Network energy saving using blind scell addition for carrier aggregation

Abstract

Embodiments of the present disclosure disclose a gNodeB centralized unit (gNB-CU). The gNB-CU is configured to receive, at a primary cell (PCell), UE measurement reports of candidate secondary cells (SCells) from a plurality of user equipments (UEs). The gNB-CU is then configured to generate a mapping of the candidate SCells that are contiguous to each other based on the UE measurement reports. The mapping of the candidate SCells includes a list of the candidate SCells against one or more respective neighboring SCells. The gNB-CU is then configured to store the mapping of the candidate SCells in a contiguity database. The method includes retrieving, from the contiguity database, one or more contiguous candidate SCells corresponding to at least one candidate SCell from which an SSB transmission is received, and configuring the one or more contiguous candidate SCells with the at least one candidate SCell as SCells for carrier aggregation to a UE.

Description

Cross-reference to related applications

[0001] This application claims priority to Indian Provisional Application No. 202411036230, filed on 7 May 2024, and Indian Non-Provisional Application No. 202411036230, filed on 30 October 2024, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] The embodiments disclosed herein generally relate to NES in Network Energy Saving (NES) cells added using blind auxiliary cells (SCells) for carrier aggregation. Background Technology

[0003] Modern communication systems, such as 5G mobile communication technology, have revolutionized industries with their increased speed, reduced latency, and improved reliability. Fifth-generation (5G) technology is designed to provide high-speed, low-latency, and reliable communication services to enable the delivery of massive amounts of data. Data typically flows from internet servers to 5G user equipment (UE). This enables the seamless transmission of large amounts of data over wireless networks.

[0004] Carrier aggregation (CA) is a technique that combines multiple frequency bands in a communication network to facilitate communication with user equipment (UE). CA enables simultaneous data transmission across various spectrums in a fast and efficient manner. When two or more spectrum portions (component carriers) are aggregated, one of the component carriers is the primary component carrier, while the others are secondary component carriers. The cell serving the primary component carrier is called the primary cell (PCell) or anchor cell, while the cell serving the secondary component carriers is called the secondary cell (SCell).

[0005] In a communication network, SCells can be added and activated for a UE. During carrier aggregation, initially, the UE is attached to a PCell, and the UE is in RRC_Connected mode (RRC stands for Radio Resource Control). The PCell can be referred to as the anchor cell. The PCell configures the SCell and adds it to a capable UE based on the Synchronization Signal Block (SSB) measurement report from the UE. The measurement report, which indicates the measurement quality, allows the PCell to select a suitable SCell as a good candidate for CA. When the bit rate requirement of the downlink (DL) or uplink (UL) transmission associated with the UE increases, the PCell activates one or more previously configured SCells. For a specific SCell activation, the UE measures the SSB from the specific SCell for one or more parameters described in 3GPP TS 38.133 (Article 8.3).

[0006] Regarding the New Radio (NR) releases, 3GPP has introduced several enhancements to SCell activation to support Network Energy Saving (NES). For example, NR Rel-15 introduced SSB-free SCells for in-band contiguous CA, where the SCell can be configured without an SSB when configured with an in-band contiguous serving cell. Furthermore, NR Rel-17 introduced fast SCell activation, which incorporates an asynchronous tracking reference signal (A-TRS) to reduce SCell activation delay for known SCells. This applies to known cells without any restrictions on co-location, and the SCell can be in-band or inter-band frequency range 1 (FR1) or frequency range 2 (FR2). Additionally, NR Rel-18 provides details for SSB-free SCells for inter-band co-located CA in FR1, where the SCell can be configured without an SSB if there is another active inter-band serving cell in FR1, provided certain conditions are met. The conditions under which inter-band SCells can be SSB-free are being discussed in 3GPP RAN4.

[0007] In Rel 18, the concept of "NES" cells was introduced, which refers to a SCell in a CA scenario. When there is no UE transmission in the cell, the NES cell does not need to send SSBs, thus allowing the cell to be in energy-saving mode. In other words, NES cells have the flexibility to not send periodic SSBs, thus promoting energy saving when there is no UE transmission in the associated cell.

[0008] In the 3GPP RAN1 NES work item, such as Figure 1 As shown, various scenarios are defined. Scenario #1 refers to the scenario before the UE is configured with an SCell. In this scenario, an on-demand SSB (OD-SSB) can be triggered for the SCell, allowing the UE to perform measurements. Scenario #2 refers to the scenario when the SCell is configured to the UE, but before the UE receives the SCell activation command, as defined in TS 38.321. Scenario #3A refers to the scenario after the UE receives the SCell activation command, where an SSB transmission on the NES cell is required to support SCell addition when the SCell needs to be activated, as defined in TS 38.321. Scenario #3B refers to the scenario when the SCell is activated for the UE.

[0009] According to existing technology, even when no UE is attached to an SCell (NES Cell), the SCell still needs to send SSBs to support CA operation. This reduces energy efficiency gains. In other words, SSB transmissions are required in (multiple) SCells for UEs attached to a PCell to perform measurements. The UE reports the measurements back to the PCell for the base station (gNode B) to configure (multiple) SCells to the UE. If (multiple) SCells do not periodically send SSBs (based on Rel-18), the above steps cannot be performed. Therefore, there is an option to trigger on-demand (OD) SSBs on the SCell before the PCell configures the SCell to the UE based on the UE's measurement reports. However, in this scenario, dormant SCells (without active SSB transmissions) need to be woken up and send SSBs for the UE to perform and report measurements.

[0010] When multiple NES Scells are located under the coverage of a PCell (or anchor cell), all NES Scells need to be triggered to transmit SSBs during Scell ​​configuration and activation for carrier aggregation. This limits energy saving gains. Therefore, there is room for further optimization of energy saving in NES cells.

[0011] The information disclosed in this Background section is intended only to enhance the understanding of the general background of this disclosure and should not be construed as an admission or in any way implying that the information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0012] Multiple SCells require SSB transmissions for UEs attached to PCells to perform measurements. The UE reports measurements back to the PCell for the base station (gNode B) to configure the multiple SCells to the UE. If the multiple SCells do not periodically transmit SSBs (based on Rel-18), the above steps cannot be performed. Therefore, there is an option to trigger on-demand (OD) SSBs on the SCell before the PCell configures the SCell to the UE based on the UE's measurement reports. However, in this scenario, dormant SCells (without active SSB transmissions) need to be woken up and transmit SSBs for the UE to perform and report measurements. In cases where multiple NES Scells are under the coverage of a PCell (or anchor cell), all NES Scells will need to be triggered to transmit SSBs during Scell ​​configuration and Scell ​​activation for carrier aggregation. This limits energy saving gains. Therefore, there is a need in the art to further optimize energy saving in NES cells.

[0013] In one non-limiting embodiment of this disclosure, a gNodeB centralized unit (gNB-CU) is disclosed. The gNB-CU is configured to receive UE measurement reports from multiple user equipments (UEs) at the primary cell (PCell) for candidate secondary cells (SCells). The UE measurement reports include the reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), and signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of one or more candidate SCells. The gNB-CU is then configured to generate a mapping of adjacent candidate SCells based on the UE measurement reports. This candidate SCell mapping includes a list of candidate SCells corresponding to one or more adjacent SCells. The gNB-CU is then configured to store the candidate SCell mapping in an adjacency database.

[0014] In one non-limiting embodiment of this disclosure, a gNodeB centralized unit (gNB-CU) is disclosed. The gNB-CU is configured to receive measurement reports from a user equipment (UE) that include synchronization signal block (SSB) transmissions comprising at least one candidate secondary cell (SCell). The gNB-CU is then configured to retrieve one or more adjacent candidate SCells corresponding to the at least one candidate SCell from an adjacency database, and to configure the one or more adjacent candidate SCells, together with the at least one candidate SCell, as SCells for carrier aggregation to the UE.

[0015] In another non-limiting embodiment of this disclosure, a method is disclosed. The method includes receiving UE measurement reports of candidate secondary cells (SCells) from a plurality of user equipments (UEs) at a primary cell (PCell). The UE measurement reports include reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), and signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of one or more candidate SCells. The method then includes generating a mapping of adjacent candidate SCells based on the UE measurement reports. The candidate SCell mapping includes a list of candidate SCells corresponding to one or more corresponding neighboring SCells. The method further includes storing the candidate SCell mapping in an adjacency database.

[0016] In another non-limiting embodiment of this disclosure, a method is disclosed. The method includes receiving a measurement report from a user equipment (UE) of a synchronization signal block (SSB) transmission including at least one candidate secondary cell (SCell). The method then includes retrieving one or more adjacent candidate SCells corresponding to the at least one candidate SCell from an adjacency database. The method then includes configuring the one or more adjacent candidate SCells, together with the at least one candidate SCell, as SCells for carrier aggregation to the UE.

[0017] In another non-limiting embodiment of this disclosure, a non-transient computer-readable medium is disclosed. This non-transient computer-readable medium has computer-readable instructions that, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the operation of receiving UE measurement reports of candidate secondary cells (SCells) from multiple user equipments (UEs) at the primary cell (PCell). The UE measurement reports include the reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), and signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of one or more candidate SCells. When executed by the apparatus, the computer-readable instructions also cause the apparatus to perform the operation of generating a mapping of adjacent candidate SCells based on the UE measurement reports. The candidate SCell mapping includes a list of candidate SCells corresponding to one or more corresponding neighboring SCells. When executed by the apparatus, the computer-readable instructions also cause the apparatus to perform the operation of storing the candidate SCell mapping in an adjacency database.

[0018] In another non-limiting embodiment of this disclosure, a non-transient computer-readable medium is disclosed. This non-transient computer-readable medium has computer-readable instructions that, when executed by a device, cause the device to perform the operation of receiving a measurement report from a user equipment (UE) that includes a synchronization signal block (SSB) transmission comprising at least one candidate secondary cell (SCell). When executed by the device, the computer-readable instructions also cause the device to perform the operation of retrieving one or more adjacent candidate SCells corresponding to the at least one candidate SCell from an adjacency database. When executed by the device, the computer-readable instructions also cause the device to perform the operation of configuring one or more adjacent candidate SCells, together with the at least one candidate SCell, as SCells for carrier aggregation to the UE. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Other embodiments and advantages of this disclosure will be readily understood from the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings. Reference numerals are used to denote elements that are identical or functionally similar. According to this disclosure, the accompanying drawings, in conjunction with the following detailed description and forming a part of this specification, serve to further illustrate the embodiments and explain various principles and advantages, in which:

[0020] Figure 1 The illustrations depict various scenarios defined in the RAN1 NES work item according to some embodiments of this disclosure;

[0021] Figure 2 The illustration depicts a communication environment of a user equipment (UE) and multiple cells according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0022] Figure 3 The illustration shows the creation of an adjacency database according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0023] Figure 4 The illustration shows a detailed diagram of an apparatus for creating an adjacency database and for blind SCell addition during carrier aggregation, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 5 A flowchart of a method for creating an adjacency database according to some embodiments of the present disclosure is shown;

[0025] Figure 6 A flowchart illustrating a method for blind SCell addition during carrier aggregation according to some embodiments of the present disclosure is shown; and

[0026] Figure 7 A diagram illustrates an example component of a gNodeB centralized unit (gNB-CU) for adjacency database creation and for blind Scell ​​addition during carrier aggregation, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The following detailed description of exemplary embodiments is provided with reference to the accompanying drawings. The foregoing disclosure provides illustrations and descriptions, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit implementations to the precise forms disclosed. Modifications and variations are possible based on the foregoing disclosure, or may be obtained from the practice of implementation. Furthermore, one or more features or components of one embodiment may be incorporated into or combined with another embodiment (or one or more features of another embodiment). Additionally, the flowcharts and operational descriptions provided below relate to one embodiment in various embodiments. It should be noted that other embodiments may be made that do not perfectly match the flowcharts and their descriptions. It should be understood that in other embodiments, one or more operations may be omitted, one or more operations may be added, and one or more operations may be performed (at least partially) simultaneously.

[0028] It is evident that the systems and / or methods described herein can be implemented in various forms of hardware, software, or combinations of hardware and software. The actual dedicated control hardware or software code used to implement these systems and / or methods does not limit their implementation. Therefore, since the operation and behavior of systems and / or methods are described herein without reference to specific software code, it should be understood that software and hardware can be designed to implement the systems and / or methods based on the descriptions herein.

[0029] Even if a combination of specific features is listed in the claims and / or disclosed in this specification, such combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of implementation. In fact, many of these features can be combined in ways not specifically listed in the claims and / or not disclosed in the specification. Although each dependent claim listed below may depend directly on only one claim, the disclosure of implementation includes a combination of each dependent claim with every other claim in the claim set.

[0030] No element, action, or instruction used herein should be construed as critical or necessary unless explicitly stated otherwise. Furthermore, as used herein, the terms “a” and “an” are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more.” Additionally, as used herein, the terms “have,” “possess,” “contain,” “include,” “comprise,” etc., are intended to be open-ended terms. Furthermore, unless explicitly stated otherwise, the phrase “based on” is intended to mean “at least partially based on.” Furthermore, expressions such as “at least one of [A] and [B],” “[A] and / or [B],” or “at least one of [A] or [B]” should be understood to include only A, only B, or both A and B.

[0031] The foregoing disclosure provides illustrations and descriptions, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit implementations to the precise forms disclosed. Modifications and variations are possible based on the foregoing disclosure, or may be derived from the practice of implementation.

[0032] It should be noted that, for ease of interpretation, this disclosure uses the terms and names defined in the 3GPP RAN standard. More specifically, the terms 'Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)', 'Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ)', 'Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR)', 'Random Access Channel (RACH) Key Performance Indicator (KPI)', 'Handover (HO) Key Performance Indicator (KPI)', 'Sell Cell Configuration Success Rate', 'Sell Cell Activation Success Rate', and 'Data Network' will be interpreted as defined by the 3GPP RAN standard.

[0033] In one embodiment, the gNodeB centralized unit (gNB-CU) can specify or create an adjacency database that stores mappings of candidate Scells, which include a list of candidate Scells corresponding to one or more adjacent Scells. In another embodiment, the gNB-CU can use the adjacency database to configure one or more adjacent candidate Scells for carrier aggregation without any SSB transmissions from one or more adjacent candidate Scells. (See reference) Figures 1-7 This section provides a detailed explanation of gNB-CU adjacency database creation for carrier aggregation and SCell configuration based on the adjacency database.

[0034] Figure 1 The illustration shows a schematic architecture 100 of a 5G communication system in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be practiced.

[0035] In the 3GPP RAN1 NES work item, such as Figure 1 As shown, various scenarios for carrier aggregation have been defined. Scenario #1 refers to the time before the UE is configured with SCells for carrier aggregation. In this scenario, an on-demand SSB (OD-SSB) can be triggered for one or more SCells, allowing the UE to perform measurements and determine whether the SCell meets one or more predefined SCell configuration criteria.

[0036] Scenario #2 refers to the time before the SCell is configured to the UE but before the UE receives the SCell activation command, as defined in TS38.321. The UE continues to utilize the bandwidth provided by its attached PCell for data transmission and reception.

[0037] Scenario #3A refers to a scenario where, after the UE receives an SCell activation command from the PCell, the UE requires additional bandwidth due to increased bit rate requirements for its downlink (DL) / uplink (UL) transmissions. When an SCell needs to be activated, an SSB transmission on the NESSCell is required to support the SCell addition, as defined in TS 38.321. In this scenario, the SCell is first activated from sleep / deactivation mode, and the SCell needs to send an SSB transmission. The PCell then evaluates the SCell's SSB transmission to check whether the SCell meets one or more predefined criteria related to SCell activation for carrier aggregation.

[0038] Scenario #3B refers to the situation where the SCell is activated for the UE and the UE can access the SCell. Given the above scenarios, Scenario #1 represents a scenario where there is room for further optimization of energy saving in the NES cell, and energy saving in the NES cell can be maximized.

[0039] In embodiments of this disclosure, during scenario #1, one or more SCells may remain in a low-energy state. Based on UE measurement reports given to the PCell, the gNB CU can maintain a mapping of neighboring cells, allowing the PCell to know which reported cells are adjacent neighbors. For example, if a UE reports multiple cells, the PCell knows which two cells are neighbors and are simultaneously visible to RRC-connected UEs (at some location within the PCell). This UE measurement report data can be used long-term to build a robust adjacency database, distinct from information available in Operation, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) protocols, inventory databases, or Neighbor Relationship Tables (NRTs).

[0040] In this embodiment, using an adjacency database, the PCell can minimize OD-SSB triggering on all NES Cells. If a particular NES Cell has an ongoing OD-SSB (or periodic SSB) transmission and is configured as the UE's Scell, the PCell can also configure "neighboring cells" as potential Scells for that UE with a high probability of success, without these additional cells having to send OD-SSBs, thereby optimizing energy saving in the NES Cell.

[0041] Figure 2 The illustration depicts a communication environment 200 of a user equipment (UE) and multiple cells according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0042] The communication environment 200 may include a gNB, which includes a gNodeB centralized unit (gNB-CU) 201 and a gNodeB distributed unit (gNB-DU) 203 that communicate with each other via an F1 interface. The gNB-DU 203 may have multiple cells 220. The multiple cells 220 may include a primary cell (PCell) or anchor cell 212 and multiple secondary cells (SCells) 214a-214g. The UE 210 may reside within the coverage area of ​​the PCell 212.

[0043] Figure 2 The number of SCells depicted is exemplary, and any other number of SCells is entirely within the scope of this disclosure. PCell 212 acts as the primary anchor for UE 210 within the cell group. SCells 214a-214g can be dynamically activated or deactivated based on network conditions.

[0044] In one aspect of this disclosure, one or more Scells (i.e., in Network Energy Saving (NES) mode) may remain in a low-power state or a sleep state before being configured as an Scell ​​by the UE 210. The PCell 212 may construct and maintain a database for recording information about the SCells in the plurality of adjacent SCells 214a-214g.

[0045] This database can be called the Adjacency Database (ADB). It can be constructed based on long-term historical data. Based on the UE measurement reports given to the PCell, the gNB-CU 202 can maintain a mapping of neighboring SCells, allowing the PCell to know which reporting SCells are adjacent neighbors. This mapping can be maintained in the form of a mapping table, as described in the following embodiment.

[0046] The adjacency database is constructed in a manner different from information available from Operations, Administration and Maintenance (OAM) or inventory databases or Neighbor Relationship Tables (NRT). In this embodiment, two cells are considered adjacent to each other when a UE with the same RRC connection in a given PCell reports neighboring cells in its measurement report.

[0047] When UE 210 reports multiple SCells 214a-214g, PCell 212 retrieves information about those specific cells (e.g., SCells 214a-214b) seen by the UE with the RRC connection. For example, if UE 210 reports multiple cells, PCell 212 knows which cells are neighbors and are simultaneously visible to the UE 210 with the RRC connection located somewhere in PCell 212. Therefore, if one of these cells is configured as an SCell, the other neighboring cell can also be configured as an SCell for the same UE 210. For example, if cell 214a is configured as an SCell, cell 214b can also be configured as an SCell.

[0048] In this embodiment, ADB can be further enhanced based on an artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) model, at least based on the success rate of past SCell configurations and activations. The AI / ML model can be based on the success rate of past SCell configurations and activations, UE measurement reports, and key performance indicators (KPIs) for handover (HO) and random access channel (RACH).

[0049] For example, suppose two cells 214a and 214b are adjacent to each other, such as Figure 2As shown. Using ADB, PCell 212 configures these two SCells for UE 210. When SCells 214a and 214b are activated, one of these cells may not meet one or more predefined measurement threshold conditions to be a good candidate for carrier aggregation. In this case, ADB will be pruned, and if the two cells fail to be activated together as Scells for the same UE 210, the adjacency between the two cells may be removed over time.

[0050] For SCell configuration, if one of the SCells has been triggered to send an OD-SSB or is sending a periodic SSB, UE 210 in PCell 212 reports the SSB measurement for the SCell. The PCell can then configure that cell as the UE's SCell. Furthermore, based on the created adjacency database, PCell 212 can also monitor for any dormant / deactivated SCells adjacent to the configured SCell. If an adjacent dormant SCell exists, the PCell can also configure the dormant SCell to UE 210 without triggering the dormant SCell to send an OD-SSB (or periodic SSB).

[0051] Therefore, by keeping the dormant Scell ​​dormant until it is activated, energy-saving gains are achieved, and the sleep opportunity of the dormant Scell ​​is maximized. Using ADB, PCell 212 can minimize the triggering of on-demand SSBs (OD-SSBs) on all such NES cells adjacent to the configured Scell. If a particular NES cell has an ongoing OD-SSB (or periodic SSB) transmission and is configured as the Scell ​​of UE 210, PCell 210 can also configure "neighboring cells" as potential Scells for that UE with a high probability of success, without these additional cells having to send OD-SSBs.

[0052] Because the SCell configuration for a specific NES cell is not based on the current measurements of that specific NES cell, this functionality results in the blind addition of SCells for one or more NES cells. This facilitates faster SCell configuration because there is no latency associated with UE measurement reporting. Furthermore, it achieves operating expense (OPEX) savings due to lower energy consumption and meets green initiative goals.

[0053] In this embodiment, for SCell activation, all configured NES cells need to send an OD-SSB for accurate and rapid SCell activation. Since OD-SSB transmission is delayed or completely avoided during the configuration phase, additional energy savings are achieved in the NES SCell.

[0054] In this embodiment, the above details apply to both inter-frequency carriers and intra-frequency carriers, without any limitation on the carrier pairings. In this embodiment, the above details apply to frequency ranges (FR1) and FR2. However, the above techniques are not limited to SSB or OD-SSB transmissions and can also be applied to On-Demand System Information Block 1 (SIB1) transmission.

[0055] Figure 3 The illustration shows the creation of an adjacency database 302 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0056] In embodiments of this disclosure, an adjacency database (ADB) 302 may be associated with a PCell 310 referred to as an anchor cell. NES cells, or SCell AJs, are depicted. The adjacency database 302 may include information 304 regarding the adjacency of NES cells AJs. For example, information 304 defines neighboring cells for each NES cell. In the illustrated example, neighboring cells for each NES cell, as stored in the ADB 302, are shown in Table 1. Table 1

[0057] If the UE in PCell 310 reports in its measurement report that cell E has triggered OD-SSB, then PCell (anchor cell) 310 will configure cell E as the UE's SCell. Then, the PCell can configure cells F and G as SCells to the UE without explicitly triggering OD-SSB on cells F and G.

[0058] Therefore, since the SCell configuration of a specific NES cell is not based on the current measurements of that specific NES cell, this disclosure enables blind SCell addition of neighboring NES cells. Furthermore, this disclosure facilitates faster SCell configuration because there is no delay associated with UE measurement reporting.

[0059] Now for reference Figure 4 The illustration shows a detailed diagram of an apparatus 400 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The apparatus 400 may be a gNodeB centralized unit (gNB-CU) 202 or a gNB, as described in the above embodiments.

[0060] In some implementations, device 400 may include I / O interface 401, processor 403, and memory 405. In one embodiment, memory 405 may be communicatively coupled to processor 403. Processor 403 may be configured to perform one or more functions of gNB-CU 202 for the generation of an adjacency database. In one embodiment, memory 405 may store data 407. Although Figure 4The hardware components of the gNB-CU 202 are shown, but it should be understood that other embodiments are not limited thereto. In other embodiments, the gNB-CU 202 may include fewer or more components. Furthermore, the labels or names of the components are for illustrative purposes only and do not limit the scope.

[0061] In this embodiment, the data 407 stored in memory 405 may include, but is not limited to, an adjacency database. Furthermore, memory 405 may include an AI / ML model 409. In some implementations, data 407 may be stored within memory 405 in various data structures. Additionally, data 407 may be organized using a data model such as a relational or hierarchical data model.

[0062] As used herein, the term processor can refer to an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), electronic circuitry, hardware processor 403 (shared, dedicated, or grouped), and memory, combinational logic circuitry, and / or other suitable components that provide the functions described above, executing one or more software or firmware programs. In implementations, processor 403 may be configured as a stand-alone hardware computing unit. In embodiments, processor 403 may be used to perform a wide variety of functions on gNB-CU 202.

[0063] I / O interface 401 may allow device 400 to communicate directly with one or more nodes / devices or through other devices. I / O interface 401 may include a network interface to allow device 400 to interact directly with one or more networks or via any other network.

[0064] Processor 403 can be configured to receive UE measurement reports from multiple candidate secondary cells (SCells) at the primary cell (PCell). RRC-connected UEs can perform measurements periodically. The UE measurement report includes the reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), and signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of one or more candidate SCells. The UE measurement report is not limited to the examples above and may include any other parameters defined in the standard or known to those skilled in the art.

[0065] Processor 403 can be configured to generate a mapping of adjacent candidate SCells based on UE measurement reports. The candidate SCell mapping includes a list of candidate SCells corresponding to one or more corresponding neighboring SCells. This candidate SCell mapping can be in the form of a mapping table as shown in Table 1 above. If one or more UEs report the same SCell in their respective measurement reports, the SCell is updated as a neighbor in the mapping table.

[0066] The processor 403 can then be configured to store the mapping of candidate SCells in an adjacency database. This adjacency database stores the mapping of candidate SCells in the form of a mapping table. The adjacency database can be updated at regular intervals based on monitoring of multiple parameters. In one embodiment, the adjacency database can be updated using an AI / ML model 409.

[0067] To update the adjacency database, processor 403 can be configured to monitor multiple parameters associated with candidate SCells when configuring carrier aggregation for multiple UEs. These multiple parameters may include the SCell configuration for each of the multiple UEs, the SCell activation status for each of the multiple UEs, and handover (HO) key performance indicators (KPIs). However, the multiple parameters are not limited to the examples above, and any other parameters that help determine adjacent SCells are within the scope of this disclosure.

[0068] To update the mapping of candidate SCells in the adjacency database, processor 403 can be configured to determine the success rate of SCell configuration and the success rate of SCell activation, and to determine whether the HO KPIs meet predetermined criteria. The HO KPIs include the HO failure rate between the PCell and its neighboring SCells and the HO success rate between the PCell and its neighboring SCells.

[0069] If the success rate of SCell configuration and the success rate of SCell activation for adjacent candidate SCells are less than the corresponding thresholds, processor 403 can be configured to prune adjacent candidate SCells from the adjacency database. If the failure rate of HO between PCell and adjacent SCell is greater than the failure threshold, and the success rate of HO between PCell and adjacent SCell is less than the success threshold, processor 403 can be configured to prune adjacent candidate SCells from the adjacency database.

[0070] The success rate of SCell configuration is defined based on the number of times the SCell is configured for the UE, and the success rate of SCell activation is defined based on the number of times the SCell is activated for the UE and the number of times the UE cannot access the SCell after activation.

[0071] In an exemplary embodiment, the SCell activation success rate for each PCell-SCell pair can be defined as: A = the number of times the SCell is added to the UE configuration; B=SCell has been set for the number of times the UE has been activated; C=SCell has been set for the number of times the UE has been activated, but the UE has not yet successfully accessed SCell (due to various reasons). SCell activation success rate = on all UEs The average value of ………………………(1)

[0072] In another embodiment, the AI / ML model 409 can be trained by the processor 403. The processor 403 can be configured to train the AI / ML model 409 using multiple samples, including UE-reported RSRP, RSRQ, and SINR for each SCell, Random Access Channel (RACH) Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), Handover (HO) KPIs, and the success rate of previous carrier aggregation activation for each sample. In the same embodiment, to update the mapping of candidate SCells in the adjacency database, the processor 403 can be configured to provide the AI / ML model 409 with UE-reported RSRP, RSRQ, and SINR, RACH KPIs, and SCell HO KPIs, and update the mapping of candidate SCells in the adjacency database based on the output of the AI / ML model 409.

[0073] In embodiments of this disclosure, the application of adjacency databases is discussed.

[0074] Processor 403 can be configured to receive measurement reports from user equipment (UE) including synchronization signal block (SSB) transmissions of at least one candidate secondary cell (SCell). The SSB transmissions include either on-demand (OD) SSB transmissions or periodic SSB transmissions of at least one candidate SCell.

[0075] Processor 403 can be configured to retrieve one or more adjacent candidate SCells corresponding to at least one candidate SCell from an adjacency database. This adjacency database may correspond to the database of adjacent SCells discussed in the above embodiments. The adjacency database includes a mapping of candidate SCells that are adjacent to each other, and the candidate SCell mapping may include a list of candidate SCells corresponding to one or more corresponding adjacent SCells. One or more adjacent candidate SCells corresponding to at least one candidate SCell that sent the SSB are in a deactivated mode.

[0076] Processor 403 can be configured to assign one or more adjacent candidate SCells together with at least one candidate SCell as an SCell for carrier aggregation to the UE. To assign one or more adjacent candidate SCells together with at least one candidate SCell as an SCell for carrier aggregation, processor 403 can be configured to: determine whether the reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), and signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of at least one candidate SCell are greater than corresponding thresholds, and based on this determination, assign one or more adjacent candidate SCells together with at least one candidate SCell as an SCell.

[0077] Therefore, since the SCell configuration of a specific NES cell is not based on the current measurements of that specific NES cell, device 400 enables blind SCell addition for neighboring NES cells. Furthermore, device 400 facilitates faster SCell configuration because there is no latency associated with UE measurement reports from neighboring NES cells.

[0078] Now for reference Figure 5 The diagram illustrates a flowchart of a method for creating an adjacency database. Method 500 is provided for illustrative purposes only, and embodiments are intended to include or otherwise cover network energy saving (NES) and carrier aggregation processes. In a non-limiting embodiment, method 400 may be performed by gNB CU 202 or gNB, as discussed in the embodiments described above.

[0079] Method 500 may include, at block 501, receiving UE measurement reports of candidate secondary cells (SCells) from multiple user equipments (UEs) at the primary cell (PCell). The UE measurement reports include the reference signal received power (RSRP), the reference signal received quality (RSRQ), and the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of one or more candidate SCells.

[0080] Method 500 may include, at block 503, generating a mapping of adjacent candidate SCells based on UE measurement reports. This candidate SCell mapping includes a list of candidate SCells corresponding to one or more corresponding neighboring SCells. The candidate SCell mapping may be in the form of a mapping table as shown in Table 1 above. If one or more UEs report the same SCell in their respective measurement reports, the SCell is updated as a neighbor in the mapping table.

[0081] Method 500 may include, at block 505, storing the mapping of candidate SCells in an adjacency database. The adjacency database stores the mapping of candidate SCells in the form of a mapping table. The adjacency database may be updated at regular intervals based on monitoring of multiple parameters. In one embodiment, the adjacency database may be updated using an AI / ML model.

[0082] To update the adjacency database, method 500 may include monitoring multiple parameters associated with candidate SCells when configuring carrier aggregation for multiple UEs. These multiple parameters may include the SCell configuration for each of the multiple UEs, the SCell activation status for each of the multiple UEs, and handover (HO) key performance indicators (KPIs). However, the multiple parameters are not limited to the examples above, and any other parameters that help determine adjacent SCells are within the scope of this disclosure.

[0083] Then, in order to update the mapping of candidate SCells in the adjacency database, method 500 may include determining the success rate of SCell configuration and the success rate of SCell activation, and determining whether the HO KPIs meet predetermined criteria. The HO KPIs include the HO failure rate between the PCell and its neighboring SCells and the HO success rate between the PCell and its neighboring SCells.

[0084] If the success rate of SCell configuration and the success rate of SCell activation for adjacent candidate SCells are less than a corresponding threshold, then method 500 includes pruning adjacent candidate SCells from the adjacency database. If the HO failure rate between a PCell and its adjacent SCells is greater than a failure threshold, and the HO success rate between a PCell and its adjacent SCells is less than a success threshold, then method 500 includes pruning adjacent candidate SCells from the adjacency database.

[0085] The success rate of SCell configuration is defined based on the number of times the SCell is configured for the UE, and the success rate of SCell activation is defined based on the number of times the SCell is activated for the UE and the number of times the UE cannot access the SCell after its activation. In an exemplary embodiment, the SCell activation success rate can be defined for each PCell-SCell pair according to equation (1) discussed in the above embodiments.

[0086] In another embodiment, method 500 may further include training an AI / ML model using multiple samples, including UE-reported RSRP, RSRQ, and SINR for each SCell, Random Access Channel (RACH) Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), Handover (HO) KPIs, and the success rate of previous carrier aggregation activation for each sample. In the same embodiment, to update the mapping of candidate SCells in the adjacency database, method 500 may include providing the AI / ML model with UE-reported RSRP, RSRQ, and SINR, RACH KPIs, and SCell HO KPIs, and updating the mapping of candidate SCells in the adjacency database based on the output of the AI / ML model.

[0087] Now for reference Figure 6 The diagram illustrates a flowchart of a method for blind SCell addition during carrier aggregation. Method 600 is provided for illustrative purposes only, and embodiments are intended to include or otherwise cover the Network Energy Saving (NES) and carrier aggregation processes. In a non-limiting embodiment, method 600 may be performed by gNB CU 202 or gNB, as discussed in the embodiments described above.

[0088] Method 600 may include, at block 601, receiving a measurement report from a user equipment (UE) including a synchronization signal block (SSB) transmission of at least one candidate secondary cell (SCell). The SSB transmission includes either an on-demand (OD) SSB transmission or a periodic SSB transmission of at least one candidate SCell.

[0089] Method 600 may include, at block 603, retrieving from an adjacency database one or more adjacent candidate SCells corresponding to at least one candidate SCell. This adjacency database may correspond to the database of adjacent SCells discussed in the above embodiments. The adjacency database includes a mapping of candidate SCells that are adjacent to each other, and the candidate SCell mapping may include a list of candidate SCells corresponding to one or more corresponding adjacent SCells. One or more adjacent candidate SCells corresponding to at least one candidate SCell that sent the SSB are in a deactivated mode.

[0090] Method 600 may include, at block 605, configuring one or more adjacent candidate SCells together with at least one candidate SCell as an SCell for carrier aggregation to the UE. To configure one or more adjacent candidate SCells together with at least one candidate SCell as an SCell for carrier aggregation, method 600 may include: determining whether the reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), and signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of at least one candidate SCell are greater than corresponding thresholds, and based on this determination, configuring one or more adjacent candidate SCells together with at least one candidate SCell as an SCell.

[0091] Therefore, since the SCell configuration of a specific NES cell is not based on the current measurements of that specific NES cell, method 600 enables blind SCell addition for neighboring NES cells. Furthermore, method 600 facilitates faster SCell configuration because there is no delay associated with UE measurement reports from neighboring NES cells.

[0092] Figure 7 An embodiment of gNB-CU 700 or gNB is illustrated. For example... Figure 7 As shown, the gNB-CU 700 includes a processor 710, a memory 720, a storage component 730, an input component 740, an output component 750, a communication interface 760, and a bus 770.

[0093] As used herein, processor 710 refers to any type of computing circuit that may include hardware and software elements. Processor 710 may be embodied as a multi-core processor, a single-core processor, or a combination of one or more multi-core processors and / or one or more single-core processors, a distributed processing system, etc. Processor 710 may be a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), an accelerated processing unit (APU), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or another type of processing component.

[0094] Memory 720 includes a non-transient computer-readable medium. Memory 720 includes random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), and / or another type of dynamic or static storage device (e.g., flash memory, magnetic storage, and / or optical storage) for use by processor 710. Memory 720 includes machine-readable instructions executable by processor 710. When executed by processor 710, these machine-readable instructions cause processor 710 to perform one or more method steps of the embodiments described above.

[0095] Storage component 730 stores information and / or software related to the operation and use of gNB-CU 700. For example, storage component 730 may include a hard disk (e.g., magnetic disk, optical disk, magneto-optical disk, and / or solid-state disk), optical disk (CD), digital versatile disk (DVD), floppy disk, cassette tape, magnetic tape, and / or another type of non-transient computer-readable medium, and a corresponding drive.

[0096] Input component 740 is configured to receive information, such as user input. For example, input component 740 may include, but is not limited to, a touchscreen display, keyboard, keypad, mouse, button, switch, and / or microphone. Additionally or alternatively, input component 740 may include sensors for sensing information (e.g., Global Positioning System (GPS), accelerometer, gyroscope, and / or actuator).

[0097] Output component 750 is configured to provide output information from gNB-CU 700. For example, output component 750 may be, but is not limited to, a display, a speaker, instructions to an external device, and / or one or more light-emitting diodes (LEDs).

[0098] Communication interface 760 is an interface that provides communication connections to other devices, such as external and internal devices. Connections via communication interface 760 can be wired, wireless, or a combination of both, and can be direct or indirect connections via a communication network existing between the gNB-CU 700 and other devices. In other words, the standard for communication interface 760 is unrestricted.

[0099] Bus 770 serves as the interconnect between the processor 710, memory 720, storage component 730, input component 740, output component 750, and communication interface 760 of the gNB-CU 700. Bus 770 may include wired or wireless interconnects.

[0100] Figure 7 The number and arrangement of components shown are provided as an example. In practice, with... Figure 7 Compared to those shown, gNB-CU 700 may include additional components, fewer components, different components, or components arranged differently. Additionally or alternatively, a set of components (e.g., one or more components) of gNB-CU 700 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components of gNB-CU 700.

[0101] This disclosure may also include the following embodiments: 1. A gNodeB centralized unit (gNB-CU) is configured as follows: At the primary cell (PCell), UE measurement reports of candidate secondary cells (SCells) are received from multiple user equipment (UEs). The UE measurement reports include the reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), and signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of one or more candidate SCells. A mapping of adjacent candidate SCells is generated based on the UE measurement report, wherein the candidate SCell mapping includes a list of candidate SCells corresponding to one or more adjacent SCells; and The mapping of candidate SCells is stored in the adjacency database. 2. The gNB-CU according to Example 1 is configured as follows: When configuring carrier aggregation for multiple UEs, several parameters associated with candidate SCells are monitored. These parameters include the SCell configuration for each of the multiple UEs, the SCell activation status for each of the multiple UEs, and handover (HO) key performance indicators (KPIs); and The mapping of candidate SCells in the adjacency database is updated based on multiple monitored parameters. 3. According to the gNB-CU of Embodiment 2, updating the mapping of candidate SCells in the adjacency database includes: Determine the success rate of SCell configuration and the success rate of SCell activation; Determine whether the HO KPIs meet the predetermined criteria, where the HO KPIs include the HO failure rate between the PCell and adjacent SCells and the HO success rate between the PCell and adjacent SCells; and Remove adjacent candidate SCells from the adjacency database in the following cases: The success rate of SCell configuration and SCell activation for adjacent candidate SCells is less than the corresponding threshold, and / or The failure rate of HO between PCell and adjacent SCell is greater than the failure threshold, and the success rate of HO between PCell and adjacent SCell is less than the success threshold. 4. The gNB-CU according to Example 3, wherein: The success rate of SCell configuration is defined based on the number of times the SCell is configured for the UE, and The success rate of SCell activation is defined based on the number of times the SCell is activated for the UE and the number of times the UE cannot access the SCell after activation. 5. The gNB-CU according to Example 1 is configured as follows: The AI ​​model was trained using multiple samples, including RSRP, RSRQ, and SINR reported by the UE for each SCell, key performance indicators (KPIs) for the random access channel (RACH), handover (HO) KPIs, and the success rate of previous carrier aggregation activation for each sample. In order to update the mapping of candidate SCells in the adjacency database, gNB-CU is configured as follows: Provide the AI ​​model with RSRP, RSRQ, SINR, RACH key performance indicators (KPIs), and SCell HOKPIs from the UE report; and The mapping of candidate SCells in the adjacency database is updated based on the output of the AI ​​model. 6. The gNB-CU according to Embodiment 1, wherein multiple UEs are in Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection mode. 7. A gNodeB centralized unit (gNB-CU) is configured as follows: Receive measurement reports from the user equipment (UE) including a synchronization signal block (SSB) transmission of at least one candidate secondary cell (SCell); Retrieve one or more adjacent candidate SCells corresponding to at least one candidate SCell from the adjacency database; and One or more adjacent candidate SCells are configured as SCells for carrier aggregation together with at least one candidate SCell to the UE. 8. The gNB-CU according to Embodiment 7, wherein in order to configure one or more adjacent candidate SCells together with at least one candidate SCell as SCells for carrier aggregation, the gNB-CU is configured as follows: Determine whether the reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), and signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of at least one candidate SCell are greater than corresponding thresholds; and Based on this determination, one or more adjacent candidate SCells are configured together with at least one candidate SCell as SCells. 9. The gNB-CU according to Example 7, wherein SSB transmission includes: on-demand (OD) SSB transmission or periodic SSB transmission of at least one candidate SCell. 10. The gNB-CU according to embodiment 7, wherein one or more adjacent candidate SCells corresponding to at least one candidate SCell that transmits SSB are in deactivation mode. 11. The gNB-CU according to embodiment 7, wherein the adjacency database includes a mapping of candidate SCells that are adjacent to each other, wherein the mapping of candidate SCells includes a list of candidate SCells corresponding to one or more corresponding neighboring SCells. 12. A method performed by a gNodeB centralized unit (gNB-CU), the method comprising: At the primary cell (PCell), UE measurement reports of candidate secondary cells (SCells) are received from multiple user equipment (UEs). The UE measurement reports include the reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), and signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of one or more candidate SCells. A mapping of adjacent candidate SCells is generated based on the UE measurement report, wherein the candidate SCell mapping includes a list of candidate SCells corresponding to one or more adjacent SCells; and The mapping of candidate SCells is stored in the adjacency database. 13. The method according to embodiment 12 further includes: When configuring carrier aggregation for multiple UEs, several parameters associated with candidate SCells are monitored. These parameters include the SCell configuration for each of the multiple UEs, the SCell activation status for each of the multiple UEs, and handover (HO) key performance indicators (KPIs); and The mapping of candidate SCells in the adjacency database is updated based on multiple monitored parameters. 14. The method according to embodiment 13, wherein updating the mapping of candidate SCells in the adjacency database includes: Determine the success rate of SCell configuration and the success rate of SCell activation; Determine whether the HO KPIs meet the predetermined criteria, where the HO KPIs include the HO failure rate between the PCell and adjacent SCells and the HO success rate between the PCell and adjacent SCells; and Remove adjacent candidate SCells from the adjacency database in the following cases: The success rate of SCell configuration and SCell activation for adjacent candidate SCells is less than the corresponding threshold, and / or The failure rate of HO between PCell and adjacent SCell is greater than the failure threshold, and the success rate of HO between PCell and adjacent SCell is less than the success threshold. 15. The method according to Example 13, wherein: The success rate of SCell configuration is defined based on the number of times the SCell is configured for the UE, and The success rate of SCell activation is defined based on the number of times the SCell is activated for the UE and the number of times the UE cannot access the SCell after activation. 16. The method according to embodiment 13 further includes: The AI ​​model was trained using multiple samples, including RSRP, RSRQ, and SINR reported by the UE for each SCell, key performance indicators (KPIs) for the random access channel (RACH), handover (HO) KPIs, and the success rate of previous carrier aggregation activation for each sample. The updating of the candidate SCell mapping in the adjacency database includes: Provide the AI ​​model with RSRP, RSRQ, SINR, RACH key performance indicators (KPIs), and SCell HOKPIs from the UE report; and The mapping of candidate SCells in the adjacency database is updated based on the output of the AI ​​model. 17. A method performed by a gNodeB centralized unit (gNB-CU), the method comprising: Receive measurement reports from the user equipment (UE) including a synchronization signal block (SSB) transmission of at least one candidate secondary cell (SCell); Retrieve one or more adjacent candidate SCells corresponding to at least one candidate SCell from the adjacency database; and One or more adjacent candidate SCells are configured as SCells for carrier aggregation together with at least one candidate SCell to the UE. 18. The method according to embodiment 17, wherein configuring one or more adjacent candidate SCells together with at least one candidate SCell as SCells for carrier aggregation includes: Determine whether the reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), and signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of at least one candidate SCell are greater than corresponding thresholds; and Based on this determination, one or more adjacent candidate SCells are configured together with at least one candidate SCell as SCells. 19. The method according to Example 17, wherein the SSB transmission includes: on-demand (OD) SSB transmission or periodic SSB transmission of at least one candidate SCell. 20. The gNB-CU according to embodiment 17, wherein one or more adjacent candidate SCells corresponding to at least one candidate SCell that transmits SSB are in deactivation mode. 21. The gNB-CU according to embodiment 17, wherein the adjacency database includes a mapping of candidate SCells that are adjacent to each other, wherein the mapping of candidate SCells includes a list of candidate SCells corresponding to one or more corresponding neighboring SCells. 22. A non-transient computer-readable medium having computer-readable instructions that, when executed by a device, cause the device to perform the following operations: At the primary cell (PCell), UE measurement reports of candidate secondary cells (SCells) are received from multiple user equipment (UEs). The UE measurement reports include the reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), and signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of one or more candidate SCells. A mapping of adjacent candidate SCells is generated based on the UE measurement report, wherein the candidate SCell mapping includes a list of candidate SCells corresponding to one or more adjacent SCells; and The mapping of candidate SCells is stored in the adjacency database. 23. A non-transient computer-readable medium having computer-readable instructions that, when executed by a device, cause the device to perform the following operations: Receive measurement reports from the user equipment (UE) including a synchronization signal block (SSB) transmission of at least one candidate secondary cell (SCell); Retrieve one or more adjacent candidate SCells corresponding to at least one candidate SCell from the adjacency database; and One or more adjacent candidate SCells are configured as SCells for carrier aggregation together with at least one candidate SCell to the UE.

Claims

1. A gNodeB centralized unit (gNB-CU) is configured as follows: At the primary cell (PCell), UE measurement reports of candidate secondary cells (SCells) are received from multiple user equipment (UEs), wherein the UE measurement reports include the reference signal received power (RSRP), the reference signal received quality (RSRQ), and the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of one or more candidate SCells. Based on the UE measurement report, a mapping of adjacent candidate SCells is generated, wherein the mapping of candidate SCells includes a list of candidate SCells corresponding to one or more adjacent SCells; and The mapping of candidate SCells is stored in the adjacency database.

2. The gNB-CU according to claim 1, configured as follows: When configuring carrier aggregation for the plurality of UEs, multiple parameters associated with the candidate SCell are monitored, including the SCell configuration for each of the plurality of UEs, the SCell activation status for each of the plurality of UEs, and handover (HO) key performance indicators (KPIs); and The mapping of candidate SCells in the adjacency database is updated based on the monitored parameters.

3. The gNB-CU of claim 2, wherein, in order to update the mapping of candidate SCells in the adjacency database, the gNB-CU is configured to: Determine the success rate of the SCell configuration and the success rate of the SCell activation; Determine whether the HO KPI meets the predetermined criteria, wherein the HO KPI includes the HO failure rate between the PCell and its adjacent SCells and the HO success rate between the PCell and its adjacent SCells; and Adjacent candidate SCells are pruned from the adjacency database in the following cases: The success rate of the SCell configuration and the success rate of SCell activation for the adjacent candidate SCells are less than the corresponding thresholds, and / or The failure rate of the HO between the PCell and the adjacent SCell is greater than the failure threshold, and the success rate of the HO between the PCell and the adjacent SCell is less than the success threshold.

4. The gNB-CU according to claim 3, wherein: The success rate of the SCell configuration is defined based on the number of times the SCell is configured for the UE, and The success rate of SCell activation is defined based on the number of times the SCell is activated for the UE and the number of times the UE cannot access the SCell after activation.

5. The gNB-CU according to claim 1, configured as follows: The AI ​​model is trained using multiple samples, including RSRP, RSRQ, and SINR reported by the UE for the SCell, key performance indicators (KPIs) for the random access channel (RACH), handover (HO) KPIs, and the success rate of previous carrier aggregation activation for each sample. In order to update the mapping of candidate SCells in the adjacency database, the gNB-CU is configured as follows: The AI ​​model is provided with RSRP, RSRQ, SINR, RACH key performance indicators (KPIs), and HO KPIs of the SCell; and The mapping of candidate SCells in the adjacency database is updated based on the output of the AI ​​model.

6. The gNB-CU according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of UEs are in Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection mode.

7. A gNodeB centralized unit (gNB-CU) is configured as follows: Receive measurement reports from the user equipment (UE) including a synchronization signal block (SSB) transmission of at least one candidate secondary cell (SCell); Retrieve one or more adjacent candidate SCells corresponding to the at least one candidate SCell from the adjacency database; as well as The one or more adjacent candidate SCells, together with the at least one candidate SCell, are configured as SCells for carrier aggregation for the UE.

8. The gNB-CU of claim 7, wherein in order to configure the one or more adjacent candidate SCells together with the at least one candidate SCell as SCells for carrier aggregation, the gNB-CU is configured as follows: Determine whether the reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), and signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of the at least one candidate SCell are greater than corresponding thresholds; and Based on the determination, the one or more adjacent candidate SCells are configured together with the at least one candidate SCell as a SCell.

9. The gNB-CU according to claim 7, wherein the SSB transmission comprises: On-demand (OD) SSB transmission or periodic SSB transmission of the at least one candidate SCell.

10. The gNB-CU of claim 7, wherein the one or more adjacent candidate SCells corresponding to the at least one candidate SCell that transmits the SSB are in a deactivation mode.

11. The gNB-CU of claim 7, wherein the adjacency database comprises a mapping of candidate SCells that are adjacent to each other, wherein the mapping of candidate SCells comprises a list of candidate SCells corresponding to one or more corresponding neighboring SCells.

12. A method comprising: At the primary cell (PCell), UE measurement reports of candidate secondary cells (SCells) are received from multiple user equipment (UEs), wherein the UE measurement reports include the reference signal received power (RSRP), the reference signal received quality (RSRQ), and the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of one or more candidate SCells. Based on the UE measurement report, a mapping of adjacent candidate SCells is generated, wherein the mapping of candidate SCells includes a list of candidate SCells corresponding to one or more adjacent SCells. as well as The mapping of candidate SCells is stored in the adjacency database.

13. The method of claim 12, further comprising: When configuring carrier aggregation for the plurality of UEs, multiple parameters associated with the candidate SCell are monitored, including the SCell configuration for each of the plurality of UEs, the SCell activation status for each of the plurality of UEs, and the handover (HO) key performance indicators (KPIs). as well as The mapping of candidate SCells in the adjacency database is updated based on the monitored parameters.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein updating the mapping of candidate SCells in the adjacency database comprises: Determine the success rate of the SCell configuration and the success rate of the SCell activation; Determine whether the HO KPI meets the predetermined criteria, wherein the HO KPI includes the HO failure rate between the PCell and its adjacent SCells and the HO success rate between the PCell and its adjacent SCells; and Adjacent candidate SCells are pruned from the adjacency database in the following cases: The success rate of the SCell configuration and the success rate of SCell activation for the adjacent candidate SCells are less than the corresponding thresholds, and / or The failure rate of the HO between the PCell and the adjacent SCell is greater than the failure threshold, and the success rate of the HO between the PCell and the adjacent SCell is less than the success threshold.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein: The success rate of the SCell configuration is defined based on the number of times the SCell is configured for the UE, and The success rate of SCell activation is defined based on the number of times the SCell is activated for the UE and the number of times the UE cannot access the SCell after activation.

16. The method of claim 12, further comprising: The AI ​​model is trained using multiple samples, including RSRP, RSRQ, and SINR reported by the UE for the SCell, key performance indicators (KPIs) for the random access channel (RACH), handover (HO) KPIs, and the success rate of previous carrier aggregation activation for each sample. The updating of the mapping of candidate SCells in the adjacency database includes: The AI ​​model is provided with RSRP, RSRQ, SINR, RACH key performance indicators (KPIs), and HO KPIs of the SCell; and The mapping of candidate SCells in the adjacency database is updated based on the output of the AI ​​model.

17. A method comprising: Receive measurement reports from the user equipment (UE) including a synchronization signal block (SSB) transmission of at least one candidate secondary cell (SCell); Retrieve one or more adjacent candidate SCells corresponding to the at least one candidate SCell from the adjacency database; as well as The one or more adjacent candidate SCells, together with the at least one candidate SCell, are configured as SCells for carrier aggregation for the UE.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein configuring the one or more adjacent candidate SCells together with the at least one candidate SCell as an SCell for carrier aggregation comprises: Determine whether the reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), and signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of the at least one candidate SCell are greater than the corresponding thresholds; as well as Based on the determination, the one or more adjacent candidate SCells are configured together with the at least one candidate SCell as a SCell.

19. The method of claim 17, wherein the SSB transmission comprises: On-demand (OD) SSB transmission or periodic SSB transmission of the at least one candidate SCell.

20. The gNB-CU of claim 17, wherein the one or more adjacent candidate SCells corresponding to the at least one candidate SCell that transmits the SSB are in a deactivation mode.

21. The gNB-CU of claim 17, wherein the adjacency database comprises a mapping of candidate SCells that are adjacent to each other, wherein the mapping of candidate SCells comprises a list of candidate SCells corresponding to one or more corresponding neighboring SCells.

22. A non-transient computer-readable medium having computer-readable instructions, which, when executed by a device, cause the device to perform the following operations: At the primary cell (PCell), UE measurement reports of candidate secondary cells (SCells) are received from multiple user equipment (UEs), wherein the UE measurement reports include the reference signal received power (RSRP), the reference signal received quality (RSRQ), and the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of one or more candidate SCells. Based on the UE measurement report, a mapping of adjacent candidate SCells is generated, wherein the mapping of candidate SCells includes a list of candidate SCells corresponding to one or more adjacent SCells; and The mapping of candidate SCells is stored in the adjacency database.

23. A non-transient computer-readable medium having computer-readable instructions, which, when executed by a device, cause the device to perform the following operations: Receive measurement reports from the user equipment (UE) including a synchronization signal block (SSB) transmission of at least one candidate secondary cell (SCell); Retrieve one or more adjacent candidate SCells corresponding to the at least one candidate SCell from the adjacency database; as well as The one or more adjacent candidate SCells, together with the at least one candidate SCell, are configured as SCells for carrier aggregation for the UE.

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