely harsh environment of deserts and wastelands, extend the service life of equipment, and reduce operation and maintenance costs.

[0088] Example 3.

[0089] This embodiment provides an integrated reflective and breathable sunshade net with a U-shaped contour elastic lens that is die-cut and formed. It has a high degree of structural integration, can be mass-produced, and has a sensitive deformation response, making it suitable for large-scale photovoltaic desertification control projects.

[0090] This embodiment adopts an integral die-cutting molding process, which eliminates the need for secondary riveting and assembly, resulting in stronger structural consistency and stability, and lower manufacturing costs.

[0091] like Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, a whole sheet of elastic reflective material is stretched and fixed inside a rectangular frame 205. A series of U-shaped elastic lenses 202 and matching U-shaped ventilation gaps 201 are formed on the sheet through a precision die-cutting process. Uncut connecting ribs are reserved between the elastic lenses 202 and the substrate to ensure stable deformation and synchronous repositioning of the lenses, while maintaining the integrity of the overall structure. The numerous elastic lenses 202 fixed to the whole sheet of elastic reflective material, together with the reflective mesh area 204, face the light-receiving surface, forming a reflective surface.

[0092] This embodiment has a regular overall structure and unified parameters. It has multiple functions, including precise directional reflection, adaptive ventilation and pressure relief, soil moisture retention and desertification control, and peak-shifting power generation efficiency enhancement. When assembled into the ecological efficiency enhancement peak-shifting power generation system of this invention, it can stably achieve the comprehensive effects of all-day time-sharing supplementary lighting, smoothing power generation peaks and valleys, inhibiting desert evaporation, and promoting ecological restoration. It has excellent mass production and engineering implementation capabilities and is suitable for batch application in large-scale new energy desertification control projects in desert areas.

[0093] Preferably, the reflective mesh area 204 and / or the elastic lens 202 are configured as slightly curved arc-shaped reflective surfaces (i.e., slightly curved reflective planes), for example, the radius of curvature of the cylindrical arc surface is set to 1.2m to 20m. Since the ventilation gap 201 cannot be reflected, if the reflective surface is flat, when the reflected sunlight 7 is projected onto the light-receiving surface, a shadow will be formed in the area corresponding to the ventilation gap 201; after the reflective surface is configured as a slightly curved arc, the reflected sunlight 7 on the arc surface will be slightly diffused, and its illumination range on the light-receiving surface will extend to the surrounding area of ​​the area corresponding to the ventilation gap 201, thereby eliminating the shadow projected by the ventilation gap 201 onto the light-receiving surface, so that the light-receiving surface obtains uniformly reflected sunlight 7.

[0094] The lower limit of the radius of curvature is 1.2m: a curvature less than 1.2m results in excessive bending, excessive divergence of reflected light, and a large amount of light overflowing from the component panel, reducing the effectiveness of supplemental lighting; the upper limit is 20m: a radius of curvature greater than 20m approaches a flat surface, resulting in insufficient divergence and an inability to effectively eliminate shadows projected from gaps. The 1.2m to 20m range is a coupling range that balances shadow elimination and control of reflected light overflow, and is not an arbitrary selection of curvature for ordinary reflective lenses.

[0095] More preferably, the reflective mesh area 204 and / or the elastic lens 202 are configured as matte reflective surfaces, so that the reflected sunlight 7 can be diffused by the matte reflective surfaces, thereby eliminating the shadows projected onto the light-receiving surface by the ventilation gap 201, and enabling the light-receiving surface to obtain diffusely and uniformly reflected sunlight 7. It is understood that the curved surface setting and the matte treatment can be used selectively or in combination to further improve the uniformity of light distribution on the light-receiving surface.

[0096] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any simple structural substitutions, assembly method optimizations, or material equivalent substitutions made based on the technical concept and core principles of the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An eco-friendly peak-shaving power generation system, comprising several sets of photovoltaic arrays deployed on the ground surface, wherein the photovoltaic arrays include supporting brackets and bifacial photovoltaic modules, characterized in that: The bifacial photovoltaic module is vertically installed on the ground using the bracket, with the normal of one side of the bifacial photovoltaic module facing either the east or the west. The term "pan-east" refers to an orientation that is 0°–45° southward and 0°–20° northward from due east; the term "pan-west" refers to an orientation that is 0°–20° northward and 0°–45° southward from due west. A reflective, breathable, and shading net is erected above the bare ground surface between the rows of the photovoltaic array. The reflective, breathable, and shading net includes a regular planar reflective mesh area and a through-type ventilation gap. The reflective, breathable, and shading net has ventilation gaps and a reflective surface, and has the functions of ventilation, light transmission, rain transmission, wind protection, reflection, shading, sand fixation, and moisture retention. The reflective, ventilated, and sun-shading net forms a dihedral angle α between itself and the surface of the bifacial photovoltaic module, and the value of the dihedral angle α ranges from 52.8° to 90°. The reflective, breathable, and sunshade nets are respectively arranged on the east and west sides of the bifacial photovoltaic module to reflect sunlight in a directional manner to the light-receiving surface of the bifacial photovoltaic module on the corresponding side.

2. The ecological efficiency-enhancing peak-shaving power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ground beneath the reflective, breathable, and shade-resistant netting is planted with low-growing, shade-tolerant, and drought-resistant vegetation, which includes any one or more of the following: sand onion, alfalfa, isatis root, potato, and leek, achieving agricultural-solar complementarity and ecological restoration of sandy land.

3. The ecological efficiency-enhancing peak-shaving power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dihedral angle α is 61.5° to 88.85°; or, the dihedral angle α is 72.5° to 87.14°.

4. The ecological efficiency-enhancing peak-shaving power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The east and west ends of the reflective and ventilated shading net are fixed to the supports of two adjacent photovoltaic arrays, respectively. The middle part of the reflective and ventilated shading net is supported by a support structure. The reflective and ventilated shading nets on the east and west sides of the middle support structure form a dihedral angle α with the surface of the bifacial photovoltaic module.

5. The ecological efficiency-enhancing peak-shaving power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system is configured with the following size coupling parameters: the height of the bifacial photovoltaic module body is H, the length of the reflective and ventilated shading net is L, and the row spacing of the photovoltaic array is S; The L / H ratio ranges from 1.5 to 4.15, and the S / L ratio ranges from 1.59 to 1.97.

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