Systems and methods for respiratory drapes

Abstract

A method includes receiving first data associated with a user participating in an adaptive training session for using a respiratory therapy system, extracting first respiratory information from the first data, presenting a first drag program to the user during the adaptive training session, the presentation of the first drag program including generating a first drag waveform and presenting a first drag stimulus based at least in part on the first drag waveform, generating a drag coherence score indicating a coherence between the first respiratory information and the first drag waveform, receiving second data associated with the user participating in a current sleep session, and presenting a second drag program to the user during the current sleep session, the second drag program based at least in part on the second data, the drag coherence score, or both.

Description

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications

[0002] This application claims the benefit and priority of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 657,399, filed June 7, 2024, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 563,205, filed March 8, 2024, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0003] This disclosure relates to systems and methods for regulating a user’s breathing rhythm, and more particularly to systems and methods for regulating a user’s breathing rhythm via drag stimulation. Background Technology

[0004] Many individuals suffer from sleep-related and / or breathing disorders, such as, for example, sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), which can include obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), central sleep apnea (CSA), other types of apnea such as mixed apnea and hypopnea, and respiratory effort-related microarousing (RERA). These individuals may also have other health conditions (which may be referred to as comorbidities), such as insomnia (characterized by, for example, difficulty falling asleep, frequent or prolonged awakenings after initial sleep onset and / or early awakenings without being able to fall back asleep), periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD), restless legs syndrome (RLS), Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR), respiratory insufficiency, obesity-related hyperventilation syndrome (OHS), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), neuromuscular disease (NMD), rapid eye movement (REM) behavior disorder (also known as RBD), dream interpretation behavior (DEB), hypertension, diabetes, stroke, and chest wall disorders.

[0005] These disorders are typically treated with respiratory therapy systems, such as continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) systems, which deliver pressurized air to help prevent an individual's airway from narrowing or collapsing during sleep. However, some users experience difficulty falling asleep, maintaining sleep, and / or waking comfortably when using respiratory therapy devices. Therefore, not only are these users negatively affected by sleep difficulties, but they may also choose to discontinue use of the respiratory therapy device, which can further exacerbate their sleep-related and / or breathing-related disorders. This disclosure aims to address these and other issues. Summary of the Invention

[0006] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, a method includes receiving first data associated with a user participating in an adaptation training period for using a respiratory therapy system. The method further includes extracting first respiratory information from the first data. The method also includes presenting a first dragging procedure to the user during the adaptation training period, the presentation of the first dragging procedure including generating at least a first dragging waveform and presenting at least a first dragging stimulus at least partially based on the first dragging waveform. The method further includes generating at least one dragging coherence score, the at least one dragging coherence score indicating the coherence between the first respiratory information and the first dragging waveform. The method also includes receiving second data associated with a user participating in a current sleep period. The method further includes presenting a second dragging procedure to the user during the current sleep period, the second dragging procedure being at least partially based on the second data, the at least one dragging coherence score, or both.

[0007] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, a method includes receiving first data associated with a user participating in an adaptation training period for using a respiratory therapy system. The method further includes extracting first respiratory information from the first data. The method also includes presenting a first dragging procedure to the user during the adaptation training period, the presentation of the first dragging procedure including generating a first dragging waveform and presenting a first dragging stimulus at least in part based on the first dragging waveform.

[0008] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, a method for presenting a dragging procedure during use of a breathing therapy system by a user during a sleep period includes: receiving dragging coherence data associated with one or more dragging stimuli presented to the user during an adaptation training period prior to the sleep period. The method further includes generating a dragging waveform based at least in part on the dragging coherence data. The method also includes presenting dragging stimuli to the user based at least in part on the dragging waveform, the dragging coherence data, or both.

[0009] The above overview is not intended to represent every embodiment or aspect of the invention. Additional features and benefits of the invention will become apparent from the detailed description and accompanying drawings set forth below. Attached Figure Description

[0010] Figure 1 This is a functional block diagram of a system for detecting water condensation (rainout) in a respiratory therapy system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0011] Figure 2 This is based on some embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 1 A perspective view of the system, the system's users, and the users' bed partners.

[0012] Figure 3 An exemplary timeline of sleep periods according to some embodiments of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0013] Figure 4 Examples of some embodiments according to this disclosure are illustrated. Figure 3 An exemplary sleep graph associated with sleep periods.

[0014] Figure 5 This is a process flowchart of a method for presenting a drag-and-drop procedure during an adaptive training period, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0015] Figure 6 This is a flowchart of a first method for presenting a drag-and-drop program during a sleep period, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0016] Figure 7 The pressure curve is an example of pressure regulation in a respiratory therapy system for inducing a user to breathe according to a target breathing pattern, based on some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0017] Figure 8A This is a graph illustrating a breathing rate trajectory and a drag stimulus trajectory for inducing a user to breathe according to a target breathing pattern, according to some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0018] Figure 8B This is a graph illustrating a breathing rate trajectory and a drag stimulation trajectory for inducing a user to breathe according to a target breathing pattern while the user is asleep, according to some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0019] Figure 9 This is a flowchart of a second method for presenting a drag-and-drop program during a sleep period, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0020] Figure 10 This is a flowchart of a third method for presenting a drag-and-drop procedure during a sleep period, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0021] Figure 11 This is a flowchart of a first method for presenting a drag-and-drop procedure during adaptive training and sleep periods, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0022] Figure 12 This is a flowchart of a second method for presenting a drag-and-drop procedure during adaptive training and sleep periods, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0023] Figure 13A This is a front view of a user device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, depicting a first view of a graphical user interface for dragging.

[0024] Figure 13B This is based on some embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 13A The front view of the user device depicts a second view of the graphical user interface used for dragging.

[0025] Figure 13C This is based on some embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 13A The front view of the user device depicts a third view of the graphical user interface used for dragging.

[0026] Figure 13D This is based on some embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 13A The front view of the user device depicts the fourth view of the graphical user interface used for dragging.

[0027] Figure 14A This is a front view of a user device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, depicting a first view of a graphical user interface for dragging using alternative dragging visual elements.

[0028] Figure 14B This is based on some embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 13A The front view of the user device depicts a second view of the graphical user interface used for dragging using alternative dragging visual elements.

[0029] Figure 14C This is based on some embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 13A The front view of the user device depicts a third view of the graphical user interface used for dragging using alternative dragging visual elements.

[0030] While this disclosure is readily adaptable to various modifications and alternative forms, particular embodiments and examples thereof have been shown by way of example in the accompanying drawings and will be described in detail herein. However, it should be understood that this is not intended to limit this disclosure to the specific forms disclosed, but rather, this disclosure is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and substitutions falling within the spirit and scope of this disclosure as defined by the appended claims. Detailed Implementation

[0031] This disclosure is described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which the same reference numerals are used throughout the drawings to denote similar or equivalent elements. The drawings are not drawn to scale and are for illustrative purposes only. Several aspects of this disclosure are described below with reference to exemplary applications for illustration.

[0032] Many individuals suffer from sleep-related and / or breathing disorders. Examples of sleep-related and / or breathing disorders include periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD), restless legs syndrome (RLS), sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), central sleep apnea (CSA), other types of apnea, Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR), respiratory insufficiency, obesity-related hyperventilation syndrome (OHS), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), neuromuscular disease (NMD), and chest wall disorders.

[0033] Many individuals suffer from sleep-related and / or breathing disorders, such as periodic limb tic disorder (PLMD), restless legs syndrome (RLS), sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), central sleep apnea (CSA) and other types of apnea, respiratory effort-related micro-awakening (RERA), Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR), respiratory insufficiency, obesity-related hyperventilation syndrome (OHS), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), neuromuscular diseases (NMD), and chest wall disorders. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a form of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) characterized by events during sleep involving closure or obstruction of the upper airway caused by a combination of abnormally small upper airway and loss of normal muscle tone in the tongue, soft palate, and posterior oropharyngeal wall regions. Central sleep apnea (CSA) is another form of sleep-disordered breathing. CSA occurs when the brain temporarily stops sending signals to the muscles that control breathing. Other types of apnea include hypoventilation, hyperventilation, and hypercapnia. Hypoventricular hypoventricular activity is typically characterized by slow or shallow breathing caused by a narrowed airway, rather than by airway obstruction. Hyperventricular activity is typically characterized by an increased depth and / or rate of breathing. Hypercapnia is typically characterized by an excess of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream and is usually caused by hypoventricular hypoventricular activity. Respiratory effort-related arousal (RERA) events are typically characterized by an increased respiratory effort lasting ten seconds or longer, resulting in arousal from sleep, and do not meet the criteria for apnea or hypoventricular events. RERA is defined as a respiratory sequence characterized by an increased respiratory effort leading to arousal from sleep, but not meeting the criteria for apnea or hypoventricular hypoventricular activity. These events must meet two criteria: (1) a gradually increasing pattern of esophageal pressure, culminating in a sudden change in pressure to a lower negative level and termination of the arousal, and (2) the event lasting ten seconds or longer. In some implementations, a nasal cannula / pressure transducer system is sufficient and reliable for detecting RERA. The RERA detector can be based on the actual flow signal derived from the respiratory therapy device. For example, a flow restriction measure can be determined based on the flow signal. An arousal measure can then be derived from the flow restriction measure and the measure of the sudden increase in ventilation. Such a method is described in WO 2008 / 138040, assigned to ResMed Ltd., and the disclosure of each of them is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0034] Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR) is another form of SDB. CSR is an impairment of the patient's respiratory control, characterized by rhythmic alternations of waxing and waning ventilation known as CSR cycles. CSR is characterized by repeated deoxygenation and reoxygenation of arterial blood. OHS is defined as a combination of severe obesity and chronic hypercapnia at wakefulness, without other known causes of hypoventilation. Symptoms include dyspnea, morning headache, and excessive daytime sleepiness. COPD encompasses any of the lower airway diseases with certain common features, such as increased resistance to air movement, prolonged expiratory phase of breathing, and loss of normal lung elasticity. NMD encompasses a wide range of diseases and conditions that impair muscle function directly via intrinsic muscular pathology or indirectly via neuropathy. Chest wall diseases are a group of chest deformities that result in inefficient coupling between the respiratory muscles and the pleural cavity.

[0035] Many of these disorders are characterized by specific events that may occur when an individual is sleeping (e.g., snoring, sleep apnea, insufficiency of breathing, restless legs, sleep disturbances, choking, rapid heart rate, difficulty breathing, asthma attacks, seizures, convulsions, or any combination thereof). Various types of data can be used to monitor the health of individuals who have any of the aforementioned types of sleep-related and / or breathing disorders (or other disorders).

[0036] The Apnea-Insufficiency Index (AHI) is an index used to indicate the severity of sleep apnea during sleep periods. The AHI is calculated by dividing the number of apnea and / or insufficiency events a user experiences during a sleep period by the total number of hours of sleep in that period. An event can be, for example, an apnea lasting at least 10 seconds. An AHI less than 5 is considered normal. An AHI greater than or equal to 5 but less than 15 is considered an indicator of mild sleep apnea. An AHI greater than or equal to 15 but less than 30 is considered an indicator of moderate sleep apnea. An AHI greater than or equal to 30 is considered an indicator of severe sleep apnea. In children, an AHI greater than 1 is considered abnormal. When the AHI is normal, or when the AHI is normal or mild, sleep apnea can be considered “controlled.” The AHI can also be used in conjunction with oxygen desaturation levels to indicate the severity of obstructive sleep apnea.

[0037] refer to Figure 1The diagram illustrates a system 10 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. System 10 may include any one or more of the following: a respiratory therapy system 100, a control system 200, a memory device 204, a drag module 206, a stimulation device 208, and one or more sensors 210. System 10 may additionally or alternatively include a user device 260, an activity tracker 270, and a blood pressure device 280. System 10 may be used to present a drag procedure involving presenting drag stimulation to a user to guide the user's breathing pattern to a desired target breathing pattern. The system may monitor user-associated data and use that data to adjust the drag stimulation as needed to guide the user to the target breathing pattern.

[0038] The respiratory therapy system 100 includes a respiratory pressure therapy (RPT) device 110 (referred to herein as respiratory therapy device 110), a user interface 120 (also referred to as a mask or patient interface), a catheter 140 (also referred to as a tube or air circuit), a display device 150, and a humidifier 160. Respiratory pressure therapy refers to the application of supplying air to the inlet of a user's airway at a controlled target pressure that is nominally positive relative to the atmosphere (e.g., as opposed to negative pressure therapy such as a canister ventilator or thoracic shield) throughout the user's respiratory cycle. The respiratory therapy system 100 is typically used to treat individuals suffering from one or more sleep-related breathing disorders (e.g., obstructive sleep apnea, central sleep apnea, or mixed sleep apnea).

[0039] The respiratory therapy system 100 can be used as, for example, a ventilator or a positive airway pressure (PAP) system, such as a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) system, an automated positive airway pressure (APAP) system, a bilevel or variable positive airway pressure (BPAP or VPAP) system, or any combination thereof. A CPAP system delivers a predetermined air pressure (e.g., determined by a sleep physician) to the user. An APAP system automatically changes the air pressure delivered to the user based on, for example, breathing data associated with the user. A BPAP or VPAP system is configured to deliver a first predetermined pressure (e.g., inspiratory positive airway pressure or IPAP) and a second predetermined pressure below the first predetermined pressure (e.g., expiratory positive airway pressure or EPAP).

[0040] like Figure 2 As shown, the respiratory therapy system 100 can be used to treat user 20. In this example, user 20 and bed partner 30 of the respiratory therapy system 100 are located on bed 40 and lying on mattress 42. User interface 120 can be worn by user 20 during sleep. The respiratory therapy system 100 generally helps to increase air pressure in user 20's throat to help prevent airway closure and / or narrowing during sleep. The respiratory therapy device 110 can be positioned as follows: Figure 2The bedside table 44 shown is directly adjacent to the bed 40, or more generally, is positioned on any surface or structure that is typically adjacent to the bed 40 and / or the user 20.

[0041] Return to reference Figure 1 The respiratory therapy device 110 is typically used to generate pressurized air to be delivered to a user (e.g., using one or more motors driving one or more compressors). In some embodiments, the respiratory therapy device 110 generates a continuous, constant air pressure to be delivered to the user. In other embodiments, the respiratory therapy device 110 generates two or more predetermined pressures (e.g., a first predetermined air pressure and a second predetermined air pressure). In still other embodiments, the respiratory therapy device 110 generates a variety of different air pressures within a predetermined range. For example, the respiratory therapy device 110 may deliver at least about 6 cmH2O, at least about 10 cmH2O, at least about 20 cmH2O, between about 6 cmH2O and about 10 cmH2O, between about 7 cmH2O and about 12 cmH2O, etc. The respiratory therapy device 110 may also deliver pressurized air at a predetermined flow rate between, for example, about -20 L / min and about 150 L / min, while maintaining positive pressure (relative to ambient pressure). In some embodiments, the control system 200 and / or the memory device 204 may be coupled to and / or located within the housing of the respiratory therapy device 110.

[0042] The respiratory therapy device 110 includes a housing 112, a blower motor 114, an air inlet 116, and an air outlet 118. The blower motor 114 is at least partially disposed within or integrated into the housing 112. The blower motor 114 draws air from outside the housing 112 (e.g., the atmosphere) via the air inlet 116 and directs pressurized air through a humidifier 160 and through the air outlet 118. In some embodiments, the air inlet 116 and / or the air outlet 118 include a cover movable between a closed position and an open position (e.g., to prevent or inhibit airflow through the air inlet 116 or the air outlet 118). The housing 112 may also include a vent to allow air to pass through the housing 112 to the air inlet 116. As described below, a conduit 140 is coupled to the air outlet 118 of the respiratory therapy device 110.

[0043] User interface 120 engages with a portion of the user's face and delivers pressurized air from respiratory therapy device 110 to the user's airway to help prevent airway narrowing and / or collapse during sleep. This also increases the user's oxygen intake during sleep. Generally, user interface 120 engages with the user's face such that pressurized air is delivered to the user's airway via the user's mouth, the user's nose, or both the user's mouth and nose. Generally, respiratory therapy system 100 forms an air passage extending between the motor of respiratory therapy device 110 and the user and / or the user's airway. Thus, the air passage fluidly coupled to the user's airway typically includes at least the motor of respiratory therapy device 110 and / or the respiratory therapy device 110 itself, user interface 120, and conduit 140. Pressurized air also increases the user's oxygen intake during sleep. Depending on the treatment to be applied, user interface 120 may, for example, form a seal with an area or portion of the user's face to facilitate the delivery of gas at a pressure sufficiently variable to the ambient pressure, such as a positive pressure of about 10 cmH2O relative to the ambient pressure to achieve the treatment. For other forms of treatment, such as oxygen delivery, the user interface may not include a seal sufficient to facilitate the delivery of a gas supply at a positive pressure of approximately 10 cmH2O to the airway.

[0044] User interface 120 may include, for example, a pad 122, a frame 124, a headgear 126, a connector 128, and one or more vents 130. Pad 122 and frame 124 define a volumetric space surrounding the user's mouth and / or nose. When the respiratory therapy system 100 is in use, this volumetric space receives pressurized air (e.g., from the respiratory therapy device 110 via a conduit 140) to enter the user's airway. Headgear 126 is generally used to help position and / or stabilize user interface 120 on a portion of the user (e.g., the face) and, together with pad 122 (which may include, for example, silicone, plastic, foam, etc.), helps to provide a substantially airtight seal between user interface 120 and user 20. In some embodiments, headgear 126 includes one or more straps (e.g., including hook-and-loop fasteners). Connector 128 is generally used to couple conduit 140 (e.g., connection and fluid coupling) to pad 122 and / or frame 124. Alternatively, the conduit 140 may be directly coupled to the liner 122 and / or the frame 124 without the connector 128. One or more vents 130 may be used to allow the user 20 to exhale carbon dioxide and other gases. The user interface 120 may typically include any suitable number of vents (e.g., one, two, five, ten, etc.).

[0045] like Figure 2As shown, in some embodiments, the user interface 120 is a mask (e.g., a full-face mask) that covers at least a portion of the nose and mouth of the user 20. Alternatively, the user interface 120 may be a nasal mask that supplies air to the user's nose or a nasal pillow that delivers air directly to the nostrils of the user 20. In other embodiments, the user interface 120 includes a suction nozzle (e.g., a night-time protective suction nozzle molded to conform to the user's teeth, a jaw repositioning device, etc.).

[0046] Return to reference Figure 1 The conduit 140 (also referred to as an air circuit or tube) allows air to flow between components of the respiratory therapy system 100, such as between the respiratory therapy device 110 and the user interface 120. In some embodiments, separate branches of the conduit may be present for inhalation and exhalation. In other embodiments, a single branch conduit is used for both inhalation and exhalation.

[0047] The conduit 140 includes a first end coupled to an air outlet 118 of the respiratory therapy device 110. Various techniques (e.g., press-fit, snap-fit, threaded, etc.) can be used to couple the first end to the air outlet 118 of the respiratory therapy device 110. In some embodiments, the conduit 140 includes one or more heating elements that heat pressurized air flowing through the conduit 140 (e.g., heat the air to a predetermined temperature or within a predetermined temperature range). Such heating elements may be coupled to and / or embedded in the conduit 140. In such embodiments, the first end may include electrical contacts electrically coupled to the respiratory therapy device 110 to power one or more heating elements of the conduit 140. For example, the electrical contacts may be electrically coupled to electrical contacts of the air outlet 118 of the respiratory therapy device 110. In this example, the electrical contacts of the conduit 140 may be male connectors, while the electrical contacts of the air outlet 118 may be female connectors, or alternatively, the reverse configuration may be used.

[0048] Display device 150 is typically used to display images, including still images, video images, or both, and / or information about respiratory therapy device 110. For example, display device 150 may provide information about the status of respiratory therapy device 110 (e.g., whether respiratory therapy device 110 is on / off, the pressure of the air delivered by respiratory therapy device 110, the temperature of the air delivered by respiratory therapy device 110, etc.) and / or other information (e.g., sleep scores and / or therapy scores (also known as myAir™ scores, as described in WO 2016 / 061629 and U.S. Patent Publication No. 2017 / 0311879, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety), current date / time, personal information of user 20, etc.). In some embodiments, display device 150 acts as a human-machine interface (HMI) including an input interface and a graphical user interface (GUI) configured to display images. Display device 150 may be an LED display, an OLED display, an LCD display, etc. The input interface may be, for example, a touch screen or touch-sensitive substrate, a mouse, a keyboard, or any sensor system configured to sense input made by a human user interacting with the respiratory therapy device 110.

[0049] Humidifier 160 is coupled to or integrated into respiratory therapy device 110 and includes a reservoir 162 for storing water, which can be used to humidify pressurized air supplied from respiratory therapy device 110. Humidifier 160 includes one or more heating elements 164 to heat the water in the reservoir to generate water vapor. Humidifier 160 may be fluidly coupled to a water vapor inlet of an air passage between blower motor 114 and air outlet 118, or may be formed in series with the air passage between blower motor 114 and air outlet 118. For example, air flows from air inlet 116 through blower motor 114 and then through humidifier 160 before leaving respiratory therapy device 110 via air outlet 118.

[0050] While the respiratory therapy system 100 has been described herein as comprising each of the respiratory therapy device 110, user interface 120, catheter 140, display device 150, and humidifier 160, embodiments of the present disclosure may include more or fewer components. For example, a first alternative respiratory therapy system includes the respiratory therapy device 110, user interface 120, and catheter 140. As another example, a second alternative system includes the respiratory therapy device 110, user interface 120, catheter 140, and display device 150. Thus, various respiratory therapy systems may be formed using any one or more portions of the components shown and described herein and / or in combination with one or more other components.

[0051] The control system 200 includes one or more processors 202 (hereinafter referred to as processor 202). The control system 200 is typically used to control (e.g., actuate) various components of the system 10 and / or analyze data acquired and / or generated by the components of the system 10. The processor 202 may be a general-purpose or special-purpose processor or a microprocessor. Although in Figure 1 A processor 202 is illustrated herein, but the control system 200 may include any number of processors (e.g., one processor, two processors, five processors, ten processors, etc.), which may be located in a single housing or remotely to each other. The control system 200 (or any other control system) or a portion thereof, such as processor 202 (or any other processor or a portion thereof), may be used to perform one or more steps of any method described and / or claimed herein. The control system 200 may be coupled to and / or located within, for example, the housing of user equipment 260, a portion of respiratory therapy system 100 (e.g., respiratory therapy device 110), and / or the housing of one or more sensors 210. The control system 200 may be centralized (within one such housing) or distributed (within two or more physically distinct such housings). In such embodiments including two or more housings containing the control system 200, the housings may be located close to and / or far from each other. The control system 200 (or one or more parts thereof) may be located in the respiratory therapy device 110, in the user device 260 (e.g., as part of a smartphone application), in the cloud (e.g., in a remote device or system that connects various components of the system 10, such as the user device 260 and / or the respiratory therapy device 110), and / or in other locations.

[0052] Memory device 204 stores machine-readable instructions executable by processor 202 of control system 200. Memory device 204 can be any suitable computer-readable storage device or medium, such as, for example, random or serial access memory devices, hard disk drives, solid-state drives, flash memory devices, etc. Although in Figure 1 A memory device 204 is shown, but system 10 may include any suitable number of memory devices 204 (e.g., one memory device, two memory devices, five memory devices, ten memory devices, etc.). Memory devices 204 may be coupled to and / or located within the housing of the respiratory therapy device 110 of the respiratory therapy system 100, within the housing of the user device 260, within the housing of one or more sensors 210, or any combination thereof. Similar to control system 200, memory devices 204 may be centralized (within one such housing) or distributed (within two or more physically different such housings).

[0053] In some implementations, memory device 204 stores a user profile associated with a user. The user profile may include, for example, user-associated demographic information, user-associated biostatistics, user-associated medical information, self-reported user feedback, user-associated sleep parameters (e.g., sleep-related parameters recorded from one or more earlier sleep periods), or any combination thereof. Demographic information may include, for example, information indicating the user's age, gender, ethnicity, geographic location, relationship status, family history of insomnia or sleep apnea, employment status, education level, socioeconomic status, or any combination thereof. Medical information may include, for example, information indicating one or more medical conditions associated with the user, medication use, or both. Medical information data may also include Multisleep Latency Test (MSLT) results or scores and / or Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores or values. Self-reported user feedback may include information indicating self-reported subjective sleep scores (e.g., poor, average, excellent), user-reported subjective stress levels, user-reported subjective fatigue levels, user-reported subjective health status, recent life events experienced by the user, or any combination thereof.

[0054] As described herein, processor 202 and / or memory device 204 may receive data (e.g., physiological data and / or audio data) from one or more sensors 210, such that the data is stored in memory device 204 and / or analyzed by processor 202. Processor 202 and / or memory device 204 may communicate with one or more sensors 210 using wired or wireless connections (e.g., using RF communication protocols, Wi-Fi communication protocols, Bluetooth communication protocols, via cellular networks, etc.). In some embodiments, system 10 may include an antenna, a receiver (e.g., an RF receiver), a transmitter (e.g., an RF transmitter), a transceiver, or any combination thereof. Such components may be coupled to the housing of control system 200 (e.g., in the same housing as processor 202 and / or memory device 204) or user equipment 260, or integrated into the foregoing.

[0055] The drag-and-drop module 206 determines and / or facilitates the presentation of the drag-and-drop procedure based at least in part on data (e.g., sensor data acquired from one or more sensors 210 and / or other sensors, as disclosed in further detail herein). Some or all of the drag-and-drop modules in drag-and-drop module 206 may be implemented by and / or utilize any other element of system 10. For example, in some embodiments, drag-and-drop module 206 may be implemented as a specific set of instructions stored in memory device 204 and executed by processor 202 of control system 200.

[0056] In some cases, the drag module 206 can generate a drag waveform from data. The drag waveform may include information indicating rhythm, morphology, rate, and / or other characteristics of the desired breathing pattern. For example, the drag waveform may be a 0.333 Hz sine wave, which may indicate a breathing rate of 20 breaths per minute (bpm) or approximately. In another example, the drag waveform may be a non-sine wave whose frequency changes over time, which may indicate the breathing morphology (e.g., the timing and extent of inhalation and exhalation over time) and the varying breathing rate.

[0057] The drag waveform can be used to present drag stimulation to a user via one or more stimulation devices 208. Any suitable device that can present a discernible input to a user can be used as stimulation device 208. In some cases, one or more stimulation devices 208 may include: (i) tactile stimulation devices (e.g., vibration motors); (ii) visual stimulation devices (e.g., display devices, such as display device 262 of user device 260 or display device 150 of respiratory therapy system 100); (iii) audio stimulation devices (e.g., speakers, such as speaker 222); (iv) airflow stimulation devices (e.g., respiratory therapy devices, such as respiratory therapy device 110); or (v) any combination of (i) to (iv). The drag signal can be used to present a single drag stimulation (e.g., a visual cue of a circle expanding and contracting) or multiple drag stimuli (e.g., the sound of waves crashing and the visual cue of a circle expanding and contracting).

[0058] One or more sensors 210 include a pressure sensor 212, a flow sensor 214, a temperature sensor 216, a motion sensor 218, a microphone 220, a speaker 222, a radio frequency (RF) receiver 226, an RF transmitter 228, a camera 232, an infrared (IR) sensor 234, a photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor 236, an electrocardiogram (ECG) sensor 238, an electroencephalogram (EEG) sensor 240, a capacitance sensor 242, a force sensor 244, a strain gauge sensor 246, an electromyography (EMG) sensor 248, an oxygen sensor 250, an analyte sensor 252, a humidity sensor 254, a light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensor 256, or any combination thereof. Generally, each of the one or more sensors 210 is configured to output sensor data, which is received and stored in a memory device 204 or one or more other memory devices.

[0059] Although one or more sensors 210 are shown and described as including each of the following: pressure sensor 212, flow sensor 214, temperature sensor 216, motion sensor 218, microphone 220, speaker 222, RF receiver 226, RF transmitter 228, camera 232, IR sensor 234, PPG sensor 236, ECG sensor 238, EEG sensor 240, capacitance sensor 242, force sensor 244, strain gauge sensor 246, EMG sensor 248, oxygen sensor 250, analyte sensor 252, humidity sensor 254, and LiDAR sensor 256, more generally, one or more sensors 210 may include any combination and any number of each of the sensors described and / or shown herein.

[0060] As described herein, system 10 can typically be used to generate physiological data associated with a user (e.g., a user of the respiratory therapy system 100) during sleep periods. The physiological data can be analyzed to generate one or more sleep-related parameters, which may include any parameters, measurements, etc., that are relevant to the user during sleep periods. One or more sleep-related parameters that may be determined for user 20 during sleep periods include, for example, apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) score, sleep score, flow signal, respiratory signal, respiratory rate, inspiratory amplitude, expiratory amplitude, inspiratory-expiratory ratio, number of events per hour, event pattern, phase, pressure setting of respiratory therapy device 110, heart rate, heart rate variability, user 20's movement, temperature, EEG activity, EMG activity, arousal, snoring, choking, coughing, whistling, wheezing, or any combination thereof.

[0061] One or more sensors 210 can be used to generate, for example, physiological data, audio data, or both. The control system 200 can use the physiological data generated by one or more sensors 210 to determine sleep-wake signals and one or more sleep-related parameters associated with the user 20 during sleep periods. Sleep-wake signals can indicate one or more sleep states, including wakefulness, relaxed wakefulness, micro-wakefulness, or different sleep stages, such as, for example, the rapid eye movement (REM) stage, the first non-REM stage (commonly referred to as "N1"), the second non-REM stage (commonly referred to as "N2"), the third non-REM stage (commonly referred to as "N3"), or any combination thereof. Methods for determining sleep state and / or sleep stage from physiological data generated by one or more sensors, such as one or more sensors 210, are described, for example, in WO 2014 / 047310, U.S. Patent Publication No. 2014 / 0088373, WO 2017 / 132726, WO 2019 / 122413, WO 2019 / 122414, U.S. Patent Publication No. 2014 / 0088373, WO 2017 / 132726, WO 2019 / 122413, WO 2019 / 122414, U.S. Patent Publication No. 2020 / 0383580, and WO 2022 / 249013, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0062] In some embodiments, the sleep-wake signals described herein can be timestamped to indicate the time a user goes to bed, the time a user gets out of bed, the time a user attempts to fall asleep, etc. The sleep-wake signals can be measured by one or more sensors 210 during a sleep period at a predetermined sampling rate (such as, for example, one sample per second, one sample every 30 seconds, one sample per minute, etc.). In some embodiments, the sleep-wake signals can also indicate respiratory signals, respiratory rate, inspiratory amplitude, expiratory amplitude, inspiratory-expiratory ratio, number of events per hour, event pattern, pressure setting of the respiratory therapy device 110, or any combination thereof during a sleep period. Events can include snoring, sleep apnea, central sleep apnea, obstructive sleep apnea, mixed sleep apnea, hypopnea, mask leakage (e.g., from user interface 120), restless legs, sleep disturbance, apnea, increased heart rate, difficulty breathing, asthma attack, seizure, epileptic seizure, or any combination thereof. One or more sleep-related parameters that can be determined for a user during a sleep period based on sleep-wake signals include, for example, total time in bed, total sleep time, sleep onset latency, wakefulness parameters after sleep onset, sleep efficiency, segmentation index, or any combination thereof. As described further in detail herein, physiological data and / or sleep-related parameters can be analyzed to determine one or more sleep-related scores.

[0063] Physiological and / or audio data generated by one or more sensors 210 can also be used to determine respiratory signals associated with the user during sleep periods. Respiratory signals typically represent the user's breathing or panting during sleep periods. Respiratory signals can indicate and / or be analyzed to determine (e.g., using control system 200) one or more sleep-related parameters, such as, for example, respiratory rate, respiratory rate variability, inspiratory amplitude, expiratory amplitude, inspiratory-expiratory ratio, occurrence of one or more events, number of events per hour, pattern of events, sleep state, sleep stage, apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), pressure setting of respiratory therapy device 110, or any combination thereof. One or more events may include snoring, apnea, central apnea, obstructive apnea, mixed apnea, hypopnea, mask leakage (e.g., from user interface 120), coughing, restless legs, sleep disturbance, choking, increased heart rate, dyspnea, asthma attack, seizure, epileptic seizure, increased blood pressure, or any combination thereof. Many of the described sleep-related parameters are physiological parameters, although some sleep-related parameters may be considered non-physiological parameters. Other types of physiological and / or non-physiological parameters can also be determined based on data from one or more sensors 210 or based on other types of data.

[0064] Pressure sensor 212 outputs pressure data that can be stored in memory device 204 and / or analyzed by processor 202 of control system 200. In some embodiments, pressure sensor 212 is an air pressure sensor (e.g., an atmospheric pressure sensor) that generates sensor data indicative of the user's breathing (e.g., inhalation and / or exhalation) and / or ambient pressure of respiratory therapy system 100. In such embodiments, pressure sensor 212 may be coupled to or integrated into respiratory therapy device 110. Pressure sensor 212 may be, for example, a capacitive sensor, an electromagnetic sensor, a piezoelectric sensor, a strain gauge sensor, an optical sensor, a potential sensor, or any combination thereof.

[0065] The flow sensor 214 outputs flow data that can be stored in memory device 204 and / or analyzed by processor 202 of control system 200. Examples of flow sensors (such as flow sensor 214) are described in International Publication No. WO 2012 / 012835 and U.S. Patent No. 10,328,219, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. In some embodiments, flow sensor 214 is used to determine the air flow rate from respiratory therapy device 110, the air flow rate through conduit 140, the air flow rate through user interface 120, or any combination thereof. In such embodiments, flow sensor 214 may be coupled to or integrated into respiratory therapy device 110, user interface 120, or conduit 140. Flow sensor 214 may be a mass flow sensor, such as, for example, a rotary flow meter (e.g., a Hall effect flow meter), a turbine flow meter, an orifice flow meter, an ultrasonic flow meter, a hot wire sensor, an eddy current sensor, a membrane sensor, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, flow sensor 214 is configured to measure ventilator flow (e.g., intentional “leakage”), unintentional leakage (e.g., mouth leak and / or mask leak), patient flow (e.g., air entering and / or leaving the lungs), or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, flow data can be analyzed to determine a user’s cardiogenic oscillation. In some examples, pressure sensor 212 can be used to determine a user’s blood pressure.

[0066] Temperature sensor 216 outputs temperature data, which may be stored in memory device 204 and / or analyzed by processor 202 of control system 200. In some embodiments, temperature sensor 216 generates temperature data indicating the core body temperature of user 20, the skin temperature of user 20, the temperature of air flowing from respiratory therapy device 110 and / or flowing through conduit 140, the temperature in user interface 120, ambient temperature, or any combination thereof. Temperature sensor 216 may be, for example, a thermocouple sensor, a thermistor sensor, a silicon bandgap temperature sensor or a semiconductor-based sensor, a resistance temperature detector, or any combination thereof.

[0067] Motion sensor 218 outputs motion data that can be stored in memory device 204 and / or analyzed by processor 202 of control system 200. Motion sensor 218 can be used to detect movement of user 20 during sleep periods, and / or to detect movement of any component of respiratory therapy system 100, such as respiratory therapy device 110, user interface 120, or catheter 140. Motion sensor 218 may include one or more inertial sensors, such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, and magnetometers. In some embodiments, motion sensor 218 may include acoustic sensors (such as acoustic sensor 224 discussed herein) and / or RF sensors (such as RF sensor 230 discussed herein) that can generate motion data, as further discussed herein. In such embodiments, motion sensor 218, acoustic sensors, and / or RF sensors may be housed in a portable device such as user device 260. Furthermore, although... Figure 1 and Figure 2 The respiratory therapy device 110 is shown as including its own display device 150, but in some embodiments, the respiratory therapy device 110 may not include its own display device, as described herein. In some embodiments, the motion sensor 218 alternatively or additionally generates one or more signals representing the user's body movements, from which signals representing the user's sleep state can be obtained, for example, via the user's breathing movements. In some embodiments, motion data from the motion sensor 218 may be combined with additional data from another sensor in the sensor 210 to determine the user's sleep state. In some embodiments, the motion sensor 218 may be used to detect motion or acceleration associated with an arterial pulse (such as a pulse in or around the user's face and near the user interface 120) and is configured to detect characteristics of the pulse shape, velocity, amplitude, or volume.

[0068] Microphone 220 outputs sound and / or audio data, which may be stored in memory device 204 and / or analyzed by processor 202 of control system 200. The audio data generated by microphone 220 can be reproduced as one or more sounds (e.g., sounds from user 20) during sleep periods. The audio data from microphone 220 can also be used to identify (e.g., using control system 200) events experienced by the user during sleep periods, as described further in detail herein. Microphone 220 may be coupled to or integrated into respiratory therapy device 110, user interface 120, catheter 140, or user device 260. Microphone 220 may be coupled to or integrated into wearable devices (such as smartwatches, smart glasses, headphones or earbuds, or other head-mounted wearable devices). In some embodiments, system 10 includes a plurality of microphones (e.g., two or more microphones and / or a microphone array with beamforming) such that sound data generated by each of the plurality of microphones can be used to distinguish sound data generated by another of the plurality of microphones. In some implementations, acoustic data from microphone 220 represents noise associated with the respiratory therapy system 100. In some implementations, acoustic data from microphone 220 can be analyzed to detect the presence of liquid in the respiratory therapy system 100.

[0069] Microphone 220 can typically be coupled to or integrated into the respiratory therapy system 100 (or system 10) in any configuration. For example, microphone 220 can be located inside the respiratory therapy device 110, user interface 120, catheter 140, or other components. Microphone 220 can also be positioned adjacent to or coupled to the exterior of the respiratory therapy device 110, user interface 120, catheter 140, or any other component. Microphone 220 can also be a component of user equipment 170 (e.g., microphone 220 is a microphone for a smartphone). Microphone 220 can be integrated into the user interface 120, catheter 140, respiratory therapy device 110, or any combination thereof. Typically, microphone 220 can be located at any point within or adjacent to the air passage of the respiratory therapy system 100, which includes at least the motor of the respiratory therapy device 110, user interface 120, and catheter 140. Therefore, the air passage can also be referred to as an acoustic passage.

[0070] Speaker 222 output system 10 user (e.g., Figure 2The speaker 222 can be used as, for example, an alarm clock or to play alarms or messages to the user 20 (e.g., in response to an event). In some embodiments, the speaker 222 can be used to convey audio data generated by the microphone 220 to the user. The speaker 222 can be coupled to or integrated into the respiratory therapy device 110, user interface 120, catheter 140, or user device 260, and / or can be coupled to or integrated into wearable devices (such as smartwatches, smart glasses, headphones, or earbuds) or other head-worn wearable devices.

[0071] Microphone 220 and speaker 222 can be used as separate devices. In some embodiments, microphone 220 and speaker 222 can be combined to form an acoustic sensor 224 (e.g., a sonar sensor), as described in, for example, WO 2018 / 050913, WO 2020 / 104465, and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2022 / 0007965, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. In such embodiments, speaker 222 generates or emits sound waves at predetermined intervals, and microphone 220 detects reflections of the emitted sound waves from speaker 222. The sound waves generated or emitted by speaker 222 have frequencies inaudible to the human ear (e.g., below 20 Hz or above about 18 kHz) so as not to disturb the sleep of user 20 or bed partner 30. Based at least in part on data from microphone 220 and / or speaker 222, control system 200 can determine the location of user 20 and / or one or more sleep-related parameters described herein, such as, for example, respiratory signal, respiratory rate, inspiratory amplitude, expiratory amplitude, inspiratory-expiratory ratio, number of events per hour, event pattern, sleep state, sleep stage, pressure setting of respiratory therapy device 110, or any combination thereof. In this context, sonar sensors can be understood to involve active acoustic sensing, such as by generating and / or transmitting ultrasonic and / or low-frequency ultrasonic sensing signals (e.g., in the frequency range of, for example, about 17 kHz to 23 kHz, 18 kHz to 22 kHz, or 17 kHz to 18 kHz) via air.

[0072] In some embodiments, sensor 210 includes: (i) a first microphone that is the same as or similar to microphone 220 and is integrated in acoustic sensor 224, and (ii) a second microphone that is the same as or similar to microphone 220 but is separate from and different from the first microphone integrated in acoustic sensor 224.

[0073] RF transmitter 228 generates and / or transmits radio waves having a predetermined frequency and / or predetermined amplitude (e.g., in the high-frequency band, in the low-frequency band, long-wave signal, short-wave signal, etc.). RF receiver 226 detects the reflection of the radio waves emitted from RF transmitter 228, and this data can be analyzed by control system 200 to determine the user's location and / or one or more sleep-related parameters described herein. RF receivers (RF receiver 226 and RF transmitter 228 or another RF pair) can also be used for wireless communication between control system 200, respiratory therapy device 110, one or more sensors 210, user equipment 260, or any combination thereof. Although RF receiver 226 and RF transmitter 228 are in... Figure 1 While shown as separate and distinct elements, in some embodiments, the RF receiver 226 and RF transmitter 228 are combined as part of the RF sensor 230 (e.g., a RADAR sensor). In some such embodiments, the RF sensor 230 includes control circuitry. The format of RF communication may be Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc.

[0074] In some implementations, RF sensor 230 is part of a mesh system. An example of a mesh system is a Wi-Fi mesh system, which may include mesh nodes, mesh routers, and mesh gateways, each of which may be mobile / movable or fixed. In such implementations, the Wi-Fi mesh system includes a Wi-Fi router and / or a Wi-Fi controller, and one or more satellites (e.g., access points), each of which includes the same or similar RF sensor as RF sensor 230. The Wi-Fi router and satellites communicate continuously with each other using Wi-Fi signals. The Wi-Fi mesh system can be used to generate motion data based on changes in the Wi-Fi signal between the router and the satellites (e.g., differences in received signal strength) caused by a moving object or person partially blocking the signal. The motion data may indicate movement, breathing, heart rate, gait, falls, behavior, etc., or any combination thereof.

[0075] Camera 232 outputs image data that can be reproduced as one or more images (e.g., still images, video images, thermal images, or any combination thereof) that can be stored in memory device 204. The image data from camera 232 can be used by control system 200 to determine one or more sleep-related parameters described herein, such as, for example, one or more events (e.g., periodic limb movements or restless legs syndrome), respiratory signals, respiratory rate, inspiratory amplitude, expiratory amplitude, inspiratory-expiratory ratio, number of events per hour, event pattern, sleep state, sleep stage, or any combination thereof. Furthermore, the image data from camera 232 can be used, for example, to identify the user's location, to determine the user's chest movements, to determine airflow through the user's mouth and / or nose, to determine the time the user got into bed, and to determine the time the user got out of bed. In some embodiments, camera 232 includes a wide-angle lens or fisheye lens 230. Camera 232 can also be used to track eye movements, pupillary dilation (if one or both of the user's eyes are open), blink rate, or any changes during REM sleep. Camera 232 can also be used to track the user's position, which may affect the duration and / or severity of apnea episodes in users with postural obstructive sleep apnea.

[0076] IR sensor 234 outputs infrared image data that can be reproduced as one or more infrared images (e.g., still images, video images, or both) that can be stored in memory device 204. The infrared data from IR sensor 234 can be used to determine one or more sleep-related parameters during a sleep period, including the user 20's temperature and / or the user 20's movement. IR sensor 234 can also be used in conjunction with camera 232 when measuring the presence, location, and / or movement of user 20. For example, IR sensor 234 can detect infrared light with wavelengths between about 700 nm and about 1 mm, while camera 232 can detect visible light with wavelengths between about 380 nm and about 740 nm.

[0077] PPG sensor 236 outputs physiological data associated with user 20, which can be used to determine one or more sleep-related parameters, such as, for example, heart rate, heart rate variability, cardiac cycle, respiratory rate, inspiratory amplitude, expiratory amplitude, inspiratory-expiratory ratio, estimated blood pressure parameters, or any combination thereof. PPG sensor 236 can be worn by user 20, embedded in clothing and / or fabric worn by user 20, embedded in user interface 120 and / or its associated headgear (e.g., straps, etc.), and / or coupled to the user interface and / or its associated headgear (e.g., straps, etc.).

[0078] ECG sensor 238 outputs physiological data associated with the electrical activity of the heart of user 20. In some embodiments, ECG sensor 238 includes one or more electrodes positioned on or around a portion of user 20 during sleep periods. Physiological data from ECG sensor 238 can be used, for example, to determine one or more of the sleep-related parameters described herein.

[0079] EEG sensor 240 outputs physiological data associated with the electrical activity of the user 20's brain. In some embodiments, EEG sensor 240 includes one or more electrodes positioned on or around the user 20's scalp during sleep periods. Physiological data from EEG sensor 240 can be used, for example, to determine the user 20's sleep state and / or sleep stage at any given time during a sleep period. In some embodiments, EEG sensor 240 may be integrated into user interface 120, integrated into an associated headgear (e.g., a strap, etc.), integrated into a headband or other head-mounted sensor device, etc.

[0080] The capacitive sensor 242, force sensor 244, and strain gauge sensor 246 output data that can be stored in memory device 204 and used / analyzed by control system 200 to determine one or more of the sleep-related parameters described herein, for example. EMG sensor 248 outputs physiological data associated with electrical activity generated by one or more muscles. Oxygen sensor 250 outputs oxygen data indicating the oxygen concentration of a gas (e.g., in catheter 140 or at user interface 120). Oxygen sensor 250 can be, for example, an ultrasonic oxygen sensor, an electro-oxygen sensor, a chemical oxygen sensor, an optical oxygen sensor, a pulse oximeter (e.g., an SpO2 sensor), or any combination thereof.

[0081] The analyte sensor 252 can be used to detect the presence of analytes in the exhaled breath of the user 20. Data output from the analyte sensor 252 can be stored in the memory device 204 and used by the control system 200 to determine the type and concentration of any analytes in the user's breath. In some embodiments, the analyte sensor 252 is positioned near the user's mouth to detect analytes in the breath exhaled from the user's mouth. For example, when the user interface 120 is a mask covering the user's nose and mouth, the analyte sensor 252 can be positioned inside the mask to monitor the user's mouth breathing. In other embodiments, for example, when the user interface 120 is a nasal mask or nasal pillow mask, the analyte sensor 252 can be positioned near the user's nose to detect analytes in the breath exhaled through the user's nose. In yet another embodiment, when the user interface 120 is a nasal mask or nasal pillow mask, the analyte sensor 252 can be positioned near the user's mouth. In this embodiment, the analyte sensor 252 can be used to detect whether any air is unintentionally leaking from the user's mouth and / or the user interface 120. In some embodiments, the analyte sensor 252 is a volatile organic compound (VOC) sensor that can be used to detect carbon-based chemicals or compounds. In some embodiments, the analyte sensor 252 can also be used to detect whether a user is breathing through their nose or mouth. For example, if the presence of an analyte is detected by data output from the analyte sensor 252 located near the user's mouth or inside a mask (e.g., in an embodiment where the user interface 120 is a mask), the control system 200 can use that data as an indication that the user is breathing through their mouth.

[0082] The humidity sensor 254 outputs data that can be stored in the memory device 204 and used by the control system 200. The humidity sensor 254 can be used to detect humidity in various areas surrounding the user (e.g., inside the conduit 140 or user interface 120, near the user's face, near the connection between the conduit 140 and user interface 120, near the connection between the conduit 140 and the respiratory therapy device 110, etc.). Therefore, in some embodiments, the humidity sensor 254 can be coupled to or integrated into the user interface 120 or conduit 140 to monitor the humidity of pressurized air from the respiratory therapy device 110. In other embodiments, the humidity sensor 254 is placed near any area where humidity levels need to be monitored. The humidity sensor 254 can also be used to monitor the humidity of the surrounding environment around the user (e.g., the air inside a bedroom). The humidity sensor 176 can also be used to track the user's biometric responses to environmental changes.

[0083] LiDAR sensor 256 can be used for depth sensing. This type of optical sensor (e.g., a laser sensor) can be used to detect objects and construct a three-dimensional (3D) map of the surrounding environment (e.g., a living space). LiDAR typically utilizes pulsed lasers for time-of-flight measurements. LiDAR is also known as 3D laser scanning. In examples using this sensor, a fixed or mobile device (such as a smartphone) with LiDAR sensor 256 can measure and map an area extending 5 meters or more from the sensor. For example, LiDAR data can be fused with point cloud data estimated by a RADAR sensor. LiDAR sensor 256 can also use artificial intelligence (AI) to automatically geofence a RADAR system by detecting and classifying features in the space that might cause problems for the RADAR system, such as glass windows (which may be highly reflective of RADAR). For example, LiDAR can also be used to provide estimates of a person's height, and how that height changes when the person sits down or falls. LiDAR can be used to form a 3D mesh representation of the environment. In further applications, LiDAR can reflect radio waves off solid surfaces (e.g., transmissive materials) to allow for the classification of different types of obstacles.

[0084] In some embodiments, one or more sensors 210 may also include a skin conductance response (GSR) sensor, a blood flow sensor, a respiration sensor, a pulse sensor, a blood pressure sensor, a blood oxygenation sensor, a sonar sensor, a RADAR sensor, a blood glucose sensor, a color sensor, a pH sensor, an air quality sensor, a tilt sensor, a rain sensor, a soil moisture sensor, a water flow sensor, an ethanol sensor, or any combination thereof.

[0085] Although Figure 1While shown separately, any combination of one or more sensors 210 may be integrated into and / or coupled to any one or more components of the system 10, including the respiratory therapy device 110, user interface 120, conduit 140, humidifier 160, control system 200, user device 260, activity tracker 270, or any combination thereof. For example, microphone 220 and speaker 222 may be integrated into and / or coupled to user device 260, and pressure sensor 212 and / or flow sensor 214 may be integrated into and / or coupled to respiratory therapy device 110. In some embodiments, at least one of the one or more sensors 210 is not coupled to respiratory therapy device 110, control system 200, or user device 260, and is positioned during sleep periods to be generally adjacent to user 20 (e.g., positioned on or in contact with a portion of user 20, worn by user 20, coupled to or positioned on a bedside table, coupled to a mattress, coupled to a ceiling, etc.).

[0086] One or more of the respiratory therapy device 110, user interface 120, catheter 140, display device 150, and humidifier 160 may include one or more sensors (e.g., pressure sensors, flow sensors, or any other sensor 210 described more generally herein). These one or more sensors may be used, for example, to measure the air pressure and / or flow rate of pressurized air supplied by the respiratory therapy device 110. More generally, the one or more sensors 210 may be positioned relative to the user at any suitable location such that the one or more sensors 210 may generate physiological data associated with the user and / or bed partner 30 during one or more sleep periods.

[0087] Data from one or more sensors 210 can be analyzed (e.g., via control system 200) to determine one or more sleep-related parameters, which may include respiratory signals, respiratory rate, respiratory pattern, inspiratory amplitude, expiratory amplitude, inspiratory-expiratory ratio, occurrence of one or more events, number of events per hour, event pattern, average event duration, range of event durations, ratio between multiple different events, sleep state, sleep stage, apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), or any combination thereof. One or more events may include snoring, apnea, central apnea, obstructive apnea, mixed apnea, hypopnea, mask leakage, coughing, restless legs, sleep disturbance, choking, increased heart rate, dyspnea, asthma attack, seizure, convulsion, elevated blood pressure, or any combination thereof. Many of these sleep-related parameters are physiological parameters, although some may be considered non-physiological parameters. Other types of physiological and non-physiological parameters may also be determined based on data from one or more sensors 210 or based on other types of data.

[0088] User device 260 includes display device 262. User device 260 may be, for example, a mobile device, such as a smartphone, tablet computer, game console, smartwatch, laptop computer, etc. In some embodiments, user device 260 is a portable device, such as a smartphone, tablet computer, smartwatch, laptop computer, etc. Alternatively, user device 260 may be an external sensing system, a television (e.g., a smart TV), or another smart home device (e.g., a smart speaker, such as Google Home®, Google Nest®, Amazon Echo®, Amazon Echo Show®, Alexa®-enabled devices, etc.). In some embodiments, user device is a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch). Display device 262 is typically used to display images including still images, video images, or both. In some embodiments, display device 262 acts as a human-machine interface (HMI), which includes an input interface and a graphical user interface (GUI) configured to display images. Display device 262 may be an LED display, an OLED display, an LCD display, etc. The input interface can be, for example, a touchscreen or touch-sensitive substrate, a mouse, a keyboard, or any sensor system configured to sense input made by a human user interacting with user equipment 260. In some embodiments, one or more user devices may be used by system 10 and / or included in the system. Figure 2 As shown, user equipment 260 may include a smartphone that is received in the parking section of respiratory therapy device 110, as discussed in more detail herein.

[0089] In some embodiments, system 10 also includes an activity tracker 270. The activity tracker 270 is typically used to help generate physiological data associated with the user. The activity tracker 270 may include one or more sensors 210 as described herein, such as, for example, motion sensors 218 (e.g., one or more accelerometers and / or gyroscopes), PPG sensors 236, and / or ECG sensors 238. Physiological data from the activity tracker 270 may be used to determine, for example, steps, distance traveled, number of steps climbed, duration of physical activity, type of physical activity, intensity of physical activity, time spent standing, respiratory rate, average respiratory rate, resting respiratory rate, maximum respiratory rate, respiratory rate variability, heart rate, average heart rate, resting heart rate, maximum heart rate, heart rate variability, calories burned, blood oxygen saturation, electrodermal activity (also referred to as skin conductance or skin response), or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the activity tracker 270 is coupled (e.g., electronically or physically) to user equipment 260.

[0090] In some implementations, the activity tracker 270 is a wearable device that can be worn by a user, such as a smartwatch, wristband, ring, or patch. For example, see reference... Figure 2 The activity tracker 270 is worn on the wrist of the user 20. The activity tracker 270 may also be coupled to or integrated into clothing or garments worn by the user. Alternatively, the activity tracker 270 may also be coupled to or integrated into the user device 260 (e.g., within the same housing). More generally, the activity tracker 270 may be communicatively coupled to or physically integrated into the control system 200, the memory device 204, the respiratory therapy system 100, and / or the user device 260 (e.g., within a housing).

[0091] In some embodiments, system 10 also includes a blood pressure device 280. The blood pressure device 280 is typically used to help generate cardiovascular data for determining one or more blood pressure measurements associated with user 20. The blood pressure device 280 may include at least one of one or more sensors 210 to measure, for example, systolic blood pressure components and / or diastolic blood pressure components.

[0092] In some embodiments, the blood pressure device 280 is a blood pressure monitor that includes an inflatable cuff that can be worn by a user 20 and a pressure sensor (e.g., pressure sensor 212 described herein). For example, in Figure 2In one example, the blood pressure device 280 may be worn on the upper arm of the user 20. In such embodiments where the blood pressure device 280 is a blood pressure monitor, the blood pressure device 280 also includes a pump (e.g., a manually operated bulb) for inflating the cuff. In some embodiments, the blood pressure device 280 is coupled to a respiratory therapy device 110 of a respiratory therapy system 100, which in turn delivers pressurized air to inflate the cuff. More generally, the blood pressure device 280 may be communicatively coupled to and / or physically integrated therein (e.g., within a housing) with a control system 200, a memory device 204, a respiratory therapy system 100, a user device 260, and / or an activity tracker 270.

[0093] In other embodiments, the blood pressure device 280 is an ambulatory blood pressure monitor communicatively coupled to the respiratory therapy system 100. The mobile blood pressure monitor includes a portable recording device attached to a strap or band worn by the user 20 and an inflatable cuff attached to the portable recording device and worn around the user 20's arm. The ambulatory blood pressure monitor is configured to measure blood pressure approximately every fifteen minutes to approximately thirty minutes over a 24-hour or 48-hour time period. The ambulatory blood pressure monitor can simultaneously measure the user 20's heart rate. These multiple readings are averaged over the 24-hour time period. The ambulatory blood pressure monitor determines any variations in the user 20's blood pressure and heart rate measured during the user 20's sleep and wake periods, as well as any distribution and / or trend patterns in the blood pressure and heart rate data. The measured data and statistics can then be transmitted to the respiratory therapy system 100.

[0094] The blood pressure device 280 may be positioned externally to the respiratory therapy system 100, directly or indirectly coupled to the user interface 120, directly or indirectly coupled to a headgear associated with the user interface 120, or inflatably coupled to a portion of or around the user 20. The blood pressure device 280 is typically used to assist in generating physiological data to determine one or more blood pressure measurements associated with the user, such as systolic blood pressure components and / or diastolic blood pressure components. In some embodiments, the blood pressure device 280 is a blood pressure monitor that includes an inflatable cuff that can be worn by the user and a pressure sensor (e.g., pressure sensor 212 described herein).

[0095] In some embodiments, the blood pressure device 280 is an invasive device that can continuously monitor the arterial blood pressure of the user 20 and collect arterial blood samples as needed to analyze the gases in the arterial blood. In some other embodiments, the blood pressure device 280 is a continuous blood pressure monitor that uses a radio frequency sensor and is capable of measuring the user 20's blood pressure once every few seconds (e.g., every 3 seconds, every 5 seconds, every 7 seconds, etc.). The radio frequency sensor can use continuous wave, frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW with ramp wave, chirped wave, triangular wave, sine wave), other schemes (such as PSK, FSK, etc.), pulsed continuous wave, and / or extensions in the ultra-wideband range (which may include extensions, PRN codes, or pulse systems).

[0096] Although the control system 200 and the memory device 204 are in Figure 1 While described and shown as separate and distinct components of system 10, in some embodiments, the control system 200 and / or memory device 204 are integrated within the user device 260 and / or the respiratory therapy device 110. Therefore, the control system 200 and / or memory device 204 may be housed within the housing 112 of the respiratory therapy device 110. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the control system 200 or a portion thereof (e.g., processor 202) may reside in the cloud (e.g., integrated into a server, integrated into an Internet of Things (IoT) device, connected to the cloud, subjected to edge cloud processing, etc.) or within one or more servers (e.g., remote servers, local servers, etc., or any combination thereof).

[0097] Although the control system 200 and the memory device 204 are in Figure 1 While described and shown as separate and distinct components of system 10, in some embodiments, the control system 200 and / or memory device 204 are integrated within the user device 260 and / or the respiratory therapy device 110. Therefore, the control system 200 and / or memory device 204 may be housed within the housing 112 of the respiratory therapy device 110. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the control system 200 or a portion thereof (e.g., processor 202) may reside in the cloud (e.g., integrated into a server, integrated into an Internet of Things (IoT) device, connected to the cloud, subjected to edge cloud processing, etc.) or within one or more servers (e.g., remote servers, local servers, etc., or any combination thereof).

[0098] While system 10 is shown as including all the components described above, a system for presenting a drag-and-drop program according to embodiments of this disclosure may include more or fewer components. For example, a first alternative system includes a control system 200, a memory device 204, and at least one of one or more sensors 210, and does not include the respiratory therapy system 100. As another example, a second alternative system includes a control system 200, a memory device 204, at least one of one or more sensors 210, and a user device 260. As yet another example, a third alternative system includes a control system 200, a memory device 204, a respiratory therapy system 100, at least one of one or more sensors 210, and a user device 260. As yet another example, a fourth alternative system includes a control system 200, a memory device 204, a respiratory therapy system 100, at least one of one or more sensors 210, a user device 170, and a blood pressure device 180 and / or an activity tracker 190. Therefore, various systems for modifying pressure settings can be formed using any one or more portions of the components shown and described herein and / or in combination with one or more other components.

[0099] Refer again Figure 2 In some embodiments, any sensor, or a combination thereof, of the control system 200, memory device 204, one or more sensors 210 may be located on and / or therein on any surface and / or structure typically adjacent to the bed 40 and / or the user 20. For example, in some embodiments, at least one of the one or more sensors 210 may be located on and / or at a first location on one or more components of the respiratory therapy system 100 adjacent to the bed 40 and / or the user 20. One or more sensors 210 may be coupled to the respiratory therapy system 100, user interface 120, catheter 140, display device 150, humidifier 129, or a combination thereof.

[0100] Alternatively or additionally, at least one of the one or more sensors 210 may be located on and / or at a second location on the bed 40 and in the bed (e.g., one or more sensors 210 are coupled to and / or integrated into the bed 40). Additionally, alternatively or additionally, at least one of the one or more sensors 210 may be located on the mattress 42 and / or at a third location on the mattress adjacent to the bed 40 and / or the user 20 (e.g., one or more sensors 210 are coupled to and / or integrated into the mattress 42). Alternatively or additionally, at least one of the one or more sensors 210 may be located on the pillow and / or at a fourth location on the pillow, typically adjacent to the bed 40 and / or the user 20.

[0101] Alternatively or additionally, at least one of the one or more sensors 210 may be located on the bedside table 44 and / or at a fifth location within the bedside table, typically adjacent to the bed 40 and / or the user 20. Alternatively or additionally, at least one of the one or more sensors 210 may be located at a sixth location, such that at least one of the one or more sensors 210 is coupled to and / or positioned on the user 20 (e.g., the one or more sensors 210 are embedded in or coupled to fabric, clothing, and / or smart devices worn by the user 20). More generally, at least one of the one or more sensors 210 may be positioned relative to the user 20 at any suitable location, such that the one or more sensors 210 can generate sensor data associated with the user 20.

[0102] In some implementations, a primary sensor (such as microphone 220) is configured to generate acoustic data associated with user 20 during sleep periods. The acoustic data may be based on acoustic signals, for example, in the catheter 140 of the respiratory therapy system 100. For example, one or more microphones (with...) Figure 1 The microphone 220 (identical or similar) may be integrated into and / or coupled to: (i) the circuit board of the respiratory therapy device 110, (ii) the catheter 140, (iii) the connectors between the components of the respiratory therapy system 100, (iv) the user interface 120, (v) a headgear (e.g., a strap) associated with the user interface, or (vi) a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the microphone 220 is in fluid communication with an airflow passage (e.g., an airflow passage between an airflow generator / motor and the distal end of the catheter). This fluid communication is intended to also include a configuration in which the microphone is acoustically in communication with the airflow passage without direct or physical contact with the airflow. For example, in some embodiments, the microphone is positioned on a circuit board and optionally in fluid communication with the airflow passage via a diaphragm-sealed conduit.

[0103] In some implementations, one or more auxiliary sensors may be used in addition to the primary sensor to generate additional data. In some such implementations, one or more auxiliary sensors include: a microphone (e.g., microphone 220 of system 10), a flow sensor (e.g., flow sensor 134 of system 10), a pressure sensor (e.g., pressure sensor 132 of system 10), a temperature sensor (e.g., temperature sensor 136 of system 10), a camera (e.g., camera 232 of system 10), a vane-type sensor (VAF), a hot-wire sensor (MAF), a cold-wire sensor, a laminar flow sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an inertial sensor, or a combination thereof.

[0104] Additional or alternatively, one or more microphones (with) Figure 1The microphone 220 (same as or similar to the one used) can be integrated into and / or coupled to the shared smart device, such as user device 170, television, watch (e.g., a mechanical watch worn by the user or another smart device), pendant, mattress 42, bed 40, bedding positioned on bed 40, pillow, speaker (e.g., Figure 1 The co-located smart device may be a speaker 142), a radio, a flat panel device, a waterless humidifier, or a combination thereof. The co-located smart device can be any smart device within the range for detecting sounds emitted by the user, the respiratory therapy system 100, and / or any part of the system 10. In some embodiments, the co-located smart device is a smart device that is in the same room as the user during sleep periods.

[0105] Additionally or alternatively, in some implementations, one or more microphones (with) Figure 1 The microphone 220 (same or similar) can be located away from system 10 ( Figure 1 ) and / or User 20 ( Figure 2 This applies as long as there is an air passage that allows acoustic signals to propagate to one or more microphones. For example, one or more microphones may be in a different room than the room containing system 10.

[0106] Now for reference Figure 3 As used herein, sleep periods can be defined in several ways. For example, a sleep period can be defined by an initial start time and an end time. In some implementations, a sleep period is the duration of a user's sleep, meaning that a sleep period has a start time and an end time, and during the sleep period, the user does not wake up until the end time. That is, any period of time during which the user is awake is not included in a sleep period. According to this first definition of a sleep period, if a user wakes up and falls asleep multiple times in the same night, each of the sleep intervals separated by wakefulness intervals is a sleep period.

[0107] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the sleep period has a start time and an end time, and during the sleep period, the user may wake up without the sleep period ending, provided that the continuous duration of wakefulness is less than a wakefulness duration threshold. The wakefulness duration threshold can be defined as a percentage of the sleep period. The wakefulness duration threshold can be, for example, about 20 percent of the sleep period, about 15 percent of the sleep period duration, about 10 percent of the sleep period duration, about 5 percent of the sleep period duration, about 2 percent of the sleep period duration, or any other threshold percentage. In some embodiments, the wakefulness duration threshold is defined as a fixed amount of time, such as, for example, about one hour, about thirty minutes, about fifteen minutes, about ten minutes, about five minutes, about two minutes, or any other amount of time.

[0108] In some implementations, a sleep period is defined as the entire time between the earliest time a user goes to bed at night and the latest time a user gets out of bed the following morning. In other words, a sleep period can be defined as a time period that begins at a first time (e.g., 10:00 PM) on a first date (e.g., Monday, January 6, 2020), which can be referred to as the evening, when the user first goes to bed with the intention of sleeping (e.g., if the user intends to watch TV or use a smartphone before going to sleep, they do not go to bed), and ends at a second time (e.g., 7:00 AM) on a second date (e.g., Tuesday, January 7, 2020), which can be referred to as the following morning, when the user first gets out of bed with the intention not to sleep again that following morning.

[0109] In some implementations, the user can manually define the start and / or end of a sleep period. For example, the user can select (e.g., by clicking or tapping) on ​​the display device 262 of the user device 260. Figure 1 One or more user-selectable elements are displayed on the screen to manually initiate or terminate sleep periods.

[0110] Generally, a sleep period includes any point in time after the user has already lay down or sat on the bed (or another area or object they intend to sleep on) and has turned on the breathing therapy device 110 and put on the user interface 120. Therefore, a sleep period may include the following time periods: (i) when the user is using the breathing therapy system 100 but before the user attempts to fall asleep (e.g., when the user is lying in bed reading); (ii) when the user begins to try to fall asleep but is still awake; (iii) when the user is in light sleep (also known as stages 1 and 2 of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep); (iv) when the user is in deep sleep (also known as slow-wave sleep (SWS) or stage 3 of NREM sleep); (v) when the user is in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep; (vi) when the user periodically wakes up between light sleep, deep sleep, or REM sleep; or (vii) when the user wakes up without falling asleep again. A sleep period may also be referred to as a therapy period, or may include a therapy period, which can be understood as a time period within a sleep period during which the individual engages in breathing therapy (e.g., using the breathing therapy system).

[0111] A sleep period is typically defined as ending once the user removes the user interface 120, turns off the respiratory therapy device 110, and gets out of bed. In some implementations, a sleep period may include additional time periods, or may be limited to only some of the time periods disclosed above. For example, a sleep period may be defined as a time period that begins when the respiratory therapy device 110 begins supplying pressurized air to the user's airway, ends when the respiratory therapy device 110 stops supplying pressurized air to the user's airway, and includes some or all of the time points between when the user falls asleep or wakes up.

[0112] Figure 3 An exemplary timeline 300 for a sleep period is illustrated. Timeline 300 includes bedtime (t... 床 ), time to fall asleep (t) GTS ), initial sleep time (t) 睡眠 First micro-awake state (MA1), second micro-awake state (MA2), awake state (A), awakening time (t) 觉醒 ) and wake-up time (t 起身 ).

[0113] Bedtime t 床 Before the user falls asleep (e.g., when the user is lying down or sitting in bed), they initially go to bed (e.g., Figure 2 The time spent in bed (40) is related to the bedtime. Bedtime t 床 Bedtime can be identified, at least in part, based on a bed threshold duration to distinguish between when a user goes to bed and when they go to bed for other reasons (e.g., watching TV). For example, a bed threshold duration could be at least about 10 minutes, at least about 20 minutes, at least about 30 minutes, at least about 45 minutes, at least about 1 hour, at least about 2 hours, etc. While this article refers to the bed to describe bedtime t... 床 But more generally, bedtime t 床 This can refer to the time when a user initially enters any location intended for sleeping (e.g., sofa, chair, sleeping bag, etc.).

[0114] Going to sleep (GTS) and the time a user goes to bed (t) 床 This is associated with the initial time spent trying to fall asleep. For example, after going to bed, a user can engage in one or more activities to relax before attempting to sleep (e.g., reading, watching TV, listening to music, using user device 260, etc.). Initial sleep time (t) 睡眠 ) is the time when a user initially falls asleep. For example, initial sleep time (t 睡眠 This could be the time when the user initially enters the first non-REM sleep stage.

[0115] Wake-up time t 醒来This is the time associated with when a user wakes up without returning to sleep (e.g., the opposite of when a user wakes up at night and returns to sleep). A user may experience one of several unconscious micro-awake events (e.g., micro-awake MA1 and MA2) with short durations (e.g., 5 seconds, 10 seconds, 30 seconds, 1 minute, etc.) after initially falling asleep. This is related to the wake-up time t. 觉醒 Conversely, the user falls asleep again after each of the micro-awake moments MA1 and MA2. Similarly, the user may have one or more conscious awakenings (e.g., awakening A) after the initial fall asleep (e.g., getting up to go to the bathroom, caring for a child or pet, sleepwalking, etc.). However, the user falls asleep again after awakening A. Therefore, the wake-up time t 觉醒 It can be defined, for example, at least in part, based on the duration of the arousal threshold (e.g., the user has been awake for at least 15 minutes, at least 20 minutes, at least 30 minutes, at least 1 hour, etc.).

[0116] Similarly, the time to get up t 起身 This is associated with the time a user gets out of bed and moves away from the bed in an attempt to end a sleep period (e.g., the opposite of a user getting up at night to go to the bathroom, care for a child or pet, sleepwalk, etc.). In other words, the time of getting up is t. 起身 This is the time a user last leaves the bed and does not return until the next sleep period (e.g., the following night). Therefore, the wake-up time t 起身 The bedtime t for the second subsequent sleep period can be defined, for example, at least in part, based on the duration of the wake-up threshold (e.g., the user has been out of bed for at least 15 minutes, at least 20 minutes, at least 30 minutes, at least 1 hour, etc.). The bedtime t for the second subsequent sleep period can also be defined, at least in part, based on the duration of the wake-up threshold (e.g., the user has been out of bed for at least 4 hours, at least 6 hours, at least 8 hours, at least 12 hours, etc.). 床 time.

[0117] As mentioned above, the user may initially t 床 and finally t 起身 The person wakes up during the night and gets up again. In some implementations, the final wake-up time t 觉醒 and / or final wake-up time t 起身 It is identified or determined at least in part based on a predetermined threshold duration following an event (e.g., falling asleep or getting out of bed). Such threshold durations can be customized for users. For a standard user who goes to bed at night and then wakes up and gets out of bed in the morning, any time period from approximately 12 hours to approximately 18 hours can be used (during which time period from when the user wakes up to when they get out of bed). 觉醒 ) or get up (t 起身 ) and users going to bed (t 床 ), entering sleep (t GTS ) or fall asleep (t 睡眠For users who spend longer periods of time in bed, a shorter threshold time period can be used (e.g., between approximately 8 hours and approximately 14 hours). The threshold time period can be initially selected and / or adjusted later, at least in part, based on a system that monitors the user's sleep behavior.

[0118] Total time in bed (TIB) is the time spent in bed (t). 床 With time to get up t 起身 The duration between the initial sleep time and wake time. Total sleep time (TST) is the duration between the initial sleep time and wake time, excluding any conscious or unconscious wakefulness and / or micro-wakefulness in between. Generally, total sleep time (TST) will be shorter than total time in bed (TIB) (e.g., one minute shorter, ten minutes shorter, one hour shorter, etc.). For example, as shown in timeline 300, total sleep time (TST) at initial sleep time t 睡眠 With wake-up time t 觉醒 The duration spans between these periods, but does not include the durations of the first micro-awake (MA1), the second micro-awake (MA2), and awakening (A). As shown in the figure, in this example, the total sleep time (TST) is shorter than the total bed rest time (TIB).

[0119] In some implementations, total sleep time (TST) can be defined as sustained total sleep time (PTST). In such implementations, sustained total sleep time excludes a predetermined initial portion or time period of the first non-REM stage (e.g., a light sleep stage). For example, the predetermined initial portion could be between about 30 seconds and about 20 minutes, between about 1 minute and about 10 minutes, between about 3 minutes and about 5 minutes, etc. Sustained total sleep time is a measure of sustained sleep and smooths the sleep-wake sleep graph. For example, when a user initially falls asleep, the user may be in the first non-REM stage for a very short time (e.g., about 30 seconds), then return to the wakeful stage for a very short time period (e.g., one minute), and then return to the first non-REM stage. In this example, sustained total sleep time excludes the first instance of the first non-REM stage (e.g., about 30 seconds).

[0120] In some implementations, sleep duration is defined as the time from bedtime (t... 床 ) begins and at the time of standing up (t 起身 The sleep period ends at the beginning of the sleep cycle, which is defined as the total time spent in bed (TIB). In some implementations, the sleep period is defined as the time from the initial sleep time (t...). 睡眠 ) begins and at the wake-up time (t 觉醒 The sleep period ends. In some implementations, the sleep period is defined as the total sleep time (TST). In some implementations, the sleep period is defined as the time from the onset of sleep (t). GTS ) begins and at the wake-up time (t觉醒 The sleep period ends at the time of sleep onset (t). In some implementations, the sleep period is defined as the time from the onset of sleep (t). GTS ) begins and at the time of standing up (t 起身 The sleep period ends at bedtime. In some implementations, the sleep period is defined as the time from bedtime (t...). 床 ) begins and at the wake-up time (t 觉醒 The sleep period ends at the initial sleep time (t). In some implementations, the sleep period is defined as the time from the initial sleep time (t) to the end. 睡眠 ) begins and at the time of standing up (t 起身 )Finish.

[0121] refer to Figure 4 Examples of implementations of the same Figure 3 An exemplary sleep graph 400 corresponds to the timeline 300. As shown, the sleep graph 400 includes a sleep-wake signal 401, a wakefulness stage axis 410, a REM stage axis 420, a light sleep stage axis 430, and a deep sleep stage axis 440. The intersection of the sleep-wake signal 401 with one of the axes 410 to 440 indicates the sleep stage at any given time during a sleep period.

[0122] Sleep-wake signals 401 can be generated, at least in part, based on physiological data associated with the user (e.g., generated by one or more sensors in sensor 210 described herein). Sleep-wake signals can indicate one or more sleep stages, including wakefulness, relaxed wakefulness, micro-wakefulness, REM sleep, a first non-REM sleep stage, a second non-REM sleep stage, a third non-REM sleep stage, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, one or more of the first non-REM sleep stage, the second non-REM sleep stage, and the third non-REM sleep stage can be grouped together and categorized as light sleep stages or deep sleep stages. For example, light sleep stages may include the first non-REM sleep stage, and deep sleep stages may include the second and third non-REM sleep stages. Although sleep diagram 400 is in Figure 4 The sleep graph 400 is shown as including a light sleep stage axis 430 and a deep sleep stage axis 440, but in some embodiments, the sleep graph 400 may include axes for each of the first non-REM stage, the second non-REM stage, and the third non-REM stage. In other embodiments, the sleep-wake signal may also indicate respiratory signals, respiratory rate, inspiratory amplitude, expiratory amplitude, inspiratory-expiratory amplitude ratio, inspiratory-expiratory duration ratio, number of events per hour, event pattern, or any combination thereof. Information describing the sleep-wake signal may be stored in the memory device 204.

[0123] Sleep graph 400 can be used to determine one or more sleep-related parameters, such as, for example, sleep onset latency (SOL), wakefulness after sleep onset (WASO), sleep efficiency (SE), sleep segmentation index, sleep block, or any combination thereof.

[0124] Sleep onset latency (SOL) is defined as the period between the onset of sleep (t) and the onset of sleep (t). GTS ) and initial sleep time (t 睡眠 The sleep onset latency is the time between the initial attempt to fall asleep and the actual time it takes for the user to fall asleep. In some implementations, the sleep onset latency is defined as the sustained sleep onset latency (PSOL). The difference between sustained sleep onset latency and sleep onset latency is that sustained sleep onset latency is defined as the duration between the time of falling asleep and a predetermined amount of sustained sleep. In some implementations, the predetermined amount of sustained sleep may include, for example, at least 10 minutes of sleep within a second non-REM stage, a third non-REM stage, and / or a REM stage with wakefulness not exceeding 2 minutes, a first non-REM stage, and / or the movement between them. In other words, the sustained sleep onset latency requires sustained sleep of up to, for example, 8 minutes within the second non-REM stage, the third non-REM stage, and / or the REM stage. In other implementations, the predetermined amount of sustained sleep may include at least 10 minutes of sleep within the first non-REM stage, the second non-REM stage, the third non-REM stage, and / or the REM stage after the initial sleep time. In such implementations, the predetermined amount of sustained sleep may exclude any micro-wakefulness (e.g., a ten-second micro-wake does not restart the 10-minute time period).

[0125] Waking after sleep onset (WASO) is associated with the total duration of wakefulness between the user's initial sleep time and wakefulness time. Therefore, WASO includes brief periods of wakefulness and micro-wakefulness during sleep periods (e.g., Figure 4 The micro-awake states shown are MA1 and MA2, whether conscious or unconscious. In some implementations, sleep onset wakefulness (WASO) is defined as sustained sleep onset wakefulness (PWASO) which includes only the total duration of wakefulness with a predetermined length (e.g., greater than 10 seconds, greater than 30 seconds, greater than 60 seconds, greater than about 5 minutes, greater than about 10 minutes, etc.).

[0126] Sleep efficiency (SE) is defined as the ratio of total time spent in bed (TIB) to total sleep time (TST). For example, if the total time spent in bed is 8 hours and the total sleep time is 7.5 hours, then the sleep efficiency for that sleep period is 93.75%. Sleep efficiency reflects the user's sleep hygiene. For example, if a user goes to bed before sleep and spends time engaging in other activities (e.g., watching television), sleep efficiency will decrease (e.g., the user is punished). In some implementations, sleep efficiency (SE) can be calculated at least in part based on the total time spent in bed (TIB) and the total time the user attempts to sleep. In such implementations, the total time the user attempts to sleep is defined as the duration between the time to fall asleep (GTS) and the time to wake up as described herein. For example, if the total sleep time is 8 hours (e.g., between 11 PM and 7 AM), the time to fall asleep is 10:45 PM, and the time to wake up is 7:15 AM, then in such implementations, the sleep efficiency parameter is calculated to be approximately 94%.

[0127] The segmentation index is determined at least in part based on the number of awakenings during sleep periods. For example, if a user has two micro-awakes (e.g., Figure 4 (As shown in micro-awake MA1 and micro-awake MA2), the segmentation index can be represented as 2. In some implementations, the segmentation index is scaled within a predetermined range of integers (e.g., between 0 and 10).

[0128] Sleep blocks are associated with the transition between any sleep stage (e.g., first non-REM stage, second non-REM stage, third non-REM stage, and / or REM stage) and the waking stage. Sleep blocks can be calculated at a resolution of, for example, 30 seconds.

[0129] In some embodiments, the systems and methods described herein may include generating or analyzing a sleep map including sleep-wake signals to determine or identify bedtime (t) at least in part based on the sleep-wake signals of the sleep map. 床 ), time to fall asleep (t) GTS ), initial sleep time (t) 睡眠 ), one or more first micro-awake moments (e.g., MA1 and MA2), wake-up time (t) 觉醒 ), time to get up (t) 起身 (or any combination thereof).

[0130] In other embodiments, one or more of the sensors 210 may be used to determine or identify bedtime (t) that, in turn, defines a sleep period. 床 ), time to fall asleep (t) GTS ), initial sleep time (t) 睡眠 ), one or more first micro-awake (e.g., MA1 and MA2), wake-up time (t)觉醒 ), time to get up (t) 起身 ) or any combination thereof. For example, bedtime t 床 The time to fall asleep can be determined at least in part based on, for example, data generated by motion sensor 218, microphone 220, camera 232, or any combination thereof. The time to fall asleep can be determined at least in part based on, for example, data from motion sensor 218 (e.g., data indicating that the user is not moving), data from camera 232 (e.g., data indicating that the user is not moving and / or that the user has turned off the lights), data from microphone 220 (e.g., data indicating that the user has turned off the television), data from user device 260 (e.g., data indicating that the user is no longer using user device 260), data from pressure sensor 212 and / or flow sensor 214 (e.g., data indicating that the user turns on the breathing therapy device 110, data indicating that the user puts on user interface 120, etc.) or any combination thereof.

[0131] This paper discloses systems and methods for presenting breathing drags to users. Presenting a breathing drag before and / or during breathing therapy can promote a state of relaxation before and / or after starting breathing therapy. In particular, the dragging procedures and stimulations described herein encourage and promote breathing patterns that can promote parasympathetic activity and conversely reduce sympathetic activity. The parasympathetic nervous system dominates in a quiet state of "rest and digestion," while the sympathetic nervous system drives a "fight or flight" response under stress. Therefore, the promotion of parasympathetic activity by the dragging procedures and stimulations described herein can improve the user's state of relaxation and reduce their anxiety, help the user fall asleep faster, and improve the breathing therapy experience, which in turn increases adherence to the therapy. Breathing drags can be presented to users in a variety of different scenarios.

[0132] Now for reference Figure 5In some cases, system 10 can present a dragging procedure to a user using the respiratory therapy system 100 without requiring the user to participate in a sleep period. For example, while the respiratory therapy device 110 is channeling pressurized air through conduit 140 to the user interface 120, the user may be sitting or lying in bed wearing the user interface 120, but not actually trying to fall asleep. This type of use case allows the user to become familiar with dragging stimuli and the overall dragging process while using the respiratory therapy device 110, which will be used when they participate in a sleep period (e.g., when trying to fall asleep). This type of adaptive training allows the user to become familiar with both different types of dragging stimuli and the respiratory therapy device 110 itself. This adaptive training also allows for the determination of various parameters associated with dragging stimuli and allows for the collection of important information from the user (e.g., how the user responds to different dragging stimuli, how sensitive the user is to dragging, how successful the user is in achieving dragging their breathing patterns, etc.), all of which is done before the user attempts to actually participate in a sleep period. The period during which the user performs this type of adaptive training may be referred to as an "adaptive training period" or an "on-device adaptive training period," where "device" refers to the respiratory therapy device. Such periods may be particularly useful for users who use respiratory therapy devices and generally have some anxiety or difficulty getting used to respiratory therapy devices and / or respiratory therapy.

[0133] Figure 5 This is a flowchart of method 500, which is used to present a drag-and-drop procedure when a user is using a respiratory therapy system (such as respiratory therapy system 100) but is not actually engaged in a sleep period. Generally, a control system (such as control system 200 of system 10) having one or more processors is configured to execute the steps of method 500. A memory device (such as memory device 204 of system 10) can be used to store machine-readable instructions executed by the control system to perform the steps of method 500. The memory device can also store any type of data utilized in the steps of method 500. Generally, method 500 can be implemented using a system including a respiratory therapy system, a control system, and a memory device (such as system 10).

[0134] Step 510 of method 500 includes receiving data associated with the user during an adaptive training period. The data may include a variety of different types of data. In some embodiments, the data may include sensor data from any suitable type of sensor, such as pressure data from pressure sensor 212, flow data from flow sensor 214, motion data from motion sensor 218 (which may indicate movement of the user's chest during breathing), image data from camera 232 (which may indicate movement of the user's chest during breathing), PPG data from PPG sensor 236, ECG data from ECG sensor 238, EEG data from EEG sensor 240, and / or any sensor or combination of sensors. Therefore, in some cases, the sensor data may include any combination of physiological data associated with physiological parameters and airflow data associated with the air flowing in the respiratory therapy system. In some cases, physiological data (e.g., respiratory information derived from pressure and flow data) may be additionally or alternatively derived from the airflow data.

[0135] In some implementations, the data includes environmental data associated with the user's location and / or the respiratory therapy device. The environmental data may include data from any of the sensors in sensor 210 (e.g., temperature from temperature sensor 216, humidity from humidity sensor 254, etc.). The environment may also include data from sources other than any of the sensors in sensor 210.

[0136] In some implementations, the data includes health / demographic statistics associated with the user. Health / demographic statistics may include, for example, data associated with the user's age, gender, ethnicity, geographic location, employment status, education level, socioeconomic status, BMI, presence of other comorbidities (e.g., COPD), lung compliance parameters, etc. In some cases, health / demographic statistics may include physiological data and / or airflow data similar to sensor data.

[0137] Therefore, the data may include at least sensor data generated by one or more sensors (which may include physiological data and / or airflow data), environmental data associated with the user's location and / or respiratory therapy system, health / demographic data associated with the user, other types of data, and any combination thereof.

[0138] In some implementations, method 500 may first include prompting the user to perform a specific action to generate desired data. For example, the user may be prompted (using a breathing therapy device, their smartphone, etc.) to take deep breaths to win, for example, in a game (e.g., gamifying breathing exercises) or to replicate a certain breathing pattern, which can be used to generate data that may be used, for example, to provide information for selecting a drag program and / or generating drag waveforms.

[0139] Step 520 includes extracting respiratory information from the data. Respiratory information may include any suitable information that can be used to analyze the user's breathing. For example, respiratory information may include respiratory rate, inspiratory (or exhalation) amplitude, expiratory (or exhalation) amplitude, inspiratory-expiratory ratio, respiratory signals representing the user's breathing, lung volume parameters such as total lung volume (TLC), forced expiratory volume (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), vital capacity (VC), residual lung volume (RV), and maximum voluntary minute ventilation (MMV)), and / or any other suitable type of respiratory information.

[0140] Steps 530 and 540 of method 500 cover presenting a dragging procedure to the user during an adaptation training period. Step 530 includes generating a dragging waveform. The dragging waveform can typically be any type of waveform or pattern desired to be presented to the user and can be used to guide the user's breathing toward the desired breathing drag. Typically, the dragging waveform can take any of a variety of different forms to represent the user's target breathing pattern (e.g., a specific inspiratory and / or expiratory pattern). Generally, the shape of the dragging waveform (e.g., amplitude, frequency, other characteristics) will match the shape of the target breathing pattern. However, the dragging waveform can also represent the target breathing pattern in other ways. For example, in some cases, the frequency of the dragging waveform can represent the target breathing rate, but there is no correlation between the amplitude of the dragging waveform and the desired breathing amplitude.

[0141] In some cases, the target breathing pattern represented by a given drag waveform is the final target breathing pattern for an adaptive training period. This final target breathing pattern represents the ultimate desired breathing pattern that the user is attempting to drag to. For example, the final target breathing pattern could be a pattern with a breathing rate of 6 breaths / minute, and no drag waveform would be generated during adaptive training periods representing breathing rates below 6 breaths / minute. However, in other cases, the target breathing pattern represented by a given drag waveform is merely an intermediate target breathing pattern. These intermediate target breathing patterns represent breathing patterns where, once the user reaches such a pattern, the drag waveform can be updated to represent a new (e.g., updated) target breathing pattern, which itself could be the final target breathing pattern or an additional intermediate breathing pattern. As discussed in more detail herein, the use of intermediate target breathing patterns allows for a gradual change in the user's breathing pattern. In some cases, this gradual change will involve a gradual decrease in the user's breathing rate. As used herein, the term "target breathing pattern" refers only to the breathing pattern represented by a given drag waveform and generally encompasses both the final target breathing pattern and the intermediate target breathing pattern.

[0142] The drag waveform can have portions corresponding to inhalation and portions corresponding to exhalation (for example, the drag waveform can be a sine wave, where the positive portion represents inhalation and the negative portion represents exhalation; or where the positive slope portion represents inhalation and the negative slope portion represents exhalation). The drag waveform can include sine waves, square waves, triangle waves, sawtooth waves, symmetrical waves, asymmetrical waves, other types of waves, or any combination thereof.

[0143] In some implementations, the drag waveform for an adaptive training period is a predetermined waveform not based on data or respiratory information. For example, the drag waveform may represent a reserve target breathing pattern, which is typically applicable to a large number of typical users or to a queue of typical users to which a user belongs, where the queue can be defined by one or more parameters, such as demographic parameters. In other implementations, the drag waveform (and therefore the target breathing pattern) for an adaptive training period may be at least partially based on data and / or respiratory information. In some of these implementations, a new drag waveform may be generated for the adaptive training period based on data and / or respiratory information. In other implementations, generating a drag waveform includes generating a predetermined drag waveform and then modifying the predetermined drag waveform based on data and / or respiratory information. In any of these implementations, the respiratory information may include the user's current breathing pattern, and the drag waveform represents the target breathing pattern.

[0144] The received data and / or respiratory information can be used to adjust the drag waveform based on the user's specific needs. For example, if the data and / or respiratory information indicates that the user's lung volume is reduced, a drag waveform with a relatively small amplitude (representing a smaller inspiratory and / or expiratory volume) can be generated. In another example, if the data and / or respiratory information indicates that the user has a relatively high current respiratory rate, a drag waveform representing a higher than typical respiratory rate can be generated.

[0145] Step 540 includes presenting a drag stimulus to the user at least in part based on the drag waveform. A stimulation device (such as stimulation device 208) is typically used to present the drag stimulus, which may include a speaker (such as speaker 222), a display device (such as display device 150, display device 262 of user device 260, a projector from which visual stimuli can be projected onto a surface (such as a wall or ceiling), etc.), a tactile device, a respiratory therapy device, or any other suitable stimulation device. In some embodiments, the drag stimulus will match the drag waveform. In other embodiments, the drag stimulus will be based on but not match the drag waveform. For example, the stimulation device may receive the drag waveform as input such that the drag waveform is used to adjust or otherwise modify the standard output of the stimulation device. In a particular example, the stimulation device is a speaker capable of playing a sound representing a basic waveform. The drag waveform is used to modify the basic waveform, and the speaker can play a sound representing the modified basic waveform. The basic waveform is effectively used as a carrier signal, with the drag waveform serving as the adjustment signal. In this case, the speaker's output is not matched to the drag waveform but is based on it.

[0146] In some implementations, the dragging stimulus is an audio stimulus. In these implementations, presenting the dragging stimulus may include generating an audio stimulus and / or modulating an existing audio stimulus. For example, a speaker may play a tone with varying pitch and / or a volume matching the dragging stimulus. In another example, the speaker may modulate some existing audio source (e.g., a song or video being played) to match the dragging stimulus. In some implementations, method 500 may include presenting adaptive training sounds during an adaptive training period. These adaptive training sounds may be varied sounds presented as dragging stimuli. These adaptive training sounds may also be a constant background noise that is then modulated when the dragging stimulus is presented. These adaptive training sounds may also be presented during adaptive training sounds when the user interface is not being worn.

[0147] In other embodiments, the dragging stimulus is a visual stimulus. In these embodiments, presenting the dragging stimulus may include generating visual stimuli and / or modulating existing visual stimuli. For example, the display device may display an animation whose color, size, shape, etc., changes to match the dragging stimulus. In a particular example, the display device may display a circle that enlarges during a dragging waveform portion representing inhalation and shrinks during a dragging waveform portion representing exhalation (e.g., matching the volume of a user's lungs during breathing). In another particular example, the display device may show a waveform being outlined or a marker moving along a waveform. In yet another example, the display device may modulate some existing visual stimuli being displayed on the display device, such as by increasing and decreasing the brightness of the visual stimuli.

[0148] In another embodiment, the dragging stimulus is a tactile stimulus. In these embodiments, presenting a dragging stimulus may include generating a visual stimulus or modifying an existing tactile stimulus. Tactile stimuli can generally include any stimulus or action that the user can actually feel, such as the movement of the user's bed; vibration of a user device (e.g., the user's smartphone); pulses of vibration from the blower motor of a respiratory therapy device used to generate vibrations in the duct, in the user interface, or in the air passing through the duct and user interface to reach the user's airway, or any combination thereof; and other stimuli or actions.

[0149] In an additional implementation, drag stimulation includes modulating the airflow being generated by the respiratory therapy system. For example, if the respiratory therapy device is directing airflow to a user interface being worn by a user during an adaptation training period, the air pressure can be adjusted to match the drag waveform and / or adapt to the user's breathing, which itself can be modulated via independent drag stimulation (such as visual and / or audio stimulation) corresponding to the drag waveform. In implementations where air pressure is adjusted to match the drag waveform, the inspiratory positive airway pressure (IPAP) and expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP) settings of the respiratory therapy device can be adjusted based on the drag waveform to encourage the user's breathing to align with the drag waveform. For example, the duration of increased pressure during a desired inspiratory period and decreased pressure during a desired expiratory period can be prolonged to promote prolonged (slower) inspiration during the desired inspiratory period and prolonged (slower) expiration during the desired expiratory period. Additionally or alternatively, pressure may be increased during the desired inhalation period and decreased during the desired exhalation period to promote inhalation during the desired inhalation period and exhalation during the desired exhalation period.

[0150] In embodiments where air pressure is adjusted to accommodate the user's breathing (which is itself regulated via independent drag stimulation), air pressure can be increased during the inspiratory portion of the drag waveform and / or decreased during the expiratory portion. In certain examples, the expiratory pressure release (EPR) setting of the respiratory therapy device can be adjusted to accommodate the user's breathing regulated according to drag stimulation. In such examples, the respiratory therapy device may not actively promote alignment of the user's breathing with the drag waveform, but it does facilitate such alignment. Other parameters associated with airflow can also be adjusted. In some embodiments, airflow regulation can cause vibrations in the duct and / or in the user interface, thus also presenting tactile stimulation. For example, pulses can be applied to the blower motor of the respiratory therapy device to generate vibrations in the duct and / or in the user interface.

[0151] Therefore, method 500 allows the user to become accustomed to (or begin to accustom) using the breathing therapy system (e.g., wearing a user interface while the breathing therapy device allows pressurized air to flow to the user interface), while encouraging the user to breathe according to a target breathing pattern (which, as noted, may be a final target breathing pattern or an intermediate target breathing pattern). This helps the user get used to the feeling of pressurized air without breathing too quickly and / or too irregularly, so that once the user uses the breathing therapy system during sleep, the user's anxiety is reduced and normal breathing is less difficult. As used herein, "breathing pattern" will generally refer to any group of characteristics that indicate one or more of the user's breathing pattern, including respiratory rate (e.g., the frequency of the user's inhalation and exhalation), inspiratory amplitude and duration, expiratory amplitude and duration, inspiratory-expiratory ratio, etc. Therefore, a target breathing pattern may refer to a target respiratory rate, a target inspiratory-expiratory ratio, a target inspiratory and / or expiratory amplitude, a target inspiratory duration, a target inspiratory hold duration, a target expiratory duration, a target expiratory hold duration, a target breathing shape, other parameters, or any combination thereof.

[0152] In some embodiments, the target breathing pattern includes a target inspiratory-expiratory ratio of approximately 35% inspiratory / 65% expiratory, approximately 40% inspiratory / 60% expiratory, approximately 45% inspiratory / 55% expiratory, or other ratios. In some embodiments, the target breathing pattern includes a target respiratory rate of approximately 5 to 7 breaths per minute or approximately 6 breaths per minute. In some embodiments, the target breathing pattern includes both a target inspiratory-expiratory ratio (e.g., 35% / 65%, 40% / 60%, 45% / 55%, etc.) and a target respiratory rate (e.g., 5 to 7 breaths per minute, 6 breaths per minute, etc.). In other embodiments, the rhythmic breathing induced to achieve the target breathing pattern may embody the concept of box breathing, which typically involves inhaling for a specific amount of time, holding an inhalation for a specific amount of time, exhaling for a specific amount of time, holding an exhalation for a specific amount of time, or any combination thereof. Moreover, for example, rhythmic breathing induced to achieve a target breathing pattern can achieve the 4-7-8 breathing technique, in which the user inhales for 4 seconds, holds their breath for 7 seconds, and exhales for 8 seconds.

[0153] As discussed herein, one or more intermediate target breathing patterns can be applied in a stepwise manner until the final target breathing pattern is reached. In the example, the dragging procedure can only proceed to the next intermediate (or final) target breathing pattern if the user achieves and / or maintains the previous target breathing pattern for a predetermined period of time (which may include a predetermined amount of time and / or a predetermined number of breaths). Alternatively, the user may not be able to reach the final target breathing pattern, but the user may achieve one or more intermediate goals, which may result in reduced anxiety, increased familiarity with pressurized air breathing, etc. Additional information on using different stimuli to drag the user's breathing pattern toward the target breathing pattern can be found in WO 2023 / 031802, the entire text of which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0154] In some implementations, the presentation of the drag-and-drop procedure also includes displaying on a display device a current waveform representing the user's current breathing pattern and a drag-and-drop waveform representing the target breathing pattern. This allows the user to visually track how close their breathing is to the target breathing pattern (which can therefore encourage the user to reach the target breathing pattern), while also receiving drag-and-drop stimulation representing the target breathing pattern. On the display device, the drag-and-drop waveform may be superimposed on and / or adjacent to the current waveform. The current waveform and the drag-and-drop waveform can be represented on the display using lines, circles, bubbles, or substantially any suitable shape and / or format.

[0155] In some implementations, method 500 further includes determining a drag coherence score, which represents the coherence between breathing information and a drag waveform (e.g., between a user's current breathing pattern and a target breathing pattern). The drag coherence score can indicate how close the user's breathing is to the target. For example, the drag coherence score can be based at least in part on the phase difference between the drag waveform and a waveform representing the user's current breathing pattern, and / or whether the phase difference changes over time (e.g., whether the user's breathing pattern is aligning with the target breathing pattern). In these examples, the drag coherence score can be the actual phase difference, can be derived from the phase difference, or can have other forms. In another example, the drag coherence score can be based at least in part on the difference between the inspiratory and / or expiratory volumes (e.g., amplitude) of the drag waveform and a waveform representing the user's current breathing pattern (e.g., the amplitude difference between the two waveforms). In these examples, the drag coherence score can be the ratio of inspiratory volume to target inspiratory volume, the ratio of expiratory volume to target expiratory volume, the ratio of the current inspiratory / expiratory ratio to the target inspiratory / expiratory ratio, etc. Additionally or alternatively, the drag coherence score can be based on the user's stress level. For example, physiological parameters representing the stress experienced by the user (e.g., skin conductance response, heart rate variability, heart rate, blood pressure, EEG parameters, etc.) can be measured and used to determine the drag coherence score. In some of these examples, the drag coherence score can be the difference between the current value and the expected value of a physiological parameter. Typically, the drag coherence score can include any type of information learned about the relationship between a particular drag waveform and / or drag stimulus and the user's breathing in response to a drag stimulus presented with a drag waveform corresponding to that drag waveform.

[0156] In some implementations, a drag coherence score may be displayed to the user as another visual indication that the user can track while receiving drag stimuli. In some cases, the drag coherence score is displayed only if it meets a predetermined threshold. In other cases, the drag coherence score is displayed immediately once determined. In these cases, the drag coherence score may be dynamically adjusted based on the closeness of the user's breathing to the drag waveform at different times during the adaptation training period (or sleep period, as discussed further herein). In still other cases, the drag coherence score is displayed to the user only after the adaptation training period has ended.

[0157] In some implementations, the drag coherence score is presented to the user in numerical form. In other implementations, the drag coherence score is presented to the user as a series of trajectories that compare the user's breathing pattern to a target breathing pattern represented by a drag waveform. For example, a first trajectory may be generated at least partially based on breathing information indicating the user's breathing, and a second trajectory may be generated at least partially based on the drag waveform. The second trajectory may simply be a visual representation of the drag waveform. The first and second trajectories may be presented as superimposed or adjacent to each other to provide the user with an indication of the drag coherence score. In yet another implementation, the drag coherence score is presented in both numerical and trajectories. Furthermore, it should be understood that a "trajectories" can be implemented as any form of visual representation suitable for illustrating the relative relationship between breathing information and the drag waveform (e.g., quantitative, semi-quantitative, etc.).

[0158] In some implementations, the dragging waveform can be updated if the user's current breathing rate differs from the target breathing rate by a predetermined threshold amount (e.g., too high relative to the target breathing rate). It is generally undesirable for the user to breathe at a rate that is too fast or uncomfortable (and / or to be induced to breathe at such a rate), as this can have the opposite effect of the intended relaxation of the dragging procedure and may actually increase the user's anxiety (e.g., due to the sympathetic nervous system's "fight or flight" response). A breathing rate that is faster than the user's current breathing rate at the start of the dragging procedure / stimulation (also known as the user's spontaneous breathing rate) may be too fast. A suitable initial dragging waveform can include a breathing rate between the user's current breathing rate (such as the user's breathing rate in the current position, such as prone, supine, left lateral, or right lateral) and a breathing rate that is 1 to 4 breaths / minute lower than the current breathing rate. Moreover, it should not be more than about 4 breaths / minute lower than the current breathing rate, as this could cause discomfort or difficulty for the user by requiring the current breathing rate to be reduced to such a degree. Therefore, the user's current breathing rate is calculated within a time window (which can be approximately 15 to 20 seconds, approximately 30 seconds, approximately 1 minute, approximately 2 minutes, approximately 3 minutes, approximately 4 minutes, approximately 5 minutes, etc.) to ensure accuracy and avoid bias due to perturbations in their breathing rate, and it is usually necessary to take the median or truncated mean of previous breaths to reduce outliers.

[0159] Therefore, in some examples, if the drag coherence score indicates that the user's current respiratory rate is too high for the drag stimulus to be effective (e.g., by evoking anxiety or a "fight or flight" response in the sympathetic nervous system), the drag waveform can be updated to represent an updated target respiratory rate that is higher than the actual target respiratory rate (but still lower than the current respiratory rate). The drag stimulus can then be presented at least partially based on the updated drag waveform. Once the user's current respiratory rate slows down to match the updated target respiratory rate, the drag waveform can be updated to represent the actual target respiratory rate again, and the drag stimulus can be presented at least partially based on the updated drag waveform. Thus, the drag coherence score can also be used to help reduce the user's respiratory rate in a gradual manner, if desired.

[0160] In some implementations, the drag waveform can be updated if the drag coherence score meets a threshold and / or meets the threshold for at least a predetermined amount of time. For example, if the drag coherence score indicates that the current respiratory rate is significantly higher than the target respiratory rate, the drag waveform can be updated and the drag stimulus can be re-presented. In another example, the drag waveform can be updated and the drag stimulus can be re-presented if the drag coherence score indicates that the current respiratory rate has been higher than the target respiratory rate for a threshold period of time (e.g., the current drag stimulus does not appear to be reducing the user's respiratory rate or is not reducing the user's respiratory rate at the expected rate).

[0161] Typically, method 500 can be implemented when the user is awake and wearing the user interface. In many embodiments, method 500 is implemented when the respiratory therapy system is fully connected and operational, for example, when the user interface is fluidly coupled to the respiratory therapy device via a conduit, and the respiratory therapy device is allowing air to flow through the conduit and to the user interface. In other embodiments, the user interface may be fluidly coupled to the respiratory therapy device via a conduit, but no airflow is observed. In yet another embodiment, the user interface may be fluidly coupled to the respiratory therapy device via a conduit, wherein one or more valves of the user interface are open to the atmosphere (regardless of whether air flows from the respiratory therapy device to the user interface). In additional embodiments, method 500 is implemented when the user is wearing the user interface but the user interface is not fluidly coupled to the respiratory therapy device (e.g., not directly fluidly coupled to a conduit or elbow connector; fluidly coupled to an elbow connector where the elbow connector is not fluidly coupled to the conduit, or the elbow connector is fluidly coupled to the conduit but the conduit is not fluidly coupled to the respiratory therapy device; fluidly coupled to the conduit where the conduit is not fluidly coupled to the respiratory therapy device; etc.). In yet another embodiment, method 500 can be implemented when the user is not wearing the user interface at all. In some implementations, method 500 may also include using tests to assess the fit of the user interface (including user interface sealing). Leakage can be determined (e.g., estimated) by the respiratory therapy device using any suitable technique. The user may also be prompted to provide feedback (such as the sensation of air blowing into their eyes, the location of the leak, etc.). Based on the leak determination (such as the amount and / or nature of the leak), the user may be prompted to adjust the user interface fit, use a different user interface (such as a different pad size), use a different type of user interface (such as a full-face mask instead of a nose mask), etc.

[0162] In some implementations, the drag coherence score may include multiple sub-scores, each representing a different aspect or portion of an adaptive training period. For example, in some implementations, the respiratory therapy system may provide air at different pressures. For each different pressure with a given drag waveform and / or drag stimulus, a drag coherence sub-score can be generated, allowing the coherence between the user's breathing pattern and the target breathing pattern to be measured at each of the different pressures. In other cases, each sub-score corresponds to a different amount of time elapsed since the initial presentation of the drag waveform-based drag stimulus, allowing the coherence between the user's breathing pattern and the target breathing pattern to be measured over time.

[0163] Now for reference Figures 6 to 10In some cases, system 10 may present a drag-and-drop procedure to a user using the breathing therapy system 100 and participating in a sleep session. For example, a user may be lying in bed trying to fall asleep when starting to use the breathing therapy system or during its use. In this use case, the drag-and-drop procedure may attempt to guide the user's breathing pattern toward a target breathing pattern designed to improve the user's sleep (e.g., shortening sleep onset latency, or otherwise improving the user's sleep session by reducing anxiety, claustrophobia, etc.). The session in which the user is performing this type of drag-and-drop may be referred to as a "sleep session with breathing drag-and-drop" or a "sleep session on device with breathing drag-and-drop," where "device" refers to the breathing therapy device. Such sessions can be useful for all users, especially those who have previously undergone device-free or device-on-device adaptation training sessions.

[0164] Figure 6 This is a flowchart of method 600, which is used to present a drag-and-drop procedure when a user is using a respiratory therapy system (such as respiratory therapy system 100) and participating in a sleep phase. Generally, a control system (such as control system 200 of system 10) having one or more processors is configured to execute the steps of method 600. A memory device (such as memory device 204 of system 10) can be used to store machine-readable instructions executed by the control system to perform the steps of method 600. The memory device can also store any type of data utilized in the steps of method 600. Generally, method 600 can be implemented using a system including a respiratory therapy system, a control system, and a memory device (such as system 10).

[0165] Step 610 of method 600 includes receiving data associated with the user during a sleep period. The data may include data from any suitable type of sensor, such as pressure data from pressure sensor 212, flow data from flow sensor 214, motion data from motion sensor 218 (which may indicate movement of the user and / or a part of the user's body, such as the user's chest, during breathing), image data from camera 232 (which may indicate movement of the user and / or a part of the user's body, such as the user's chest, during breathing), PPG data from PPG sensor 236, ECG data from ECG sensor 238, EEG data from EEG sensor 240, and / or any sensor or combination of sensors.

[0166] Steps 620 and 630 of method 600 cover generating a dragging procedure during sleep and presenting the dragging procedure to a user. Step 620 includes generating a dragging waveform, and step 630 includes presenting dragging stimulation at least in part based on the dragging waveform.

[0167] Similar to method 500, the drag waveform can generally be any type of waveform or pattern desired to be presented to the user and can be used to guide the user's breathing toward the desired breathing drag. Typically, the drag waveform represents the user's target breathing pattern (e.g., a specific inspiratory and / or expiratory pattern). Therefore, the drag waveform can have portions corresponding to inhalation and portions corresponding to exhalation (e.g., the drag waveform can be a sine wave where the positive portion represents inhalation and the negative portion represents exhalation; or where the positive slope portion represents inhalation and the negative slope portion represents exhalation). Similar to method 500, the target breathing pattern during the sleep period can be the final desired breathing pattern during the sleep period, or it can be an intermediate breathing pattern between the user's initial breathing pattern and the final target breathing pattern. The drag stimulus presented in step 630 can be the same as or similar to the drag stimulus presented in step 540 of method 500.

[0168] In some implementations, the drag waveform presented during sleep periods is designed to guide the user toward a target breathing pattern that encourages the user to fall asleep (e.g., shortens the user's sleep onset latency). Dragging waveforms such as this one typically encourage rhythmic breathing involving slow diaphragmatic breathing, with the aim of reducing the initial respiratory rate from, for example, 15 breaths / minute to 6 breaths / minute. Extensive evidence supports that this type of breathing induces respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), which is heart rate variability (HRV) synchronized with breathing. Increased HRV triggers physiological changes associated with overall health benefits, promoting a relaxed state. These benefits include a general decrease in heart rate, lower blood pressure, etc. RSA comprises heart rate fluctuations corresponding to breathing, where the heart rate increases during inhalation and decreases during exhalation. HRV is a measure of the temporal variation between each heartbeat, controlled by the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The ANS maintains a delicate balance between parasympathetic and sympathetic activity. Breathing-induced RSA or HRV indicates parasympathetic activation. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system results in more regular and consistent intervals between heartbeats.

[0169] Figure 7An example pressure curve 700 is shown, which is used to regulate the airflow of a respiratory therapy system acting as a drag stimulus to gradually reduce the user's breathing rate at the start of a sleep period and to help the user fall asleep. Pressure curve 700 plots pressure P on the vertical axis and time t on the horizontal axis, where time t = t0 marks the beginning of the inspiratory portion of the breath. As shown, a single breath is divided into an inspiratory period 702A (when the user inhales), an inspiratory hold period 702B (when the user briefly holds their breath after inhalation and before exhalation), an expiratory period 702C (when the user exhales), and an expiratory hold period 702D (when the user holds their breath after exhalation and before inhalation). During the inspiratory period 702A, the pressure gradually increases from EPAAP pressure 704 to IPAP pressure 706. During the inspiratory hold period 702B, the pressure remains at IPAP pressure 706. During the expiratory phase 702C, the pressure gradually decreases from the IPAP pressure 706 to the EPAP pressure 704. During the expiratory hold phase 702D, the pressure remains at the EPAP pressure 704. In the illustrated embodiment, the pressure changes linearly during the inspiratory phase 702A and the expiratory phase 702C. However, the pressure curve 700 can be designed such that the pressure changes in other ways during these phases (e.g., based on the curves during the inspiratory phase 702A and the expiratory phase 702C).

[0170] Once the user's actual breathing reaches the target respiratory rate represented by pressure curve 700 (or if the difference between the actual respiratory rate and the target respiratory rate is within a predetermined threshold difference), pressure curve 700 can be modified to represent a new (intermediate or final) target respiratory rate, which is typically lower than the previous (e.g., intermediate) target respiratory rate. This gradual reduction can continue until: (i) the user's respiratory rate reaches the final target respiratory rate, (ii) the user's respiratory rate reaches a minimum respiratory rate higher than the final target respiratory rate but will not decrease further, or (iii) the user falls asleep.

[0171] Therefore, the drag waveform generated in step 620 can take the form of a pressure curve 700, which is then used to present the drag stimulation as a modulation of airflow. In some embodiments, additional or alternative drag stimulation can also be provided based on the pressure curve 700. Information about the pressure curve 700 can be provided in any suitable manner (such as via Bluetooth). TMThe stimulus (which may be a smartphone) is sent via Wi-Fi or other means to a stimulation device, which can then generate audio, visual, and / or tactile stimulation. For example, if the dragging stimulus includes the enlargement and reduction of the size of a circle displayed on the user's smartphone, the circle may enlarge during a planned breathing period and shrink during a planned exhalation period. In another example, if the dragging stimulus includes a modulated tone played through a speaker, the volume and / or pitch of the tone may increase during an inhalation period and decrease during an exhalation period.

[0172] Furthermore, while this paper discusses pressure curve 700 in relation to reducing the user's breathing rate during sleep, pressure curve 700 (and / or similar pressure curves) can be used during any of the methods discussed herein. For example, pressure curve 700 can be used to regulate airflow during adaptation training periods. This dragging stimulation can be used during adaptation training periods to help the user become accustomed to the same type of airflow regulation during sleep.

[0173] Figure 8A and Figure 8B It is a graph of breathing rate versus time, illustrating the use of dragging stimulation during sleep to gradually reduce a user's breathing rate and help them fall asleep. Figure 8A and Figure 8B Suitable implementations in which drag stimulation includes regulating the flow of air from a respiratory therapy device to the user interface (e.g., Figure 7 The implementation illustrated herein is applicable, but it is also applicable to virtually any type of dragging stimulation presented to the user during sleep periods.

[0174] Figure 8A The diagram 800 includes a respiratory rate trajectory 802 showing the user's respiratory rate in breaths per minute (bpm), and a drag stimulation trajectory 804 showing the target respiratory rate represented by the current drag waveform and drag stimulation. As shown, the drag stimulation trajectory 804 initially has a rate of 15 bpm, while the respiratory rate trajectory 802 varies between approximately 15 bpm and greater than 17.5 bpm. Between 75 and 100 seconds, once the respiratory rate trajectory 802 remains at a threshold period of approximately 15 bpm (and / or breaths), the drag stimulation trajectory 804 decreases to approximately 12 bpm. Then, as the user is induced to breathe at a lower rate by the corresponding drag stimulation, the respiratory rate trajectory 802 begins to decrease toward the drag stimulation trajectory 804. This cycle can continue until the respiratory rate trajectory 802 reaches the final target respiratory rate, which in this case is approximately 5 to 6 bpm.

[0175] Figure 8B Chart 810 and Figure 8A Similar to Figure 800, Figure 800 includes a breathing rate trajectory 812 and a drag stimulation trajectory 814. Breathing rate trajectory 812 shows the user's breathing rate in bpm (breaths per minute), and drag stimulation trajectory 814 shows the target breathing rate represented by the current drag waveform and drag stimulation. As shown, breathing rate trajectory 812 follows drag stimulation trajectory 814 down to approximately 9 bpm. However, at approximately 60 seconds, it is detected that the user has fallen asleep. At this point, although drag stimulation trajectory 814 can continue to decrease, breathing rate trajectory 812 no longer follows drag stimulation trajectory 814 because the user is asleep. Therefore, Figures 800 and 810 demonstrate the effectiveness of drag waveforms and drag stimulation in gradually reducing the user's breathing rate to reach the final target breathing rate through one or more intermediate target breathing rates, inducing the user to fall asleep, and then allowing the user to fall asleep normally.

[0176] Return to reference Figure 6 In some implementations, the generation of the drag waveform and the presentation of the drag stimulation can be based on the data generated in step 610. For example, step 620 may include: determining the user's current respiratory rate, and then generating a drag waveform such that the drag waveform represents a target respiratory rate that is between 1 and 4 breaths per minute less than the user's current respiratory rate. This target respiratory rate may be a final target respiratory rate (if the user's current respiratory rate is close to the user's final target respiratory rate), or it may be an intermediate target respiratory rate higher than the desired respiratory rate. In other examples, the data may be used to determine when to begin generating the drag waveform and presenting the drag stimulation. For example, the drag waveform and drag stimulation may be generated and presented if the data indicates that the user has entered a sleep period (e.g., the data indicates that the user is wearing a user interface and / or is breathing pressurized air, the data indicates that the user's movement is reduced or there is no movement other than chest movement, the data indicates that the user is in a lying (e.g., supine) position, etc.). In another example, the drag waveform and drag stimulation may be triggered by using a respiratory therapy system (such as via a user device, e.g., a smartphone with an app that optionally communicates with a respiratory therapy device).

[0177] In another example, the drag waveform and drag stimulation are based on the current pressure of the air supplied by the respiratory therapy system. In this example, method 600 may include a sub-step 615 after step 610. Sub-step 615 includes determining the current pressure of the air flowing from the respiratory therapy device to the user interface. Once the current pressure is determined, generating the drag waveform at step 620 includes step 622, which includes generating the drag waveform based at least in part on the current pressure. Method 600 then proceeds to step 630, where the drag stimulation is presented. Because the drag waveform is generated based on the current pressure, the drag waveform presented in step 630 will also therefore be based on the current pressure.

[0178] If it is determined that different drag waveforms (e.g., different target breathing patterns) are required for different pressures of air flowing to the user interface, this example of method 600 can be used. Typically, this example of method 600 may include providing air at a first pressure during a sleep period, generating a first drag waveform based on the first pressure, and then presenting the first drag waveform based on the first drag waveform. Later during the sleep period, air may be provided at a second pressure (e.g., during a pressure ramp in the early portion of the sleep period), a second drag waveform may be generated, and a second drag stimulus may be presented based on the second drag waveform. This example of method 600 may also include changing the type of drag stimulus used.

[0179] Figure 9 This is a flowchart of method 900, which is used to present a dragging procedure during a sleep period, wherein the dragging stimulus presented to the user, in lieu of or in addition to air pressure, varies at least in part based on the time within the sleep period. Generally, a control system (such as control system 200 of system 10) having one or more processors is configured to execute the steps of method 900. A memory device (such as memory device 204 of system 10) can be used to store machine-readable instructions executed by the control system to perform the steps of method 900. The memory device can also store any type of data utilized in the steps of method 900. Generally, method 900 can be implemented using a system including a respiratory therapy system, a control system, and a memory device (such as system 10).

[0180] Step 910 includes generating a first drag waveform during a sleep period. Step 910 is generally the same as or similar to step 620 of method 600. Step 920 includes presenting the first drag waveform to the user at a first time during the sleep period based on the first drag waveform. Step 920 is generally the same as or similar to step 630 of method 600. Step 930 of method 900 includes generating a second drag waveform. Step 940 includes presenting a second drag stimulus to the user at a second time during a sleep period following the first time based on the second drag waveform.

[0181] In some embodiments of method 900, the second drag waveform generated at step 930 differs from the first drag waveform generated at step 910 and is more applicable to a later time within the sleep period, and therefore can depend on the time within the sleep period and / or the time elapsed since the start of the sleep period with breathing drag. For example, the first drag waveform may represent a breathing rate, while the second drag waveform represents a slightly slower breathing rate, thus enabling the first and second drag stimuli to help reduce the user's breathing rate in multiple smaller steps rather than a single larger step. In another example, the first drag stimulus may include visual stimulation (and optionally one or more other drag stimuli, such as audio stimulation), while the second drag stimulus may exclude visual stimulation or may gradually interrupt visual stimulation, as the user is expected to close their eyes when attempting or beginning to fall asleep. Therefore, the second drag stimulus may include audio stimulation (and optionally one or more other drag stimuli, such as tactile stimulation). Biometric data can be used to determine the user's sleep state (and / or sleep stage), which can be used to determine appropriate drag waveforms and drag stimuli based on the user's sleep state / stage. Similarly, biometric data can be used to monitor changes in physiological parameters that indicate a user is approaching a sleep state / stage and feeling drowsy. Such physiological parameters include a decrease in respiratory rate, heart rate, body movement, or any combination thereof.

[0182] In other embodiments of method 900, the second drag stimulus is a drag stimulus of a different type from the first drag stimulus and is more suitable for a later time within the sleep period compared to the first drag stimulus presented earlier during the sleep period. For example, the first drag stimulus could be a visual stimulus suitable for the beginning of the sleep period, and the second drag stimulus could be an audio stimulus suitable for a later time during the sleep period when the user begins to fall asleep. In some examples of these embodiments, the second drag waveform is different from the first drag waveform. For example, it can be determined that a slightly different drag waveform is more suitable for the type of drag stimulus used for the second drag stimulus compared to the type of drag stimulus used for the first drag stimulus. However, in other examples of these embodiments, the second drag stimulus is based on the same drag waveform as the first drag stimulus. Therefore, in these examples, instead of generating another drag waveform, the second drag stimulus is based on the first drag waveform.

[0183] In some implementations, the generation of a second drag waveform and / or the presentation of a second drag stimulus can occur if it is determined that the user has awakened at some point during the sleep period. For example, after presenting a first drag stimulus, if data indicates that the user has fallen asleep, the presentation of the first drag stimulus can be terminated. Then, if data later indicates that the user has awakened, a second drag waveform can be generated and / or a second drag stimulus can be presented. In some implementations, the second drag stimulus consists only of modulating the air flowing from the respiratory therapy device to the user interface (and / or any other airflow-based stimulation as described herein), which will help the user fall back asleep without having to look at their smartphone and / or turn on a light to receive the drag stimulus.

[0184] Figure 10 This is a flowchart of method 1000, which is used to present a dragging procedure during a sleep period, wherein the dragging stimulus presented to the user, in lieu of or in addition to air pressure, varies at least in part based on the time within the sleep period. Generally, a control system (such as control system 200 of system 10) having one or more processors is configured to execute the steps of method 1000. A memory device (such as memory device 204 of system 10) may be used to store machine-readable instructions executed by the control system to perform the steps of method 1000. The memory device may also store any type of data utilized in the steps of method 1000. Generally, method 1000 can be implemented using a system including a respiratory therapy system, a control system, and a memory device (such as system 10).

[0185] Step 1010 of method 1000 includes receiving drag coherence data associated with one or more drag stimuli presented to the user during a prior adaptation training period. As discussed herein, the drag coherence data may include one or more drag coherence scores, wherein each drag coherence score indicates the coherence between the user's breathing during the adaptation training period and the drag stimuli presented to the user. For each corresponding drag coherence score, the drag coherence data may include any suitable information, such as the drag waveform of the drag stimulus to which the drag coherence score is applied, the type of drag stimulus to which the drag coherence score is applied (e.g., audio stimulus, visual stimulus, etc.), the air pressure provided when determining the corresponding drag coherence score (e.g., the air pressure when generating the corresponding drag waveform and / or when presenting the corresponding drag stimulus), or any combination thereof.

[0186] Step 1020 includes generating a drag waveform based at least in part on drag coherence data, and step 1030 includes presenting a drag stimulus based at least in part on the drag waveform, drag coherence data, or both. For example, a specific drag waveform and / or a specific type of drag stimulus may be used if the drag coherence data indicates a specific target respiratory rate (final or intermediate) and / or a specific type of drag stimulus may be useful in improving the user's experience during sleep periods (e.g., by reducing the user's sleep onset latency).

[0187] In any of the embodiments described herein, where a dragging stimulus is presented to the user during a sleep period to help gradually reduce the user's respiratory rate (during an adaptation training period or a sleep period), a dragging coherence score can be used to determine when to update the dragging waveform to represent a lower target respiratory rate (e.g., from a higher intermediate target respiratory rate to a lower intermediate target respiratory rate, or from a lowest intermediate target respiratory rate to a final target respiratory rate). For example, if the dragging coherence score, which measures the coherence between the user's current respiratory rate and the current target respiratory rate, reaches a threshold or remains at the threshold for at least a threshold amount of time, the dragging waveform can be updated to represent a lower target respiratory rate. The dragging coherence score can then be determined again between the user's current respiratory rate and the lower target respiratory rate. This process can continue until any desired stopping point is reached, such as the user's respiratory rate reaching the final target respiratory rate, the user's respiratory rate no longer decreasing to a rate higher than the final target respiratory rate, or the user falling asleep.

[0188] As discussed herein, additionally or alternatively, the drag coherence score can be based on the user's stress level. One or more physiological parameters representing the stress experienced by the user (e.g., skin conductance response, heart rate variability, heart rate, blood pressure, EEG parameters, etc.) can be measured and used to determine the drag coherence score. If the drag coherence score indicates that the user's stress has decreased to an acceptable level, the drag waveform can be updated to represent a lower target respiratory rate.

[0189] In any of the embodiments described herein, where a new (or second) drag stimulus is presented to the user (e.g., after a change in air pressure, after a period of time during an adaptation training / sleep period, or after a drag coherence score indicates the need for a new drag stimulus), the new drag stimulus can be the same type of drag stimulus with a new drag waveform (e.g., still an audio stimulus, still a visual stimulus, etc.), or it can be a new type of drag stimulus with the same drag waveform or a new type of drag stimulus with a new drag waveform. New stimuli can be presented to the user by adding different types of additional drag stimuli. For example, an audio drag stimulus can be presented to the user in a new way while continuing to present existing visual drag stimuli, wherein the new audio drag stimulus has the same drag waveform as the existing visual drag stimulus or a different drag waveform.

[0190] Now for reference Figure 11 and Figure 12 System 10 can present the drag-and-drop procedure to a user who is using the breathing therapy system 100 and participating in a sleep period, while utilizing information obtained from the drag-and-drop procedure presented to the user during the adaptation training period.

[0191] Figure 11 This is a flowchart of method 1100 for presenting a dragging procedure, which combines aspects of methods 500, 600, 900, and 1000. Steps 1110, 1120, 1130, and 1140 are substantially the same as steps 510, 520, 530, and 540 of method 500. Step 1110 includes receiving data associated with the user during an adaptive training period (referred to as first data), step 1120 includes extracting respiratory information from sensor data, step 1130 includes generating a first dragging waveform, and step 1140 includes presenting a first dragging stimulus at least in part based on the first dragging waveform.

[0192] Step 1150 of method 1100 includes generating a drag coherence score indicating the coherence between the first respiratory information and the first drag waveform. The generation of the drag coherence score is substantially the same as or similar to the generation of the drag coherence score described herein with respect to method 500. Step 1160 of method 1100 includes receiving second data associated with the user while the user is participating in a sleep period, and is substantially the same as or similar to step 610 of method 600. Step 1170 of method 1100 includes generating a second drag waveform based at least in part on the drag coherence score, and step 1180 includes presenting a second drag stimulus based at least in part on the second drag waveform.

[0193] Method 1100 thus allows certain characteristics or traits of the user and their responses to drag stimuli to be learned during the adaptation training period, which can then be used to generate drag waveforms during the actual sleep period. For example, if a drag coherence score indicates low coherence between the user's breathing pattern during the adaptation training period and a given target breathing pattern (e.g., a first drag waveform), a different target breathing pattern (and accompanying drag waveform) can be used during the sleep period. This can be useful if the first drag waveform represents a predetermined initial target breathing pattern that tends to be useful to a general user group. Once it is known in step 1150 that the user, for example, has difficulty achieving the target breathing pattern, a different target breathing pattern and drag waveform can be used during the actual sleep period. The drag coherence score can typically include any information learned during the adaptation training period that can be applied during a later sleep period.

[0194] In some implementations, step 1170 includes generating a temporary drag waveform and then modifying the temporary drag waveform, at least in part, based on a drag coherence score, to generate a second drag waveform. In some cases, the temporary drag waveform may represent an initial target breathing pattern (e.g., a predetermined target breathing pattern typically applicable to many users). Updating the temporary drag waveform may then include determining a user's subsequent target breathing pattern, at least in part, based on the initial target breathing pattern and the drag coherence score, and then updating the temporary drag waveform such that the second drag waveform represents the subsequent target breathing pattern. The determination of the subsequent target breathing pattern may be based solely on the drag coherence score, but additionally or alternatively on second data. For example, if the drag coherence score indicates poor coherence at a certain air pressure, the second data may be analyzed to determine the current air pressure and the subsequent target breathing pattern at that current air pressure. The subsequent target breathing pattern may be a final target breathing pattern for a sleep period or may be an intermediate target breathing pattern.

[0195] In some implementations, the dragging stimulus presented to the user during the adaptation training period differs from the dragging stimulus presented during the sleep period. For example, because the user is awake during the adaptation training period, the first dragging stimulus may include visual stimulation. However, visual stimulation may not be appropriate during the sleep period, as the user is trying to fall asleep. Therefore, audio stimulation, tactile stimulation, airflow modulation, or any combination thereof may be used for the second dragging stimulus. However, in other implementations, both the first and second dragging stimuli are the same type of stimulus, or include the same type of stimulus.

[0196] In some cases, generating a second drag waveform may not be based solely on drag coherence scores from adaptive training sessions. For example, in some cases, historical adaptive training information associated with multiple prior adaptive training sessions can be obtained. This historical adaptive training information may include historical breathing information for each of these prior adaptive training sessions, as well as historical drag coherence scores for each of these prior adaptive training sessions. Such longitudinal data can be used to determine a more suitable second drag waveform based on a richer dataset of historical breathing information and historical drag coherence scores.

[0197] In some implementations, the drag coherence score determined at step 1150 includes generating multiple drag coherence sub-scores, each associated with a different pressure of air flowing from the respiratory therapy device to the user interface during an adaptation training period. Step 1160 may then first include determining the current air pressure during the sleep period, at least in part, based on second data, and then generating a second drag waveform based on the current air pressure and the drag coherence sub-scores associated with that current pressure. For example, if the drag coherence sub-score associated with the current pressure is low, the generated second drag waveform may represent a higher target respiratory rate than if the drag coherence sub-score were higher, making it easier for the user to match their breathing pattern to the second drag stimulation.

[0198] In some implementations, once the second drag waveform is generated and the second drag stimulus is presented to the user, second respiratory information is generated from the second data. An additional drag coherence score, indicative of the coherence between the second respiratory information (e.g., the user's breathing pattern during sleep) and the second drag waveform, can then be determined. If the additional drag coherence score meets a threshold (e.g., meets the threshold once or for at least a threshold duration), a notification can be generated and / or sent to the user and / or the user's caregiver or other third party. This notification may indicate that the respiratory therapy system needs adjustment.

[0199] Figure 12This is a flowchart of another method 1200 for presenting a dragging procedure, combining aspects of methods 500, 600, 900, and 1000. Step 1210 includes looping through (i) multiple different air pressures provided to the user interface during an adaptive training period, and (ii) multiple different dragging waveforms for each pressure. Step 1220 includes determining a dragging coherence score for different combinations of one of the multiple pressures and one of the multiple dragging waveforms. Step 1230 includes receiving data during a sleep period and determining the current pressure of the air flowing to the user interface based on a second set of data. Step 1240 includes generating a dragging waveform based on the current air pressure and multiple dragging coherence scores associated with the current pressure. Typically, the generated dragging waveform is the dragging waveform with the highest dragging coherence score among the multiple dragging waveforms at the current pressure. Step 1250 includes presenting a dragging stimulus to the user based on the dragging waveform.

[0200] In some implementations, system 10 can present the dragging procedure without using the respiratory therapy device 110. For example, system 10 can present the dragging procedure to a user who is not currently receiving respiratory therapy, demonstrating how the dragging stimulation would normally be presented to the user if the user is receiving respiratory therapy from the respiratory therapy device 110 while being dragged. This type of adaptive training allows the user to become familiar with the dragging procedure, allows the user to preset various parameters associated with the dragging procedure, and allows the dragging system to collect important information from the user (e.g., how the user responds to different dragging stimuli, the user's susceptibility to dragging, etc.), all without the user using the respiratory therapy device 110. Such information may include or be based on changes in breathing patterns induced by the dragging procedure and dragging stimulation, including a decrease in respiratory rate, inspiratory / expiratory ratio, etc. The adaptive training period can also provide the user with information about the respiratory therapy and the respiratory therapy system itself, which can be particularly helpful if the user has never used the respiratory therapy system before. For example, users can be presented with various tutorials related to the operation of the respiratory therapy system, such as how to put on the user interface, how to connect the user interface to the catheter, how to connect the catheter to the respiratory therapy device, how to operate the respiratory therapy device, and how to fill the humidifier.

[0201] As will be understood, this type of adaptive training can be performed when the user is not engaged in sleep periods (e.g., when the user is not lying in bed trying to fall asleep), although this is not always necessary. The period during which the user performs this type of adaptive training may be referred to as a "device-free adaptive training period," where "device" refers to a respiratory therapy device (e.g., a CPAP device). Such periods can be particularly useful for new users just beginning to explore respiratory therapy, or even for users who have not yet received their own respiratory therapy device. Furthermore, in some implementations, a single adaptive training period may include a period during which the user is not wearing the user interface, and a period during which the user is wearing the user interface while air is flowing from the respiratory therapy device to the user interface. Thus, a single adaptive training period may include: at least one portion where the user is not wearing the user interface and is receiving drag stimulation and / or other types of information; and at least one portion where the user is wearing the user interface and receiving therapy from the respiratory therapy device while receiving drag stimulation.

[0202] During the device adaptation training period, while the user is awake and not wearing the user interface, a first drag stimulus may be presented to the user, followed by a second drag stimulus. In some implementations, the two drag stimuli can be of different types. For example, one drag stimulus may be a visual stimulus and the other an audio stimulus; one drag stimulus may be a visual stimulus and the other a tactile stimulus; one drag stimulus may be an audio stimulus and the other a tactile stimulus, and so on. In other implementations, the two drag stimuli are based on drag waveforms representing two different target breathing patterns. In these implementations, the two drag stimuli can be of the same type or different types.

[0203] In some implementations, machine learning models can be used in conjunction with and / or employed to perform various aspects of any of the methods disclosed herein. For example, data and / or breathing information can be fed into a machine learning model trained to output a drag waveform based at least on these inputs. In another example, the machine learning model can be trained to generate a drag coherence score in response to receiving a drag waveform and the user's corresponding breathing information. In some implementations, a large language model can be used and can be fine-tuned with domain-specific parameters or used with retrieval-enhanced generation. The machine learning model can be trained based on a database of historical sleep onset and / or sleep maintenance data, which may include breathing patterns, sleep onset data, and other types of data. For example, training data can be generated where each set of training data includes: (i) the user's breathing pattern, and (ii) an indication of whether a low sleep onset latency has been achieved. The machine learning model can be trained based on this data to learn which specific types of breathing patterns are best for achieving a short sleep onset latency for the user. In some cases, machine learning models are also trained based on the type of dragging stimuli used (e.g., audio and visual, tactile and airflow modulation) and user demographics (e.g., age, gender, health status, BMI, etc.), enabling the machine learning models to provide users with more personalized dragging programs.

[0204] Figure 13A This is a front view of a user device 260 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, depicting a first view of a graphical user interface (GUI) 1300 for dragging. The GUI 1300 may include various elements, such as explanatory text 1302 and dragging visual elements 1304A. The dragging visual elements 1304A can be animated to visually indicate how the user is currently breathing and / or how the user should breathe to achieve dragging, as discussed in further detail herein.

[0205] exist Figure 13A In the example depicted, the dragging visual element 1304A is depicted as a set of concentric circles, the diameter of which increases and decreases to indicate inhalation and exhalation, respectively. The outer circle 1306A may have the largest diameter, the inner circle 1310A may have the smallest diameter, and the middle circle 1308A may have an intermediate diameter falling between the largest diameter of the outer circle 1306A and the smallest diameter of the inner circle 1310A.

[0206] In some cases, visual elements other than size can be used to visually represent inhalation and exhalation, such as color, transparency, and movement other than size increase or decrease.

[0207] Figure 13BThis is based on some embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 13A The front view of the user device 260 depicts a second view of the graphical user interface for dragging. In this second view, the size of the dragging visual element 1304B can be larger than... Figure 13A The drag visual element 1304A is slightly larger in size, thus depicting the suck-in animation from the first view to the second view.

[0208] The outer circle 1306B, the middle circle 1308B, and the inner circle 1310B each have their own ratios. Figure 13A The outer circle 1306A, the middle circle 1308A, and the inner circle 1310A have the largest diameters.

[0209] In some cases, the relative visible surface area of ​​any of the outer circle 1306B, the middle circle 1308B, and the inner circle 1310B can be controlled to provide the user with additional visual cues. For example, in this second view, the relative visible surface area of ​​the outer circle 1306B and the middle circle 1308B can be respectively compared to... Figure 13A The outer circle 1306A and the middle circle 1308A have relatively smaller visible surface areas. Such visual cues can indicate a given point within a user's breathing cycle or desired breathing cycle, or they can indicate the rate of inhalation / exhalation. For example, the dragging visual element 1304B in the second view can indicate a midpoint in a desired breathing cycle, which could be a point where the user inhales or exhales relatively quickly. In contrast, at maximum inhalation or maximum exhalation, the visual cue can be used to indicate a point in the breathing cycle where the user inhales or exhales relatively slowly.

[0210] Figure 13C This is based on some embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 13A The front view of the user device 260 depicts a third view of the graphical user interface for dragging. In this third view, the size of the dragging visual element 1304C can be larger than... Figure 13B The drag visual element 1304B is slightly larger, thus depicting an additional suck-in animation from the second view to the third view.

[0211] The outer circle 1306C, the middle circle 1308C, and the inner circle 1310C each have their own ratios. Figure 13B The outer circle 1306B, the middle circle 1308B, and the inner circle 1310B have the largest diameters.

[0212] In some cases, the relative visible surface areas of any of the outer circle 1306C, the middle circle 1308C, and the inner circle 1310C can be controlled to provide the user with additional visual cues. For example, in this third view, the relative visible surface areas of the outer circle 1306C and the middle circle 1308C can be respectively compared to... Figure 13BThe outer circle 1306B and the middle circle 1308B have relatively larger visible surface areas. Such visual cues can indicate that the depicted respiratory cycle is approaching maximum inhalation.

[0213] Figure 13D This is based on some embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 13A The front view of user device 260 depicts a fourth view of the graphical user interface for dragging. In this fourth view, the size of the dragging visual element 1304D can be larger than... Figure 13C The drag-along visual element 1304C is small in size, thus depicting the exhalation animation from the third view to the fourth view.

[0214] The outer circle 1306D, the middle circle 1308D, and the inner circle 1310D each have their own ratios. Figure 13C The outer circle 1306C, the middle circle 1308C, and the inner circle 1310C have smaller diameters.

[0215] In the example use case, the GUI can move between a second view and a third view (e.g., maximum inhalation) and a fourth view (e.g., maximum exhalation).

[0216] Figure 14A This is a front view of a user device 260 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, depicting a first view of a graphical user interface for dragging using an alternative drag-and-drop visual element 1404A. The user device 260 may be showing a graphical user interface similar to GUI 1300, but with a different style in which its drag-and-drop visual element 1404A is animated. More specifically, Figure 14A The animation style of the dragging visual element 1404A is to make the various parts of the dragging visual element 1404A appear and disappear to represent inhalation and exhalation.

[0217] Dragging visual element 1404A can display an outer circle 1406A, a middle circle 1408A, and an inner circle 1410A, each with a smaller diameter than the previous circle. For example... Figure 14A In the first view depicted in the figure, each of the outer circle 1406A, the middle circle 1408A, and the inner circle 1410A is visible. Making all three circles visible indicates the time of maximum inhalation.

[0218] Figure 14B This is based on some embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 13A The front view of the user device depicts a second view of the graphical user interface for dragging using the alternative dragging visual element 1404B.

[0219] The dragging visual element 1404B can show the intermediate circle 1408B and the inner circle 1410B. However, the outer circle 1406B is weakened, such as by reducing its transparency or by simply not showing it. Weakening the outer circle 1406B (e.g., hiding it) can represent the time between maximal inhalation and maximal exhalation.

[0220] Figure 14C This is based on some embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 13A The front view of the user device depicts a third view of the graphical user interface used for dragging using the alternative dragging visual element 1304C.

[0221] Dragging visual element 1404C can reveal the inner circle 1410C. However, both the outer circle 1406C and the middle circle 1408C are weakened, such as by reducing their transparency or by simply not displaying them. Weakening the outer circle 1406C and the middle circle 1408C (e.g., hiding them) can represent a maximum exhalation.

[0222] In the example use case, the GUI can move between a second view and a first view (e.g., maximum inhalation) and a third view (e.g., maximum exhalation). When moving from the first view to the second view and from the second view to the third view, a weakened circle can gradually fade out or otherwise become weaker, representing the exhalation process. When moving from the third view to the second view and from the second view to the first view, a circle that is no longer weakened can be gradually re-emphasized, such as by gradually fading in or otherwise becoming re-emphasized. The rate of inhalation or exhalation can be visually indicated by varying the rate at which the circle becomes weaker or re-emphasized.

[0223] In some cases, a combination of animations (such as references) can be used. Figures 13A to 14C The combinations of animations discussed (e.g., animate the diameter of concentric circles while also animateing the visibility of at least some of those circles) are used to animate drag-and-drop visual elements.

[0224] Figures 13A to 13D as well as Figures 14A to 14C The diagrams depict how visual elements can appear when dragged at different points in a breathing cycle. While the examples in these diagrams illustrate a specific breathing orientation of the animation (e.g., an increasing diameter or the appearance of a larger diameter circle equates to inhalation), the opposite or other breathing orientations can be used (e.g., an increasing diameter or the appearance of a larger diameter circle equates to exhalation). Additionally, while circles are depicted in these examples, in some cases, other shapes, images, or visual elements can be used. For example, replacing... Figures 13A to 13D The enlargement and reduction of concentric circles can be achieved using a set of overlapping curves or images that are enlarged and reduced. Similarly, instead of Figures 14A to 14C The weakening and re-emphasis of concentric circles allows for the gradual weakening and re-emphasis of different parts of an image (e.g., the top 1 / 3 and middle 1 / 3 of a schematic diagram of a pair of lungs).

[0225] Generally, any of the methods disclosed herein can be implemented using a system having: a control system having one or more processors; and a memory device storing machine-readable instructions. The control system may be coupled to the memory device, and the method may be implemented when the machine-readable instructions are executed by at least one processor of the control system. The method can also be implemented using a computer program product (such as a non-transitory computer-readable medium) including instructions that, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform the steps of the method.

[0226] One or more elements, aspects or steps or any part thereof from any one or more of the following claims and / or alternative embodiments may be combined with one or more elements, aspects or steps or any part thereof or combinations thereof from any one or more of the other claims and / or alternative embodiments to form one or more additional embodiments and / or claims of this disclosure.

[0227] Alternative implementation methods

[0228] Alternative Implementation 1. A method comprising: receiving first data associated with a user participating in an adaptation training period for using a respiratory therapy system; extracting first respiratory information from the first data; presenting the user with a first dragging procedure during the adaptation training period, the presentation of the first dragging procedure including generating at least a first dragging waveform and presenting at least a first dragging stimulus at least in part based on the first dragging waveform; generating at least one dragging coherence score, the at least one dragging coherence score indicating coherence between the first respiratory information and the first dragging waveform; receiving second data associated with a user participating in a current sleep period; and presenting the user with a second dragging procedure during the current sleep period, the second dragging procedure being at least in part based on the second data, the at least one dragging coherence score, or both.

[0229] Alternative Implementation 2. The method according to Alternative Implementation 1, wherein the first drag waveform is predetermined and is not based on the first data or the first breathing information.

[0230] Alternative Implementation 3. The method according to Alternative Implementation 1, wherein the first drag waveform is at least partially based on the first data, the first breathing information, or both.

[0231] Alternative Implementation Method 4. According to the method of Alternative Implementation Method 3, generating the first drag waveform includes:

[0232] Generate a predetermined drag waveform; and

[0233] The predetermined drag waveform is modified based on the first data, the first respiratory information, or both.

[0234] Alternative Embodiment 5. The method according to any one of Alternative Embodiments 1 to 4, wherein the first breathing information includes the user's current breathing pattern, and wherein the first drag waveform represents a target breathing pattern.

[0235] Alternative Implementation 6. The method according to Alternative Implementation 5, wherein the target breathing pattern includes a target inspiratory / expiratory ratio.

[0236] Alternative Implementation 7. According to the method of Alternative Implementation 5, the target breathing pattern includes a target inspiratory duration, a target inspiratory hold duration, a target expiratory duration, and a target expiratory hold duration.

[0237] Alternative Embodiment 8. The method according to any one of Alternative Embodiments 5 to 7, wherein presenting the first drag program includes displaying on a display device: (i) a current waveform representing the user's current breathing pattern, and (ii) the first drag waveform representing the target breathing pattern.

[0238] Alternative embodiment 9. According to the method of alternative embodiment 8, wherein, on the display device, the first drag waveform is superimposed on the current waveform.

[0239] Alternative Embodiment 10. The method according to any one of Alternative Embodiments 1 to 9, wherein the first respiratory information includes the user's current respiratory rate, and wherein the first drag waveform represents a target respiratory rate.

[0240] Alternative Implementation 11. The method according to Alternative Implementation 10, the method further comprising: updating the first drag waveform to represent an updated target respiratory rate different from the target respiratory rate; and presenting the first drag stimulus at least in part based on the updated first drag waveform.

[0241] Alternative Implementation 12. The method according to Alternative Implementation 11, wherein the first drag waveform is updated in response to the drag coherence score satisfying a threshold.

[0242] Alternative Implementation 13. The method according to Alternative Implementation 12, wherein the first drag waveform is updated in response to the drag coherence score satisfying the threshold for at least a predetermined amount of time.

[0243] Alternative Embodiment 14. The method according to any one of Alternative Embodiments 10 to 13, wherein the target respiratory rate is less than the current respiratory rate.

[0244] Alternative Embodiment 15. The method according to any one of Alternative Embodiments 1 to 14, wherein presenting the first dragging stimulus comprises: (i) generating an audio stimulus; (ii) modulating an existing audio stimulus; (iii) generating a visual stimulus; (iv) modulating an existing visual stimulus; (v) generating a tactile stimulus; (vi) modulating an existing tactile stimulus; (vii) modulating an airflow generated by the respiratory therapy system; or (viii) and any combination of (i) to (vii).

[0245] Alternative Embodiment 16. The method according to any one of Alternative Embodiments 1 to 15, wherein generating the first drag waveform includes inputting the first data, the first breathing information, or both into a machine learning algorithm, the machine learning algorithm being trained to output the first drag waveform.

[0246] Alternative Embodiment 17. The method according to any one of Alternative Embodiments 1 to 16, wherein the second towing procedure is based at least in part on both the second data and the towing coherence score.

[0247] Alternative Embodiment 18. The method according to any one of Alternative Embodiments 1 to 17, wherein presenting the second dragging procedure to the user during the current sleep period includes: generating a second dragging waveform; and presenting a second dragging stimulus at least in part based on the second dragging waveform.

[0248] Alternative Implementation 19. The method according to Alternative Implementation 18, wherein the second dragging stimulus is different from the first dragging stimulus.

[0249] Alternative Embodiment 20. The method according to Alternative Embodiment 18 or 19, wherein the first dragging stimulation comprises visual stimulation, and wherein the second dragging stimulation comprises audio stimulation, tactile stimulation, modulation of airflow generated by the respiratory therapy system, or any combination thereof.

[0250] Alternative Implementation 21. The method according to Alternative Implementation 18, wherein the second dragging stimulus is the same as the first dragging stimulus.

[0251] Alternative Embodiment 22. The method according to Alternative Embodiment 18 or 21, wherein both the first drag stimulation and the second drag stimulation include audio stimulation, visual stimulation, tactile stimulation, modulation of airflow generated by the respiratory therapy system, or any combination thereof.

[0252] Alternative Embodiment 23. The method according to any one of Alternative Embodiments 18 to 22, wherein presenting the second dragging stimulus comprises: (i) generating an audio stimulus; (ii) modulating an existing audio stimulus; (iii) generating a visual stimulus; (iv) modulating an existing visual stimulus; (v) generating a tactile stimulus; (vi) modulating an existing tactile stimulus; (vii) modulating an airflow generated by the respiratory therapy system; or (viii) and any combination of (i) to (vii).

[0253] Alternative embodiment 24. The method according to alternative embodiment 23, wherein regulating the airflow includes regulating the air pressure.

[0254] Alternative embodiment 25. The method according to alternative embodiment 24, wherein adjusting the airflow includes adjusting the pressure of the air according to a target breathing pattern.

[0255] Alternative Embodiment 26. The method according to any one of Alternative Embodiments 17 to 23, wherein presenting the second dragging procedure includes: generating a temporary dragging waveform; and updating the temporary dragging waveform at least in part based on the coherence score to generate the second dragging waveform.

[0256] Alternative Implementation 27. The method according to Alternative Implementation 26, wherein the temporary drag waveform is further updated based on the second data.

[0257] Alternative Implementation 28. The method according to Alternative Implementation 26 or 27, wherein the temporary drag waveform represents an initial target breathing pattern, and wherein updating the temporary drag waveform comprises: determining an updated target breathing pattern based at least in part on the initial target breathing pattern and the coherence score; and updating the temporary drag waveform such that the second drag waveform represents the updated target breathing pattern.

[0258] Alternative Implementation 29. The method according to Alternative Implementation 27, wherein the updated target breathing pattern is further determined based on the second data.

[0259] Alternative Embodiment 30. The method according to any one of Alternative Embodiments 18 to 23, wherein generating the second drag waveform includes inputting the second data, the coherence score, or both into a machine learning algorithm trained to output the second drag waveform.

[0260] Alternative Implementation 31. The method according to any one of Alternative Implementations 18 to 30, the method further includes accessing historical adaptive training information associated with one or more prior adaptive training periods, the historical adaptive training information including historical breathing information and historical drag coherence scores for each period in the one or more prior adaptive training periods, wherein the second drag waveform is generated based at least in part on the historical adaptive training information.

[0261] Alternative Embodiment 32. The method according to any one of Alternative Embodiments 1 to 31, wherein the respiratory therapy system includes a user interface configured to be fluidly coupled to a respiratory therapy device via a conduit, the respiratory therapy device being operable to allow air to flow through the conduit and to the user interface.

[0262] Alternative Implementation 33. The method according to Alternative Implementation 32, wherein the adaptive training period occurs when the user is awake and wearing the user interface.

[0263] Alternative Embodiment 34. The method according to Alternative Embodiment 33, wherein the adaptive training period occurs when the user interface is fluidly coupled to the respiratory therapy device via the conduit.

[0264] Alternative Embodiment 35. The method according to Alternative Embodiment 34, wherein the adaptive training period occurs while the respiratory therapy device is allowing air to flow through the conduit and to the user interface.

[0265] Alternative Embodiment 36. The method according to Alternative Embodiment 34, wherein the adaptive training period occurs when the respiratory therapy device is not allowing air to flow through the conduit and to the user interface.

[0266] Alternative Embodiment 37. The method according to Alternative Embodiment 33, wherein the adaptive training period occurs when the user interface is not fluidly coupled to the respiratory therapy device via the conduit.

[0267] Alternative Embodiment 38. The method according to any one of Alternative Embodiments 33 to 37, wherein the adaptive training period occurs when one or more valves of the user interface are opened to ambient air.

[0268] Alternative Implementation 39. The method according to Alternative Implementation 32, wherein the adaptive training period occurs when the user is not wearing the user interface of the respiratory therapy system.

[0269] Alternative Embodiment 40. The method according to any one of Alternative Embodiments 1 to 39, the method further comprising presenting adaptive training sounds during the adaptive training period to simulate the use of the breathing therapy system by the user.

[0270] Alternative Implementation 41. The method according to Alternative Implementation 40, wherein presenting the first dragging stimulus includes adjusting the adaptive training sound at least in part based on the first dragging waveform.

[0271] Alternative Embodiment 42. The method according to any one of Alternative Embodiments 1 to 41, wherein the drag coherence score includes a plurality of drag coherence sub-scores, and wherein each of the plurality of drag coherence sub-scores indicates drag coherence at a corresponding time during the adaptive training period.

[0272] Alternative Embodiment 43. The method according to Alternative Embodiment 42, wherein the adaptive training period occurs while the respiratory therapy device of the respiratory therapy system is flowing air to a user interface worn by the user, and wherein each of the plurality of sub-scores corresponds to a corresponding pressure of the air flowing to the user interface.

[0273] Alternative Implementation 44. The method according to Alternative Implementation 42, wherein presenting the second dragging procedure to the user during the current sleep period includes: determining, at least in part, the current pressure of the air supplied to the user via a respiratory therapy system during the current sleep period based on the second data; generating a second dragging waveform based on (i) the current pressure of the air and (ii) one of a plurality of dragging coherence sub-scores associated with the current pressure; and presenting a second dragging stimulus based on the second dragging waveform.

[0274] Alternative Embodiment 45. The method according to any one of Alternative Embodiments 1 to 43, the method further comprising: extracting second respiratory information from the second data, wherein presenting the second dragging procedure includes generating a second dragging waveform; determining an additional dragging coherence score indicating coherence between the second respiratory information and the second dragging waveform; and, in response to determining that the additional dragging coherence score meets a threshold, sending a notification signal indicating that the respiratory therapy system needs to be adjusted.

[0275] Alternative Embodiment 46. The method according to any one of Alternative Embodiments 1 to 45, the method further comprising using a display device to present the drag coherence score.

[0276] Alternative Implementation 47. The method according to Alternative Implementation 46, wherein the presentation of the drag coherence score occurs during the adaptive training period.

[0277] Alternative Implementation 48. The method according to Alternative Implementation 46 or 47, wherein presenting the drag coherence score includes: generating a first trajectory based at least in part on the first respiratory information; generating a second trajectory based at least in part on the first drag waveform; presenting the first trajectory; and presenting the second trajectory as adjacent to or covering the first trajectory.

[0278] Alternative Implementation 49. The method according to any one of Alternative Implementations 46 to 48, wherein the presentation of the drag coherence score occurs when the drag coherence score satisfies a threshold.

[0279] Alternative Embodiment 50. The method according to any one of Alternative Embodiments 1 to 49, wherein the first data, the second data, or both comprise: pressure data associated with the pressure of air flowing from the respiratory therapy device of the respiratory therapy system to the user interface worn by the user, flow data associated with the flow rate of the air, motion data associated with the movement of the user, image data reproducible as one or more images of the user, PPG data, ECG data, EEG data, or any combination thereof.

[0280] Alternative Embodiment 51. The method according to any one of Alternative Embodiments 1 to 50, wherein presenting the first dragging procedure and generating the dragging coherence score comprises: during the adaptation training period in which the user is awake and wearing the user interface, allowing air to flow from the respiratory therapy device to the user interface at multiple different pressure values; presenting the user with multiple dragging stimuli for each of the multiple pressure values, each of the multiple dragging stimuli being based on one of a multiple dragging waveforms; and determining a dragging coherence score indicating the coherence between the user's breathing pattern and the one dragging waveform for each different combination of the multiple pressure values ​​and the multiple dragging waveforms.

[0281] Alternative Implementation 52. The method according to Alternative Implementation 51, wherein presenting the second dragging procedure includes: determining an air pressure value during a current sleep period in which the user is wearing the user interface and air is flowing from the respiratory therapy device to the user interface; generating a sleep-segment dragging waveform based on the air pressure value flowing during the sleep period and a dragging coherence score associated with a corresponding air pressure value flowing during the adaptation training period; and presenting a sleep-segment dragging stimulus to the user based on the sleep-segment dragging waveform.

[0282] Alternative Embodiment 53. According to the method of Alternative Embodiment 52, the sleep-period drag waveform is a drag waveform with the largest drag coherence score among all drag coherence scores of the plurality of drag waveforms having the corresponding pressure value of the air flowing during the adaptive training period.

[0283] Alternative Embodiment 54. The method according to any one of Alternative Embodiments 1 to 53, wherein presenting the first dragging procedure or the second dragging procedure to the user comprises: determining the current pressure of air flowing from the respiratory therapy device of the respiratory therapy system to a user interface worn by the user; generating a dragging waveform based at least in part on the current pressure of the air; and presenting a dragging stimulus to the user based at least in part on the dragging waveform.

[0284] Alternative Implementation 55. The method according to Alternative Implementation 54, wherein in response to the current pressure of the air becoming a new pressure, the method further includes: generating a new drag waveform based at least in part on the new pressure of the air; and presenting a new drag stimulus to the user based at least in part on the new drag waveform.

[0285] Alternative Implementation 56. According to the method of Alternative Implementation 54, wherein the generation of the drag waveform is also based at least in part on the drag coherence score determined by the user during the use of the respiratory therapy system during the adaptation training period.

[0286] Alternative Embodiment 57. The method according to any one of Alternative Embodiments 1 to 56, wherein presenting the first dragging procedure or the second dragging procedure comprises: allowing air having a first pressure to flow from a respiratory therapy device of the respiratory therapy system to a user interface worn by the user; generating an initial dragging waveform based at least in part on the first pressure of the air; presenting an initial dragging stimulus to the user based at least in part on the initial dragging waveform; subsequently allowing air having a second pressure different from the first pressure to flow from the respiratory therapy device to the user interface; and presenting a subsequent dragging stimulus different from the initial dragging stimulus to the user.

[0287] Alternative Implementation 58. The method according to Alternative Implementation 57, wherein the subsequent dragging stimulus is a stimulus of a different type from the initial dragging stimulus and is based on the initial dragging waveform.

[0288] Alternative Embodiment 59. The method according to Alternative Embodiment 57 further includes generating a subsequent towing waveform that is different from the initial towing waveform, at least in part based on the second pressure of the air, wherein the subsequent towing stimulus is based on the subsequent towing waveform.

[0289] Alternative Implementation 60. The method according to Alternative Implementation 59, wherein the subsequent dragging stimulus is a stimulus of a different type from the initial dragging stimulus, or a stimulus of the same type as the initial dragging stimulus.

[0290] Alternative Embodiment 61. The method according to any one of Alternative Embodiments 1 to 60, wherein presenting the second dragging procedure to the user during the sleep period comprises: generating an initial dragging waveform; presenting an initial dragging stimulus to the user at least in part based on the initial dragging waveform at a first time during the sleep period; and presenting a subsequent dragging stimulus different from the initial dragging stimulus to the user at a second time after the first time during the sleep period.

[0291] Alternative Implementation 62. The method according to Alternative Implementation 61, wherein the subsequent dragging stimulus is a stimulus of a different type from the initial dragging stimulus and is based on the initial dragging waveform.

[0292] Alternative Implementation 63. The method according to Alternative Implementation 61 further includes generating a subsequent drag waveform, wherein the subsequent drag stimulus is based on the subsequent drag waveform.

[0293] Alternative Implementation 64. The method according to Alternative Implementation 63, wherein the subsequent dragging stimulus is a stimulus of a different type from the initial dragging stimulus, or a stimulus of the same type as the initial dragging stimulus.

[0294] Alternative Implementation 65. A method according to any one of Alternative Implementations 1 to 64, wherein presenting the second dragging procedure to the user during the current sleep period comprises: determining a first current respiratory rate of the user; generating an initial dragging waveform representing a first target respiratory rate, the first target respiratory rate being less than the user's first current respiratory rate; presenting an initial dragging stimulus to the user based on the initial dragging waveform; determining a second current respiratory rate of the user after the initial dragging stimulus has been presented to the user; and in response to determining that the difference between the user's second current respiratory rate and the first target respiratory rate satisfies a threshold difference, (i) generating a first subsequent dragging waveform representing a second target respiratory rate, the second target respiratory rate being less than the first target respiratory rate, and (ii) presenting a first subsequent dragging stimulus to the user based on the first subsequent dragging waveform.

[0295] Alternative Implementation 66. The method according to Alternative Implementation 65, wherein the subsequent dragging stimulus is a stimulus of the same type as the initial dragging stimulus.

[0296] Alternative Implementation 67. The method according to Alternative Implementation 65, the method further comprising: determining a third current respiratory rate of the user after the subsequent drag stimulus has been presented to the user; and in response to determining that the difference between the user's third current respiratory rate and the second target respiratory rate satisfies the threshold difference, (i) generating a second subsequent drag waveform representing a third target respiratory rate, the third target respiratory rate being less than the second target respiratory rate, and (ii) presenting a second subsequent drag stimulus to the user based on the third drag waveform.

[0297] Alternative Implementation 68. The method according to Alternative Implementation 65 further includes determining the elapsed time since the start of the sleep period, and wherein, in response to the elapsed time being greater than or equal to a threshold time, the second subsequent dragging stimulus is a stimulus of a different type from the first subsequent dragging stimulus.

[0298] Alternative Implementation 69. The method according to Alternative Implementation 68, wherein in response to the elapsed time being less than the threshold time, the second subsequent dragging stimulus is a stimulus of the same type as the first subsequent dragging stimulus.

[0299] Alternative Implementation 70. The method according to Alternative Implementation 65, the method further comprising: determining a third current respiratory rate of the user after the first subsequent drag stimulus has been presented to the user; and continuing to present the first drag stimulus in response to determining that the difference between the user's third current respiratory rate and the second current respiratory rate satisfies the threshold difference.

[0300] Alternative Embodiment 71. The method according to any one of Alternative Embodiments 1 to 70, wherein the at least one drag coherence score comprises a plurality of drag coherence scores, each drag coherence score being associated with: a corresponding drag waveform generated during the adaptive training period, the type of drag stimulus presented to the user based on the corresponding drag waveform, the pressure of the air flowing in the respiratory therapy system when the corresponding drag waveform is generated, or any combination thereof.

[0301] Alternative Embodiment 72. The method according to any one of Alternative Embodiments 1 to 71, wherein presenting the first dragging procedure to the user during the adaptation training period comprises: presenting the first dragging stimulus to the user while the user is awake and not wearing a user interface to which air is supplied by the respiratory therapy device of the respiratory therapy system; and subsequently presenting a second dragging stimulus to the user while the user is awake and not wearing the user interface.

[0302] Alternative Implementation 73. The method according to Alternative Implementation 72, wherein the first dragging stimulus is different from the second dragging stimulus.

[0303] Alternative Implementation 74. The method according to Alternative Implementation 73, wherein the first dragging stimulus includes a visual stimulus and the second dragging stimulus includes an audio stimulus.

[0304] Alternative Embodiment 75. The method according to Alternative Embodiment 73, wherein the first dragging stimulus includes a visual stimulus and the second dragging stimulus includes a tactile stimulus.

[0305] Alternative Implementation 76. The method according to Alternative Implementation 73, wherein the first dragging stimulus includes an audio stimulus and the second dragging stimulus includes a tactile stimulus.

[0306] Alternative Implementation 77. The method according to Alternative Implementation 72, wherein the first drag stimulus is based on a first drag waveform representing a first target breathing pattern, and wherein the second drag stimulus is based on a second drag waveform representing a second target breathing pattern, which is different from the first target breathing pattern.

[0307] Alternative Implementation 78. The method according to Alternative Implementation 77, wherein both the first dragging stimulus and the second dragging stimulus include visual stimuli.

[0308] Alternative Implementation 79. The method according to Alternative Implementation 77, wherein both the first dragging stimulus and the second dragging stimulus comprise audio stimuli.

[0309] Alternative Implementation 80. The method according to Alternative Implementation 77, wherein both the first dragging stimulus and the second dragging stimulus include tactile stimulation.

[0310] Alternative Implementation 81. The method according to Alternative Implementation 77, wherein the first dragging stimulus includes a visual stimulus and the second dragging stimulus includes an audio stimulus.

[0311] Alternative Implementation 82. The method according to Alternative Implementation 77, wherein the first dragging stimulus includes a visual stimulus and the second dragging stimulus includes a tactile stimulus.

[0312] Alternative Implementation 83. The method according to Alternative Implementation 77, wherein the first dragging stimulus includes an audio stimulus and the second dragging stimulus includes a tactile stimulus.

[0313] Alternative Implementation 84. A method comprising: receiving first data associated with a user participating in an adaptation training period for using a respiratory therapy system; extracting first respiratory information from the first data; and presenting a first dragging procedure to the user during the adaptation training period, the presentation of the first dragging procedure comprising generating a first dragging waveform and presenting a first dragging stimulus at least in part based on the first dragging waveform.

[0314] Alternative Embodiment 85. The method according to Alternative Embodiment 84, wherein the first drag waveform is predetermined and is not based on the first data or the first breathing information.

[0315] Alternative Implementation 86. The method according to Alternative Implementation 84, wherein the first drag waveform is at least partially based on the first data, the first breathing information, or both.

[0316] Alternative Implementation 87. According to the method of Alternative Implementation 86, generating the first drag waveform includes:

[0317] Generate a predetermined drag waveform; and

[0318] The predetermined drag waveform is modified based on the first data, the first respiratory information, or both.

[0319] Alternative embodiment 88. The method according to any one of alternative embodiments 84 to 87, wherein the first breathing information includes the user's current breathing pattern, and wherein the first drag waveform represents a target breathing pattern.

[0320] Alternative Implementation 89. According to the method of Alternative Implementation 88, presenting the first drag program includes displaying on a display device: (i) a current waveform representing the user's current breathing pattern, and (ii) the first drag waveform representing the target breathing pattern.

[0321] Alternative embodiment 90. According to the method of alternative embodiment 89, wherein, on the display device, the first drag waveform is superimposed on the current waveform.

[0322] Alternative Embodiment 91. The method according to any one of Alternative Embodiments 84 to 90, wherein the first respiratory information includes the user's current respiratory rate, and wherein the first drag waveform represents a target respiratory rate.

[0323] Alternative Implementation 92. The method according to Alternative Implementation 91, the method further comprising: updating the first drag waveform to represent an updated target respiratory rate different from the target respiratory rate; and presenting the first drag stimulus at least in part based on the updated first drag waveform.

[0324] Alternative Implementation 93. The method according to Alternative Implementation 92, wherein the first drag waveform is updated in response to a drag coherence score that satisfies a threshold, the drag coherence score indicating the coherence between the user's current respiratory rate and the first drag waveform.

[0325] Alternative Implementation 94. The method according to Alternative Implementation 93, wherein the first drag waveform is updated in response to the drag coherence score satisfying the threshold for at least a predetermined amount of time.

[0326] Alternative embodiment 95. The method according to any one of alternative embodiments 91 to 94, wherein the target respiratory rate is less than the current respiratory rate.

[0327] Alternative Implementation 96. The method according to any one of Alternative Implementations 84 to 95, wherein presenting the first dragging stimulus comprises: (i) generating an audio stimulus; (ii) modulating an existing audio stimulus; (iii) generating a visual stimulus; (iv) modulating an existing visual stimulus; (v) generating a tactile stimulus; (vi) modulating an existing tactile stimulus; (vii) modulating an airflow generated by the respiratory therapy system; or (viii) and any combination of (i) to (vii).

[0328] Alternative Embodiment 97. The method according to any one of Alternative Embodiments 84 to 96, wherein generating the first drag waveform includes inputting the first data, the first breathing information, or both into a machine learning algorithm, the machine learning algorithm being trained to output the first drag waveform.

[0329] Alternative Embodiment 98. The method according to any one of Alternative Embodiments 84 to 97, wherein the respiratory therapy system includes a user interface configured to be fluidly coupled to a respiratory therapy device via a conduit, the respiratory therapy device being operable to allow air to flow through the conduit and to the user interface.

[0330] Alternative Implementation 99. The method according to Alternative Implementation 98, wherein the adaptive training period occurs when the user is awake and wearing the user interface.

[0331] Alternative Implementation 100. The method according to Alternative Implementation 99, wherein the adaptive training period occurs when the user interface is fluidly coupled to the respiratory therapy device via the conduit.

[0332] Alternative Embodiment 101. The method according to Alternative Embodiment 100, wherein the adaptive training period occurs while the respiratory therapy device is allowing air to flow through the conduit and to the user interface.

[0333] Alternative Embodiment 102. The method according to Alternative Embodiment 100, wherein the adaptive training period occurs when the respiratory therapy device is not allowing air to flow through the conduit and to the user interface.

[0334] Alternative Implementation 103. The method according to Alternative Implementation 99, wherein the adaptive training period occurs when the user interface is not fluidly coupled to the respiratory therapy device via the conduit.

[0335] Alternative embodiment 104. The method according to any one of alternative embodiments 99 to 103, wherein the adaptive training period occurs when one or more valves of the user interface are opened to ambient air.

[0336] Alternative Implementation 105. The method according to Alternative Implementation 98, wherein the adaptive training period occurs when the user is not wearing the user interface of the respiratory therapy system.

[0337] Alternative embodiment 106. The method according to any one of alternative embodiments 84 to 105, the method further comprising presenting adaptive training sounds during the adaptive training period to simulate user use of the breathing therapy system by the user.

[0338] Alternative Implementation 107. The method according to Alternative Implementation 106, wherein presenting the first dragging stimulus includes adjusting the adaptive training sound at least in part based on the first dragging waveform.

[0339] Alternative Embodiment 108. The method according to any one of Alternative Embodiments 84 to 107, the method further comprising generating a drag coherence score indicating coherence between the first breathing information and the first drag waveform, wherein the drag coherence score includes a plurality of sub-scores, and wherein each of the plurality of sub-scores indicates drag coherence at a corresponding time during the adaptive training period.

[0340] Alternative Implementation 109. The method according to Alternative Implementation 108, wherein the adaptive training period occurs while the respiratory therapy device of the respiratory therapy system is flowing air to a user interface worn by the user, and wherein each of the plurality of sub-scores corresponds to a corresponding pressure of the air flowing to the user interface.

[0341] Alternative Implementation 110. The method according to Alternative Implementation 108 or Alternative Implementation 109 further includes using a display device to present the drag coherence score.

[0342] Alternative Implementation 111. The method according to Alternative Implementation 110, wherein the presentation of the drag coherence score occurs during the adaptive training period.

[0343] Alternative Implementation 112. The method according to Alternative Implementation 110 or 111, wherein presenting the drag coherence score includes: generating a first trajectory based at least in part on the first respiratory information; generating a second trajectory based at least in part on the first drag waveform; presenting the first trajectory; and presenting the second trajectory as adjacent to or covering the first trajectory.

[0344] Alternative embodiment 113. The method according to any one of alternative embodiments 110 to 112, wherein the presentation of the drag coherence score occurs when the drag coherence score satisfies a threshold.

[0345] Alternative Implementation 114. A method of presenting a dragging procedure during use of a breathing therapy system by a user during a sleep period, the method comprising: receiving dragging coherence data associated with one or more dragging stimuli presented to the user during an adaptation training period prior to the sleep period; generating a dragging waveform based at least in part on the dragging coherence data; and presenting the dragging stimulus to the user based at least in part on the dragging waveform, the dragging coherence data, or both.

[0346] Alternative Implementation 115. According to the method of Alternative Implementation 114, the towing coherence data includes a plurality of towing coherence scores, each towing coherence score being associated with: a corresponding towing waveform generated during the adaptive training period, the type of towing stimulus presented to the user based on the corresponding towing waveform, the pressure of the air flowing in the respiratory therapy system when the corresponding towing waveform is generated, or any combination thereof.

[0347] Alternative Implementation 116. A method of presenting a dragging procedure during use by a user of a respiratory therapy system, the respiratory therapy system including a respiratory therapy device configured to allow pressurized air to flow to a user interface worn by the user, the method comprising: during an adaptation training period in which the user is awake and wearing the user interface, allowing air to flow from the respiratory therapy device to the user interface at a plurality of different pressure values; for each of the plurality of pressure values, presenting the user with a plurality of dragging stimuli, each of the plurality of dragging stimuli being based on a dragging waveform of a plurality of dragging waveforms; for each of the plurality of pressure values ​​and For each different combination of the plurality of drag waveforms, a drag coherence score is determined indicating the coherence between the user's breathing pattern and the drag waveform; during a sleep period in which the user is wearing the user interface and air is flowing from the respiratory therapy device to the user interface, the pressure value of the air is determined; a sleep period drag waveform is generated based on the pressure value of the air flowing during the sleep period and the drag coherence score associated with the corresponding pressure value of the air flowing during the adaptation training period; and a sleep period drag stimulus is presented to the user based on the sleep period drag waveform.

[0348] Alternative Embodiment 117. According to the method of Alternative Embodiment 116, the sleep-period drag waveform is a drag waveform with the largest drag coherence score among all drag coherence scores of the plurality of drag waveforms having the corresponding pressure value of the air flowing during the adaptive training period.

[0349] Alternative Implementation 118. A method of presenting a dragging procedure during use by a user of a respiratory therapy system during a sleep period, the method comprising: determining the current pressure of air flowing from a respiratory therapy device of the respiratory therapy system to a user interface worn by the user; generating a dragging waveform based at least in part on the current pressure of the air; and presenting a dragging stimulus to the user based at least in part on the dragging waveform.

[0350] Alternative Implementation 119. The method according to Alternative Implementation 118, wherein in response to the current pressure of the air becoming a new pressure, the method further includes: generating a new drag waveform based at least in part on the new pressure of the air; and presenting a new drag stimulus to the user based at least in part on the new drag waveform.

[0351] Alternative Implementation 120. According to the method of Alternative Implementation 118, the generation of the drag waveform is also based at least in part on a drag coherence score determined by the user during use of the respiratory therapy system during an adaptation training period.

[0352] Alternative Embodiment 121. A method of presenting a dragging procedure during use by a user of a respiratory therapy system during a sleep period, the method comprising: flowing air having a first pressure from a respiratory therapy device of the respiratory therapy system to a user interface worn by the user; generating a first dragging waveform based at least in part on the first pressure of the air; presenting a first dragging stimulus to the user based at least in part on the first dragging waveform; subsequently flowing air having a second pressure different from the first pressure from the respiratory therapy device to the user interface; and presenting a second dragging stimulus different from the first dragging stimulus to the user.

[0353] Alternative Implementation 122. The method according to Alternative Implementation 121, wherein the second drag stimulus is a stimulus of a different type from the first drag stimulus and is based on the first drag waveform.

[0354] Alternative embodiment 123. The method according to alternative embodiment 121, the method further comprising generating a second drag waveform different from the first drag waveform based at least in part on the second pressure of the air, wherein the second drag stimulus is based on the second drag waveform.

[0355] Alternative Implementation 124. The method according to Alternative Implementation 123, wherein the second dragging stimulus is a stimulus of a different type from the first dragging stimulus, or a stimulus of the same type as the first dragging stimulus.

[0356] Alternative Implementation 125. A method of presenting a dragging procedure during use of a breathing therapy system by a user during a sleep period, the method comprising: generating a first dragging waveform; presenting a first dragging stimulus to the user at least in part based on the first dragging waveform at a first time during the sleep period; and presenting a second dragging stimulus, different from the first dragging stimulus, to the user at a second time after the first time during the sleep period.

[0357] Alternative Implementation 126. The method according to Alternative Implementation 125, wherein the second drag stimulus is a stimulus of a different type from the first drag stimulus and is based on the first drag waveform.

[0358] Alternative embodiment 127. The method according to alternative embodiment 125 further includes generating a second drag waveform, wherein the second drag stimulus is based on the second drag waveform.

[0359] Alternative Implementation 128. The method according to Alternative Implementation 127, wherein the second dragging stimulus is a stimulus of a different type from the first dragging stimulus, or a stimulus of the same type as the first dragging stimulus.

[0360] Alternative Implementation 129. A method for presenting a dragging procedure during use of a breathing therapy system by a user during a sleep period, the method comprising: determining a first respiratory rate of the user; generating a first dragging waveform representing a first target respiratory rate, the first target respiratory rate being less than the user's current respiratory rate; presenting a first dragging stimulus to the user based on the first dragging waveform; determining a second respiratory rate of the user after the first dragging stimulus has been presented to the user; and in response to determining that the difference between the user's second respiratory rate and the first target respiratory rate satisfies a threshold difference, (i) generating a second dragging waveform representing a second target respiratory rate, the second target respiratory rate being less than the first target respiratory rate, and (ii) presenting a second dragging stimulus to the user based on the second dragging waveform.

[0361] Alternative Implementation 130. The method according to Alternative Implementation 129, wherein the second dragging stimulus is a stimulus of the same type as the first dragging stimulus.

[0362] Alternative Implementation 131. The method according to Alternative Implementation 129, the method further comprising: after presenting the second drag stimulus to the user, determining the user's third respiratory rate; and in response to determining that the difference between the user's third respiratory rate and the second respiratory rate satisfies the threshold difference, (i) generating a third drag waveform representing a third target respiratory rate, the third target respiratory rate being less than the second target respiratory rate, and (ii) presenting the third drag stimulus to the user based on the third drag waveform.

[0363] Alternative Implementation 132. The method according to Alternative Implementation 131, the method further includes determining the elapsed time since the start of the sleep period, and wherein, in response to the elapsed time being greater than or equal to a threshold time, the third dragging stimulus is a stimulus of a different type from the second dragging stimulus.

[0364] Alternative Implementation 133. According to the method of Alternative Implementation 132, wherein in response to the elapsed time being less than the threshold time, the third dragging stimulus is a stimulus of the same type as the second dragging stimulus.

[0365] Alternative Implementation 134. The method according to Alternative Implementation 129, the method further comprising: determining a third respiratory rate of the user after the second dragging stimulus has been presented to the user; and continuing to present the second dragging stimulus in response to determining that the difference between the user's third respiratory rate and the second respiratory rate satisfies the threshold difference.

[0366] Alternative Embodiment 135. A method of presenting a stimulus to a user of a breathing therapy system during a sleep period during an adaptation training period, the breathing therapy system including a breathing therapy device configured to provide air to a user interface worn by the user during the sleep period, the method comprising: presenting a first dragging stimulus to the user when the user is awake and not wearing the user interface; and subsequently presenting a second dragging stimulus to the user when the user is awake and not wearing the user interface.

[0367] Alternative Implementation 136. The method according to Alternative Implementation 135, wherein the first dragging stimulus is different from the second dragging stimulus.

[0368] Alternative Embodiment 137. The method according to Alternative Embodiment 136, wherein the first dragging stimulus includes a visual stimulus and the second dragging stimulus includes an audio stimulus.

[0369] Alternative Embodiment 138. The method according to Alternative Embodiment 136, wherein the first dragging stimulus includes a visual stimulus and the second dragging stimulus includes a tactile stimulus.

[0370] Alternative Embodiment 139. The method according to Alternative Embodiment 136, wherein the first dragging stimulus includes an audio stimulus and the second dragging stimulus includes a tactile stimulus.

[0371] Alternative Embodiment 140. The method according to Alternative Embodiment 135, wherein the first drag stimulus is based on a first drag waveform representing a first target breathing pattern, and wherein the second drag stimulus is based on a second drag waveform representing a second target breathing pattern, which is different from the first target breathing pattern.

[0372] Alternative Embodiment 141. The method according to Alternative Embodiment 140, wherein both the first dragging stimulus and the second dragging stimulus include visual stimuli.

[0373] Alternative Implementation 142. The method according to Alternative Implementation 140, wherein both the first dragging stimulus and the second dragging stimulus comprise audio stimuli.

[0374] Alternative Embodiment 143. The method according to Alternative Embodiment 140, wherein both the first dragging stimulus and the second dragging stimulus include tactile stimulation.

[0375] Alternative Embodiment 144. The method according to Alternative Embodiment 140, wherein the first dragging stimulus includes a visual stimulus and the second dragging stimulus includes an audio stimulus.

[0376] Alternative Embodiment 145. The method according to Alternative Embodiment 140, wherein the first dragging stimulus includes a visual stimulus and the second dragging stimulus includes a tactile stimulus.

[0377] Alternative Embodiment 146. The method according to Alternative Embodiment 140, wherein the first dragging stimulus includes an audio stimulus and the second dragging stimulus includes a tactile stimulus.

[0378] Alternative Embodiment 147. A system comprising: a respiratory therapy system, the respiratory therapy system including: a respiratory therapy device configured to supply pressurized air; and a user interface coupled to the respiratory therapy device via a conduit, the user interface being configured to engage a user and assist in directing the supplied pressurized air to the user's airway; a memory device storing machine-readable instructions; and a control system coupled to the memory device, the control system including one or more processors configured to execute the machine-readable instructions to: receive first data associated with a user participating in an adaptive training period for using the respiratory therapy system. The process includes: extracting first breathing information from the first data; presenting a first dragging procedure to the user during the adaptation training period, the presentation of the first dragging procedure including generating at least a first dragging waveform and presenting at least a first dragging stimulus based at least in part on the first dragging waveform; generating at least one dragging coherence score, the at least one dragging coherence score indicating the coherence between the first breathing information and at least the first dragging waveform; receiving second data associated with a user participating in the current sleep period; and presenting a second dragging procedure to the user during the current sleep period, the second dragging procedure being based at least in part on the second data, the at least one dragging coherence score, or both.

[0379] Alternative Embodiment 148. The system according to Alternative Embodiment 147, wherein the one or more processors of the control system are further configured to execute the machine-readable instructions to implement the method according to any one of Alternative Embodiments 2 to 83.

[0380] Alternative Embodiment 149. A system comprising: a respiratory therapy system, the respiratory therapy system including: a respiratory therapy device configured to supply pressurized air; and a user interface coupled to the respiratory therapy device via a conduit, the user interface being configured to engage a user and assist in directing the supplied pressurized air to the user's airway; a memory device storing machine-readable instructions; and a control system coupled to the memory device, the control system including one or more processors configured to execute the machine-readable instructions to: receive first data associated with a user participating in an adaptation training period for using the respiratory therapy system; extract first respiratory information from the first data; and present a first dragging procedure to the user during the adaptation training period, the presentation of the first dragging procedure including generating a first dragging waveform and presenting a first dragging stimulus at least in part based on the first dragging waveform.

[0381] Alternative Embodiment 150. The system according to Alternative Embodiment 149, wherein the one or more processors of the control system are further configured to execute the machine-readable instructions to implement the method according to any one of Alternative Embodiments 85 to 113.

[0382] Alternative Embodiment 151. A system comprising: a respiratory therapy system, the respiratory therapy system including: a respiratory therapy device configured to supply pressurized air; and a user interface coupled to the respiratory therapy device via a conduit, the user interface being configured to engage a user and assist in directing the supplied pressurized air to the user's airway; a memory device storing machine-readable instructions; and a control system coupled to the memory device, the control system including one or more processors configured to execute the machine-readable instructions to: receive drag coherence data associated with one or more dragging stimuli presented to the user during an adaptive training period prior to a sleep period; generate a dragging waveform based at least in part on the dragging coherence data; and present the dragging stimulus to the user based at least in part on the dragging waveform, the dragging coherence data, or both.

[0383] Alternative Embodiment 152. The system according to Alternative Embodiment 151, wherein the one or more processors of the control system are further configured to execute the machine-readable instructions to implement the method according to Alternative Embodiment 115.

[0384] Alternative Embodiment 153. A system comprising: a respiratory therapy system, the respiratory therapy system including: a respiratory therapy device configured to supply pressurized air; and a user interface coupled to the respiratory therapy device via a conduit, the user interface being configured to engage a user and assist in directing the supplied pressurized air to the user's airway; a memory device storing machine-readable instructions; and a control system coupled to the memory device, the control system including one or more processors configured to execute the machine-readable instructions to: during an adaptation training period in which the user is awake and wearing the user interface, cause air to flow from the respiratory therapy device to the user interface at a plurality of different pressure values; for each of the plurality of pressure values, direct the air to the user's airway. The user is presented with multiple drag stimuli, each of which is based on one drag waveform from a plurality of drag waveforms; for each different combination of one pressure value from a plurality of pressure values ​​and one drag waveform from a plurality of drag waveforms, a drag coherence score is determined indicating the coherence between the user's breathing pattern and the one drag waveform; during a sleep period in which the user is wearing the user interface and air is flowing from the respiratory therapy device to the user interface, the pressure value of the air is determined; a sleep period drag waveform is generated based on the pressure value of the air flowing during the sleep period and the drag coherence score associated with the corresponding pressure value of the air flowing during the adaptation training period; and a sleep period drag stimuli are presented to the user based on the sleep period drag waveform.

[0385] Alternative Embodiment 154. The system according to Alternative Embodiment 153, wherein the one or more processors of the control system are further configured to execute the machine-readable instructions to implement the method according to Alternative Embodiment 117.

[0386] Alternative Embodiment 155. A system comprising: a respiratory therapy system, the respiratory therapy system including: a respiratory therapy device configured to supply pressurized air; and a user interface coupled to the respiratory therapy device via a conduit, the user interface being configured to engage a user and assist in directing the supplied pressurized air to the user's airway; a memory device storing machine-readable instructions; and a control system coupled to the memory device, the control system including one or more processors configured to execute the machine-readable instructions to: determine a current pressure of air flowing from the respiratory therapy device of the respiratory therapy system to the user interface worn by the user; generate a drag waveform based at least in part on the current pressure of the air; and present a drag stimulus to the user based at least in part on the drag waveform.

[0387] Alternative Embodiment 156. The system according to Alternative Embodiment 155, wherein the one or more processors of the control system are further configured to execute machine-readable instructions according to Alternative Embodiment 84 or Alternative Embodiment 120.

[0388] Alternative Embodiment 157. A system comprising: a respiratory therapy system, the respiratory therapy system including: a respiratory therapy device configured to supply pressurized air; and a user interface coupled to the respiratory therapy device via a conduit, the user interface being configured to engage a user and assist in directing the supplied pressurized air to the user's airway; a memory device storing machine-readable instructions; and a control system coupled to the memory device, the control system including one or more processors configured to execute the machine-readable instructions to: cause air having a first pressure to flow from the respiratory therapy device of the respiratory therapy system to the user interface worn by the user; generate a first drag waveform based at least in part on the first pressure of the air; present a first drag stimulus to the user based at least in part on the first drag waveform; subsequently cause air having a second pressure different from the first pressure to flow from the respiratory therapy device to the user interface; and present a second drag stimulus different from the first drag stimulus to the user.

[0389] Alternative Embodiment 158. The system according to Alternative Embodiment 157, wherein the one or more processors of the control system are further configured to execute machine-readable instructions according to any one of Alternative Embodiments 122 to 124.

[0390] Alternative Embodiment 159. A system comprising: a respiratory therapy system, the respiratory therapy system including: a respiratory therapy device configured to supply pressurized air; and a user interface coupled to the respiratory therapy device via a conduit, the user interface being configured to engage a user and assist in directing the supplied pressurized air to the user's airway; a memory device storing machine-readable instructions; and a control system coupled to the memory device, the control system including one or more processors configured to execute the machine-readable instructions to: generate a first drag waveform; present a first drag stimulus to the user at least in part based on the first drag waveform at a first time during the sleep period; and present a second drag stimulus, different from the first drag stimulus, to the user at a second time after the first time during the sleep period.

[0391] Alternative Embodiment 160. The system according to Alternative Embodiment 159, wherein the one or more processors of the control system are further configured to execute machine-readable instructions according to any one of Alternative Embodiments 116 to 128.

[0392] Alternative implementation method 161. A system comprising: a respiratory therapy system, the respiratory therapy system including: a respiratory therapy device configured to supply pressurized air; and a user interface coupled to the respiratory therapy device via a conduit, the user interface being configured to engage a user and assist in directing the supplied pressurized air to the user's airway; a memory device storing machine-readable instructions; and a control system coupled to the memory device, the control system including one or more processors configured to execute the machine-readable instructions to: determine a first respiratory rate of the user; generate a first drag waveform representing a first target respiratory rate, the first target respiratory rate being less than the user's current respiratory rate; present a first drag stimulus to the user based on the first drag waveform; determine a second respiratory rate of the user after the first drag stimulus has been presented to the user; and in response to determining that the difference between the user's second respiratory rate and the first target respiratory rate satisfies a threshold difference, (i) generating a second drag waveform representing a second target respiratory rate, the second target respiratory rate being less than the first target respiratory rate, and (ii) presenting a second drag stimulus to the user based on the second drag waveform.

[0393] Alternative Embodiment 162. The system according to Alternative Embodiment 161, wherein the one or more processors of the control system are further configured to execute machine-readable instructions according to any one of Alternative Embodiments 130 to 134.

[0394] Alternative Embodiment 163. A system comprising: a respiratory therapy system, the respiratory therapy system including: a respiratory therapy device configured to supply pressurized air; and a user interface coupled to the respiratory therapy device via a conduit, the user interface being configured to engage a user and assist in directing the supplied pressurized air to the user's airway; a memory device storing machine-readable instructions; and a control system coupled to the memory device, the control system including one or more processors configured to execute the machine-readable instructions to: present a first dragging stimulus to the user while the user is awake and not wearing the user interface; and subsequently present a second dragging stimulus to the user while the user is awake and not wearing the user interface.

[0395] Alternative Embodiment 164. The system according to Alternative Embodiment 163, wherein the one or more processors of the control system are further configured to execute machine-readable instructions according to any one of Alternative Embodiments 136 to 146.

[0396] Alternative Embodiment 165. A system comprising: a control system including one or more processors; and a memory storing machine-readable instructions; wherein the control system is coupled to the memory and, when the machine-readable instructions in the memory are executed by at least one of the one or more processors of the control system, implements the method according to any one of Alternative Embodiments 1 to 146.

[0397] Alternative Embodiment 166. A system for personalized towing, the system including a control system configured to implement the method according to any one of Alternative Embodiments 1 to 146.

[0398] Alternative Embodiment 167. A computer program product comprising instructions that, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform the method according to any one of Alternative Embodiments 1 to 146.

[0399] Alternative embodiment 168. The computer program product according to alternative embodiment 167, wherein the computer program product is a non-transitory computer-readable medium.

[0400] While this disclosure has been described with reference to one or more specific embodiments or implementations, those skilled in the art will recognize that many changes can be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure. Each of these embodiments, and its obvious variations, is considered to fall within the spirit and scope of this disclosure. It is also contemplated that additional or alternative implementations according to various aspects of this disclosure may combine any number of features from any of the embodiments described herein, such as, for example, in the alternative implementations described below.

Claims

1. A system comprising: A respiratory therapy system, the respiratory therapy system comprising: A respiratory therapy device, the respiratory therapy device being configured to supply pressurized air; and A user interface, coupled to the respiratory therapy device via a conduit, is configured to engage with a user and assist in directing supplied pressurized air into the user's airway; A memory device storing machine-readable instructions; and A control system coupled to the memory device, the control system including one or more processors configured to execute the machine-readable instructions to: Receive the first data associated with users participating in adaptive training sessions for the use of the respiratory therapy system; Extract the first respiratory information from the first data; During the adaptive training period, a first dragging procedure is presented to the user, the presentation of the first dragging procedure including generating at least a first dragging waveform and presenting at least a first dragging stimulus at least in part based on the first dragging waveform; Generate at least one towing coherence score, the at least one towing coherence score indicating the coherence between the first respiratory information and at least the first towing waveform; Receive second data associated with the user participating in the current sleep period; and A second dragging procedure is presented to the user during the current sleep period, the second dragging procedure being based at least in part on the second data, the at least one dragging coherence score, or both.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the first drag waveform is predetermined and is not based on the first data or the first breathing information.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the first drag waveform is at least partially based on the first data, the first breathing information, or both.

4. The system of claim 3, wherein, in order to generate the first drag waveform, the one or more processors are further configured to execute the machine-readable instructions to: Generate a predetermined drag waveform; and The predetermined drag waveform is modified based on the first data, the first respiratory information, or both.

5. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first breathing information includes the user's current breathing pattern, and wherein the first drag waveform represents a target breathing pattern.

6. The system of claim 5, wherein the target breathing pattern includes a target inspiratory / expiratory ratio.

7. The system of claim 5, wherein the target breathing pattern includes a target inspiratory duration, a target inspiratory hold duration, a target expiratory duration, and a target expiratory hold duration.

8. The system according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein presenting the first drag program includes displaying on a display device: (i) a current waveform representing the user's current breathing pattern, and (ii) the first drag waveform representing the target breathing pattern.

9. The system according to claim 8, wherein, On the display device, the first drag waveform is superimposed on the current waveform.

10. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the first breathing information includes the user's current breathing rate, and wherein the first drag waveform represents a target breathing rate.

11. The system of claim 10, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to execute the machine-readable instructions to: Update the first drag waveform to represent the updated target respiratory rate, which is different from the target respiratory rate; and The first drag stimulus is presented at least in part based on the updated first drag waveform.

12. The system of claim 11, wherein the first drag waveform is updated in response to the drag coherence score satisfying a threshold.

13. The system of claim 12, wherein the first drag waveform is updated in response to the drag coherence score satisfying the threshold for at least a predetermined amount of time.

14. The system according to any one of claims 10 to 13, wherein the target respiratory rate is less than the current respiratory rate.

15. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein presenting the first dragging stimulus comprises: (i) generating an audio stimulus; (ii) modulating an existing audio stimulus; (iii) generating a visual stimulus; (iv) modulating an existing visual stimulus; (v) generating a tactile stimulus; (vi) modulating an existing tactile stimulus; (vii) modulating an airflow generated by the breathing therapy system; or (viii) any combination of (i) to (vii).

16. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein generating the first drag waveform comprises inputting the first data, the first breathing information, or both into a machine learning algorithm, the machine learning algorithm being trained to output the first drag waveform.

17. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the second towing procedure is based at least in part on both the second data and the towing coherence score.

18. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein, in order to present the second drag-and-drop program to the user during the current sleep period, the one or more processors are further configured to execute the machine-readable instructions to: Generate the second drag waveform; and The second dragging stimulus is presented at least in part based on the second dragging waveform.

19. The system of claim 18, wherein the second dragging stimulus is different from the first dragging stimulus.

20. The system of claim 18 or 19, wherein the first drag stimulation comprises visual stimulation, and wherein the second drag stimulation comprises audio stimulation, tactile stimulation, modulation of airflow generated by the respiratory therapy system, or any combination thereof.

21. The system of claim 18, wherein the second dragging stimulus is the same as the first dragging stimulus.

22. The system of claim 18 or 21, wherein both the first drag stimulation and the second drag stimulation comprise audio stimulation, visual stimulation, tactile stimulation, modulation of airflow generated by the respiratory therapy system, or any combination thereof.

23. The method according to any one of claims 18 to 22, wherein presenting the second dragging stimulus comprises: (i) generating an audio stimulus; (ii) modulating an existing audio stimulus; (iii) generating a visual stimulus; (iv) modulating an existing visual stimulus; (v) generating a tactile stimulus; (vi) modulating an existing tactile stimulus; (vii) modulating an airflow generated by the breathing therapy system; or (viii) any combination of (i) to (vii).

24. The system of claim 23, wherein regulating the airflow includes regulating the air pressure.

25. The system of claim 24, wherein regulating the airflow includes regulating the pressure of the air according to a target breathing pattern.

26. The system according to any one of claims 17 to 23, wherein, in order to present the second drag-and-drop program, the one or more processors are further configured to execute the machine-readable instructions to: Generate temporary drag waveforms; and The temporary drag waveform is updated at least in part based on the coherence score to generate the second drag waveform.

27. The system of claim 26, wherein the temporary drag waveform is further updated based on the second data.

28. The system of claim 26 or 27, wherein the temporary drag waveform represents an initial target breathing pattern, and wherein, in order to update the temporary drag waveform, the one or more processors are further configured to execute the machine-readable instructions to: The updated target breathing pattern is determined at least in part based on the initial target breathing pattern and the coherence score; and Update the temporary drag waveform so that the second drag waveform represents the updated target breathing pattern.

29. The system of claim 27, wherein the updated target breathing pattern is further determined based on the second data.

30. The system of any one of claims 18 to 23, wherein generating the second drag waveform comprises inputting the second data, the coherence score, or both into a machine learning algorithm, the machine learning algorithm being trained to output the second drag waveform.

31. The system of any one of claims 18 to 30, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to execute the machine-readable instructions to access historical adaptive training information associated with one or more prior adaptive training periods, the historical adaptive training information including historical breathing information and historical drag coherence scores for each period in the one or more prior adaptive training periods, wherein the second drag waveform is generated based at least in part on the historical adaptive training information.

32. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 31, wherein the respiratory therapy system includes a user interface configured to be fluidly coupled to a respiratory therapy device via a conduit, the respiratory therapy device being operable to allow air to flow through the conduit and to the user interface.

33. The system of claim 32, wherein the adaptive training period occurs when the user is awake and wearing the user interface.

34. The system of claim 33, wherein the adaptive training period occurs when the user interface is fluidly coupled to the respiratory therapy device via the conduit.

35. The system of claim 34, wherein the adaptive training period occurs while the respiratory therapy device is allowing air to flow through the conduit and to the user interface.

36. The system of claim 34, wherein the adaptive training period occurs when the respiratory therapy device is not allowing air to flow through the conduit and to the user interface.

37. The system of claim 33, wherein the adaptive training period occurs when the user interface is not fluidly coupled to the respiratory therapy device via the conduit.

38. The system according to any one of claims 33 to 37, wherein the adaptive training period occurs when one or more valves of the user interface are opened to ambient air.

39. The system of claim 32, wherein the adaptive training period occurs when the user is not wearing the user interface of the respiratory therapy system.

40. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 39, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to execute the machine-readable instructions to present adaptive training sounds during the adaptive training period, the adaptive training sounds being presented to simulate use of the respiratory therapy system by the user.

41. The system of claim 40, wherein presenting the first dragging stimulus includes adjusting the adaptive training sound at least in part based on the first dragging waveform.

42. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 41, wherein the drag coherence score comprises a plurality of drag coherence sub-scores, and wherein each of the plurality of drag coherence sub-scores indicates drag coherence at a corresponding time during the adaptive training period.

43. The system of claim 42, wherein the adaptive training period occurs while the respiratory therapy device of the respiratory therapy system is channeling air to a user interface worn by the user, and wherein each of the plurality of sub-scores corresponds to a corresponding pressure of the air flowing to the user interface.

44. The system of claim 42, wherein, in order to present the second drag-and-drop program to the user during the current sleep period, the one or more processors are further configured to execute the machine-readable instructions to: The current pressure of the air supplied to the user via the respiratory therapy system during the current sleep period is determined, at least in part, based on the second data. A second drag waveform is generated based on (i) the current pressure of the air and (ii) one of the multiple drag coherence sub-scores associated with the current pressure. as well as The second dragging stimulus is presented based on the second dragging waveform.

45. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 43, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to execute the machine-readable instructions to: Extracting second respiratory information from the second data, wherein presenting the second towing procedure includes generating a second towing waveform; Determine an additional drag coherence score that indicates the coherence between the second respiratory information and the second drag waveform; and In response to determining that the additional drag coherence score meets a threshold, a notification signal indicating that the respiratory therapy system needs to be adjusted is sent.

46. ​​The system according to any one of claims 1 to 45, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to execute the machine-readable instructions to present the drag coherence score using a display device.

47. The system of claim 46, wherein the presentation of the drag coherence score occurs during the adaptive training period.

48. The system of claim 46 or 47, wherein, in order to present the drag coherence score, the one or more processors are further configured to execute the machine-readable instructions to: The first trajectory is generated based at least in part on the first respiratory information; The second trajectory is generated at least in part based on the first drag waveform; Present the first trajectory; as well as The second trajectory is presented as adjacent to or covering the first trajectory.

49. The system according to any one of claims 46 to 48, wherein the presentation of the drag coherence score occurs when the drag coherence score satisfies a threshold.

50. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 49, wherein the first data, the second data, or both comprise: Pressure data associated with the pressure of air flowing from the respiratory therapy device of the respiratory therapy system to the user interface worn by the user, flow data associated with the air volume, motion data associated with the user's movement, image data that can be reproduced as one or more images of the user, PPG data, ECG data, EEG data, or any combination thereof.

51. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 50, wherein, in order to present the first drag-and-drop procedure and generate the drag-and-drop coherence score, the one or more processors are further configured to execute the machine-readable instructions to: During the adaptive training period in which the user is awake and wearing the user interface, air is flowed from the respiratory therapy device to the user interface at multiple different pressure values; For each of the plurality of pressure values, a plurality of dragging stimuli are presented to the user, each of the plurality of dragging stimuli being based on one of a plurality of dragging waveforms; as well as For each different combination of one of the plurality of pressure values ​​and one of the plurality of drag waveforms, a drag coherence score is determined that indicates the coherence between the user’s breathing pattern and the drag waveform.

52. The system of claim 51, wherein, in order to present the second drag-and-drop program, the one or more processors are further configured to execute the machine-readable instructions to: During the current sleep period in which the user is wearing the user interface and air is flowing from the respiratory therapy device to the user interface, the pressure value of the air is determined; The sleep-time drag waveform is generated based on the pressure value of the air flowing during the sleep period and the drag coherence score associated with the corresponding pressure value of the air flowing during the adaptation training period. as well as The sleep-time dragging waveform is used to present sleep-time dragging stimulation to the user.

53. The system of claim 52, wherein the sleep-period drag waveform is a drag waveform with the largest drag coherence score among all drag coherence scores of the plurality of drag waveforms having the corresponding pressure value of the air flowing during the adaptive training period.

54. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 53, wherein, in order to present the first drag-and-drop program or the second drag-and-drop program to the user, the one or more processors are further configured to execute the machine-readable instructions to: Determine the current pressure of the air flowing from the respiratory therapy device of the respiratory therapy system to the user interface worn by the user; The drag waveform is generated based at least in part on the current pressure of the air; as well as The dragging stimulus is presented to the user based at least in part on the dragging waveform.

55. The system of claim 54, wherein in response to the current pressure of the air changing to a new pressure, the one or more processors are further configured to execute the machine-readable instructions to: The new drag waveform is generated at least in part based on the new pressure of the air; and The new dragging stimulus is presented to the user based at least in part on the new dragging waveform.

56. The system of claim 54, wherein the generation of the dragging waveform is further based, at least in part, on the dragging coherence score determined by the user during the adaptation training period when using the respiratory therapy system.

57. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 56, wherein, in order to present the first drag-and-drop program or the second drag-and-drop program, the one or more processors are further configured to execute the machine-readable instructions to: Air at a first pressure is allowed to flow from the respiratory therapy device of the respiratory therapy system to the user interface worn by the user. The initial drag waveform is generated at least in part based on the first pressure of the air; The initial dragging stimulus is presented to the user based at least in part on the initial dragging waveform; Air at a second pressure, different from the first pressure, is then allowed to flow from the respiratory therapy device to the user interface; as well as Present the user with a subsequent dragging stimulus that is different from the initial dragging stimulus.

58. The system of claim 57, wherein the subsequent dragging stimulus is a stimulus of a different type from the initial dragging stimulus and is based on the initial dragging waveform.

59. The system of claim 57, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to execute the machine-readable instructions to generate a subsequent drag waveform that differs from the initial drag waveform, at least in part based on the second pressure of the air, wherein the subsequent drag stimulus is based on the subsequent drag waveform.

60. The system of claim 59, wherein the subsequent dragging stimulus is a stimulus of a different type from the initial dragging stimulus, or a stimulus of the same type as the initial dragging stimulus.

61. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 60, wherein, in order to present the second drag-and-drop program to the user during the sleep period, the one or more processors are further configured to execute the machine-readable instructions to: Generate the initial drag waveform; During the first moment of the sleep period, the initial dragging stimulus is presented to the user at least in part based on the initial dragging waveform; as well as At a second time following the first time during the sleep period, the user is presented with a subsequent dragging stimulus that differs from the initial dragging stimulus.

62. The system of claim 61, wherein the subsequent dragging stimulus is a stimulus of a different type from the initial dragging stimulus and is based on the initial dragging waveform.

63. The system of claim 61, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to execute the machine-readable instructions to generate a subsequent drag waveform, wherein the subsequent drag stimulus is based on the subsequent drag waveform.

64. The system of claim 63, wherein the subsequent dragging stimulus is a stimulus of a different type from the initial dragging stimulus, or a stimulus of the same type as the initial dragging stimulus.

65. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 64, wherein, in order to present the second drag-and-drop program to the user during the current sleep period, the one or more processors are further configured to execute the machine-readable instructions to: Determine the user's first current respiratory rate; Generate an initial drag waveform representing a first target respiratory rate, which is less than the user's first current respiratory rate; The initial dragging stimulus is presented to the user based on the initial dragging waveform; After the initial dragging stimulus has been presented to the user, the user's second current respiratory rate is determined; as well as In response to determining that the difference between the user’s second current respiratory rate and the first target respiratory rate satisfies a threshold difference, (i) a first subsequent drag waveform representing the second target respiratory rate, the second target respiratory rate being less than the first target respiratory rate, and (ii) a first subsequent drag stimulus is presented to the user based on the first subsequent drag waveform.

66. The system of claim 65, wherein the subsequent dragging stimulus is a stimulus of the same type as the initial dragging stimulus.

67. The system of claim 65, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to execute the machine-readable instructions to: After the subsequent dragging stimulus has been presented to the user, the user's third current respiratory rate is determined; and In response to determining that the difference between the user’s third current respiratory rate and the second target respiratory rate satisfies the threshold difference, (i) a second subsequent drag waveform representing the third target respiratory rate, which is less than the second target respiratory rate, is generated, and (ii) a second subsequent drag stimulus is presented to the user based on the third drag waveform.

68. The system of claim 65, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to execute the machine-readable instructions to determine the elapsed time since the start of the sleep period, and wherein, in response to the elapsed time being greater than or equal to a threshold time, the second subsequent dragging stimulus is a stimulus of a different type from the first subsequent dragging stimulus.

69. The system of claim 68, wherein in response to the elapsed time being less than the threshold time, the second subsequent drag stimulus is a stimulus of the same type as the first subsequent drag stimulus.

70. The system of claim 65, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to execute the machine-readable instructions to: After the first subsequent drag stimulus has been presented to the user, the user's third current respiratory rate is determined; and In response to determining that the difference between the user's third current breathing rate and the second current breathing rate satisfies the threshold difference, the first dragging stimulus continues to be presented.

71. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 70, wherein the at least one drag coherence score comprises a plurality of drag coherence scores, each drag coherence score being associated with: a corresponding drag waveform generated during the adaptive training period, the type of drag stimulus presented to the user based on the corresponding drag waveform, the pressure of the air flowing in the respiratory therapy system when the corresponding drag waveform is generated, or any combination thereof.

72. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 71, wherein, in order to present the first drag-and-drop program to the user during the adaptive training period, the one or more processors are further configured to execute the machine-readable instructions to: The first dragging stimulation is presented to the user while the user is awake and not wearing a user interface supplied with air by the respiratory therapy device of the respiratory therapy system; and While the user is awake and not wearing the user interface, a second dragging stimulus is then presented to the user.

73. The system of claim 72, wherein the first dragging stimulus is different from the second dragging stimulus.

74. The system of claim 73, wherein the first dragging stimulus comprises a visual stimulus, and the second dragging stimulus comprises an audio stimulus.

75. The system of claim 73, wherein the first dragging stimulus comprises a visual stimulus, and the second dragging stimulus comprises a tactile stimulus.

76. The system of claim 73, wherein the first dragging stimulus comprises an audio stimulus, and the second dragging stimulus comprises a tactile stimulus.

77. The system of claim 72, wherein the first drag stimulus is based on a first drag waveform representing a first target breathing pattern, and wherein the second drag stimulus is based on a second drag waveform representing a second target breathing pattern, the second target breathing pattern being different from the first target breathing pattern.

78. The system of claim 77, wherein both the first dragging stimulus and the second dragging stimulus comprise visual stimuli.

79. The system of claim 77, wherein both the first dragging stimulus and the second dragging stimulus comprise audio stimulation.

80. The system of claim 77, wherein both the first dragging stimulus and the second dragging stimulus comprise tactile stimulation.

81. The system of claim 77, wherein the first dragging stimulus comprises a visual stimulus, and the second dragging stimulus comprises an audio stimulus.

82. The system of claim 77, wherein the first dragging stimulus comprises a visual stimulus, and the second dragging stimulus comprises a tactile stimulus.

83. The system of claim 77, wherein the first dragging stimulus comprises an audio stimulus, and the second dragging stimulus comprises a tactile stimulus.

84. A system comprising: A respiratory therapy system, the respiratory therapy system comprising: A respiratory therapy device, the respiratory therapy device being configured to supply pressurized air; and A user interface, coupled to the respiratory therapy device via a conduit, is configured to engage with a user and assist in directing supplied pressurized air into the user's airway; A memory device storing machine-readable instructions; and A control system coupled to the memory device, the control system including one or more processors configured to execute the machine-readable instructions to: Receive the first data associated with users participating in adaptive training sessions for the use of the respiratory therapy system; Extract first respiratory information from the first data; and During the adaptive training period, a first dragging procedure is presented to the user, the presentation of the first dragging procedure including generating a first dragging waveform and presenting a first dragging stimulus based at least in part on the first dragging waveform.

85. A system comprising: A respiratory therapy system, the respiratory therapy system comprising: A respiratory therapy device, the respiratory therapy device being configured to supply pressurized air; and A user interface, coupled to the respiratory therapy device via a conduit, is configured to engage with a user and assist in directing supplied pressurized air into the user's airway; A memory device storing machine-readable instructions; and A control system coupled to the memory device, the control system including one or more processors configured to execute the machine-readable instructions to: Receive drag coherence data associated with one or more drag stimuli presented to the user during an adaptive training period prior to sleep; The drag waveform is generated at least in part based on the drag coherence data; and The dragging stimulus is presented to the user based at least in part on the dragging waveform, the dragging coherence data, or both.

86. The system of claim 85, wherein the drag coherence data comprises a plurality of drag coherence scores, each drag coherence score being associated with: a corresponding drag waveform generated during the adaptive training period, the type of drag stimulus presented to the user based on the corresponding drag waveform, the pressure of the air flowing in the respiratory therapy system when the corresponding drag waveform is generated, or any combination thereof.

87. A method comprising: Receive the first data associated with users participating in adaptive training sessions for the use of the respiratory therapy system; Extract the first respiratory information from the first data; During the adaptive training period, a first dragging procedure is presented to the user, the presentation of the first dragging procedure including generating at least a first dragging waveform and presenting at least a first dragging stimulus at least in part based on the first dragging waveform; Generate at least one towing coherence score, the at least one towing coherence score indicating the coherence between the first respiratory information and the first towing waveform; Receive second data associated with users participating in the current sleep period; as well as A second dragging procedure is presented to the user during the current sleep period, the second dragging procedure being based at least in part on the second data, the at least one dragging coherence score, or both.

88. A method, the method comprising: Receive the first data associated with users participating in adaptive training sessions for the use of the respiratory therapy system; Extract the first respiratory information from the first data; as well as During the adaptive training period, a first dragging procedure is presented to the user, the presentation of the first dragging procedure including generating a first dragging waveform and presenting a first dragging stimulus based at least in part on the first dragging waveform.

89. A method for presenting a drag-and-drop procedure during a user's use of a breathing therapy system during sleep, the method comprising: Receive towing coherence data associated with one or more towing stimuli presented to the user during an adaptive training period prior to the sleep period; The drag waveform is generated at least in part based on the drag coherence data; as well as The dragging stimulus is presented to the user based at least in part on the dragging waveform, the dragging coherence data, or both.

90. A system comprising: A control system, the control system comprising one or more processors; and The memory, on which machine-readable instructions are stored, The control system is coupled to the memory and implements the method according to any one of claims 87 to 89 when the machine-readable instructions in the memory are executed by at least one of the one or more processors of the control system.

91. A system for personalized towing, the system comprising a control system configured to implement the method according to any one of claims 87 to 89.

92. A computer program product comprising instructions that, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform the method according to any one of claims 87 to 89.

93. The computer program product of claim 92, wherein the computer program product is a non-transitory computer-readable medium.

Images