Homogenized bulk automotive shredder residue as a chemical recycling feedstock

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for conditioning automotive shredder residue into a feedstock stream, the method comprising the steps of shredding a first vehicle comprising polymeric vehicle parts at a first location to produce a first automotive shredder residue ("first ASR") comprising a mixture of plastic pieces; shredding a further vehicle at a further location to produce a further automotive shredder residue ("further ASR"); transporting the first ASR and the further ASR to a storage site at a blending location; and blending the first ASR and the further ASR to obtain a homogenized automotive shredder residue. The invention further relates to a method for conditioning automotive shredder residue into a feedstock stream, the method comprising the step of recycling the homogenized automotive shredder residue by pyrolysis, depolymerization or gasification, wherein the homogenized automotive shredder residue is obtainable by shredding a first vehicle comprising polymeric vehicle parts at a first location to produce a first automotive shredder residue comprising a mixture of plastic pieces; shredding a further vehicle at a further location to produce a further automotive shredder residence; transporting the first ASR and the further ASR to a storage site at a blending location; blending the first ASR and the further ASR to obtain a homogenized automotive shredder residence. The invention further relates to a homogenized automotive shredder residue having a degree of mixing of at least 0.7.

Description

[0001] This invention relates to a method for conditioning automotive slag into a feed stream, the method comprising the steps of: crushing a first vehicle containing polymer vehicle parts at a first location to produce a first automotive slag containing a mixture of plastic fragments (also referred to as "first ASR"); crushing another vehicle at a separate location to produce another automotive slag (also referred to as "another ASR"); transporting the first ASR and the other ASR to a storage location at a blending location; and blending the first ASR and the other ASR to obtain homogenized automotive slag. The invention also relates to a method for conditioning automotive slag into a feed stream, the method comprising the step of recycling the homogenized automotive slag by pyrolysis, depolymerization, or gasification, wherein the homogenized automotive slag is obtained by: crushing a first vehicle containing polymer vehicle parts at a first location to produce a first automotive slag containing a mixture of plastic fragments; crushing another vehicle at a separate location to produce another automotive slag; transporting the first ASR and the other ASR to a storage location at a blending location; and blending the first ASR and the other ASR to obtain homogenized automotive slag. The present invention also relates to homogenized automotive debris having a mixing degree of at least 0.7.

[0002] The recycling of automotive debris (ASR) faces several challenges that hinder its efficient and effective recycling. ASR is typically a complex mixture of materials, including metals, plastics, rubber, glass, and various organic and inorganic compounds. This diverse composition makes it difficult to separate and recycle the individual components, resulting in suboptimal recycling rates. Without proper separation, valuable resources remain trapped within the ASR, limiting its recycling potential. Addressing these issues is crucial to improving the recycling of ASR and maximizing its potential as a valuable resource. Developing effective methods and systems that can efficiently separate and recycle the multiple components of ASR while safely managing and disposing of hazardous materials plays a vital role in promoting sustainability and the circular economy.

[0003] Typically, crushing companies are located throughout countries or continents, and the quality can vary greatly. When the composition of the ASR (Automatic Recycling Synthesis) composition varies significantly, the process parameters for recycling cannot be optimized or preset to the best process conditions for ASR. Furthermore, the quality of the product obtained after recycling will change, resulting in uneven final chemical products.

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the aforementioned problems.

[0005] EP 0692356 recommends recycling automotive debris by preparing composite materials containing ASR and virgin polymers.

[0006] Vijayan, SK; Kibria, MA; Uddin, MH; Bhattacharya, S. “Pretreatment of Automotive Shredder Residues, Their Chemical Characterization, and Pyrolysis Kinetics.” Sustainability 2021, 13, 10549. The study recommends recycling automotive shredder residues through pyrolysis.

[0007] Ezzat El Halabi, Mike Third, and Matthew Doolan, “Machine-based disismantling of end-of-life vehicles: A life cycle perspective,” Procedia, 29 (2015) 651-655, recommend recycling automotive shredder residues through machine-based dismantling.

[0008] Juliana Argente Caetano, Valdir Schalch, Javier Mazariegos Pablos, “Characterization and recycling of the fine fraction of automotive shredder residue (ASR) for concrete paving blocks production”, Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy (2020) 22:835-847, recommends recycling ASR by solidifying it with cement, gravel, and sand used in paving block production.

[0009] Won-Seok Yang et al., “Utilization of automobile shredder residue (ASR) as a reducing agent for the recovery of black copper”, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 33(4), 1267-1277 (2016), suggested recycling ASR by using it instead of lump coal as a reducing agent in copper production.

[0010] These objectives are achieved by a method for conditioning automotive debris into a feed stream, the method comprising the following steps:

[0011] a) Breaking a first vehicle containing polymer vehicle parts at a first location to produce a first automotive shredded residue (“first ASR”) containing a mixture of plastic fragments.

[0012] b) Destroy another vehicle at a different location to generate additional automotive debris (“another ASR”).

[0013] c) Transport the first ASR and the additional ASRs to the storage location at the blending site; and

[0014] d) Blend the first ASR with another ASR to obtain homogenized automotive debris.

[0015] This objective is also achieved by a homogenized automotive debris residue having a mixing degree of at least 0.7.

[0016] This objective is also achieved by a method for conditioning automotive debris into a feed stream, the method comprising:

[0017] The step of recycling homogenized automotive debris through pyrolysis, depolymerization, or gasification, wherein the homogenized automotive debris is obtained by the following:

[0018] a) Breaking a first vehicle containing polymer vehicle parts at a first location to produce a first automotive debris containing a mixture of plastic fragments;

[0019] b) Destroy another vehicle at a different location to generate additional automotive debris.

[0020] c) Transport the first ASR and the additional ASRs to the storage location at the blending site; and

[0021] d) Blend the first ASR with another ASR to obtain homogenized automotive debris.

[0022] Conditioning automotive debris into a feed stream generally means that the automotive debris is in better conditions for use as a feed stream compared to when it is not conditioned. The feed stream can be a feed stream intended for recycling processes (preferably through pyrolysis, depolymerization, or gasification).

[0023] Step a) includes crushing a first vehicle containing polymer vehicle parts at a first location to produce a first automotive shredded residue (“first ASR”) containing a mixture of plastic fragments.

[0024] The first location could be the site of the crushing company.

[0025] Automotive debris can be obtained through vehicle crushing, preferably through that process. More preferably, automotive debris can be obtained through vehicle decontamination, vehicle dismantling, vehicle crushing, and separation of metal particles from the crushed vehicle.

[0026] The vehicle is typically an end-of-life vehicle (also known as an "ELV"), typically at least 15 years old. The vehicle can be a passenger car, light or heavy-duty truck, motorcycle, multi-purpose vehicle, agricultural vehicle, or recreational vehicle. The vehicle can be an electric vehicle, such as a pure electric vehicle or a hybrid electric vehicle.

[0027] In vehicle decontamination, harmful liquids (such as fuel, lubricating oil, coolant, brake fluid) and batteries can be removed from the vehicle before crushing.

[0028] Vehicle dismantling can include the selective removal of parts such as engines, transmissions, tires, glass, and plastics for reuse as spare parts in the second-hand market. Dismantling can also include the removal of larger plastic components, such as bumpers, dashboards, and fluid containers, for individual recycling of the plastics.

[0029] ASR can include additional waste from other sources. For example, trash from a previous owner may be left in the trunk or inside the vehicle. The advantage of the method of this invention is that it can handle ASRs with a wide variety of compositions.

[0030] Crushing can be done using a vehicle shredder. Vehicle shredders are manufactured in various sizes. Typically, a vehicle shredder consists of a heavy-duty, high-speed rotating rotor that can rotate in a vertical or horizontal plane and is usually equipped with oscillating hammers. The vehicle shredder tears and crushes vehicle wreckage until its parts are reduced to fragments. The fragments can then pass through a grid and exit the rotor housing.

[0031] Metal fragments (such as ferrous and non-ferrous metal fragments) can be separated from wrecked vehicles. Ferrous metal fragments can be removed using magnetic separators. Non-ferrous metal fragments can be separated from wrecked vehicles using eddy current separators, density-based heavy media flotation devices, or manual sorting. Typically, 60–90 wt% of a vehicle's weight is metal, which can be separated from the wrecked vehicle.

[0032] The automotive debris can account for approximately 10-40 wt%, preferably 15-35 wt%, and especially 20-30 wt% of the original vehicle weight.

[0033] Automotive debris can include fragments of various polymer vehicle parts, such as bumpers, interior panels, dashboards, cable insulation, fuel tanks, electrical insulation materials, flexible foam seats, foam insulation panels, automotive suspension bushings, electrical potting compounds, body parts, pillar covers, polymer spoiler parts coated with automotive paint, wheel covers, gears, bushings, cams, bearings, weather-resistant coatings, interior and exterior trim, fuel systems, gear housings, headlight retainers, engine hoods, connector housings, door handles, carburetor components, exterior mirror components, windshield wiper components, windshield wiper protection housings, decorative grilles, hood strips, roof rails, window frames, sliding roof frames, antenna covers, headlights and taillights, radiator grilles and exterior body parts, engine hoods, cylinder head covers, intake manifolds, engine hoods, turbocharger housings, and fragments of turbocharger valves.

[0034] Automotive debris can contain fragments of various polymer vehicle parts, such as the following:

[0035] - Bumpers, interior panels, dashboards, cable insulation, and other components, which are typically made of polypropylene;

[0036] - Fuel tanks, electrical insulation materials, where these fragments are typically made of polyethylene;

[0037] - Flexible foam seats, foam insulation panels, automotive suspension bushings, electrical potting compounds, rigid plastic parts, transmission mounts, engine mounts, seals, and impact-resistant foam parts, among which these components are typically made of polyurethane;

[0038] - Body parts, dashboards, wheel covers, where these components are typically made of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene;

[0039] - Gears, bushings, cams, bearings, turbocharged air coolers, cylinder head covers, oil pans, engine cooling systems, thermostat and heater housings, exhaust systems including muffler and catalytic converter housings, intake manifolds, timing chain belt covers, where these components are typically made of nylon 6 or nylon 6.6.

[0040] - Interior and exterior trim, fuel systems, small gears, where these components are typically made of polyoxymethylene;

[0041] - Wiper arm and gear housings, headlight retainers, connector housings, where these components are typically made of polyethylene terephthalate; and

[0042] Door handles, bumpers, carburetor parts, and other components, among which these parts are typically made of polybutylene terephthalate (PET).

[0043] Automotive debris may contain at least 30 wt%, preferably at least 40 wt%, and particularly at least 50 wt% of fragments of polymer vehicle parts.

[0044] Automotive debris may contain at least 20 wt%, preferably at least 30 wt%, and particularly at least 40 wt% of fragments of polymer vehicle parts, which are black polymer vehicle parts. Black polymer vehicle parts typically contain carbon black pigment.

[0045] Automotive debris may contain up to 15 wt%, preferably up to 10 wt%, and particularly up to 5 wt% of metal fragments, such as ferrous and nonferrous metal particles.

[0046] Automotive debris may contain up to 15 wt%, preferably up to 10 wt%, and particularly up to 5 wt% of wood and cardboard.

[0047] Automotive debris may contain up to 15 wt%, preferably up to 10 wt%, and particularly up to 5 wt% of glass fragments, such as broken window glass fragments.

[0048] Vehicle crushing residue can be separated into crushed light fraction (SLF) and crushed heavy fraction (SHF). The separation of SLF and SHF can be achieved through air classification. Another method of air classification is through the rotary movement of the vehicle crusher, which creates a fan-shaped motion that blows out the crushed light fraction, while the crushed heavy fraction exits the vehicle crusher through a grille.

[0049] SLF can be present in an amount of 55-90 wt%, preferably 65-85 wt%, and particularly 70-80 wt% of automotive crushing residue. SHF can represent a balance to be made up to 100 wt%.

[0050] SHF can be present in amounts of 10-45 wt%, preferably 15-35 wt%, and particularly 20-30 wt% of automotive crushing residue. SLF can represent a remainder made up to 100 wt%.

[0051] SLF typically contains a lower weight percentage of rubber particles than SLF.

[0052] SLF typically contains a lower weight percentage of glass particles than SLF.

[0053] SLF typically contains a lower weight percentage of metal particles than SLF.

[0054] SLF typically contains a higher weight percentage of polyurethane foam particles than SLF.

[0055] SLF typically contains a lower weight percentage of solids and sand than SLF.

[0056] Crushing vehicles containing polymer vehicle parts produces automotive debris that includes a mixture of plastic fragments. This mixture typically contains fragments of various polymer vehicle parts.

[0057] The plastic fragment mixture may contain target plastic fragments and additional fragments. The additional fragments may be fragments of various polymer vehicle parts, metal fragments (such as ferrous and non-ferrous metal particles), wood and cardboard, or glass fragments. The plastic fragment mixture may contain at least 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, or 90 wt% of the target plastic fragments. The plastic fragment mixture may contain up to 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, or 90 wt% of additional fragments.

[0058] After step a) of crushing the vehicle to produce automotive debris and before step c), additional steps may be performed, such as...

[0059] - It can separate metal fragments (such as ferrous and non-ferrous metal fragments).

[0060] - It can separate automotive debris into lightweight fractions and heavy fractions; and / or

[0061] - This can subject automotive crushed residues, preferably crushed light fractions and / or crushed heavy fractions to an aqueous pretreatment selected from washing and aqueous density separation.

[0062] If automotive shredder residue is separated into light and heavy fractions, then the light or heavy fractions, or both SLF and SHF, can be used in place of the automotive shredder residue for any subsequent steps.

[0063] Preferably, after step a) and before step c), at least one additional step selected from the following is performed:

[0064] - Separate metal fragments (such as ferrous and nonferrous metal fragments) from ASR, SLF, and / or SHF; and / or

[0065] - Separate automotive debris into light fraction (SLF) and heavy fraction (SHF).

[0066] Preferably, after step a) and before step c), at least one additional step selected from the following is performed:

[0067] - subjecting automotive crushed residues, preferably crushed light fractions and / or crushed heavy fractions to an aqueous pretreatment selected from washing and aqueous density separation.

[0068] Preferably, after step a) and before step c), at least one additional step selected from the following is performed:

[0069] - Separate metal fragments (such as ferrous and nonferrous metal fragments) from ASR, SLF, and / or SHF.

[0070] - Separate the first automobile crushing residue into light crushing fraction (SLF) and heavy crushing fraction (SHF); and / or

[0071] - subjecting automotive crushed residues, preferably crushed light fractions and / or crushed heavy fractions to an aqueous pretreatment selected from washing and aqueous density separation.

[0072] In a preferred form, the method for recycling automotive debris further includes the following steps after step a) and before step c):

[0073] aa) Separate metal fragments from the first automobile crushing debris.

[0074] In another preferred form, the method for recycling automotive debris further includes the following steps after step a) and before step b):

[0075] ab) Separate the first automobile crushing residue into crushed light fraction and crushed heavy fraction.

[0076] In another preferred form, the method for recycling automotive debris further includes the following steps after step a) and before step b):

[0077] aa) Separating metal fragments from the first automobile crushing debris, and

[0078] ab) Separate automobile crushing residue into crushed light fraction and crushed heavy fraction.

[0079] Steps aa) and ab) can be performed in any order, or in parallel or repeatedly.

[0080] Steps aa), ab), and ac) can be performed in the first position, in another position, or in both.

[0081] In a preferred form, the method for recycling automotive debris further includes the following steps after step a) and before step c):

[0082] ac) subjecting the first automobile crushed residue, preferably crushed light fraction and / or crushed heavy fraction to an aqueous pretreatment selected from washing and aqueous density separation.

[0083] Aqueous pretreatment can be selected from washing, such as washing automotive debris, preferably crushing light fractions and / or crushing heavy fractions, with water (optionally containing washing additives such as surfactants or alkalis). Suitable surfactants are anionic, neutral, or cationic surfactants. Suitable alkalis are inorganic alkalis (e.g., sodium hydroxide) or organic alkalis. Washing can be achieved by spraying water onto the automotive debris, preferably crushing light fractions and / or crushing heavy fractions.

[0084] Steps aa), ab), or ac) can be performed using a first ASR, an additional ASR, or preferably both a first ASR and an additional ASR.

[0085] Aqueous pretreatment can be selected from aqueous density separation, such as in a hydrocyclone or via heavy media separation. The method may include a drying step, for example, following the aqueous pretreatment, such as drying wet automotive debris, wet crushed light fractions, and / or wet crushed heavy fractions. A suitable drying step is blowing air, which may be at ambient temperature or an elevated temperature.

[0086] This method may include a drying step, such as drying wet automotive debris, wet crushed light fractions, and / or wet crushed heavy fractions, following an aqueous pretreatment. A suitable drying step is blowing air, which may be at ambient temperature or an elevated temperature.

[0087] This method typically includes a drying step, for example, to obtain a transport fraction or automotive crush residue having a water content of less than 10 wt%, preferably less than 6 wt%, and particularly less than 3 wt%. In another form, the homogenized automotive crush residue has a water content of less than 10 wt%, preferably less than 6 wt%, and particularly less than 3 wt%.

[0088] The drying step can be drying automotive debris, drying transport fractions, or both.

[0089] At least two batches, such as 2, 3, 4, or 5 batches of the first ASR, can be blended at the first position. The blending of at least two batches of the first ASR can be carried out using the blending method described for step d). Blending can be carried out by continuous blending or batch blending, with continuous blending being preferred. Suitable continuous blending methods are continuous rotary blending, continuous static blending, or continuous conveyor belt blending.

[0090] Step b) includes breaking up another vehicle at a different location to produce additional vehicle debris (“additional ASR”).

[0091] The additional ASR may contain at least one ASR different from the first ASR. The additional ASR may be from another production batch, or an ASR produced in another state or continent. Preferably, the additional ASR is produced at a different location, which is at least 5 km, preferably at least 20 km, and particularly at least 50 km away from the first location.

[0092] The additional location may include at least one location different from the first location. In another form, the additional location may include at least one location separated from the first location, for example by distance or by architectural means (such as stone walls or metal plates). The additional location may be the site of the crushing company. The additional location may be at least 2 m, preferably at least 5 m, or particularly 10 m away from the first location, wherein this distance can be determined from the outer edge of the ASR (e.g., between ASR stockpiles). In another form, the additional location may be at least 5 km away from the first location, preferably at least 20 km away.

[0093] After step b) and before step c), other steps may be performed, such as...

[0094] - It can separate metal fragments (such as ferrous and non-ferrous metal fragments).

[0095] - Additional automotive debris can be separated into lightweight and heavy fractions; and / or

[0096] - This can allow additional automotive debris, preferably crushed light fractions and / or crushed heavy fractions to undergo aqueous pretreatment selected from washing and aqueous density separation.

[0097] This method may include the step of separating crushed dust from automotive debris, for example, to obtain a transport fraction or automotive debris containing less than 20 wt%, preferably less than 10 wt%, and particularly less than 3 wt% of crushed dust. The transport fraction or automotive debris may contain less than 20 wt%, preferably less than 10 wt%, and particularly less than 3 wt% of crushed dust. In another form, homogenized automotive debris may contain less than 20 wt%, preferably less than 10 wt%, and particularly less than 3 wt% of crushed dust.

[0098] The separation of crushed dust can be achieved by screening, such as using a flat screen or a drum screen, in which the crushed dust exits the drum through holes. Screening conditions can be adjusted according to the desired purity, such as the sieve holes, drum speed, or drum inclination.

[0099] Crushed dust typically has a particle size of less than 10 mm, preferably less than 5 mm, and especially less than 1 mm, for example when measured along the longest dimension of the crushed dust.

[0100] Metal fragments (such as ferrous and non-ferrous metal fragments) can be separated from automotive shredding debris and / or transport fractions. Ferrous metal fragments can be removed using magnetic separators. Non-ferrous metal fragments can be separated from shredded vehicles using eddy current separators, density-based heavy media flotation devices, or manual sorting.

[0101] Transport fractions or automotive debris may contain less than 5 wt%, preferably less than 3 wt%, and particularly less than 1 wt% of metal fragments. In another form, homogenized automotive debris may contain less than 5 wt%, preferably less than 3 wt%, and particularly less than 1 wt% of metal fragments.

[0102] Separating cables, wires, and ropes from automotive debris and / or transport stages can be done using optical sorting. Optical sorting can be performed using an optical sorting machine that uses visible light to detect cables, wires, and ropes. Suitable optical sorting machines have been described above. Optical sorting machines can identify the length of cables, wires, and ropes.

[0103] Automotive debris or transport fractions may contain less than 0.1 wt%, preferably less than 0.05 wt%, and particularly less than 0.001 wt% of cables, wires, and ropes with a length greater than 12 cm. Automotive debris or transport fractions may contain less than 0.1 wt%, preferably less than 0.05 wt%, and particularly less than 0.001 wt% of cables, wires, and ropes with a length greater than 10 cm. Automotive debris or transport fractions may contain less than 0.1 wt%, preferably less than 0.05 wt%, and particularly less than 0.001 wt% of cables, wires, and ropes with a length greater than 6 cm. In another form, homogenized automotive debris may contain less than 0.1 wt%, preferably less than 0.05 wt%, and particularly less than 0.001 wt% of cables, wires, and ropes with a length greater than 10 cm.

[0104] Polyurethane foam debris can be removed from automotive debris and / or transport stages by suction. Typically, vacuum-powered machinery can be used for suction. Suitable polyurethane foam debris typically has a maximum size of less than 12 cm, preferably less than 6 cm, and particularly less than 2 cm.

[0105] Automotive debris or transport fractions may contain up to 1 wt%, preferably up to 0.3 wt%, and particularly up to 0.05 wt% of polyurethane foam fragments. In another form, homogenized automotive debris may contain up to 1 wt%, preferably up to 0.3 wt%, and particularly up to 0.05 wt% of polyurethane foam fragments.

[0106] At least two additional batches, such as 2, 3, 4, or 5 batches of ASR, may be blended at another location. The blending of at least two additional batches of ASR may be carried out using the blending method described for step d). Blending may be carried out by continuous blending or batch blending, with continuous blending being preferred. Suitable continuous blending methods are continuous rotary blending, continuous static blending, or continuous conveyor belt blending.

[0107] Step c) includes transporting the first ASR and the additional ASR to a storage location at the blending site.

[0108] Transport can be carried out by rail (e.g., when the bottom unloading container is a rail hopper wagon); or by road (when the bottom unloading container is a hopper truck). In another form, for example when the distance is less than 5 km, transport can be carried out by conveyor belt or by a loader. Transport typically covers distances of at least 10 km, preferably at least 50 km, and particularly at least 200 km.

[0109] Transportation can begin at a first location and another location, or it can begin at the first location, then proceed to another location, and then to the blending station.

[0110] Typically, the first ASR and subsequent ASRs are transported in bulk, for example, as free-flowing fragments.

[0111] The first ASR, the other ASRs, or both can be transported in the form of transport classes.

[0112] The homogenized ASR and / or transport fraction may contain at least 80 wt%, preferably at least 90 wt%, and particularly at least 95 wt% of target plastic fragments made from the target plastic types selected from: polyolefins, polyamides, polyurethanes, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, polyoxymethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, or mixtures thereof.

[0113] The target plastic fragment can be made from any type of target plastic or a mixture thereof. Typically, the target plastic type is the type of plastic present in polymer vehicle parts.

[0114] Suitable target plastic types are polyolefins (such as polypropylene and polyethylene), polyamides (such as nylon 6 or nylon 6.6), halogenated polymers (such as polyvinyl chloride), polyurethanes (such as non-foamed polyurethane), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, polyoxymethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, or mixtures thereof.

[0115] Preferably, the target plastic fragment is made of polyamide, polyolefin, or a mixture thereof.

[0116] In another preferred form, the target plastic fragment is made of polyamide 6, polyamide 6.6, or a mixture thereof. In another preferred form, the target plastic fragment is made of a polyolefin (such as polypropylene and polyethylene, or a mixture thereof). In another preferred form, the target plastic fragment is made of polyvinyl chloride.

[0117] Suitable polyamides include thermoplastic polyamides. Preferred are semi-crystalline or amorphous polyamides having a molecular weight (weight-average molecular weight) of at least 5000 g / mol, as determined by size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Aliphatic and semi-aromatic polyamides are preferred.

[0118] Examples of polyamides are polyamides derived from lactams having 7 to 13 ring members, such as polycaprolactam, polyoctyllactam and polylaurolactam, as well as polyamides obtained by the reaction of dicarboxylic acids with diamines.

[0119] Polyamide plastic parts may contain glass fibers. Polyamide plastic parts may contain up to 60 wt%, preferably up to 50 wt%, and particularly up to 40 wt% (e.g., 20 to 40 wt%) of glass fibers.

[0120] Suitable polyolefins are:

[0121] 1. Polymers of monoolefins and dienes, such as polypropylene, polyisobutylene, polybut-1-ene, poly-4-methylpent-1-ene, polyvinylcyclohexane, polyisoprene or polybutadiene, polyhexene, polyoctene, and polymers of cycloolefins, such as cyclopentene, cyclohexene, cyclooctene or norbornene, and polyethylene (which may optionally be crosslinked), such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE), high-density and high-molecular-weight polyethylene (HDPE-HMW), high-density and ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (HDPE-UHMW), medium-density polyethylene (MDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), very low-density polyethylene (VLDPE), and ultra-low-density polyethylene (ULDPE).

[0122] Polyolefins, namely polymers of the monoolefins exemplified in the previous paragraph, preferably polyethylene and polypropylene, can be prepared by various methods and, in particular, by the following methods:

[0123] a) Free radical polymerization (typically under high pressure and at elevated temperatures).

[0124] b) Catalytic polymerization using catalysts typically containing one or more metals from Group IVb, Vb, Vib, or VIII of the periodic table. These metals typically have one or more ligands, typically oxides, halides, alkoxides, esters, ethers, amines, alkyl, alkenyl, and / or aryl groups, which may be □-coordinated or □-coordinated. These metal complexes may be in free form or immobilized on a substrate, typically on activated magnesium chloride, titanium(III) chloride, alumina, or silica. These catalysts may be soluble or insoluble in the polymerization medium. The catalyst itself may be used in the polymerization, or additional activators may be used, typically metal alkyl groups, metal hydrides, metal alkyl halides, metal alkyl oxides, or metal alkyloxanes, where the metal is an element from Group Ia, Iia, and / or IIIa of the periodic table. The activator may be conveniently modified with additional ester, ether, amine, or silyl ether groups. These catalyst systems are commonly referred to as Phillips, Standard Oil Indiana, Ziegler (-Natta), TNZ (DuPont), metallocene, or single-point catalyst (SSC).

[0125] 2. Mixtures of polymers mentioned in 1, such as mixtures of polypropylene and polyisobutylene, mixtures of polypropylene and polyethylene (e.g., PP / HDPE, PP / LDPE), and mixtures of different types of polyethylene (e.g., LDPE / HDPE).

[0126] 3. Copolymers of monoolefins and dienes with each other or with other vinyl monomers, such as ethylene / propylene copolymers, linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) and mixtures thereof with low-density polyethylene (LDPE), very low-density polyethylene, propylene / but-1-ene copolymers, propylene / isobutene copolymers, ethylene / but-1-ene copolymers, ethylene / hexene copolymers, ethylene / methylpentene copolymers, ethylene / heptane copolymers, ethylene / octene copolymers, ethylene / vinylcyclohexane copolymers, ethylene / cycloolefin copolymers (e.g., ethylene / norbornene like COC), ethylene / 1-olefin copolymers (where the 1-olefin is generated in situ); propylene / butadiene copolymers, isobutene / isoprene copolymers, ethylene / vinylcyclohexene copolymers, ethylene / alkyl acrylate copolymers, ethylene / alkyl methacrylate copolymers, ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymers or ethylene / acrylic acid copolymers and their salts (ionomers), and terpolymers of ethylene with propylene and dienes (such as hexadiene, dicyclopentadiene or ethylene-norbornene); and such copolymers with each other and with the above in 1). Mixtures of polymers mentioned herein, such as polypropylene / ethylene-propylene copolymers, LDPE / ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers (EVA), LDPE / ethylene-acrylic acid copolymers (EAA), LLDPE / EVA, LLDPE / EAA, and alternating or random polyalkylene / carbon monoxide copolymers and mixtures thereof with other polymers (e.g., polyamides).

[0127] Preferably, the polyolefin is a polymer of monoolefins and dienes, such as polypropylene and polyethylene.

[0128] Step d) includes blending the first ASR and another ASR to obtain homogenized automotive debris (also known as “homogenized ASR”).

[0129] Blending can be carried out through continuous blending or batch blending, with continuous blending being preferred. Suitable continuous blending methods include continuous rotary blending, continuous static blending, or continuous conveyor belt blending.

[0130] Blending can be carried out by continuous rotary blending, continuous static blending, or blending via a continuous conveyor belt.

[0131] In a preferred form, blending is carried out by continuous rotary blending, for example by a drum mixer (e.g., roller mixer, pin mixer, ribbon mixer, paddle mixer, plow mixer, or mixing mixer).

[0132] In another preferred form, blending is carried out by continuous static blending, for example, in which gravity is combined with static installations to generate a bulk flow with relative velocity. Suitable continuous static blending can be carried out by blending silos (such as multi-channel blending silos, central channel blending silos, or multi-flow blending silos).

[0133] A suitable blending silo is a large storage container in which different grades are deposited and blended together over time, and the grades are typically stratified within the silo. As new material is added, it is mixed with the existing ore to achieve uniform blending.

[0134] Multi-channel blending silos are typically based on the following principle: bulk materials from different heights are simultaneously collected via vertical blending pipes within the silo and guided to a central blending chamber at the bottom. In this chamber, the individual streams are mixed with the mass flow from the central discharge cone and discharged. This can be achieved by installing multiple blending pipes within the silo, and the product output from the mixer's discharge point can consist of a mixture from the entire silo.

[0135] In a suitable central channel blending silo, bulk materials are drawn from different heights through a central blending pipe with multiple feed openings, and deflector plates of different sizes can be welded and installed above the feed openings to ensure equal proportions are drawn from all layers. The product from the blending pipe can be metered and added to the product from the outer ring material in the blending chamber.

[0136] Typically, multi-flow mixing silos have mixing hoppers and are designed to ensure different flow velocities in the hopper and the lower cylindrical region, where the effect usually results in different residence times, thus producing a mixing effect. Multi-flow mixing silos with a length-to-diameter ratio (height:diameter) < 2.5 are generally particularly efficient.

[0137] In another preferred form, blending is carried out via continuous conveyor belt blending. Typically, conveyor belt blending involves using a conveyor belt system with multiple feed points, each with a different grade. The different grades are fed onto the conveyor belt through their respective feed points. The conveyor belt then transports the different grades to a blending zone, where it may pass through a series of diverters or chutes that help to distribute the different grades evenly across the width of the belt. This can help the ore to be thoroughly mixed as it moves along the belt.

[0138] The method may further include step e) of recycling the homogenized automotive debris by pyrolysis, depolymerization, or gasification. Preferably, the recycling is continuous pyrolysis, continuous depolymerization, or continuous gasification. Recycling can be carried out at the mixing location.

[0139] Recycling homogenized automotive debris typically involves recycling target plastic fragments through pyrolysis, depolymerization, or gasification.

[0140] Recycling of target plastic fragments can include the pyrolysis of target plastic fragments, such as target plastic fragments made of polyolefins.

[0141] The recycling of target plastic fragments may include the depolymerization of target plastic fragments (such as target plastic fragments made of polyamide).

[0142] The recycling of target plastic fragments may include the depolymerization of target plastic fragments (such as target plastic fragments made of polyurethane).

[0143] The depolymerization of polyamides or polyurethanes is typically a process of breaking down the long chains of polymer molecules into smaller units through a chemical reaction, such as by using heat, chemicals, or enzymes to break the chemical bonds between the individual monomers that make up the polymer. The resulting smaller molecules or monomers can then be purified and reused to produce new polyamide or polyurethane products.

[0144] Pyrolysis is a process commonly used in polymer recycling, involving heating polymer waste in the absence of oxygen to break it down into smaller molecules. This thermal degradation process typically takes place at high temperatures, such as 300 to 900 degrees Celsius. During pyrolysis, the polymer usually undergoes a series of chemical reactions, such as cracking and breakdown, resulting in the formation of gaseous, liquid, and solid residues. These products can then be further refined and used as feedstock for the production of new polymers, fuels, or other value-added chemicals.

[0145] Gasification is a process commonly used in polymer recycling, converting polymers into a gaseous state by reacting them with controlled amounts of oxygen or steam at high temperatures. This thermochemical conversion process typically occurs in a gasifier, where polymer waste is subjected to intense heat, typically above 700 degrees Celsius. The heat causes the polymers to break down into their constituent elements, primarily carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, resulting in a gaseous mixture called syngas. This mixture can be further processed and used in a variety of applications, such as as fuel for power generation, or it can be refined to produce valuable chemicals and fuels.

[0146] In another form, the method includes the following steps:

[0147] - The homogenized automotive debris or chemical material that can be obtained or acquired by the method according to the invention is converted to obtain product PRF1.

[0148] Product PRF1 can be selected from:

[0149] i) Building blocks or single units; or

[0150] ii) a polymer, preferably polymer A, a polymer composition, preferably polymer composition A, or a polymer product, preferably polymer product A; or

[0151] iii) Industrial polymers, industrial surfactants, scale-removing compounds, industrial biocides, industrial solvents, industrial dispersants, compositions thereof, or formulations thereof; or

[0152] iv) Agricultural chemical compositions, agricultural chemical formulations, adjuvants, or agricultural chemical active ingredients; or

[0153] v) Active pharmaceutical ingredients or intermediates thereof, pharmaceutical excipients, animal feed additives, human food additives, dietary supplements, aromatic chemicals or aromatic compositions; or

[0154] vi) The aqueous polymer dispersion is preferably a polyurethane or polyurethane-poly(meth)acrylate mixed polymer dispersion, emulsion, binder for paper and fiber coatings, UV-curable acrylic polymer for hot melts and coatings, polyisocyanate, hyperbranched polyester polyol, polymer dispersant for inorganic binder compositions, unsaturated polyester polyol, or 100% curable composition; or

[0155] vii) Cosmetic surfactants, emollients, waxes, cosmetic polymers, UV filters, other cosmetic ingredients, or combinations thereof or formulations thereof; or

[0156] viii) Polymer B, polymer composition B, coating composition, other functional composition, foil, molded body, coating or coated substrate.

[0157] The content of the target plastic fragments in product PRF1 may be 1 wt% or more, preferably 2 wt% or more, more preferably 5 wt% or more, more preferably 15 wt% or more, more preferably 30 wt% or more, more preferably 40 wt% or more, more preferably 60 wt% or more, more preferably 80 wt% or more, more preferably 90 wt% or more, more preferably 95 wt% or more; and / or

[0158] The content of the target plastic fragments in product PRF1 may be 100 wt% or less, preferably 95 wt% or less, more preferably 90 wt% or less, more preferably 50 wt% or less, more preferably 25 wt% or less, more preferably 10 wt% or less; and

[0159] Preferably, the content is determined based on an identity preservation and / or segregation and / or quality balance and / or ledger and declaration chain of custody model, preferably based on quality balance, preferred International Sustainability and Carbon Certification (ISCC) standards.

[0160] The publicly disclosed prior art content; Issue 684; paragraphs

[1000] to

[8005] ; ISSN: 2198-4786; publication date: February 12, 2024, shall be regarded as reference RF1, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Preferably, product PRF1 is the product as described in paragraphs

[1000] to

[8005] of reference RF1. Preferably, the method described herein is further a method for producing product, preferably product PRF1.

[0161] The conversion steps for obtaining product PRF1 preferably include one or more steps as described below, and can be performed by conventional methods well known to those skilled in the art. The conversion steps preferably include one or more steps selected from the following:

[0162] Recycling, preferably through depolymerization, gasification, pyrolysis and / or steam cracking; and / or

[0163] Purification, preferably crystallization, (solvent) extraction, distillation, evaporation, hydrogenation, absorption, adsorption, and / or ion exchange; and / or

[0164] Assembling, preferably foaming, synthesis, chemical transformation, chemical conversion, polymerization and / or blending; and / or

[0165] Molding, preferably foaming, extrusion and / or molding; and / or

[0166] Finishing, preferably coating and / or smoothing.

[0167] Additionally, one or more steps are described in detail in reference RF1; paragraphs

[1000] through

[8005] .

[0168] As used herein, the term "building unit" refers to a compound that is in a gaseous or liquid state under standard conditions of 0°C and 0.1 MPa. Building units are typically used in the chemical industry to form secondary products that offer greater structural complexity and / or higher molecular weight than the building unit on which the secondary product is based. Building units are preferably selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, ethylene oxide, ethylene glycol, syngas containing mixtures of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic compounds. Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic compounds particularly contain 1 to 12 carbon atoms, respectively.

[0169] As used herein, the term "monomer" includes molecules that can react with each other to form polymer chains through polymerization. Monomers are preferably selected from the group consisting of: (meth)acrylic acid, salts of (meth)acrylic acid; particularly sodium, potassium, and zinc salts; (meth)acrolein; and (meth)acrylates. (Meth)acrylates containing 1 to 22 carbon atoms, particularly 1 to 8 carbon atoms, are preferred. The terms (meth)acrylic acid, (meth)acrolein, or (meth)acrylate refer to acrylic acid, acrolein, or acrylates, and where applicable, also refer to methacrylic acid, methacrolein, or methacrylates. Furthermore, monomers may be selected from hexamethylenediamine (HMD) and adipic acid.

[0170] The building blocks may further be intermediate compounds. As used herein, the term "intermediate compound" includes organic reagents that are used to form compounds with higher molecular complexity. Intermediate compounds may, for example, be selected from the group consisting of phosgene, polyisocyanates, and propylene oxide. Polyisocyanates are particularly aromatic diisocyanates and polyisocyanates, preferably toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and / or diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI).

[0171] The building blocks and monomers, as well as one or more typical transformation steps used to obtain the building blocks or monomers, are described in more detail in paragraphs

[1000] through

[1012] of reference RF1.

[0172] As used herein, the term “polymer A” includes thermoplastics (e.g., polyamides or thermoplastic polyurethanes), thermosettings (e.g., polyurethanes), elastomers (e.g., polybutadiene) or copolymers or mixtures thereof, and is defined in more detail in paragraphs

[2001] through

[2007] of reference RF1.

[0173] As used herein, the term “polymer composition A” includes all compositions comprising the polymers described above and one or more additives (e.g., reinforcing agents, colorants, modifiers and / or flame retardants), and is defined in more detail in paragraph

[2008] of reference RF1.

[0174] As used herein, the term “polymer product A” includes any product comprising polymer A and / or polymer composition A as described above, and is defined in more detail in paragraphs

[2009] and

[2010] of reference RF1.

[0175] One or more steps for obtaining a polymer (preferably polymer A), a polymer composition (preferably polymer composition A), or a polymer product (preferably polymer product A) are described in more detail in paragraph

[2011] of reference RF1.

[0176] As used herein, the term "industrial polymer" includes rheological polymers, polymers based on polycarboxylates, alkoxylated polyalkyleneamines, alkoxylated polyalkyleneimides, polyethers, dye-inhibiting polymers, and dirt-releasing cleaning polymers, as defined in more detail in paragraphs

[3035] through

[3044] of reference RF1. As used herein, the term "industrial surfactant" includes nonionic, anionic, and amphoteric industrial surfactants, as defined in more detail in paragraphs

[3008] through

[3034] of reference RF1. As used herein, the term "industrial descaling compound" includes nonphosphate-based builders (NPBs) and phosphonates (CoPs), as described in more detail in paragraphs

[3001] through

[3005] of reference RF1. As used herein, the term "industrial biocide" refers to compounds that kill or inhibit the growth or reproduction of microorganisms, as defined in more detail in paragraphs

[3006] through

[3007] of reference RF1. As used herein, the term “industrial solvent” includes alkylamides, alkyl lactamides, alkyl esters, lactates, alkyl diesters, cyclic alkyl diesters, cyclic carbonates, aromatic aldehydes, and aromatic esters, as defined in more detail in paragraphs

[3045] through

[3055] of reference RF1. As used herein, the term “industrial dispersant” includes anionic and nonionic industrial dispersants, as defined in more detail in paragraphs

[3056] through

[3058] of reference RF1. The term “compositions and / or formulations thereof” with respect to industrial polymers, industrial surfactants, scale-removing compounds, and / or industrial biocides refers to industrial compositions and / or institutional products and / or textiles, as well as home care products and / or personal care products, as defined in more detail in paragraph

[3059] of reference RF1. One or more conversion steps for obtaining industrial polymers, industrial surfactants, scale-removing compounds, and / or industrial biocides are defined in more detail in paragraph

[3060] of reference RF1. The conversion steps for obtaining industrial compositions or formulations of industrial polymers, industrial surfactants, scale-removing compounds and / or industrial biocides are defined in more detail in paragraph

[3061] of reference RF1.

[0177] As used herein, the term "agrochemical composition" typically refers to a composition comprising an agrochemical active ingredient and at least one agrochemical formulation adjuvant. Examples of agrochemical compositions, active ingredients, and adjuvants are described in more detail in paragraph

[4001] of reference RF1. Agrochemical compositions may be in any conventional formulation form. These agrochemical compositions are prepared in known ways, for example, as described in: Mollet and Grubemann, Formulationtechnology, Wiley VCH, Weinheim, 2001; or Knowles, New developments in crop protection product formulation, Agrow Reports DS243, T&F Informa, London, 2005. One or more conversion steps for obtaining agrochemically active ingredients and adjuvants can be carried out in a manner similar to one or more generation steps of their analogues based on petrochemicals or other precursors not obtained through recycling. Furthermore, the conversion of compounds mentioned in the sections “Polymers” and “Cosmetic Surfactants, Emollients, Waxes, Cosmetic Polymers, UV Filters, Other Cosmetic Ingredients or Compositions thereof” can be carried out as described in those sections and the corresponding paragraphs in reference RF1.

[0178] As used herein, the terms active pharmaceutical ingredient and / or its intermediates include substances that provide pharmacological activity or other direct action or influence the structure or any function of the body in the diagnosis, cure, relief, treatment or prevention of a disease. Intermediates are isolated products generated during a multi-step synthetic route of the active pharmaceutical ingredient. As used herein, the term pharmaceutical excipient includes compounds or mixtures of compounds used in compositions for various pharmaceutical applications that are substantially non-pharmaceutical in themselves. Active pharmaceutical ingredients and / or their intermediates, as well as pharmaceutical excipients, are defined in more detail in paragraph

[5001] of reference RF1.

[0179] One or more conversion steps for obtaining an active pharmaceutical ingredient and / or its intermediates and pharmaceutical excipients may include one or more synthetic steps and may be carried out by conventional synthesis and techniques well known to those skilled in the art.

[0180] As used herein, the terms animal feed additives, human food additives, and dietary supplements include vitamins, provitamins, and their active metabolites, including intermediates and precursors, particularly vitamins A, B, E, D, and K, and their esters (such as acetates, propionates, and palmitates) or their alcohols (such as retinol) or their salts or any combination thereof; tetraterpenes, particularly isoprene-like compounds, such as carotenoids and lutein, including their intermediates and precursors, as well as mixtures and derivatives thereof, particularly β-carotene, canthaxanthin, hesperidin, astaxanthin, zeaxanthin, lutein, and tomato. Red pigments, apocarotenoids, and any combination thereof; organic acids, especially formic acid, propionic acid, and their salts (such as sodium, calcium, or ammonium salts) and any combination thereof, such as, but not limited to, formic acid and sodium formate, propionic acid and ammonium propionic acid, formic acid and propionic acid, formic acid and sodium formate, and mixtures of propionic acid, propionic acid and sodium propionic acid, and formic acid and sodium formate; glycerides of carboxylic acids and short- and medium-chain fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acid (such as omega-6 fatty acid (C18:2) methyl esters), and 1,2-propanediol; and beverage stabilizers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone polymers or polyvinylimazole / polyvinylpyrrolidone copolymers. Animal feed additives, human food additives, and dietary supplements are defined in more detail in paragraph

[5002] of reference RF1.

[0181] One or more conversion steps used to obtain animal feed additives, human food additives, or dietary supplements may include one or more synthetic steps and may be carried out by conventional synthesis and techniques well known to those skilled in the art. As used herein, the terms aromatic chemicals and aromatic compositions include volatile organic compounds with a molecular weight between 70 and 250 g / mol, including those with a carbon skeleton of C5-C6. 16 Functional groups of carbon atoms, the carbon skeleton including straight chains, branches, and rings (e.g., rings with a size of C5-C). 18 The aromatic chemical is a bicyclic or tricyclic aliphatic chain, but does not necessarily contain one or more unsaturated structural elements such as double bonds, triple bonds, aromatic or heteroaromatic groups, and preferably, one or more additional functional groups are selected from alcohols, ethers, esters, ketones, aldehydes, acetals, carboxylic acids, nitriles, thiols, and amines. In one aspect, the aromatic chemical is a terpenoid aromatic chemical, for example selected from monoterpenes and monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenes and sesquiterpenoids, diterpenes, triterpenes, or tetraterpenes. The aromatic chemical can be combined with other aromatic chemicals to obtain aromatic compositions. Aromatic chemicals and aromatic compositions are defined in more detail in paragraph

[5003] of reference RF1.

[0182] One or more conversion steps for obtaining aromatic chemicals and aromatic compositions may include one or more synthetic steps and may be carried out by conventional synthesis and techniques well known to those skilled in the art.

[0183] As used herein, the term "aqueous polymer dispersion" includes one or more aqueous compositions comprising one or more dispersed polymers, and is defined in more detail in the section entitled "Aqueous Polymer Dispersions" of reference RF1

[6001] . One or more dispersed polymers may be selected from one or more acrylic emulsion polymers, one or more styrene acrylic emulsion polymers, one or more styrene butadiene dispersions, one or more aqueous dispersions comprising composite particles, one or more acrylate alkyd mixed dispersions, one or more polyurethanes (including UV-curable polyurethanes), and one or more polyurethane-poly(meth)acrylate mixed polymers. As used herein, the term "emulsion polymer" includes one or more polymers prepared by free radical emulsion polymerization. One or more aqueous polyurethane dispersions are defined in more detail in the section entitled "Polyurethane Dispersions" of reference RF1

[6002] . One or more UV-curable polyurethanes are defined in more detail in the section entitled "Polyurethane Dispersions" of reference RF1

[6017] . One or more polyurethane-poly(meth)acrylate mixed polymers are defined in more detail in the section entitled "Polyurethane Dispersions" of reference RF1

[6016] .

[0184] As used herein, the term “polymer dispersant” preferably includes one or more polymers comprising polyether side chains, particularly one or more polycarboxylate ether polymers and one or more condensation products as defined in more detail in the paragraph entitled “Polymer Dispersants” in reference RF1

[6020] .

[0185] One or more conversion (polymerization) steps for obtaining one or more aqueous polymer dispersions comprising one or more emulsion polymers are defined in more detail in the section entitled “Emulsion Polymerization” in reference RF1

[6003] .

[0186] One or more conversion (polymerization) steps for obtaining one or more waterborne polyurethane dispersions are defined in more detail in the section entitled “Methods for preparing waterborne polyurethane dispersions”

[6014] and the section entitled “UV-curable waterborne polyurethane dispersions, their preparation and use and compositions containing them”

[6017] of reference RF1.

[0187] Compositions and uses of one or more aqueous polymer dispersions and one or more polymer dispersants are defined in more detail in the following sections of reference RF1:

[0188] The section titled "Applications of Aqueous Polymer Dispersions"

[6004]

[0189] The section titled "Adhesives for Building and Building Coatings"

[6005]

[0190] The section titled "Adhesives for Paper Coatings"

[6006]

[0191] The section titled "Adhesives for Fiber Bonding"

[6007]

[0192] The section titled "Adhesive Polymers and Adhesive Compositions"

[6008]

[0193] The section titled "Aqueous Polyurethane Dispersions Suitable for Coating Compositions"

[6015]

[0194] The section titled "Waterborne polyurethane-poly(meth)acrylate mixed polymer dispersions suitable for coating compositions"

[6016]

[0195] The section titled "Waterborne UV-curable polyurethane dispersions, their preparation and uses, and compositions containing them"

[6017]

[0196] Section entitled “Inorganic binder compositions containing polymer dispersants and their uses”

[6018]

[6019] 100% curable coating compositions.

[0197] One or more UV-crosslinkable poly(meth)acrylates and their uses are defined in more detail in the section entitled “UV-crosslinkable poly(meth)acrylates for use in UV-curable solvent-free hot melt adhesives and their use in the preparation of pressure-sensitive self-adhesive articles” in reference RF1

[6009] .

[0198] One or more polyisocyanates, one or more compositions comprising them, and their uses are defined in more detail in the section entitled “Polyisocyanates” in reference RF1

[6010] .

[0199] One or more hyperbranched polyester polyols and their uses are defined in more detail in the section entitled "Organic solvent-based hyperbranched polyester polyols suitable for coating compositions" in reference RF1

[6011] . One or more conversion steps for obtaining hyperbranched polyester polyols are defined in more detail in the section entitled "Preparation of organic solvent-based hyperbranched polyester polyols" in reference RF1

[6012] . One or more coating compositions comprising one or more hyperbranched polyester polyols, one or more polyisocyanates and one or more additives, and the substrates coated thereon are defined in more detail in the section entitled "Organic solvent-based two-component coating compositions comprising hyperbranched polyester polyols and polyisocyanates" in reference RF1

[6013] .

[0200] One or more unsaturated polyester polyols, one or more solvent-based coating compositions comprising said unsaturated polyester polyols, and one or more substrates for coating with said one or more coating compositions are defined in more detail in the section entitled “Organic solvent-based coating compositions comprising unsaturated polyester polyols” in reference RF1

[6018] .

[0201] One or more 100% curable coating compositions are defined in more detail in section

[6019] of reference RF1.

[0202] One or more polymeric dispersants for use in inorganic binder compositions are defined in more detail in section

[6020] of reference RF1. One or more inorganic binder compositions comprising polymeric dispersants and their uses are defined in more detail in section

[6021] of reference RF1. One or more conversion steps for obtaining one or more polymeric dispersants are defined in more detail in section

[6020] of reference RF1. As used herein, the term "inorganic binder composition" comprising one or more polymeric dispersants preferably includes, in particular, hydraulic coagulating compositions and compositions comprising calcium sulfate, and is defined in more detail in section

[6021] of reference RF1 entitled "Inorganic Binder Compositions Containing Polymer Dispersants and Their Uses". Specific one or more building material formulations comprising one or more polymeric dispersants, or one or more building products produced from building material formulations containing polymeric dispersants, are disclosed in more detail in section

[6021] of reference RF1.

[0203] As used herein, the term “cosmetic surfactant” includes nonionic, anionic, cationic, and amphoteric surfactants, and is defined in more detail in paragraph

[7002] of reference RF1. As used herein, the term “emollient” refers to a compound used to protect, moisturize, and / or lubricate the skin, and is defined in more detail in paragraph

[7003] of reference RF1. As used herein, the term “wax” includes pearlescent agents and opacifiers, and is defined in more detail in paragraph

[7004] of reference RF1. As used herein, the term “cosmetic polymer” includes any polymer that can be used as an ingredient in cosmetic formulations, and is defined in more detail in paragraph

[7005] of reference RF1. As used herein, the term “UV filter” refers to a compound that blocks or absorbs ultraviolet light, and is defined in more detail in paragraph

[7006] of reference RF1. As used herein, the term “additional cosmetic ingredient” includes any ingredient suitable for the preparation of cosmetic formulations. Several sources disclose ingredients acceptable for cosmetic use. For example, the Cosing database on the European Commission's website discloses cosmetic ingredients, as does the International Dictionary and Handbook of Cosmetic Ingredients edited by the Personal Care Products Association (PCPC). The term "compositions and / or formulations thereof" in relation to cosmetic surfactants, emollients, waxes, cosmetic polymers, UV filters, and / or other cosmetic ingredients refers to personal care and / or cosmetic compositions or formulations as defined in more detail in paragraph

[7007] of reference RF1. One or more conversion steps used to obtain cosmetic surfactants, emollients, waxes, cosmetic polymers, UV filters, or other cosmetic ingredients are defined in more detail in paragraph

[7008] of reference RF1.

[0204] The terms “polymer B”, “polymer composition B”, “coating composition”, “other functional composition”, “foil”, “molded body”, “coating” and “coated substrate” are well known to those skilled in the art and are defined in more detail from paragraphs

[8000] to

[8005] of reference RF1.

[0205] The present invention also relates to homogenized automotive debris having a mixing degree of at least 0.7. The homogenized automotive debris may have a mixing degree of at least 0.75, 0.8, 0.85, 0.9, or 0.95. Preferably, the homogenized automotive debris has a mixing degree of at least 0.8, particularly 0.9.

[0206] Homogenized automotive debris is typically obtained through steps a) to d), preferably through these steps. Homogenized automotive debris is typically obtained through the following steps, preferably through the following steps:

[0207] a) Breaking a first vehicle containing polymer vehicle parts at a first location to produce a first automotive shredded residue (“first ASR”) containing a mixture of plastic fragments.

[0208] b) Destroy another vehicle at a different location to generate additional automotive debris (“another ASR”).

[0209] c) Transport the first ASR and the additional ASRs to the storage location at the blending site; and

[0210] d) Blend the first ASR with another ASR to obtain homogenized automotive debris.

[0211] The degree of mixing can be quantitatively represented and used as an indicator by using characteristic values ​​of the blends in a method for evaluating the degree of mixing of the blends, and by determining the change in characteristic values ​​between samples before and after the blending step. Further theoretical background can be found in the literature, such as in paragraphs

[0048] to

[0068] of EP 3147341.

[0212] The degree of mixing is a general indicator used to quantify the homogeneity of blends, and is defined by a number of equations: using a desired amount of bulk material as a population, taking multiple samples from the population, and determining the characteristic values ​​(such as concentration, density, or moisture content) of each sample, the degree of mixing is calculated based on the variation of the characteristic values ​​(such as variance, standard deviation, or coefficient of variation) between samples.

[0213] The degree of mixing is an indicator that approaches 1.0 as the mixing state approaches complete mixing (i.e., as homogeneity increases), and conversely, it approaches 0 as the mixing state approaches a reference state. The degree of mixing is a value that can be calculated from the standard deviation of eigenvalues ​​determined for samples taken from any location in the blend before and after the blending step.

[0214] The degree of mixing can be calculated based on the standard deviation of the metal concentration, which is determined for a 1 kg sample taken from multiple locations of homogenized automotive debris. The degree of mixing can also be calculated based on the standard deviation of the target plastic fragment concentration, which is determined for a 1 kg sample taken from multiple locations of homogenized automotive debris.

[0215] While constituent chemical elements or physical or chemical properties of bulk materials can be used as characteristic values, it is preferable to use properties whose values ​​vary depending on the composition of automotive debris. For example, the content of specific chemical elements in automotive debris, the content of ash, the metal content in the ash, reflectivity, water content, polymer content, polymer type, metal content, compositional structure, or thermoplasticity can be used.

[0216] Here, the term "standard deviation of characteristic values ​​under mixed conditions" refers to the standard deviation of characteristic values ​​determined for samples taken under a certain mixed condition.

[0217] The degree of mixing is calculated using the following equation (1):

[0218] Degree of mixing = (δC0 - δC) / (δC0 - δCf) (1)

[0219] Furthermore, the degree of mixing is calculated based on the standard deviation of eigenvalues, which are determined for samples taken from homogenized automotive debris.

[0220] -δC0 represents the standard deviation of the eigenvalues ​​when there is no mixing.

[0221] -δCf represents the standard deviation of the eigenvalues ​​when the mixture is fully performed, and

[0222] -δC represents the standard deviation of the characteristic values ​​of the sample.

[0223] Figure 1 A suitable continuous conveyor belt blending system is shown, having three feed points (1-1, 1-2, and 1-3), each feed point having a different grade (black, white, or scribbled). Each of the three grades is fed onto the conveyor belt (1-4) through its respective three feed points. The conveyor belt (1-4) then transports the three different grades to a blending area on the right, in the form of a container (1-5).

[0224] Figure 2 A suitable continuous rotary mixing process is shown in a rotary drum mixer (2-1) that feeds two different grades (black and white) on the left open side. The mixture is collected in a container (2-2) on the right open side of the rotary drum.

[0225] Figure 3 A multi-flow mixing silo with a central vertical pipe (3-1) is shown, which generates different flow velocities in the hopper and the cylindrical region below, thereby producing a mixing effect.

[0226] Figure 4 A suitable central channel blending silo is shown, in which bulk material is drawn from different heights through a central blending pipe (4-1) (which has four feed openings on its side). The product from the blending pipe can be metered and added to the product from the outer ring material in a blending chamber at the lower end of the silo.

[0227] This invention allows for several advantages: homogenized ASR exhibits high homogeneity; its quality changes only slightly over time; the process parameters for recycling can be optimized or preset to optimal reaction conditions; and the final chemical product produced by the recycling process has uniform quality. Homogenized ASR exhibits less segregation during transport; it has improved flow characteristics, making it easy to discharge from bottom discharge containers, for example, without clogging or rat-hole phenomena. Transportation costs can also be reduced, for example, due to the reduced volume of homogenized ASR. During discharge, dust formation and static charge formation are reduced with homogenized ASR.

Claims

1. A method for conditioning automobile crushing residue into a raw material stream, the method comprising the following steps: a) Breaking a first vehicle containing polymer vehicle parts at a first location to produce a first automotive debris containing a mixture of plastic fragments; b) Destroy another vehicle at a different location to generate additional automotive debris. c) Transport the first automotive debris and the other automotive debris to a storage location at the mixing point; and d) Mix the first automotive debris with the other automotive debris to obtain homogenized automotive debris.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of recycling the homogenized automotive debris by pyrolysis, depolymerization or gasification.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, This recycling process involves continuous pyrolysis, continuous depolymerization, or continuous gasification.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, At least two batches of the first automotive crushed residue are mixed at the first location.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein, At least two batches of the additional automotive debris were mixed at these additional locations.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein, The first and the second pieces of vehicle debris were transported in bulk.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein, This blending is carried out through continuous blending.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein, The blending is carried out by continuous rotary blending, continuous static blending, or continuous conveyor belt blending.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein, The mixing is carried out using a rotary drum mixer.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein, The blending is carried out through a blending silo.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein, The blending is carried out via a continuous conveyor belt.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein, The homogenized automotive debris contains at least 80 wt%, preferably at least 90 wt%, of target plastic fragments made from a selection of the following target plastic types: polyolefins, polyamides, polyurethanes, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, polyoxymethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, or mixtures thereof.

13. A method, preferably the method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, comprising the following steps: - The homogenized automotive debris or chemical material that can be obtained or acquired by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 15 is converted to obtain product PRF1.

14. A method for conditioning automobile crushing residue into a feed stream, the method comprising: The step of recycling homogenized automotive debris through pyrolysis, depolymerization, or gasification, wherein the homogenized automotive debris is obtained by the following: a) Breaking a first vehicle containing polymer vehicle parts at a first location to produce a first automotive debris containing a mixture of plastic fragments; b) Destroy another vehicle at a different location to generate additional automotive debris. c) Transport the first automotive debris and the other automotive debris to a storage location at the mixing point; and d) Mix the first automotive debris with the other automotive debris to obtain the homogenized automotive debris.

15. A homogenized automotive debris as defined in any one of claims 1 to 13, having a mixing degree of at least 0.

7.

16. The homogenized automotive debris according to claim 15, wherein, The degree of mixing is calculated using the following equation (1): Degree of mixing = (δC0 - δC) / (δC0 - δCf) (1) Furthermore, the degree of mixing is calculated based on the standard deviation of characteristic values, which are determined for samples taken from the homogenized automotive debris. -δC0 represents the standard deviation of the eigenvalues ​​when there is no mixing. -δCf represents the standard deviation of the eigenvalues ​​when the mixture is fully performed, and -δC represents the standard deviation of the characteristic values ​​of these samples.

17. The homogenized automotive debris according to claim 15 or 16, wherein, The homogenized automotive debris contains less than 0.1 wt% of cables, wires, and ropes longer than 12 cm.

18. The homogenized automotive debris according to any one of claims 15 to 17, wherein, The homogenized automotive debris contains up to 1 wt% of polyurethane foam fragments.

19. The homogenized automotive debris according to any one of claims 15 to 18, wherein, The homogenized automotive debris contains less than 20 wt% debris dust.

20. The homogenized automotive debris according to any one of claims 15 to 19, wherein, The homogenized automotive debris contains at least 80 wt%, preferably at least 90 wt%, of target plastic fragments made from a selection of the following target plastic types: polyolefins, polyamides, polyurethanes, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, polyoxymethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, or mixtures thereof.

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