Dynamic power self-adapting method and system for plug-in set-top box

Abstract

The application discloses a dynamic power consumption self-adaptive method and system of plug-in set top boxes, and relates to the technical field of set top box power supply management and multimedia interface. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining a power supply capability descriptor containing maximum power supply capability through interaction with a power supply end through an external power supply interface, selecting an initial mode according to a preset power supply budget and a working mode mapping and configuring subsystem power consumption, and dynamically upgrading or downgrading the working mode in combination with real-time monitoring results; when decoding, a high-load frame is predicted by analyzing the head of an input code stream, and a pre-switch energy storage buffer module is in a discharge auxiliary state to support a transient peak value in parallel power supply. Through linkage of power supply negotiation results and power consumption strategies, in combination with a closed-loop adjustment mechanism, manual selection operation for manually adapting different power supply environments is omitted, a plurality of interface deployments such as USB to GPMI are adapted, transient overload risk is reduced, the probability of accidental shutdown under power supply limitation is reduced, and playing continuity is maintained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of set-top box power management and multimedia interface technology, specifically to a dynamic power consumption adaptive method and system for plug-in set-top boxes. Background Technology

[0002] With the State Administration of Radio and Television's "dual governance" efforts, plug-in micro set-top boxes, as core products, are subject to industry standard GY / T 408-2024, which clearly stipulates that they should support power supply from the television via USB interface, and can be connected to an external power adapter when the power supply demand is insufficient. In actual deployment, the power supply capability of the television ranges from 2.5W for USB 2.0 to 480W for GPMI Type-B, spanning nearly two orders of magnitude, while the instantaneous peak power consumption of the set-top box decoding I-frames can reach 4.5-6.0W, creating a core contradiction between "large power supply range and strong instantaneous peak fluctuations."

[0003] To address the aforementioned power supply and power consumption conflict, existing plug-in set-top boxes typically employ two strategies:

[0004] Strategy 1 uses the minimum 2.5W power supply design of USB 2.0, which degrades the user experience and wastes the hardware capabilities.

[0005] Strategy 2 is designed with fixed power consumption for 4K without adjusting power supply adaptation. In environments with limited power supply, I-frame decoding will cause the system to crash and restart.

[0006] In addition to the strategies mentioned above, although there are technologies that reduce device power consumption through DVFS or optimize costs through off-peak charging, none of them have established a linkage mechanism between interface power supply negotiation results and power consumption strategies.

[0007] Although existing technologies reduce video decoding power consumption on the device side through mechanisms such as Dynamic Voltage Frequency Scaling (DVFS), data preprocessing, and load monitoring, or optimize power costs through off-peak charging and peak-peak coordinated power supply of traditional independent power supplies, the above solutions only optimize from the device side or the power supply side. They do not establish an end-to-end adaptive mechanism within the set-top box that uses the interface power supply negotiation results as a unified power consumption budget and dynamically links the system-on-a-chip operating frequency, video decoding resolution, wireless peripheral start / stop, instantaneous high load energy storage buffer, and cross-device coordinated degradation in case of power supply anomalies.

[0008] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a dynamic power consumption adaptive method and system for plug-in set-top boxes based on interface power supply negotiation, in order to solve the technical problems that existing plug-in set-top boxes cannot simultaneously guarantee ultra-high-definition decoding experience, instantaneous peak stability and power supply anomaly recoverability under different power supply environments. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The dynamic power consumption adaptive method and system for plug-in set-top boxes provided by this invention solves the technical problem that plug-in set-top boxes cannot actively adjust the power consumption strategy based on the interface power supply negotiation results in scenarios where the power supply capabilities of different power supply terminals vary greatly and the instantaneous power consumption of decoding fluctuates significantly, so as to balance playback continuity, peak stability and power supply anomaly recoverability.

[0010] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0011] In a first aspect, this application provides a dynamic power consumption adaptive method for a plug-in set-top box, comprising the following steps:

[0012] The external power supply interface connected to the plug-in set-top box interacts with the power supply terminal to obtain a power supply capacity descriptor containing the maximum power supply capacity parameter.

[0013] Based on the maximum power supply capacity parameter, the current working mode is selected according to the preset power supply budget and working mode mapping relationship;

[0014] The power consumption of the plug-in set-top box subsystem is configured according to the selected current working mode, and a continuous monitoring loop is entered. The actual power consumption of the system and the status of the power supply are periodically monitored. When the actual power consumption of the system exceeds the predetermined proportion of the maximum power supply capacity parameter, the working mode is downgraded step by step. When the actual power consumption of the system is lower than the predetermined proportion of the maximum power supply capacity parameter and continues for a predetermined time, the working mode is evaluated and upgraded. After each judgment is completed, the process returns to the next iteration.

[0015] During the continuous monitoring cycle, based on the real-time monitored power consumption and power supply status data, the header information of the input bitstream is analyzed during the video decoding process to predict the decoding start time of the instantaneous high-load decoding frame. Based on the initial state of the energy storage buffer configured in the selected current working mode, the energy storage buffer module is switched to the discharge-assisted state before the high-load decoding frame is processed, so as to support the instantaneous power consumption requirements in a parallel power supply mode.

[0016] A further optimization is that obtaining the power supply capacity descriptor containing the maximum power supply capacity parameter specifically includes:

[0017] Identify the protocol type of the external power supply interface, use the corresponding interaction method for different types to obtain the upper limit information of the voltage and current output of the power supply terminal, calculate the maximum available power as the maximum power supply capacity parameter, and generate an identifier bit to indicate whether the power supply terminal supports dynamic power adjustment during operation.

[0018] A further optimization scheme is that the working mode should have differentiated configurations for at least the following four types of operating parameters:

[0019] The frequency and voltage level of the system-on-a-chip are achieved through a dynamic voltage and frequency adjustment mechanism.

[0020] The resolution processing strategy for video decoding includes downsampling adaptation for oversized source streams;

[0021] The power supply status of the wireless peripheral module is controlled by a power gating signal;

[0022] The energy storage buffer module has two operating modes: charging standby and discharging assistance.

[0023] A further optimization scheme involves continuously monitoring the actual power consumption of the system and adjusting the operating mode, specifically including:

[0024] Set the power consumption over-limit threshold ratio and over-limit duration, and downgrade the working mode level when the monitored values ​​exceed the limit simultaneously;

[0025] Set the power surplus threshold ratio and duration. When the monitored values ​​meet the standard and are not in the highest working mode, calculate the estimated power consumption after adjustment and adjust the working mode level when it is below the safety margin threshold.

[0026] A further optimized solution is that the instantaneous high-load decoding frame includes an instantaneous decoding refresh frame or a random access frame, and the step of switching the energy storage buffer module to the discharge-assisted state specifically includes:

[0027] The network abstraction layer unit header that parses the bitstream identifies the instantaneous high-load decoding frame, estimates the decoding start time of the instantaneous high-load decoding frame, connects the energy storage element in the energy storage buffer module to the system power rail within a predetermined time before the start time, and disconnects the discharge circuit after the instantaneous high-load decoding frame is decoded.

[0028] A further optimization scheme is to reduce the operating frequency of the system-on-a-chip by a predetermined ratio before the start time if it is predicted that the remaining power of the energy storage element is insufficient to support the full peak power consumption, and restore the original frequency level after the frame is decoded.

[0029] The further optimized solution also includes a collaborative power supply anomaly handling step:

[0030] When the power supply voltage drops below the nominal value by more than a predetermined percentage, video decoding is paused and the system-on-a-chip is reduced to the lowest frequency and unnecessary peripherals are turned off.

[0031] A power supply error message is sent to the connected TV via the auxiliary channel of the display interface, and the TV displays operation suggestions overlay.

[0032] The power supply voltage is sampled at predetermined intervals, and the power supply negotiation and service restoration process is re-executed once the recovery conditions are met.

[0033] A further optimization scheme includes, when the flag indicates that the power supply supports dynamic power adjustment during operation, a dynamic power request step is also included:

[0034] Before switching the content to a high bitrate, a power increase request is sent to the power supply end. If the negotiation is successful, the maximum power supply capacity parameter is updated and the working mode is reselected.

[0035] Before the system enters a low-load state, it sends a power reduction request to the power supply end to release the power supply quota.

[0036] A further optimization scheme is that a preferred configuration for the mapping relationship between the power supply budget and the operating mode is as follows:

[0037] When the maximum power supply capability parameter is greater than or equal to the first power threshold, it is configured to the first working mode, supporting video decoding of the highest level of resolution and frame rate combination and enabling the Wi-Fi module and Bluetooth module.

[0038] When the maximum power supply capability parameter is less than the first power threshold and greater than or equal to the third power threshold, it is configured to the second working mode, supporting video decoding of the second highest resolution and frame rate combination and enabling the Wi-Fi module and Bluetooth module.

[0039] When the maximum power supply capability parameter is between the second power threshold and the third power threshold, it is configured as the third working mode, which supports video decoding of medium-level resolution and frame rate combination and only enables the Wi-Fi module;

[0040] When the maximum power supply capacity parameter is less than the second power threshold, it is configured to the fourth working mode, which supports video decoding of the basic level resolution and frame rate combination and turns off the Wi-Fi module and Bluetooth module. The energy storage buffer module is in the discharge auxiliary state by default.

[0041] The first power threshold, the second power threshold, and the third power threshold are power thresholds calibrated according to the set-top box hardware specifications, and satisfy the condition that the first power threshold > the third power threshold > the second power threshold.

[0042] Secondly, this application provides a dynamic power consumption adaptive system for a plug-in set-top box, comprising:

[0043] The power supply interaction unit is configured to interact with the power supply end through the external power supply interface connected to the plug-in set-top box to obtain a power supply capability descriptor containing the maximum power supply capability parameter.

[0044] The mode decision unit is configured to select the current working mode based on the maximum power supply capacity parameter and according to the preset power supply budget and working mode mapping relationship;

[0045] The configuration and monitoring unit is configured to configure the power consumption of the subsystem of the plug-in set-top box according to the selected current working mode and enter a continuous monitoring loop. It periodically monitors the actual power consumption of the system and the status of the power supply. When the actual power consumption of the system exceeds a predetermined proportion of the maximum power supply capacity parameter, the working mode is downgraded step by step. When the actual power consumption of the system is lower than a predetermined proportion of the maximum power supply capacity parameter and continues for a predetermined time, the working mode is evaluated and upgraded. After each determination, it returns to the next iteration.

[0046] The bitstream parsing and energy storage scheduling unit is configured to, during the continuous monitoring cycle, based on real-time monitored power consumption and power supply status data, parse the header information of the input bitstream during the video decoding process to predict the decoding start time of instantaneous high-load decoding frames, and based on the initial state of the energy storage buffer configured in the selected current working mode, switch the energy storage buffer module to the discharge-assisted state before processing the high-load decoding frame, so as to support the instantaneous power consumption demand in a parallel power supply mode.

[0047] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0048] The power supply capability descriptor obtained through interaction with the external power supply interface is combined with the automatic selection and real-time power consumption closed-loop upgrade and downgrade mechanism that maps the preset power supply budget to the working mode, thereby eliminating the need for manual configuration for different power supply environments, adapting to multi-scenario deployment of wide-span power supply interfaces and preserving usable decoding specifications as much as possible.

[0049] By analyzing the video stream header to predict instantaneous high-load decoding frames and combining this with a parallel power supply method that uses a pre-switching discharge-assisted energy storage buffer module, the risk of power overload caused by instantaneous peaks can be reduced, ultimately lowering the probability of unexpected shutdowns under power-constrained conditions and maintaining playback continuity. Attached Figure Description

[0050] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0051] In the attached image:

[0052] Figure 1 A flowchart of a dynamic power consumption adaptive method for a plug-in set-top box provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0053] Figure 2 This is an overall flowchart of the dynamic power consumption adaptive method for a plug-in set-top box provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0054] Figure 3 This is a diagram of a dynamic power consumption adaptive system architecture for a plug-in set-top box provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0055] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0056] First, some of the technical terms used in this application will be explained to help those skilled in the art understand this application.

[0057] GPMI: General Purpose Multimedia Interface;

[0058] USB: Universal Serial Bus;

[0059] USB PD: USB Power Delivery, an extended protocol for USB power delivery.

[0060] SRC_CAP: Source Capabilities, a list of source-side capabilities;

[0061] PDO: Power Data Object;

[0062] SoC: System on Chip;

[0063] NALU: Network Abstraction Layer Unit;

[0064] IDR: Instantaneous Decoding Refresh;

[0065] CRA: Clean Random Access;

[0066] SL: Sideband Link;

[0067] HDMI-CEC: High-Definition Multimedia Interface Consumer Electronics Control.

[0068] Wi-Fi: Wireless Fidelity.

[0069] Firstly, such as Figures 1-2 As shown, this application provides a dynamic power consumption adaptive method for a plug-in set-top box, including:

[0070] Step S1: Interact with the power supply terminal through the external power supply interface connected to the plug-in set-top box to obtain a power supply capacity descriptor containing the maximum power supply capacity parameter;

[0071] Step S2: Based on the maximum power supply capacity parameter, select the current working mode according to the preset power supply budget and working mode mapping relationship;

[0072] Step S3: Configure the power consumption of the subsystem of the plug-in set-top box according to the selected current working mode, and enter the continuous monitoring loop. Periodically monitor the actual power consumption of the system and the status of the power supply. When the actual power consumption of the system exceeds the predetermined proportion of the maximum power supply capacity parameter, the working mode is downgraded step by step. When the actual power consumption of the system is lower than the predetermined proportion of the maximum power supply capacity parameter and continues for a predetermined time, the working mode is evaluated and upgraded. After each determination, return to the next iteration.

[0073] Step S4: During the continuous monitoring cycle, based on the real-time monitored power consumption and power supply status data, the header information of the input bitstream is analyzed during the video decoding process to predict the decoding start time of the instantaneous high-load decoding frame. Based on the initial state of the energy storage buffer configured in the selected current working mode, the energy storage buffer module is switched to the discharge-assisted state before the high-load decoding frame is processed, so as to support the instantaneous power consumption requirements in a parallel power supply mode.

[0074] This embodiment proactively senses the actual electrical boundaries of the power supply end through power supply negotiation, matches corresponding computing power and decoding specifications according to the power supply budget, smoothly adjusts the operating level based on real-time power consumption closed loop, and predicts high-load frames by combining video bitstream syntax features and pre-schedules energy storage to support peak loads. It establishes a linkage link between the interface power supply protocol and the device power consumption strategy, which avoids the hardware performance waste caused by locking low picture quality with the lowest power supply in traditional solutions, and solves the problem of unexplained crashes and restarts caused by forcing high loads when the power supply is insufficient. It can automatically adapt to the entire power supply range from USB 2.0 to GPMI to achieve the best experience in terms of both picture quality and stability, thus clearing the power supply compatibility obstacles for the large-scale deployment of plug-in set-top boxes across TV models.

[0075] In one embodiment, step S1: Interacting with the power supply terminal through the external power supply interface connected to the plug-in set-top box to obtain a power supply capability descriptor containing the maximum power supply capability parameter, specifically including the following steps:

[0076] Step S11: Scan the configuration channel level characteristics of the physical interface, determine the currently effective power supply protocol type and select the corresponding capability interaction branch, and synchronously mark the dynamic adjustment support flag;

[0077] In GPMI connection or USB PD negotiation scenarios, the dynamic adjustment support flag will be marked as true, while the dynamic adjustment support flag for static USB or unknown interfaces will be marked as false.

[0078] Specifically, the physical interfaces are scanned in the following order: first, GPMI Universal Multimedia Interface connection is checked; then, USB interface and USB PD protocol support are checked; finally, static USB or unknown interface is determined.

[0079] If a GPMI connection is detected, enter the dedicated power negotiation branch of the power supply link (PL). If the negotiation is successful, the negotiation status is marked as true.

[0080] If a USB interface is detected and the power supply supports the USB PD protocol, read the SRC_CAP capability list broadcast by the power supply and send a REQUEST message to complete the handshake. If the negotiation is successful, the negotiation status is marked as true.

[0081] In other cases, the static power supply branch is included, and if negotiation is not required or fails, the negotiation status is marked as false.

[0082] Step S12: Based on the selected corresponding capability interaction branch, read the voltage level and current limit declared by the power supply end, or call the preset physical layer rated parameters through the static branch to solve the theoretical maximum output capability of the current power supply circuit.

[0083] Specifically, under the dynamic negotiation branch, the list of Power Delivery Objects (PDOs) broadcast by the power supply is read and priority is given to those that enable the maximum available power. The largest voltage and current combination initiates a handshake request;

[0084] Preferably, the maximum available power is calculated according to the following formula:

[0085] ;

[0086] in, This refers to the negotiated output voltage value. This indicates the maximum continuous output current allowed by the power supply, i.e., the negotiated maximum current.

[0087] Step S13: Based on the determined power supply type and dynamic adjustment support flag, as well as the obtained negotiated voltage, negotiated maximum current, and maximum available power. The negotiation status boolean value and other fields are aggregated, constructed into a power supply capability descriptor, and sent to the power consumption policy engine.

[0088] The power supply capability descriptor is structured data and contains the following fields:

[0089] Table 1. Description of Power Supply Capability Descriptor Fields

[0090]

[0091] Specifically, for abnormal scenarios where the protocol type cannot be identified, a conservative rated power of 2.5W is used as the maximum power value, and the dynamic adjustment support flag is set to false to ensure basic operational safety.

[0092] This embodiment enables the set-top box to know the true electrical boundary of the power supply end at the initial power-on stage through the interaction of the power supply interface protocol and the linkage of local power calculation. This provides a basis for the adaptive matching of the subsequent working mode and reduces the risk of blind configuration and unexpected downtime due to unclear power supply capabilities.

[0093] In one embodiment, step S2: Based on the maximum power supply capacity parameter, the current working mode is selected according to the preset power supply budget and working mode mapping relationship, specifically including the following steps:

[0094] Step S21: Receive the power supply capacity descriptor issued by the power supply negotiation module and extract the maximum available power. Based on the preset mapping relationship between power supply budget and working mode, the target level that is adapted to the current power supply margin is defined, and the initial scheduling instructions with mode identifier are obtained.

[0095] Specifically, based on the extracted maximum available power The operating mode of the plug-in set-top box is determined by the following power threshold:

[0096] ;

[0097] in, , , These are the predefined high, medium, and low power supply capability thresholds in the mapping table, used to distinguish the power supply characteristics of high-power aggregation interfaces from ordinary serial bus interfaces;

[0098] Specifically, the full performance mode corresponds to ≥10W configuration SoC 100% frequency and 4K 60fps, with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth modules enabled, energy storage buffer charging on standby, typical application scenario is GPMI Type-B / C interface;

[0099] Standard mode corresponds to 4.5W≤ <10W configuration with 70% frequency and 4K 30fps, with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth enabled;

[0100] Energy-saving mode corresponds to 2.5W≤ <4.5W configuration with 50% frequency and 1080P 60fps, Wi-Fi only, Bluetooth off;

[0101] Extreme mode correspondence <2.5W configuration with 30% frequency and 1080P 30fps, wireless module disabled, energy storage buffer discharge assistance.

[0102] If the resolution of the input media source exceeds the decoding limit allowed for the current level, a hardware scaler will be enabled at the decoding pipeline inlet to downsample the source stream to the target specification before sending it to the decoding core.

[0103] Step S22: Based on the preset configuration template of the locked target gear index, match the central processing unit operating frequency ratio, video decoding output limit and peripheral module power supply enable status item by item to generate a whole machine adjustment list covering the balance of computing power and energy consumption.

[0104] The power consumption strategy engine has a pre-stored power budget and operating mode mapping table, specifically defined as follows:

[0105] Table 2 shows the power consumption strategy engine's pre-stored power budget and operating mode mapping table.

[0106]

[0107] Mapping table design description:

[0108] The SoC frequency levels are set with the "highest frequency" as 100%, and the frequency and voltage are reduced proportionally for each level.

[0109] The maximum video decoding resolution refers to the highest resolution that the set-top box can stably decode and output in the current mode. When the input source stream resolution exceeds this value, the source stream is downsampled to the target resolution before decoding using a hardware scaler.

[0110] In the energy storage buffer mode, "discharge assist" means that the capacitor is connected in parallel with the power supply when there is a momentary high power consumption; "charging standby" means that the capacitor is in a fully charged state and ready to use under normal conditions.

[0111] Specifically, the dynamic voltage and frequency modulation parameters are configured with the highest frequency as a 100% normalized reference:

[0112] Full performance mode compatibility ≥10W, video decoding up to 4K 60fps, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth modules enabled, energy storage buffer charging in standby mode;

[0113] Standard mode corresponds to 4.5W≤ <10W, video decoding up to 4K 30fps, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth modules enabled;

[0114] Energy-saving mode corresponds to 2.5W≤ <4.5W, video decoding up to 1080P 60fps, Wi-Fi only, Bluetooth off;

[0115] Extreme mode correspondence <2.5W, video decoding up to 1080P 30fps, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth off, energy storage buffer discharge assistance;

[0116] If the resolution of the input media source exceeds the decoding limit allowed for the current level, a hardware scaler will be enabled at the decoding pipeline inlet to downsample the source stream to the target specification before sending it to the decoding core.

[0117] Step S23: Combine the energy storage buffer strategy associated with the current gear position to complete the adjustment list, send the integrated complete configuration set to the execution control module to drive each circuit unit to take effect synchronously, and return the mode switching ready signal.

[0118] Preferably, when the target level is the extreme mode, the energy storage buffer module is preset to the discharge auxiliary state to share the peak value with the parallel power rail, and the other levels are kept in the charging standby state to ensure sufficient capacitor reserves.

[0119] This embodiment combines segmented mapping of power supply budget values ​​and multi-level working modes with adaptive trimming of decoding specifications and pre-configuration of energy storage status, enabling the set-top box to anchor a safe power consumption operating range during startup, reducing the probability of unexpected downtime in power-constrained scenarios and preserving acceptable continuity of audiovisual experience.

[0120] In one embodiment, step S3: Configure the power consumption of the subsystem of the plug-in set-top box according to the selected current working mode, and enter a continuous monitoring loop. Periodically monitor the actual power consumption of the system and the status of the power supply. When the actual power consumption of the system exceeds a predetermined proportion of the maximum power supply capacity parameter, the working mode is gradually lowered. When the actual power consumption of the system is lower than a predetermined proportion of the maximum power supply capacity parameter for a predetermined time, the working mode is evaluated and raised. After each determination, the process returns to the next iteration. Specifically, the steps are as follows:

[0121] Step S31: Periodically capture the power rail current sensing signal and the power supply terminal voltage sampling sequence, and output the current total power consumption value and the real-time voltage drop data of the power supply terminal after sliding mean filtering and multiplication operation.

[0122] The built-in power consumption monitoring unit synchronously reads the energy consumption distribution characteristics of each functional subsystem as an auxiliary reference for mode migration.

[0123] Specifically, the total power consumption is determined by the following formula:

[0124] ;

[0125] In the formula, Let N be the current sample value of the i-th time, and N be the number of samples in the sliding window. This is the current system operating voltage.

[0126] Step S32: Compare the real-time total power consumption value with the maximum available power boundary in the power supply capacity descriptor with hysteresis. If the power consumption exceeds the warning ratio and remains at the preset time, output the working mode downgrade command or jump to the power supply abnormality branch.

[0127] Specifically, the decision logic can be expressed as follows:

[0128] ;

[0129] in, The threshold for exceeding the limit, For the duration of exceeding the limit, This is the lower limit for the downgrade trigger time.

[0130] If the actual power consumption of the system exceeds 90% of the maximum power supply capacity and lasts for 500ms, the current working mode will be downgraded by one level according to the preset mapping table; if the above over-limit conditions are still met even in the extreme mode, the system will directly jump to the power supply anomaly collaborative processing branch.

[0131] If the measured voltage at the power supply end drops by more than 10% relative to the nominal value, it is determined that the overload protection is about to be triggered, and the decoding task is immediately suspended and the power supply abnormality collaborative processing branch is switched.

[0132] If the actual power consumption of the system is less than 50% of the maximum power supply capacity for 30 seconds and the current operating mode is not the highest, calculate the estimated power consumption after the upgrade. If it is less than 80% of the maximum power supply capacity, then upgrade the operating mode by one level.

[0133] Step S33: After the total power consumption drops back to the low level range, maintain the preset observation window and output the feasibility result of mode adjustment based on the typical energy consumption estimate of the previous working mode.

[0134] During the estimation process, it is simultaneously verified whether the estimated power consumption after the upgrade is lower than the safety margin line of the maximum available power, so as to avoid frequent oscillations caused by load jumps.

[0135] The conditions for upgrading and releasing the vehicle can be described as follows:

[0136] ;

[0137] In the formula, The low water level threshold To observe the duration of the window, Estimating power consumption for the next higher level mode. This is the safety margin threshold.

[0138] Among them, the low water level threshold With a 50% setting, the observation window length is set to 30 seconds, and the safety margin threshold is set to 80%. Upgrade evaluation is only performed in non-maximum working modes.

[0139] After the feasibility results of this upward adjustment are output, the process returns to step S31 to continue the next round of power consumption monitoring and mode adjustment iteration.

[0140] This embodiment uses a multi-time-window upgrade / downgrade determination with hysteresis threshold combined with a voltage drop early warning mechanism to smoothly transition the switching process between different power consumption levels and reduce frequent mode oscillations caused by instantaneous load fluctuations.

[0141] In one embodiment, step S4: During the continuous monitoring cycle, based on the real-time monitored power consumption and power supply status data, the header information of the input bitstream is parsed during the video decoding process to predict the decoding start time of the instantaneous high-load decoding frame. Based on the initial state of the energy storage buffer configured in the selected current working mode, the energy storage buffer module is switched to the discharge-assisted state before the high-load decoding frame is processed, so as to support the instantaneous power consumption requirements in a parallel power supply manner. Specifically, this includes the following steps:

[0142] Step S41: Read the network abstraction layer units of the video input bitstream frame by frame and scan only the VCL NALU header type identifier to determine whether the next frame to be decoded is a momentary high load frame.

[0143] When the type of VCL NALU is parsed as IDR or CRA, the next frame is determined to be an I-frame, i.e., a momentary high-load frame.

[0144] Step S42: When the next frame to be decoded is determined to be a momentary high-load frame, the decoding start time of the high-load frame is calculated by combining the current frame rate and the number of buffered frames. Based on this, a switching command is sent to the energy storage buffer module composed of supercapacitors to switch from charging standby state to discharging auxiliary state.

[0145] Specifically, if the current operating mode is not extreme mode 50 milliseconds before the estimated arrival time, the energy storage buffer module will switch from charging standby mode to discharge auxiliary mode connected in parallel with the system power rail. If the current mode is extreme mode, the energy storage buffer module will maintain the discharge auxiliary mode. If it is predicted that the remaining power of the supercapacitor is insufficient to support the complete I-frame decoding, the SoC operating frequency will be reduced by an additional 10%-20% before the start time. After the I-frame decoding is completed, the original frequency level will be restored, so that the power supply and the energy storage unit can share the instantaneous power consumption requirements.

[0146] The instantaneous available power of the system after the switch can be determined by the following formula:

[0147] ;

[0148] in, The maximum continuous power negotiated by the power supply side. This refers to the discharge power that the energy storage buffer module can output.

[0149] Step S43: After the triggered power supply mode switching command is executed and before I-frame decoding begins, if the remaining power of the energy storage unit, combined with the capacitor voltage and the estimated I-frame power consumption, is found to be lower than the threshold for supporting complete high-load decoding, the computing power parameters are temporarily adjusted to narrow the instantaneous power consumption gap.

[0150] Preferably, the operating frequency of the main control unit is reduced by 10% to 20% in the first 50ms of the I-frame.

[0151] Once the I-frame decoding is complete and the next frame is detected to be a P-frame or a B-frame, the original frequency configuration of the main control unit is restored. If the current working mode is not the extreme mode, the energy storage buffer module is switched back to the charging standby state. If it is the extreme mode, the discharge auxiliary state is maintained.

[0152] This embodiment uses a pre-switching mechanism based on video stream syntax features and energy storage power supply topology to smooth out instantaneous peak fluctuations during decoding in power-constrained environments.

[0153] In one embodiment, the dynamic power consumption adaptive method for plug-in set-top boxes provided in this application further includes a power supply anomaly collaborative processing step, which is executed as an anomaly branch triggered by real-time monitoring logic:

[0154] When the power supply voltage drops by more than 10% relative to the nominal value, video decoding is paused and the current last frame is displayed on the TV. The system-on-a-chip is reduced to the lowest frequency and unnecessary peripherals are turned off.

[0155] The system sends a power supply error message to the connected TV via GPMI Auxiliary Link (SL) or HDMI-CEC protocol, suggesting actions such as replacing the USB 3.0 port or using a separate power adapter. The TV then displays the suggested actions.

[0156] The power supply voltage is sampled at 1-second intervals. If the voltage recovers to more than 95% of the nominal value and lasts for more than 5 seconds, it is determined that the power supply has recovered and the power supply negotiation process is re-executed.

[0157] When the dynamic adjustment support flag is true, a dynamic power request step is also included:

[0158] When a user switches from low bitrate content to high bitrate content such as 4K and requires higher power, a power increase request is sent to the power supply end. If the negotiation is successful, the maximum power supply capacity parameter is updated and the working mode is reselected.

[0159] When the system switches from 4K content to a lower bitrate or enters standby mode, it sends a power reduction request to the power supply to release power quota and reduce the burden on the power supply.

[0160] Secondly, this application provides a dynamic power consumption adaptive system for a plug-in set-top box, comprising:

[0161] The power supply interaction unit is configured to interact with the power supply end through the external power supply interface connected to the plug-in set-top box to obtain a power supply capability descriptor containing the maximum power supply capability parameter.

[0162] The mode decision unit is configured to select the current working mode based on the maximum power supply capacity parameter and according to the preset power supply budget and working mode mapping relationship;

[0163] The configuration and monitoring unit is configured to configure the power consumption of the subsystem of the plug-in set-top box according to the selected current working mode and enter a continuous monitoring loop. It periodically monitors the actual power consumption of the system and the status of the power supply. When the actual power consumption of the system exceeds a predetermined proportion of the maximum power supply capacity parameter, the working mode is downgraded step by step. When the actual power consumption of the system is lower than a predetermined proportion of the maximum power supply capacity parameter and continues for a predetermined time, the working mode is evaluated and upgraded. After each determination, it returns to the next iteration.

[0164] The bitstream parsing and energy storage scheduling unit is configured to, during the continuous monitoring cycle, based on real-time monitored power consumption and power supply status data, parse the header information of the input bitstream during the video decoding process to predict the decoding start time of instantaneous high-load decoding frames, and based on the initial state of the energy storage buffer configured in the selected current working mode, switch the energy storage buffer module to the discharge-assisted state before processing the high-load decoding frame, so as to support the instantaneous power consumption demand in a parallel power supply mode.

[0165] like Figure 3 As shown, the power supply interaction unit corresponds to the power supply negotiation module in the diagram, which obtains power supply capability through the GPMI PL link (power supply link) / USB interface; the configuration and monitoring unit corresponds to the power consumption monitoring module and NVRAM in the diagram, which transmits real-time power consumption; the mode decision unit corresponds to the power consumption strategy engine in the diagram, which integrates power supply capability and real-time power consumption to generate strategy instructions, and sends them to the stream parsing and energy storage scheduling unit to schedule the SoC DVFS, video decoder, Wi-Fi / Bluetooth module and energy storage buffer module to perform control, thereby realizing adaptive closed-loop control of the whole machine power consumption.

[0166] The functions of each module in the above-mentioned dynamic power consumption adaptive device for plug-in set-top boxes correspond to the steps in the above-mentioned dynamic power consumption adaptive method embodiment for plug-in set-top boxes, and their functions and implementation processes will not be described in detail here.

[0167] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a plug-in set-top box hardware entity, including a processor, a memory, and a connection interface. The processor is configured to execute a program stored in the memory to run the steps of the aforementioned dynamic power consumption adaptive method. The memory is used to store a power supply capability descriptor field and a working mode mapping table. The connection interface is used to connect to the GPMI or USB power supply port of a television. The method executed by the processor when calling the program can be referred to the method embodiments of this application, and will not be repeated here.

[0168] Fourthly, embodiments of this application also provide a readable storage medium.

[0169] The present application has a readable storage medium storing a dynamic power consumption adaptation program for a plug-in set-top box, wherein when the dynamic power consumption adaptation program for the plug-in set-top box is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the dynamic power consumption adaptation method for the plug-in set-top box as described above.

[0170] The method implemented when the dynamic power consumption adaptive program of the plug-in set-top box is executed can be referred to in various embodiments of the dynamic power consumption adaptive method of the plug-in set-top box in this application, and will not be repeated here.

[0171] It should be noted that the sequence numbers of the embodiments in this application are for descriptive purposes only and do not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments.

[0172] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dynamic power consumption adaptive method for a plug-in set-top box, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The external power supply interface connected to the plug-in set-top box interacts with the power supply terminal to obtain a power supply capacity descriptor containing the maximum power supply capacity parameter. Based on the maximum power supply capacity parameter, the current working mode is selected according to the preset power supply budget and working mode mapping relationship; The power consumption of the plug-in set-top box subsystem is configured according to the selected current working mode, and a continuous monitoring loop is entered. The actual power consumption of the system and the status of the power supply are periodically monitored. When the actual power consumption of the system exceeds the predetermined proportion of the maximum power supply capacity parameter, the working mode is downgraded step by step. When the actual power consumption of the system is lower than the predetermined proportion of the maximum power supply capacity parameter and continues for a predetermined time, the working mode is evaluated and upgraded. After each judgment is completed, the process returns to the next iteration. During the continuous monitoring cycle, based on the real-time monitored power consumption and power supply status data, the header information of the input bitstream is analyzed during the video decoding process to predict the decoding start time of the instantaneous high-load decoding frame. Based on the initial state of the energy storage buffer configured in the selected current working mode, the energy storage buffer module is switched to the discharge-assisted state before the high-load decoding frame is processed, so as to support the instantaneous power consumption requirements in a parallel power supply mode.

2. The dynamic power consumption adaptive method for a plug-in set-top box according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of obtaining the power supply capacity descriptor containing the maximum power supply capacity parameter specifically includes: Identify the protocol type of the external power supply interface, use the corresponding interaction method for different types to obtain the upper limit information of the voltage and current output of the power supply terminal, calculate the maximum available power as the maximum power supply capacity parameter, and generate an identifier bit to indicate whether the power supply terminal supports dynamic power adjustment during operation.

3. The dynamic power consumption adaptive method for a plug-in set-top box according to claim 1, characterized in that, The operating mode requires differentiated configuration of at least the following four types of operating parameters: The frequency and voltage level of the system-on-a-chip are achieved through a dynamic voltage and frequency adjustment mechanism. The resolution processing strategy for video decoding includes downsampling adaptation for oversized source streams; The power supply status of the wireless peripheral module is controlled by a power gating signal; The energy storage buffer module has two operating modes: charging standby and discharging assistance.

4. The dynamic power consumption adaptive method for a plug-in set-top box according to claim 1, characterized in that, The continuous monitoring of the system's actual power consumption and adjustment of its operating mode specifically includes: Set the power consumption over-limit threshold ratio and over-limit duration, and downgrade the working mode level when the monitored values ​​exceed the limit simultaneously; Set the power surplus threshold ratio and duration. When the monitored values ​​meet the standard and are not in the highest working mode, calculate the estimated power consumption after adjustment and adjust the working mode level when it is below the safety margin threshold.

5. The dynamic power consumption adaptive method for a plug-in set-top box according to claim 1, characterized in that, The instantaneous high-load decoding frame includes an instantaneous decoding refresh frame or a random access frame. Switching the energy storage buffer module to the discharge-assisted state specifically includes: The network abstraction layer unit header that parses the bitstream identifies the instantaneous high-load decoding frame, estimates the decoding start time of the instantaneous high-load decoding frame, connects the energy storage element in the energy storage buffer module to the system power rail within a predetermined time before the start time, and disconnects the discharge circuit after the instantaneous high-load decoding frame is decoded.

6. The dynamic power consumption adaptive method for a plug-in set-top box according to claim 5, characterized in that, If it is predicted that the remaining power of the energy storage element is insufficient to support the full peak power consumption, the operating frequency of the system-on-a-chip will be reduced by a predetermined ratio before the start time, and the original frequency level will be restored after the frame is decoded.

7. The dynamic power consumption adaptive method for a plug-in set-top box according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes steps for collaborative handling of power supply anomalies: When the power supply voltage drops below the nominal value by more than a predetermined percentage, video decoding is paused and the system-on-a-chip is reduced to the lowest frequency and unnecessary peripherals are turned off. A power supply error message is sent to the connected TV via the auxiliary channel of the display interface, and the TV displays operation suggestions overlay. The power supply voltage is sampled at predetermined intervals, and the power supply negotiation and service restoration process is re-executed once the recovery conditions are met.

8. The dynamic power consumption adaptive method for a plug-in set-top box according to claim 2, characterized in that, When the flag indicates that the power supply supports dynamic power adjustment during operation, the process also includes a dynamic power request step: Before switching the content to a high bitrate, a power increase request is sent to the power supply end. If the negotiation is successful, the maximum power supply capacity parameter is updated and the working mode is reselected. Before the system enters a low-load state, it sends a power reduction request to the power supply end to release the power supply quota.

9. The dynamic power consumption adaptive method for a plug-in set-top box according to claim 3, characterized in that, A preferred configuration for the mapping relationship between the power supply budget and the operating mode is as follows: When the maximum power supply capability parameter is greater than or equal to the first power threshold, it is configured to the first working mode, supporting video decoding of the highest level of resolution and frame rate combination and enabling the Wi-Fi module and Bluetooth module. When the maximum power supply capability parameter is less than the first power threshold and greater than or equal to the third power threshold, it is configured to the second working mode, supporting video decoding of the second highest resolution and frame rate combination and enabling the Wi-Fi module and Bluetooth module. When the maximum power supply capability parameter is between the second power threshold and the third power threshold, it is configured as the third working mode, which supports video decoding of medium-level resolution and frame rate combination and only enables the Wi-Fi module; When the maximum power supply capacity parameter is less than the second power threshold, it is configured to the fourth working mode, which supports video decoding of the basic level resolution and frame rate combination and turns off the Wi-Fi module and Bluetooth module. The energy storage buffer module is in the discharge auxiliary state by default. The first power threshold, the second power threshold, and the third power threshold are power thresholds calibrated according to the set-top box hardware specifications, and satisfy the condition that the first power threshold > the third power threshold > the second power threshold.

10. A dynamic power consumption adaptive system for a plug-in set-top box, characterized in that, include: The power supply interaction unit is configured to interact with the power supply end through the external power supply interface connected to the plug-in set-top box to obtain a power supply capability descriptor containing the maximum power supply capability parameter. The mode decision unit is configured to select the current working mode based on the maximum power supply capacity parameter and according to the preset power supply budget and working mode mapping relationship; The configuration and monitoring unit is configured to configure the power consumption of the subsystem of the plug-in set-top box according to the selected current working mode and enter a continuous monitoring loop. It periodically monitors the actual power consumption of the system and the status of the power supply. When the actual power consumption of the system exceeds a predetermined proportion of the maximum power supply capacity parameter, the working mode is downgraded step by step. When the actual power consumption of the system is lower than a predetermined proportion of the maximum power supply capacity parameter and continues for a predetermined time, the working mode is evaluated and upgraded. After each determination, it returns to the next iteration. The bitstream parsing and energy storage scheduling unit is configured to, during the continuous monitoring cycle, based on real-time monitored power consumption and power supply status data, parse the header information of the input bitstream during the video decoding process to predict the decoding start time of instantaneous high-load decoding frames, and based on the initial state of the energy storage buffer configured in the selected current working mode, switch the energy storage buffer module to the discharge-assisted state before processing the high-load decoding frame, so as to support the instantaneous power consumption demand in a parallel power supply mode.

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