Cutter blade, cutting tool, and method for manufacturing a workpiece

Abstract

The blade has a blade main body and a through-hole that penetrates the blade main body, an inner surface of the through-hole of the blade main body having a plurality of grooves each extending in a direction intersecting a direction with respect to a central axis of the through-hole.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The disclosed embodiments relate to a method for manufacturing a cutting blade, a cutting tool, and a workpiece. Background Technology

[0002] As a cutting tool for machining a workpiece, a tool tip-changing cutting tool is known, for example, comprising a tool body, a cutting insert, and a screw member (see, for example, Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2019-141944). The cutting insert is mounted on the tool body. The screw member secures the cutting insert to the tool body. The cutting insert has an insert body and a through hole penetrating the insert body. The screw member is inserted into the through hole. Summary of the Invention

[0003] One embodiment relates to a blade having: a blade body; and a through hole penetrating the blade body, the inner surface of the through hole having a plurality of grooves, each of the plurality of grooves extending in a direction intersecting with respect to the central axis of the through hole. Attached Figure Description

[0004] Figure 1 This is a three-view view showing an example of the blade according to the first embodiment.

[0005] Figure 2 It means along Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of an example of the blade section along line A-A' shown.

[0006] Figure 3 It is Figure 2 An enlarged view of an example of region R shown.

[0007] Figure 4A This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of the blade manufacturing method according to the first embodiment.

[0008] Figure 4B This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of the blade manufacturing method according to the first embodiment.

[0009] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the cross-section of the blade according to the second embodiment.

[0010] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the cross-section of the blade according to the third embodiment.

[0011] Figure 7 This is a front view showing an example of a cutting tool involved in the embodiment.

[0012] Figure 8A This is a schematic diagram illustrating one step of a method for manufacturing a machined object according to an embodiment.

[0013] Figure 8B This is a schematic diagram illustrating one step of a method for manufacturing a workpiece according to an embodiment.

[0014] Figure 8C This is a schematic diagram illustrating one step of a method for manufacturing a workpiece according to an embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0015] Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings, a method for manufacturing the inserts, cutting tools, and workpieces of this disclosure will be described in detail (hereinafter referred to as "Embodiments"). The method for manufacturing the inserts, cutting tools, and workpieces of this disclosure is not limited to such embodiments. Various embodiments can be appropriately combined without causing contradiction. In the following embodiments, the same reference numerals are used to denote the same parts, and repeated descriptions are omitted.

[0016] In the embodiments shown below, expressions such as "constant," "orthogonal," "perpendicular," or "parallel" are sometimes used, but these expressions need not be strictly "constant," "orthogonal," "perpendicular," or "parallel." That is, the above expressions allow for deviations, such as manufacturing precision or setting precision.

[0017] When machining a workpiece using a cutting tool, chips are generated. When changing the cutting insert mounted on the tool body, these chips sometimes enter the threaded hole in the tool body through the through-hole of the cutting insert. When the chips enter the threaded hole, they sometimes get stuck between the threaded hole and the screw component when the screw is threaded into the threaded hole. In such cases, there is a concern that the cutting insert may not be adequately secured relative to the tool body.

[0018] Thus, there is room for further improvement in the way cutting inserts are stably fixed to the tool body in previous technologies.

[0019] Therefore, there is a desire to develop a technology that can overcome the aforementioned problems and achieve more stable fixation.

[0020] <First Implementation>

[0021] First, an example of the blade involved in the first embodiment will be described. Figure 1 This is a three-view view showing an example of the blade according to the first embodiment. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the blade 1 according to the first embodiment has a blade body 10. The blade 1 is used for cutting the workpiece.

[0022] The blade body 10 is, for example, a hexahedron having an upper surface 11, a lower surface 12, and four side surfaces 13. The upper surface 11 is an example of a first surface. The lower surface 12 is an example of a second surface. The lower surface 12 is located on the side opposite to the upper surface 11. The four side surfaces 13 are located between the upper surface 11 and the lower surface 12. The shapes of the upper surface 11 and the lower surface 12 are, for example, parallelograms (in...). Figure 1 The center is a square. The shape of each side 13 is, for example, a rectangle.

[0023] The blade body 10 has a central portion that allows the blade body 10 to move vertically (alongside) relative to the blade body 10. Figure 1 A through hole 20 (orthogonal to the plane of the paper) is formed. The through hole 20 has openings on the upper surface 11 and the lower surface 12. A screw 75 for mounting the blade 1 to the tool holder 70 (described later) is inserted into the through hole 20. Figure 7 Details regarding the through hole 20 will be provided later.

[0024] The blade body 10 has a cutting edge 30 at one or two corners. The cutting edge 30 is disposed at at least a portion of the portion where the upper surface 11 intersects with the side surface 13 or at least a portion of the portion where the lower surface 12 intersects with the side surface 13.

[0025] For example, such as Figure 1 As shown, when the cutting edge 30 is located at least a portion of the intersection of the upper surface 11 and the side surface 13, the upper surface 11 functions as the so-called rake face, and the side surface 13 functions as the so-called flank face. The insert 1 cuts the workpiece by bringing the cutting edge 30 into contact with it.

[0026] The material of the insert body 10 is, for example, cemented carbide. The cemented carbide contains at least W (tungsten). The W-containing cemented carbide may contain a hard phase, which includes WC (tungsten carbide). The cemented carbide may also contain a binder phase, which includes at least one of the iron group elements such as Ni (nickel) and Co (cobalt). As an example, the material of the insert body 10 is a WC-based cemented carbide in which hard particles composed of WC are the hard phase component and Co is the main component of the binder phase. When the material of the insert body 10 is cemented carbide, the insert body 10 has superior heat resistance properties.

[0027] The material of the blade body 10 can also be a cermet. Cermets may contain, for example, Ti (titanium). Ti-containing cermets may contain, for example, TiC (titanium carbide) or TiN (titanium nitride). Cermets may also contain at least one of the iron group elements such as Ni and Co.

[0028] The material of the blade body 10 can also be ceramic. The ceramic may contain, for example, Al2O3 (alumina). The Al2O3 may contain, for example, κ-Al2O3 and α-Al2O3. The ceramic may also contain other elements relative to alumina. For example, the ceramic may also contain, in addition to alumina, at least one of magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), silicon (Si), and elements from Group 3 of the periodic table.

[0029] The blade body 10 can be composed of one component or multiple components. For example, such as... Figure 1 As shown in the example, the blade body 10 may also have a base 10a and multiple cutting portions 10b. The base 10a may also be made of the aforementioned cemented carbide, cermet, or ceramic.

[0030] The material of the cutting part 10b can also be a cubic boron nitride sintered body containing cubic boron nitride (cBN) particles. The material of the cutting part 10b is not limited to cubic boron nitride (cBN) particles; it can also contain hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), rhombohedral boron nitride (rBN), or wurtzite boron nitride (wBN) particles. Alternatively, the material of the cutting part 10b can also be polycrystalline diamond (PCD).

[0031] Figure 1 The shape of the blade 1 shown is a simple example and does not limit the shape of the blade 1 disclosed herein. For example, the shape of the upper surface 11 and the lower surface 12 of the blade body 10 may also be rhomboid. For example, the cutting edge 30 may also be provided on at least a portion of the portion where the upper surface 11 intersects with the side surface 13 and at least a portion of the portion where the lower surface 12 intersects with the side surface 13.

[0032] The blade 1 may also include a coating on the blade body 10. The coating coats at least a portion of the surface of the blade body 10. In this case, the wear resistance and heat resistance of the blade body 10 can be improved.

[0033] Coatings, for example, contain Al a Ti b M cThe coating comprises at least one nonmetal selected from carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. M is at least one metal selected from groups 4, 5, and 6 of the periodic table (excluding chromium (Cr)) and silicon (Si). a, b, and c are 0 ≤ a ≤ 65 and 0 ≤ b ≤ 100, and a + b + c = 100. As an example, the composition of the coating may also be AlTiWNbSiN. The notation AlTiWNbSiN indicates the type of structural element, not the atomic ratio of the structural elements. The coating may not necessarily contain M. In this case, the composition of the coating may also be AlTiN, for example. The notation AlTiN indicates the type of structural element, not the atomic ratio of the structural elements. The coating exhibits high hardness at high temperatures (e.g., 1100°C) and high oxidation resistance.

[0034] The coating thickness can be between 1 μm and 7 μm. Especially when the coating thickness is 1.5 μm or more, the wear resistance of the blade 1 can be improved more easily. When the coating thickness is 3 μm or less, the chipping resistance of the coating can be improved more easily.

[0035] Figure 2 It means along Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of an example of the cross section of blade 1 along line A-A'. Figure 3 It is Figure 2 An enlarged view of an example of region R shown.

[0036] like Figure 2 As shown, the inner surface of the through hole 20 of the blade body 10 of the blade 1 has a plurality of grooves 25. Each of the plurality of grooves 25 extends in a direction intersecting the central axis C of the through hole 20.

[0037] In this case, even if the chips from the workpiece generated during machining enter the through hole 20 of the insert body 10 of the insert 1, the chips are more likely to get stuck in the multiple grooves 25 provided on the inner surface of the through hole 20. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the amount of chips entering the tool holder 70 (refer to the tool holder 70 of the insert 1). Figure 7 This is the case with the threaded hole. Therefore, the blade 1 can be more stably fixed to the tool holder 70.

[0038] When machining the workpiece, the cutting tool 1 may become very hot. To cool the cutting tool 1, a coolant can flow through the through-hole 20 of the cutting tool body 10. Examples of coolants include liquids such as water and oil. When the inner surface of the through-hole 20 of the cutting tool body 10 has multiple grooves 25, the coolant can enter these grooves. Therefore, the inner surface of the through-hole 20 of the cutting tool body 10 can be cooled more effectively.

[0039] Sometimes, as Figure 2 As shown, each of the plurality of slots 25 extends in a direction orthogonal to the direction relative to the central axis C. Here, "orthogonal to the direction relative to the central axis C" includes both strictly orthogonal to the direction relative to the central axis C and substantially orthogonal to the direction relative to the central axis C. Substantially orthogonal to the direction relative to the central axis C means that the angle between the direction in which each of the plurality of slots 25 extends and the direction relative to the central axis C is more than 85 degrees and less than 90 degrees.

[0040] In this case, chips are more easily caught in the multiple grooves 25 provided on the inner surface of the through hole 20. Therefore, the possibility of chips entering the threaded hole of the tool holder 70 where the insert 1 is mounted can be further reduced. Even if chips do enter the through hole 20 of the insert body 10, they can be more easily removed from the through hole 20 of the insert body 10. Therefore, the insert 1 can be more stably fixed to the tool holder 70.

[0041] Sometimes, as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, each of the multiple slots 25 has an annular shape. Here, "having an annular shape" includes both strictly annular and substantially annular shapes. A substantially annular shape means that the roundness of the annulus / average diameter of the annulus is 0.15 or less. The design value for the annulus diameter can be used as the average diameter of the annulus.

[0042] In this case, chips are more easily caught in the multiple grooves 25 provided on the inner surface of the through hole 20. Therefore, the possibility of chips entering the threaded hole of the tool holder 70 where the insert 1 is mounted can be further reduced. Even if chips do enter the through hole 20 of the insert body 10, they can be more easily removed from the through hole 20 of the insert body 10. Therefore, the insert 1 can be more stably fixed to the tool holder 70.

[0043] Sometimes, as Figure 3 As shown, the spacing D of the plurality of slots 25 along the direction of the central axis C is constant. Here, "the spacing D of the plurality of slots 25 is constant" includes both strictly constant spacing D of the plurality of slots 25 and substantially constant spacing D of the plurality of slots 25. Substantially constant spacing D of the plurality of slots 25 means that the standard deviation of spacing D of the plurality of slots 25 / the average of spacing D of the plurality of slots 25 is less than 0.1.

[0044] In this case, it is possible to reduce the use of screw 75 (refer to) Figure 7 When fixing the blade 1 to the tool holder 70, the uneven load applied by the screw 75 inserted into the through hole 20 to the multiple grooves 25 provided on the inner surface of the through hole 20 is reduced. Therefore, damage to the multiple grooves 25 provided on the inner surface of the through hole 20 can be reduced. As a result, the blade 1 can be more stably fixed to the tool holder 70.

[0045] Sometimes, as Figure 3 As shown, the spacing D of adjacent slots 25 in the direction of the central axis C is greater than the depth d of adjacent slots in the direction intersecting the direction of the central axis C. When the multiple slots 25 extend in directions orthogonal to the direction of the central axis C, sometimes the spacing D of adjacent slots 25 in the direction of the central axis C is greater than the depth d of adjacent slots in the direction orthogonal to the direction of the central axis C.

[0046] Even if chips enter the multiple grooves 25 provided on the inner surface of the through hole 20 of the blade body 10, the chips can be removed more easily from the multiple grooves 25. Therefore, the blade 1 can be more stably fixed to the tool holder 70.

[0047] Next, an example of the blade manufacturing method according to the first embodiment will be described. Figure 4A and Figure 4B This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of the blade manufacturing method according to the first embodiment.

[0048] First, inorganic material granules are prepared as raw materials for forming the blade body 10 of the blade 1. An appropriate flow agent or the like is added to the prepared inorganic material granules, thereby obtaining a mixture of the inorganic material granules and the flow agent or the like. The flow agent may also be a binder used for sintering inorganic materials.

[0049] Next, the resulting mixture is fed into the nozzle of a thermal dissolution stacking (FDM) 3D printer. The inorganic material particles in the mixture fed into the nozzle are melted by heating within the nozzle. This generates a fluid containing the molten inorganic material particles and a flow agent, etc.

[0050] Next, the nozzle is moved according to a predetermined pattern for forming the blade body 10, and fluid is extruded from the nozzle, thereby forming a layer of fluid according to the predetermined pattern. By repeatedly performing the process of forming the fluid layer into such a predetermined pattern, a shape of the blade body 10 with through holes 20 is obtained.

[0051] For example, such as Figure 4A As shown, the nozzle is moved from one corner of the blade body 10 as indicated by the arrow, and fluid 40 is extruded from the nozzle.

[0052] Specifically, the nozzle is moved along a first direction, and fluid 40 is extruded from the nozzle, thereby forming a line of fluid 40 extending along the first direction. Next, the nozzle is moved along a second direction orthogonal to the first direction by an amount corresponding to the width of the line of fluid 40. Next, the nozzle is moved in the opposite direction to the first direction, and fluid 40 is extruded from the nozzle, thereby forming a line of fluid 40 adjacent to the previously formed line of fluid 40.

[0053] However, regarding the portion corresponding to the through hole 20 of the blade body 10, fluid 40 is not extruded from the nozzle, causing the nozzle to move. This process of forming a line of fluid 40 is repeated, thereby forming a first layer corresponding to the blade body 10 with the through hole 20.

[0054] Next, as Figure 4B As shown, the nozzle is moved from one corner of the blade body 10 as indicated by the arrow, and fluid 40 is extruded from the nozzle into the first layer.

[0055] Specifically, the nozzle is moved along the second direction, and fluid 40 is extruded from the nozzle, thereby forming a line of fluid 40 extending along the second direction. Next, the nozzle is moved along a first direction orthogonal to the second direction by an amount corresponding to the width of the line of fluid 40. Next, the nozzle is moved in the opposite direction to the second direction, and fluid 40 is extruded from the nozzle, thereby forming a line of fluid 40 adjacent to the previously formed line of fluid 40.

[0056] However, regarding the portion corresponding to the through hole 20 of the blade body 10, fluid 40 is not extruded from the nozzle, causing the nozzle to move. This process is repeated to form a line of fluid 40, thereby forming a second layer corresponding to the blade body 10 with the through hole 20.

[0057] Next, as Figure 4A As shown, the nozzle is moved from one corner of the blade body 10 as indicated by the arrow, and fluid 40 is extruded from the nozzle into the second layer. This is repeated... Figure 4A The process shown and Figure 4B The process shown yields a blade body 10 with a through hole 2.

[0058] Next, a sintered body of the blade body 10 with through holes 2 is obtained by firing the resulting blade body 10 in a vacuum or a non-oxidizing atmosphere. The surface of the sintered body of the obtained blade body 10 may also be ground or honed.

[0059] Subsequently, a coating film can also be formed on the surface of the sintered body of the blade body 10 using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or physical vapor deposition (PVD).

[0060] This enables the manufacture of blade 1, which includes blade body 10 having a through hole 2.

[0061] <Second Implementation>

[0062] Next, an example of the blade involved in the second embodiment will be described. Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the cross-section of the blade according to the second embodiment.

[0063] like Figure 5 As shown, in the blade body 10A of the blade 1A according to the second embodiment, the average value of the spacing of the plurality of grooves 25A in the region R1 on the side of the upper surface 11 in the direction of the central axis C is different from the average value of the spacing of the plurality of grooves 25A in the region R2 on the side of the lower surface 12 in the direction of the central axis C.

[0064] In this case, chips of different sizes can easily get caught in the multiple slots 25A in region R1 and the multiple slots 25B in region R2. That is, chips of various sizes can easily get caught in the multiple slots 25A in region R1 and the multiple slots 25A in region R2. Therefore, it is possible to further reduce the amount of chips entering the tool holder 70 of the mounting insert 1A (see reference). Figure 7 This is the case with the threaded hole. Therefore, the insert 1A can be more stably fixed to the tool holder 70.

[0065] For example, such as Figure 5 As shown, in the blade 1A, the average spacing of the plurality of grooves 25A in the region R1 on the side of the upper surface 11 in the direction of the central axis C is greater than the average spacing of the plurality of grooves 25A in the region R2 on the side of the lower surface 12 in the direction of the central axis C.

[0066] In this case, relatively large chips tend to get stuck in the multiple slots 25A in region R1. Relatively small chips tend to get stuck in the multiple slots 25B in region R2. That is, chips of various sizes tend to get stuck in the multiple slots 25A in both region R1 and region R2. Therefore, it is possible to further reduce the amount of chips entering the tool holder 70 of the mounting insert 1A (see reference). Figure 7 This is the case with the threaded hole. Therefore, the insert 1A can be more stably fixed to the tool holder 70.

[0067] like Figure 5As shown, in the blade body 10A of the blade 1A according to the second embodiment, the average value D1 of the spacing of the plurality of grooves 25A in the region R1' on the side of the upper surface 11 in the direction of the central axis C, the average value D2 of the spacing of the plurality of grooves 25A in the region R2' on the side of the lower surface 12 in the direction of the central axis C, and the average value Dc of the spacing of the plurality of grooves 25A in the central region Rc located between the region R1' on the side of the upper surface 11 and the region R2' on the side of the lower surface 12 in the direction of the central axis C satisfy the relationship D1>Dc>D2.

[0068] In this case, relatively large chips tend to get stuck in the multiple slots 25A in region R1'. Relatively medium-sized chips tend to get stuck in the multiple slots 25A in region Rc'. Relatively small chips tend to get stuck in the multiple slots 25B in region R2'.

[0069] That is, chips of various sizes can easily get caught in the multiple slots 25A in region R1', the multiple slots 25A in region Rc', and the multiple slots 25A in region R2'. Therefore, it is possible to further reduce the amount of chips entering the tool holder 70 of the mounting insert 1A (see reference). Figure 7 This is the case with the threaded hole. Therefore, the insert 1A can be more stably fixed to the tool holder 70.

[0070] The blade 1A according to the second embodiment is manufactured by the same method as the blade 1 according to the first embodiment. However, in the manufacturing method of the blade 1A according to the second embodiment, when obtaining the mixture of inorganic material granules and fluidizing agent, the amount of appropriate fluidizing agent added to the inorganic material granules is increased. In this case, the fluidity of the fluid containing the molten inorganic material granules and fluidizing agent can be increased.

[0071] By using a fluid with increased fluidity, the fluid layer thickness in region R1 on the upper surface 11 side is relatively large due to the fluid's own weight, while the fluid layer thickness in region R2 on the lower surface 12 side is relatively small. As a result, the average spacing of the plurality of grooves 25A in region R1 on the upper surface 11 side is larger than the average spacing of the plurality of grooves 25A in region R2 on the lower surface 12 side. Similarly, by using a fluid with increased fluidity, it is possible to form a plurality of grooves 25A that satisfy the relationship D1 > Dc > D2.

[0072] The thickness of the fluid layer is not limited to the methods described above. For example, when preparing the mixture for layering fluids, two types of fluids with different fluidities can be prepared by changing the composition and / or content of the fluidizing agent. Alternatively, a fluid with relatively low fluidity can be used to form the layer in region R2 on the lower surface 12 side, and a fluid with relatively high fluidity can be used to form the layer in region R1 on the upper surface 11 side, and these two layers can be stacked to create the shape of the blade 1A.

[0073] <Third Implementation Method>

[0074] Next, an example of the blade involved in the third embodiment will be described. Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the cross-section of the blade according to the third embodiment.

[0075] like Figure 6 As shown, in the blade body 10B of the blade 1B according to the third embodiment, the through hole 20 has a first opening 21 on the upper surface 11 and a second opening 22 on the lower surface 12. The inner surface of the through hole 20 of the blade body 10B has a tapered surface 50 and an inner circumferential surface 60. The tapered surface 50 has a diameter that decreases from the first opening 21 toward the interior of the blade body 10B in the direction of the central axis C. The inner circumferential surface 60 extends from the end of the tapered surface 50 on the lower surface 12 side in a direction parallel to the central axis C to the second opening 22. A plurality of grooves 25B are located on the inner circumferential surface 60. On the other hand, none of the plurality of grooves 25 are provided on the tapered surface 50.

[0076] In this case, using screw 75 (refer to...) Figure 7 When fixing the insert 1B to the tool holder 70, the tapered surface of the screw 75 contacts and secures the tapered surface 50 of any of the multiple slots 25B that are not provided. Therefore, the insert 1B can be more securely fixed to the tool holder 70 using the screw 75 while the multiple slots 25B are used to suppress chips from entering the threaded hole. Thus, the insert 1B can be further and more stably fixed to the tool holder 70.

[0077] The inner surface of the through hole 20 of the blade body 10B has an inner circumferential surface 60 extending from the end of the tapered surface 50 on the lower surface 12 side in a direction parallel to the central axis C to the second opening 22, and a plurality of grooves 25B are located on the inner circumferential surface 60. In this case, when the blade 1B is fixed to the tool holder 70 with a screw 75, the tapered surface of the screw 75 does not contact the inner circumferential surface 60 where the plurality of grooves 25B are arranged. Therefore, damage to the plurality of grooves 25B provided on the inner surface of the through hole 20 can be reduced.

[0078] By reducing defects in the multiple slots 25B, chips can more easily be caught in the multiple slots 25B provided on the inner surface of the through hole 20. Therefore, the possibility of chips entering the threaded hole of the tool holder 70 where the insert 1B is mounted can be further reduced. Even if chips enter the through hole 20 of the insert body 10B from the upper surface 11 side, damage to the multiple slots 25B caused by chips can be reduced because the multiple slots 25B are located away from the upper surface 11. Therefore, the insert 1B can be more stably fixed to the tool holder 70.

[0079] The blade 1B according to the third embodiment is manufactured by the same method as the blade 1 according to the first embodiment. However, in the manufacturing method of the blade 1B according to the third embodiment, after obtaining a sintered body of the blade body with a through hole, a tapered surface 50 may be formed on the surface (upper surface 11) of the obtained sintered body of the blade body by using a drill bit or a reamer.

[0080] <Cutting Tools>

[0081] Next, refer to Figure 7 To illustrate the cutting tool having the aforementioned insert 1. Figure 7 This is a front view showing an example of a cutting tool involved in this embodiment.

[0082] like Figure 7 As shown, the cutting tool 100 according to this embodiment has a cutting blade 1 and a tool holder 70 for fixing the cutting blade 1.

[0083] The handle 70 is from the front end ( Figure 7 (upper end) towards the rear end ( Figure 7 A rod-shaped component extending from the lower end of the handle. The handle 70 is, for example, made of steel or cast iron. High-toughness steel can also be used among these materials.

[0084] The tool holder 70 has a slot 73 at its end on the front side. The slot 73 is for mounting the cutting insert 1 and has a seat surface intersecting the rotation direction of the workpiece being cut, and a constraint side surface inclined relative to the seat surface. A threaded hole is provided on the seat surface for engaging the screw 75, which will be described later.

[0085] The cutting insert 1 is located in the slot 73 of the tool holder 70 and is mounted to the tool holder 70 by a screw 75. That is, the screw 75 is inserted into the through hole 20 of the cutting insert 1, and the front end of the screw 75 is inserted into the threaded hole formed in the seat surface of the slot 73 and the threads are screwed together. Thus, the cutting insert 1 is mounted to the tool holder 70 such that the cutting edge 30 protrudes outward from the tool holder 70.

[0086] Cutting processes that use cutting tools include, for example, turning and milling. Turning processes include, for example, internal diameter machining, external diameter machining, grooving, and parting. Milling processes include, for example, face milling, flat milling, side milling, and slot milling, as well as end mill machining with single-flute, multi-flute, tapered, and ball end mills.

[0087] In this embodiment, a cutting tool 100 for so-called turning is illustrated, but the cutting tool is not limited to turning. For example, insert 1 may also be used as a cutting tool for milling. Examples of cutting tools for milling include end mills such as face mills, front end mills, side end mills, or grooving end mills, as well as end mills such as single-flute end mills, multi-flute end mills, tapered end mills, or ball end mills.

[0088] Turning is performed using a lathe. Turning includes a process of rotating the workpiece, a process of removing the surface of the rotating workpiece by bringing a fixed cutting tool 100 into contact with it, and a process of removing the cutting tool 100 from the workpiece. By machining the workpiece into a desired rotationally symmetrical shape, a rotationally symmetrical workpiece can be manufactured. Milling is performed using a milling machine. Milling includes a process of rotating the cutting tool 100, a process of removing the fixed workpiece by bringing the rotating cutting tool 100 into contact with it, and a process of removing the cutting tool 100 from the workpiece. By machining the workpiece into a desired shape, a workpiece can be manufactured.

[0089] In this embodiment, an example is shown where the upper and lower surfaces of the cutting tool 100 are parallelograms. The shapes of the upper and lower surfaces of the cutting tool 100 can also be rhombuses, squares, etc. The shapes of the upper and lower surfaces of the cutting tool 100 can also be triangles, pentagons, hexagons, etc. The shape of the cutting tool 100 can be positive or negative. A positive shape is one where the side surface is inclined relative to the central axis passing through the center of the upper and lower surfaces of the cutting tool 100; a negative shape is one where the side surface is parallel to the aforementioned central axis.

[0090] <Methods for Manufacturing Machined Work>

[0091] Next, refer to Figure 8A , Figure 8B and Figure 8C This describes a method for manufacturing a workpiece that involves cutting, according to the embodiments. Figure 8A , Figure 8B and Figure 8CThis is a schematic diagram illustrating one step of a method for manufacturing a workpiece according to an embodiment.

[0092] The workpiece 200 is manufactured by machining the workpiece 201. Figure 8A , Figure 8B and Figure 8C The figure illustrates a turning process performed using a lathe, as an example of a cutting process. The method for manufacturing the machined workpiece 200 in the embodiment includes:

[0093] The process of rotating the workpiece 201 (process A);

[0094] The process of bringing the workpiece 201 into contact with the cutting tool 100 (process B); and

[0095] The process of moving the cutting tool 100 away from the workpiece 201 (process C).

[0096] More specifically, firstly, such as Figure 8A As shown, the workpiece 201 is rotated about axis O1 and brought closer to the cutting tool 100. Next, as... Figure 8B As shown, the cutting edge of the insert 1 is brought into contact with the workpiece 201, and the workpiece 201 is cut. Next, as... Figure 8C As shown, the cutting tool 100 is moved relatively away from the workpiece 201.

[0097] exist Figure 8A In this process, with the shaft O1 fixed and the workpiece 201 rotated, the cutting tool 100 is moved along the Y1 direction, thereby approaching the workpiece 201. Figure 8B In this process, the cutting edge of the insert 1 contacts the rotating workpiece 201, thereby cutting the workpiece 201. Figure 8C In the process, the cutting tool 100 moves away along the Y2 direction while the workpiece 201 is rotated.

[0098] In the cutting process of the method for manufacturing a workpiece according to the embodiments, in each step, the cutting tool 100 is moved to contact the workpiece 201 or to move away from the workpiece 201. However, the method for manufacturing a workpiece is not limited to this form.

[0099] For example, in step A, the workpiece 201 may be brought closer to the cutting tool 100. Similarly, in step C, the workpiece 201 may be moved away from the cutting tool 100. While continuing the cutting process, the workpiece 201 is kept rotating, and the cutting edge of the cutting tool 100 is repeatedly brought into contact with different parts of the workpiece 201.

[0100] In the case of milling instead of turning, the cutting tool can be rotated around the axis of rotation in step A. Furthermore, in step B, the workpiece 201 can be brought into contact with the cutting edge of the rotating insert 1, thereby cutting the workpiece 201. Moreover, in step C, the cutting tool can be moved away from the workpiece 201. Milling can also be performed using a milling machine.

[0101] Representative examples of the material of the workpiece 201 include carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless steel, cast iron, or non-ferrous metals.

[0102] Example

[0103] The embodiments of this disclosure are described in detail below. This disclosure is not limited to the embodiments shown below.

[0104] (Example)

[0105] First, granules of superhard material with a size of 2-4 mm are prepared as raw materials for forming the blade body of the blade involved in the embodiment. Stearic acid, as a flow agent, is added to the prepared superhard material granules to obtain a mixture of superhard material granules and stearic acid.

[0106] Next, the resulting mixture is fed into the nozzle of a thermally melted stacking (FDM) 3D printer, thereby generating a fluid containing granules of superhard raw material molten at a temperature of 170°C and stearic acid.

[0107] Next, repeat the steps as follows Figure 4A and Figure 4B The process of forming the first and second layers of the fluid as shown in the pattern results in a shape with a blade body having a through hole.

[0108] Next, the resulting blade body is heated in a so-called debonding process to remove the binder components, and then sintered, for example, in a vacuum or in an argon (Ar) atmosphere at 1350°C to 1600°C, to obtain a sintered body with a through-hole. This enables the manufacture of blades comprising a blade body with a through-hole.

[0109] The inner surface of the through-hole of the manufactured blade body has multiple grooves, each extending orthogonal to the direction orthogonal to the central axis of the through-hole. Each groove has an annular shape. The spacing between adjacent grooves along the central axis of the through-hole is greater than the depth of adjacent grooves in the direction orthogonal to the central axis.

[0110] The average spacing D1 of multiple slots in the region on the upper surface side of the central axis, the average spacing D2 of multiple slots in the region on the lower surface side of the central axis, and the average spacing Dc of multiple slots in the central region of the central axis satisfy the relationship D1>Dc>D2.

[0111] This technology can adopt the following structure.

[0112] (1) A blade, wherein,

[0113] The blade has:

[0114] Blade body; and

[0115] A through hole penetrating the blade body,

[0116] The inner surface of the through hole of the blade body has a plurality of grooves, each of which extends in a direction intersecting the central axis of the through hole.

[0117] (2) The blade according to (1), wherein,

[0118] Each of the plurality of grooves extends in a direction orthogonal to the direction relative to the central axis.

[0119] (3) The blade according to (1) or (2), wherein,

[0120] Each of the plurality of grooves has a circular shape.

[0121] (4) The blade according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein,

[0122] The spacing between the plurality of slots along the direction of the central axis is constant.

[0123] (5) The blade according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein,

[0124] The blade body has a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface.

[0125] The average value of the spacing of the plurality of slots in the region on the first surface side of the direction of the central axis is different from the average value of the spacing of the plurality of slots in the region on the second surface side of the direction of the central axis.

[0126] (6) The blade according to (5), wherein,

[0127] The blade body has a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface.

[0128] The average value D1 of the spacing of the plurality of slots in the region on the first face side along the direction of the central axis, the average value D2 of the spacing of the plurality of slots in the region on the second face side along the direction of the central axis, and the average value Dc of the spacing of the plurality of slots in the region located in the center between the region on the first face side and the region on the second face side along the direction of the central axis satisfy the relationship D1 > Dc > D2.

[0129] (7) The blade according to any one of (1) to (6), wherein,

[0130] The spacing between adjacent slots in the direction of the central axis is greater than the depth of adjacent slots in the direction intersecting the direction of the central axis.

[0131] (8) The blade according to any one of (1) to (7), wherein,

[0132] The blade body has a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface.

[0133] The through hole has a first opening on the first surface and a second opening on the second surface.

[0134] The inner surface of the through hole of the blade body has a tapered surface and an inner circumferential surface. The tapered surface has a diameter that decreases in the direction of the central axis as it approaches the interior of the blade body from the first opening. The inner circumferential surface extends from the end of the tapered surface on the second surface side in a direction parallel to the central axis to the second opening.

[0135] The plurality of grooves are located on the inner circumferential surface.

[0136] (9) A cutting tool, wherein,

[0137] The cutting tool includes:

[0138] A handle extending from the front end to the rear end, and having a slot located on the front end side; and

[0139] The blade of any one of (1) to (8) is located in the slot.

[0140] (10) A method for manufacturing a workpiece that has been machined, wherein,

[0141] The method for manufacturing the workpiece includes:

[0142] The process of rotating the workpiece or the cutting tool described in (9);

[0143] The process of bringing the workpiece into contact with the cutting tool; and

[0144] The process of moving the cutting tool away from the workpiece.

[0145] Further effects and / or variations can be readily derived by those skilled in the art. Therefore, the broader scope of the invention is not limited to the specific details and representative embodiments shown and described above. Thus, various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the overall concept of the invention as defined by the appended technical solutions and their equivalents.

[0146] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0147] Blades 1, 1A, 1B

[0148] 10, 10A, 10B Blade Body

[0149] 10a matrix

[0150] 10b Cutting section

[0151] 11. Top surface

[0152] 12 Lower surface

[0153] 13 Side View

[0154] 20 Through Holes

[0155] 21 First Opening

[0156] 22 Second opening

[0157] 25, 25A slots

[0158] 30 Cutting edge

[0159] 40 Fluid

[0160] 50 Conical Surface

[0161] 60 Inner circumferential surface

[0162] 70 Knife Handle

[0163] 73 Card Slots

[0164] 75 screws

[0165] 100 Cutting Tools

[0166] C Central axis

[0167] Regions R, R1, R2, R1', R2', Rc

[0168] D interval

[0169] d. Depth.

Claims

1. A blade, wherein, The blade has: Blade body; and A through hole penetrating the blade body, The inner surface of the through hole of the blade body has a plurality of grooves, each of which extends in a direction intersecting the central axis of the through hole.

2. The blade according to claim 1, wherein, Each of the plurality of grooves extends in a direction orthogonal to the direction relative to the central axis.

3. The blade according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, Each of the plurality of grooves has a circular shape.

4. The blade according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, The spacing between the plurality of slots along the direction of the central axis is constant.

5. The blade according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, The blade body has a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface. The average value of the spacing of the plurality of slots in the region on the first surface side of the direction of the central axis is different from the average value of the spacing of the plurality of slots in the region on the second surface side of the direction of the central axis.

6. The blade according to claim 5, wherein, The blade body has a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface. The average value D1 of the spacing of the plurality of slots in the region on the first face side in the direction of the central axis, the average value D2 of the spacing of the plurality of slots in the region on the second face side in the direction of the central axis, and the average value Dc of the spacing of the plurality of slots in the region located in the center between the region on the first face side and the region on the second face side in the direction of the central axis satisfy the relationship D1>Dc>D2.

7. The blade according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein, The spacing between adjacent slots in the direction of the central axis is greater than the depth of adjacent slots in the direction intersecting the direction of the central axis.

8. The blade according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein, The blade body has a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface. The through hole has a first opening on the first surface and a second opening on the second surface. The inner surface of the through hole of the blade body has a tapered surface and an inner circumferential surface. The tapered surface has a diameter that decreases in the direction of the central axis from the first opening toward the interior of the blade body. The inner circumferential surface extends from the end of the tapered surface on the second surface side in a direction parallel to the central axis to the second opening. The plurality of grooves are located on the inner circumferential surface.

9. A cutting tool, wherein, The cutting tool includes: A handle extending from the front end to the rear end, and having a slot located on the front end side; and The blade according to any one of claims 1 to 8, which is located in the slot.

10. A method for manufacturing a workpiece that has been machined by cutting, wherein, The method for manufacturing the workpiece includes: The process of rotating the workpiece or the cutting tool as described in claim 9; The process of bringing the workpiece into contact with the cutting tool; and The process of moving the cutting tool away from the workpiece.

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