An ultra-low power consumption control method for an internet of things data acquisition device

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of Internet of Things equipment power consumption control, in particular to an ultra-low power consumption control method for an Internet of Things data acquisition device, which comprises the following steps: when the Internet of Things data acquisition device is started, a power management module supplies power to a general-purpose CPU, and the general-purpose CPU is initialized; the general-purpose CPU controls the power management module to start supplying power to a sending component, and data acquisition, edge computing and data sending are performed; after the completion, the general-purpose CPU controls the power management module to supply power to an MCU, and the MCU is informed to enter a working state; the general-purpose CPU sends a sleep instruction to the MCU, and the sleep instruction contains next time t of wake-up; after receiving the sleep instruction, the MCU controls the power management module to cut off the power supply of the general-purpose CPU and the sending component, and the MCU itself enters a standby state; after the standby state lasts for t seconds, the MCU controls the power management module to supply power to the general-purpose CPU again, power consumption is significantly reduced, and battery endurance is greatly prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power consumption control technology for Internet of Things (IoT) devices, specifically a method for ultra-low power consumption control of IoT data acquisition devices. Background Technology

[0002] In the context of IoT-based digitalization, a large amount of field data needs to be collected, classified, and aggregated for analysis and decision-making. However, due to the harsh power supply environment in the field, many situations lack mains power (i.e., power lines cannot be used for supply), requiring battery power or battery power combined with solar charging. In such cases, the standby power consumption of the data acquisition device becomes a crucial technical parameter.

[0003] Currently, there are two technical solutions for IoT data acquisition devices: 1) using an MCU / microcontroller solution, which has low power consumption but weak CPU functionality and limited capabilities, failing to meet the requirements of edge computing; 2) using a general-purpose CPU solution, which is powerful and can meet all functional requirements, such as edge computing, data encryption, and attack protection. However, it suffers from high power consumption, currently averaging 3-5 watts in China, which is insufficient for battery-powered scenarios. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an ultra-low power control method for IoT data acquisition devices to overcome the shortcomings in current practical applications. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an ultra-low power consumption control method for Internet of Things (IoT) data acquisition devices to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A method for controlling ultra-low power consumption of an Internet of Things (IoT) data acquisition device includes the following steps: (1) When the IoT data acquisition device is started, the power management module supplies power to the general-purpose CPU, and the general-purpose CPU completes the system initialization; (2) The general-purpose CPU performs data acquisition and edge computing, controls the power management module to turn on the power supply of the transmitting component, and completes the data transmission; (3) After the data is sent, the general-purpose CPU control power management module supplies power to the MCU and notifies the MCU to enter the working state; (4) The general-purpose CPU sends a sleep instruction to the MCU, the sleep instruction including the next wake-up time t; (5) The general-purpose CPU controls the power management module to turn off the power supply to the transmitting component; after the MCU receives the hibernation command, it controls the power management module to cut off the power supply to the general-purpose CPU and enters standby mode itself; (6) After the standby state lasts for t seconds, the MCU controls the power management module to resupplement the general-purpose CPU and returns to step (2).

[0006] As a further aspect of the present invention: the hardware architecture of the IoT data acquisition device includes: A general-purpose CPU module is used to perform data acquisition, edge computing, and communication control. The MCU module is used to control the on / off logic of the power management module; The power management module is controlled by the general-purpose CPU and MCU, and independently manages the power supply to the general-purpose CPU, MCU and transmitting components; The transmitting component includes at least one communication module selected from 4G / 5G, BeiDou, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or LoRa.

[0007] As a further aspect of the present invention: in step (5), the object to which the MCU cuts off the power supply includes at least one of a general-purpose CPU and an encryption card.

[0008] As a further aspect of the present invention: in step (2), the sending component is activated on demand, and is powered only during the data sending phase.

[0009] As a further aspect of the present invention: in step (6), the MCU wakes up the general-purpose CPU after t seconds using a built-in timer.

[0010] As a further aspect of the present invention: in step (2), data acquisition is achieved through RS232, RS485 or Ethernet interfaces.

[0011] As a further aspect of the present invention: in step (2), the edge computing includes at least one of the following processing operations: data encryption, attack protection, or data compression.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. Significantly reduced power consumption: Under the same working cycle (10 minutes / time, 5 seconds per time) and hardware configuration (MTK7620 CPU + 5G + Beidou): the existing technology has a daily power consumption of 264 watt-hours (0.264 kWh), while the present invention has a daily power consumption of 4.6 watt-hours (2.4 watt-hours for MCU standby + 2.2 watt-hours for CPU operation); the power consumption is reduced to 1 / 57 of the existing technology (approximately 57 times the energy efficiency improvement).

[0013] 2. Significantly extended battery life: Existing technologies require a battery with a capacity of ≥2 kWh (2000 Wh) to maintain continuous operation for 7 days; this invention only requires a 0.032 kWh (32 Wh) battery to meet the 7-day battery life requirement; thus, with the same battery capacity (2 kWh), the battery life is extended from 7 days to approximately 440 days (62.5 weeks).

[0014] 3. Hardware cost optimization: By employing a dual-core collaborative dynamic power supply mechanism (MCU manages the CPU and transmitting components to start and stop on demand): the use of customized low-power chips (such as ASICs) is avoided; the combination of general-purpose CPU and low-cost MCU is reused to meet the needs of edge computing while controlling hardware costs. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a hardware architecture block diagram of the IoT data acquisition device in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a basic flowchart of data acquisition and transmission in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the dual-core collaborative low-power control method in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the combined circuit in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] The specific implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0018] Please see Figures 1-3 This invention provides an ultra-low power control method for an IoT data acquisition device, which integrates the advantages of MCU / microcontroller and general-purpose CPU solutions. Through hardware design and software optimization, it combines the strengths of both to address the challenges of low power consumption, complex edge computing, data encryption, and attack / defense protection in current IoT data acquisition scenarios. Specifically, it includes the following: like Figure 1 As shown, the hardware portion of this invention consists of the following parts: The general-purpose CPU (including currently popular ARM / MIPS / RISC-V architecture CPUs) is powerful but consumes a lot of power, with standby power consumption of 3-5W. The MCU / microcontroller section has relatively weak functionality, but low standby power consumption, averaging about 100mW. The power management section is responsible for supplying power to the general-purpose CPU section and the MCU / microcontroller section, and can be managed by the MCU / microcontroller. The transmitting component includes high-power components such as 4G / 5G components, BeiDou / WIFI / Bluetooth / LoRa components, and dedicated external devices such as encryption cards. The power supply for this part is controlled by a general-purpose CPU and MCU / microcontroller.

[0019] like Figure 2 As shown, in IoT data acquisition scenarios, especially when powered by battery, most data is collected periodically, and the process is as follows: 1. The acquisition program on the CPU is awakened and completes data acquisition from an external interface, such as a 232 / 485 or Ethernet interface; 2. After the CPU completes data acquisition, it uses the encryption card or CPU computing power to process the data; 3. The CPU will transmit the processed data through the transmission component (4G / 5G / WIFI / Bluetooth / LoRa / BeiDou, etc.). If the transmission component is not ready, dialing is required, and the data will be transmitted after the link is ready. 4. After successful transmission, the CPU will enter standby mode, waiting to be woken up in the next cycle.

[0020] The main power consumption in the above workflow occurs in steps 3 and 4. In step 3, the 4G / 5G line does not need to be online 24 / 7, and in most cases, no data needs to be transmitted, resulting in significant battery power consumption. In step 4, the CPU consumes considerable power in standby mode, wasting battery power. Therefore, this invention primarily addresses the power consumption in steps 3 and 4 to extend battery life and operating time.

[0021] This invention designs a hardware circuit device that combines a power management chip, an MCU / microcontroller, and a general-purpose CPU, such as... Figure 4 As shown, both the MCU / microcontroller and the general-purpose CPU in this device can control the power supply switch of the power management chip; The general-purpose CPU and MCU / microcontroller are electrically connected to the corresponding control terminals of the power management chip through their respective general-purpose input / output (GPIO) pins, and independently control each power supply switch of the power management chip by outputting high and low level signals.

[0022] The specific control logic is as follows: The MCU / microcontroller can control the power management chip to turn the power supply to the general-purpose CPU on or off; the MCU / microcontroller can control the power management chip to turn the power supply to external devices (such as 4G / 5G, BeiDou, etc.) on or off; the general-purpose CPU can control the power management chip to turn the power supply to the MCU / microcontroller on or off; the general-purpose CPU can control the power management chip to turn the power supply to external devices (such as 4G / 5G, BeiDou, etc.) on or off.

[0023] Figure 4 This demonstrates the electrical connections and control logic between a general-purpose CPU, an MCU, and a power management chip. Specifically, the power management chip integrates several independent switching elements, which can be MOSFETs or load switches, connected in series in the power supply branches of the general-purpose CPU, MCU, and transmitting components. The control terminal (enable terminal) of each switching element is led out to a corresponding pin on the power management chip. One general-purpose input / output pin of the general-purpose CPU is connected to the control terminal of the power management chip that controls the MCU power supply branch switch, while another general-purpose input / output pin of the same CPU is connected to the control terminal of the power management chip that controls the transmitting component power supply branch switch. Similarly, one general-purpose input / output pin of the MCU is connected to the control terminal of the power management chip that controls the general-purpose CPU power supply branch switch, and another general-purpose input / output pin of the MCU is connected to the control terminal of the power management chip that controls the transmitting component power supply branch switch.

[0024] Through the above connection method, the general-purpose CPU and MCU can each independently output high-level or low-level signals to the power management chip, thereby controlling the conduction and shutdown of the corresponding power supply branches. It is important to note that the general-purpose CPU and MCU form an "OR" logic control relationship for the power supply branches of the transmitting component. That is, when either the general-purpose CPU or the MCU issues a conduction command, the transmitting component receives power. This is mainly because, during system initialization or in specific debugging scenarios, the general-purpose CPU needs to independently complete data transmission tasks when the MCU is not running. Furthermore, after the MCU takes over power management, it can also autonomously wake up the transmitting component to perform emergency data retransmission and other operations according to a preset strategy during the power-off period of the general-purpose CPU. The power management chip also has internal anti-reverse current circuitry and soft-start circuitry to avoid mutual interference between power supply branches and surge current impacts at power-on.

[0025] about Figure 4Regarding the selection and parameters of each component, the power management chip can be a PMIC with multiple independent enable controls. Its built-in switching elements have milliohm-level on-resistance and extremely low power consumption. Each power supply branch's input side is equipped with filter capacitors and decoupling capacitors to ensure power supply stability. Current-limiting resistors and pull-down resistors are also connected in series on the general-purpose input / output control lines between the general-purpose CPU and the power management chip, as well as between the MCU and the power management chip, to prevent the power management chip from malfunctioning due to floating control pins when the general-purpose CPU or MCU is not powered on.

[0026] like Figure 3 As shown, the workflow of the ultra-low power control method for IoT data acquisition devices is as follows: 1. When the device starts up, by default, the power management chip supplies power to the general-purpose CPU, which then completes the system initialization. 2. After the general-purpose CPU completes initialization, it begins data acquisition; 3. According to the user configuration, turn on the power switch of the transmitting component (4G / 5G / WIFI / BT / LORA / BeiDou) and perform the necessary initialization work; 4. After data acquisition and edge computing processing are completed, call the sending component to send the data; 5. After successful transmission, turn off the power switch of the transmitting component; 6. The general-purpose CPU supplies power to the MCU / microcontroller and waits for the MCU / microcontroller to complete startup; 7. The MCU / microcontroller has completed startup and notifies the general-purpose CPU that it is in normal working condition; 8. The general-purpose CPU sends a command to the MCU / microcontroller to notify the MCU / microcontroller component to wake itself up after the next cycle (let's say t seconds); 9. Upon receiving the instruction, the MCU / microcontroller cuts off the general-purpose CPU power supply and enters standby mode. 10. After t seconds, the MCU / microcontroller supplies power to the general-purpose CPU; 11. The general-purpose CPU starts and repeats steps 2 through 10.

[0027] Example: Using a commonly used data acquisition terminal in the industry, the configuration is as follows: the general CPU is MTK7620; the transmission component is 5G + Beidou; Power consumption of each component: CPU power consumption is 3 watts, Beidou power consumption is 5 watts, 5G power consumption is 3 watts, and MCU / microcontroller power consumption is 100 milliwatts; assuming a data transmission cycle of 10 minutes. The working time for each data acquisition and transmission is 5 seconds. The operating environment is outdoor temperature of 20 degrees Celsius and humidity of 60%.

[0028] The original power consumption is: (3+5+3) x 24 (hours) = 264 watt-hours = 0.264 kilowatt-hours; that is, it consumes 1 / 4 kilowatt-hour of electricity per day. To ensure continuous operation for 7 days, a battery with a capacity of at least 2 kilowatt-hours is required.

[0029] After adopting the control method of this invention, the MCU / microcontroller power consumption is 0.1 x 24 (hours) = 2.4 watt-hours; the power consumption for waking up the CPU is (3 + 5 + 3) x 5 = 55 watt-seconds; since 1 watt-hour = 3600 watt-seconds, the power consumption per operation is approximately 55 watt-seconds / 3600 ≈ 0.015278 watt-hours. Working once every 10 minutes, 6 times per hour, and 6 x 24 = 144 times per day, the daily power consumption is approximately 0.015278 watt-hours x 144 ≈ 2.20 watt-hours.

[0030] Therefore, the daily power consumption of the MCU / microcontroller + CPU in this invention is 2.4 Wh + 2.20 Wh = 4.6 Wh; continuous operation for 7 days only requires 4.6 x 7 = 32.2 Wh = 0.032 kWh, requiring only a 0.1 kWh battery, reducing battery capacity by more than 20 times. Assuming a 2 kWh battery is still used, it can operate for 62.5 weeks, approximately 440 days.

[0031] Specifically, this invention not only significantly improves power consumption but also offers advantages in system response speed and data integrity. Since the general-purpose CPU executes a complete system initialization and data acquisition and transmission process upon each wake-up, rather than resuming from hibernation, there is no power overhead caused by memory data retention during hibernation, nor is there a need to consider the complex logic of peripheral state restoration after waking from hibernation. While this complete power-off method sacrifices a few seconds of startup time, this is perfectly acceptable for data acquisition scenarios with cycles of ten minutes or even longer, and the resulting power consumption gains are substantial. Furthermore, to ensure real-time data acquisition, the next wake-up time t can be flexibly configured according to the actual application scenario. Users can dynamically adjust the value of t by reading local configuration files or parameters from a remote server during the last run of the general-purpose CPU. For example, in scenarios with frequent data changes, t can be set to a shorter value to increase data reporting frequency; in scenarios with relatively stable data, t can be set to a longer value to further reduce power consumption.

[0032] In addition, the general-purpose CPU checks the accuracy of the system clock each time it is woken up. Since the general-purpose CPU is completely powered down during sleep mode, its internal real-time clock may not be able to maintain its operation. However, MCUs typically integrate a low-power real-time clock or timer. In standby mode, the MCU relies on an internal low-speed clock oscillator to maintain timing; the typical operating current of this oscillator is only in the microamp level. When the MCU's built-in timer reaches t seconds, the MCU outputs a high level to the power management chip through a general-purpose input / output pin, turning on the power supply branch for the general-purpose CPU. After the general-purpose CPU powers on, it can communicate with the MCU via I2C or SPI bus to obtain the current absolute time information, thus ensuring the accuracy of the timestamp of the acquired data. If the MCU does not integrate a real-time clock, an independent high-precision, low-power real-time clock chip can be externally mounted. This clock chip is powered by a battery or coin cell battery and can maintain timing even when the system is completely powered down. During standby, the MCU can periodically read the time from this real-time clock chip, or the real-time clock chip can output an interrupt signal at a preset time to wake up the MCU.

[0033] Regarding data acquisition interfaces, the general-purpose CPU of this invention supports multiple physical interfaces. In addition to RS232, RS485, and Ethernet interfaces, it can also be expanded to support a CAN bus interface, suitable for data acquisition in industrial field sensor networks. It supports a USB interface for easy connection to external storage devices or image acquisition devices such as high-resolution cameras. It also supports an SDIO interface for connecting SD cards or Wi-Fi modules. During system initialization, the general-purpose CPU iterates through all configured data acquisition interfaces, executing different initialization processes according to the interface type. For example, it configures serial port parameters such as baud rate, data bits, stop bits, and parity for RS232 and RS485 interfaces; network parameters such as IP address, subnet mask, and gateway for Ethernet interfaces; and baud rate and filter parameters for CAN bus interfaces. After interface initialization is complete, the general-purpose CPU reads sensor data from each interface according to preset acquisition rules. These acquisition rules can be dynamically issued by the user through a remote configuration platform or stored in a local configuration file. After reading the raw data, the general-purpose CPU will perform corresponding parsing and conversion operations according to the sensor type and data format. For example, it will convert the AD sampling value into the actual temperature, pressure or flow value, and remove or mark abnormal data.

[0034] In edge computing processing, the general-purpose CPU of this invention, in addition to performing data encryption, attack protection, and data compression operations, can also perform preprocessing operations such as data filtering, data aggregation, and feature extraction. Data filtering can employ algorithms such as moving average filtering, median filtering, or Kalman filtering to remove noise and spike interference from sensor data. Data aggregation refers to merging data collected by multiple sensors within the same time period into a single record according to certain rules, reducing data redundancy and decreasing the amount of data transmitted. Feature extraction refers to extracting key indicators that reflect the operating status of the equipment or the trend of environmental changes from the raw data, such as calculating statistical quantities like the mean, variance, rate of change, or peak value of the data. These features can serve as inputs for subsequent fault diagnosis or predictive maintenance. Attack protection functions include verifying the legitimacy of received remote commands to prevent the execution of illegal remote control commands; encrypting network communication data to prevent data theft or tampering during transmission; and encrypting locally stored data to prevent data leakage after the equipment is stolen. Data encryption can employ symmetric encryption algorithms (such as AES) or asymmetric encryption algorithms (such as RSA). The key can be stored in an encryption card or generated and managed by a general-purpose CPU through a secure element.

[0035] Regarding the management of transmitting components, the on-demand startup mechanism of this invention is not limited to power supply control during the data transmission phase, but also includes fine-grained configuration of the operating mode of the transmitting components. For 4G / 5G communication modules, after the general-purpose CPU powers on its power, it first registers and attaches to the network via AT commands or the QMI interface, and then transmits data only after the network is ready. After transmission is complete, the general-purpose CPU first executes network de-attachment and module standby commands, and then controls the power management module to shut down its power supply to ensure that the module's internal state machine shuts down normally, avoiding abnormalities upon the next power-on. For BeiDou communication modules, the general-purpose CPU needs to search for and lock onto BeiDou satellite signals before transmitting data, obtaining current location and timing information. The location information can be uploaded as part of the data content, and the timing information can be used to calibrate the system clock. For LoRa communication modules, the general-purpose CPU needs to configure physical layer parameters such as spreading factor, bandwidth, and coding rate before transmitting data to adapt to different communication distance and data rate requirements.

[0036] In terms of fault handling, this invention also features an abnormal reset and watchdog protection mechanism. During normal operation, the general-purpose CPU periodically sends a heartbeat signal to the MCU. If the MCU does not receive the heartbeat signal from the general-purpose CPU within a predetermined time, it determines that the general-purpose CPU has crashed abnormally. The MCU will then actively cut off the power supply to the general-purpose CPU and power it back on after a delay of several seconds, achieving a hardware reset. Similarly, the MCU itself also has a built-in independent watchdog timer, which is activated before the MCU enters standby mode. If the MCU experiences an abnormal standby due to external interference or internal logic errors, the watchdog timer will automatically reset the MCU after timeout. After reset, the MCU will immediately restore power to the general-purpose CPU, ensuring that the system will not permanently fail due to MCU failure. This dual reset protection mechanism significantly improves the reliability and self-recovery capability of the data acquisition device in unattended field environments.

[0037] At the software level, upon each startup, the general-purpose CPU first reads the previously stored operating status flag. If the flag indicates that the last shutdown was due to an abnormal power outage, the CPU enters a fault diagnosis mode, checks the operating status of peripherals and sensors, and stores the fault log in non-volatile memory. This log is then reported to the remote management platform after network recovery. If the flag indicates that the last shutdown was a normal hibernation, the CPU skips the diagnostic process and directly enters the normal data acquisition and transmission process. This tiered startup strategy ensures both traceability in abnormal situations and startup efficiency under normal conditions. The communication protocol between the general-purpose CPU and the MCU can use a simplified custom protocol. Communication content includes hibernation commands, wake-up time parameters, heartbeat signals, and status query commands. The protocol frame header contains a start flag and destination address, and the frame tail contains a checksum to ensure communication reliability and anti-interference capabilities.

[0038] In terms of power supply design, the input side of the power management module is connected to the battery or solar charging management circuit, while the output side is divided into multiple independent regulated outputs to adapt to the operating voltage requirements of general-purpose CPUs, MCUs, and different transmitting components. For example, general-purpose CPUs typically require 3.3V or 5V power, MCUs require 3.3V or 1.8V power, 4G / 5G modules require 3.8V power with peak currents exceeding 2A, and Beidou modules require 3.3V power. The power management module internally incorporates low-dropout linear regulators and DC-DC converters designed for different load characteristics. DC-DC converters are used for high-current loads to improve conversion efficiency, while low-dropout linear regulators are used for low-current loads to reduce noise. All power supply branches are equipped with overcurrent and overtemperature protection functions. When the load current exceeds a set threshold or the chip temperature exceeds the safe range, the power management module automatically cuts off the output of the corresponding branch to prevent equipment damage.

[0039] In summary, the ultra-low power control method for the IoT data acquisition device of this invention firstly utilizes an MCU / microcontroller to control the power supply of a general-purpose CPU, determining when to supply power to the CPU to reduce energy consumption; secondly, the CPU controls the transmitting components for on-demand use, such as 5G and BeiDou; and the general-purpose CPU communicates with the MCU / microcontroller to inform the MCU / microcontroller of subsequent tasks. After the general-purpose CPU notifies the MCU / microcontroller, it enters a shutdown state; finally, after a specified time, the MCU / microcontroller supplies power to the general-purpose CPU, which restarts and receives instructions from the MCU / microcontroller, essentially restoring its previous working state and quickly resuming operation.

[0040] It should be noted that, in this invention, although the specification describes the embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This way of describing the specification is only for clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A method for controlling ultra-low power consumption of an Internet of Things (IoT) data acquisition device, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) When the IoT data acquisition device is started, the power management module supplies power to the general-purpose CPU, and the general-purpose CPU completes the system initialization; (2) The general-purpose CPU performs data acquisition and edge computing, controls the power management module to turn on the power supply of the transmitting component, and completes the data transmission; (3) After the data is sent, the general-purpose CPU control power management module supplies power to the MCU and notifies the MCU to enter the working state; (4) The general-purpose CPU sends a sleep instruction to the MCU, the sleep instruction including the next wake-up time t; (5) The general-purpose CPU controls the power management module to turn off the power supply to the transmitting component; after the MCU receives the hibernation command, it controls the power management module to cut off the power supply to the general-purpose CPU and enters standby mode itself; (6) After the standby state lasts for t seconds, the MCU controls the power management module to resupplement the general-purpose CPU and returns to step (2).

2. The ultra-low power consumption control method for the IoT data acquisition device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hardware architecture of the IoT data acquisition device includes: A general-purpose CPU module is used to perform data acquisition, edge computing, and communication control. The MCU module is used to control the on / off logic of the power management module; The power management module is controlled by the general-purpose CPU and MCU, and independently manages the power supply to the general-purpose CPU, MCU and transmitting components; The transmitting component includes at least one communication module selected from 4G / 5G, BeiDou, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or LoRa.

3. The ultra-low power consumption control method for an IoT data acquisition device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, In step (5), the object to which the MCU cuts off power includes at least one of a general-purpose CPU and an encryption card.

4. The ultra-low power consumption control method for the IoT data acquisition device according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the sending component is activated on demand, and is powered only during the data transmission phase.

5. The ultra-low power consumption control method for an IoT data acquisition device according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (6), the MCU wakes up the general-purpose CPU after t seconds using a built-in timer.

6. The ultra-low power consumption control method for the IoT data acquisition device according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), data acquisition is achieved through RS232, RS485 or Ethernet interfaces.

7. The ultra-low power consumption control method for an IoT data acquisition device according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the edge computing includes at least one processing operation among data encryption, attack protection, or data compression.

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