Desert riparian forest ecological restoration method and system

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of desert riparian forest ecological restoration method and system, wherein a kind of desert riparian forest ecological restoration method, comprising the following steps: S10, based on the river center line of target plot to the inside of plot gradient strip in the direction of extension from river and the vegetation type in the corresponding gradient strip from river, obtain the composite sub-region information of the target plot;S20, for the near river poplar composite sub-region, near river tamarix composite sub-region, middle distance composite sub-region, far river poplar composite sub-region and far river herb composite sub-region Configuration water demand characteristic information;S30, according to the water demand characteristic information, generate flood diversion allocation plan information;S40, according to the flood diversion allocation plan information, control main ecological gate, branch canal weir and far river infiltration ditch start or close.The present application can relatively realize the on-demand water supply to plot vegetation, and relatively improve irrigation utilization rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ecological restoration technology, specifically to a method and system for ecological restoration of desert riparian forests. Background Technology

[0002] Desert riparian forests refer to natural, linear vegetation communities composed of poplar, tamarisk, and reeds, distributed in narrow strips along the alluvial plains on both sides of inland rivers in arid regions. They serve as an ecological barrier preventing the desert from advancing into oases. Due to the scarcity of rainfall in arid regions, the survival of this type of vegetation depends entirely on the overflow of river channels during the flood season or artificial flood diversion to replenish groundwater. The distribution of natural desert riparian forests exhibits a clear gradient pattern from the river: in the near-river zone (approximately 0–300 m from the river channel), the groundwater depth is shallow (usually <2 m), dominated by young poplar trees, tamarisk shrubs, and mixed wetland herbs; in the mid-distance zone (approximately 300–600 m), a transitional zone, the groundwater depth is 2–4 m, with poplar, tamarisk, and herbs interspersed; in the far-river zone (>600 m), the groundwater depth is >4 m, poplar trees are sparse and often associated with bare beaches or patches of herbaceous plants, which is also the main area for the drift and settlement of poplar seeds. This natural zonal pattern of "abundant water near the river and scarce water far from the river" determines that the water demand strategies of different locations and different tree species are significantly different. Populus euphratica relies on pulsed deep infiltration to raise deep groundwater, tamarisk tolerates shallow moisture, and herbaceous plants and populus euphratica seedlings require short-term surface water accumulation.

[0003] Existing flood irrigation methods for ecological restoration of desert riparian forests mostly adopt the "continuous overflow of a single gate across the entire area" model. For example, Chinese patent CN115311557A discloses a method and system for ecological restoration of desert riparian forests in arid regions. It determines the ecological restoration area by acquiring real-time and historical remote sensing images, designs multiple initial restoration schemes for each area, simulates irrigation based on topography to obtain the inundation range, and selects the scheme with the highest overlap between the inundation range and the restoration area as the optimal restoration scheme. The scheme includes the location of the water inlet, the water flow rate, and the water diversion time. This scheme focuses on selecting a macroscopic "water inlet + flow rate + time" scheme from the perspective of remote sensing and watershed planning. Essentially, it is still a single-system global irrigation system aimed at "maximizing the overlap of inundation."

[0004] However, when the above scheme is used for actual irrigation of specific plots, it is impossible to allocate water according to the gradient of distance from the river, or to differentiate water supply according to the water requirements of different vegetation species. This results in waste from over-irrigation near the river, ineffective under-irrigation far from the river, reduced yield due to mismatch of species, and low water resource utilization efficiency of flood irrigation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and system for ecological restoration of desert riparian forests, which can relatively realize on-demand water supply to the vegetation of the plot and relatively improve the irrigation water utilization rate.

[0006] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution: This invention provides a method for ecological restoration of desert riparian forests, comprising the following steps: S10. Based on the gradient strips extending from the river centerline into the interior of the target plot and the vegetation types corresponding to the gradient strips, obtain the composite sub-region information of the target plot; the composite sub-region information includes at least one of the following: near-river Populus euphratica composite sub-region, near-river Tamarix chinensis composite sub-region, mid-distance composite sub-region, distant-river Populus euphratica composite sub-region, and distant-river herbaceous composite sub-region. S20. Configure water demand characteristic information for the near-river Populus euphratica composite sub-region, near-river Tamarix chinensis composite sub-region, medium-distance composite sub-region, distant-river Populus euphratica composite sub-region and distant-river herbaceous composite sub-region. The water demand characteristic information includes at least one of the following: target groundwater uplift amplitude, maximum allowable water accumulation duration, suitable water accumulation depth range and number of irrigation pulses. S30. Generate flood diversion allocation plan information based on the water demand characteristic information; the flood diversion allocation plan information includes the total water diversion period of the main ecological gate, the opening and closing time nodes of the branch canal weirs and the opening and closing time nodes of the distant river seepage diversion ditch. S40. According to the flood diversion and allocation plan information, control the main ecological gate, branch canal weir and distant river seepage ditch to start or close, so that the near-river poplar composite sub-zone, near-river tamarisk composite sub-zone, medium-distance composite sub-zone, distant river poplar composite sub-zone and distant river herbaceous composite sub-zone respectively meet their corresponding water demand characteristics.

[0007] Furthermore, in step S30, generating flood diversion allocation plan information based on the water demand characteristic information includes: S31. Read the maximum allowable water accumulation time of the near-river poplar composite sub-region and / or the near-river tamarisk composite sub-region, and use it as the total water diversion period of the main ecological gate on the near-river side; S32. Read the suitable water depth range of the near-river poplar composite sub-region and / or the near-river tamarisk composite sub-region, and use the maximum value of the suitable water depth range as the closing trigger condition of the branch canal weir in the near-river section; when the first current water depth reaches the maximum value of the suitable water depth range, the water supply outlet of the branch canal weir in the near-river section is closed, and the water supply to the near-river poplar composite sub-region or the near-river tamarisk composite sub-region is stopped; S33. Read the target groundwater uplift amplitude of the mid-distance composite sub-region; when the second current water depth of the mid-distance composite sub-region decreases to no greater than the maximum value of the target groundwater uplift amplitude, the middle section water supply port of the branch canal weir is closed, and the water supply to the mid-distance composite sub-region is stopped. S34. Read the number of irrigation pulses and the suitable water depth range of the Yuanhe Populus euphratica composite sub-region and / or the Yuanhe herbaceous composite sub-region; The maximum value of the number of irrigation pulses is taken as the planned number of times the Yuanhe seepage channel is opened during the total water diversion period; the maximum value of the suitable water depth range is taken as the single closure threshold, and the minimum value is taken as the re-opening threshold of the Yuanhe seepage channel. After each opening, when the third current water depth of the Yuanhe Populus euphratica composite sub-zone and / or the Yuanhe Herbaceous composite sub-zone reaches the single-closing water depth threshold, the entire Yuanhe infiltration ditch is closed; after closing, when the third current water depth drops to the reopening water depth threshold, the entire Yuanhe infiltration ditch is reopened, completing one pulse cycle; Monitor the water depth decrease process of the Yuanhe Populus euphratica composite sub-region and / or the Yuanhe Herbaceous composite sub-region. Take the average time taken for the water depth to decrease from the single closing water depth threshold to the reopening water depth threshold in a pulse cycle that has been completed for the planned number of openings minus n-1 times as the standard decrease duration. If the decrease in water depth of the Yuanhe Populus euphratica composite sub-region and / or the Yuanhe Herbaceous composite sub-region is less than half of the suitable water depth range within the standard decrease duration, then the entire section of the Yuanhe seepage channel will no longer be opened, and this closing time point will be taken as the closing time node of the entire section of the Yuanhe seepage channel; where m > n ≥ 2; S35. During the total water diversion period, the entire section of the distant river seepage channel and the entire section of the branch canal weir are opened simultaneously at the start of flood diversion, and the start time of flood diversion is taken as the opening time node of the entire section of the branch canal weir and the entire section of the distant river seepage channel; the closing time of the first inlet of the branch canal weir is taken as the closing time node of the entire section of the branch canal weir; wherein, the entire section of the distant river seepage channel includes the second inlet of the distant river seepage channel and the distant river section water supply inlet, and the entire section of the branch canal weir includes the first inlet of the branch canal weir, the near river section water supply inlet and the middle section water supply inlet; S36. The total water diversion period of the main ecological gate, the opening and closing time nodes of the branch canal weir and the opening and closing time nodes of the distant river seepage channel are summarized and compiled into the flood diversion allocation plan information.

[0008] The present invention also provides a desert riparian forest ecological restoration system applied to the aforementioned desert riparian forest ecological restoration method, comprising: The main ecological gate is located at the water intake of the target plot and is used to control the total amount of water entering the flood diversion canal. The main ecological gate has a controllable opening degree. A branch canal weir is arranged along a branch of the main flood diversion canal. The branch canal weir is equipped with a first inlet, a near-river section water supply inlet, and a middle section water supply inlet. The first inlet is used to control the water intake of the branch canal weir. The near-river section water supply inlet is used to supply water to the near-river Populus euphratica composite sub-area and / or the near-river Tamarisk composite sub-area. The middle section water supply inlet is used to supply water to the middle-distance composite sub-area. The Yuanhe River Infiltration Ditch is equipped with a second inlet and multiple Yuanhe River Section Water Supply Inlets located on the ditch body; the second inlet is connected to the drainage port of the branch canal weir; the Yuanhe River Section Water Supply Inlets are used to control the water supply to the Yuanhe Populus euphratica composite sub-zone and / or the Yuanhe Herbaceous composite sub-zone. The edge control cabinet is connected to the main ecological gate, the branch canal weir, and the distant river seepage channel, and stores the water demand characteristic information. It generates flood diversion allocation plan information based on the water demand characteristic information. The flood diversion allocation plan information includes the total water diversion period of the main ecological gate, the opening and closing time nodes of the branch canal weir, and the opening and closing time nodes of the distant river seepage channel. The edge control cabinet drives the main ecological gate, the branch canal weir, and the distant river seepage channel to open or close according to the flood diversion allocation plan information.

[0009] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: By acquiring the gradient strips extending from the river centerline into the target site and the corresponding vegetation types within these strips, the composite sub-region information of the target site can be determined, thus assigning clear spatial attributes to the intersection areas of different geographical gradients and vegetation types. Furthermore, by configuring water demand characteristic information for the near-river Populus euphratica composite sub-region, the near-river Tamarix chinensis composite sub-region, the mid-distance composite sub-region, the distant-river Populus euphratica composite sub-region, and the distant-river herbaceous composite sub-region, differentiated solutions can be customized to meet the actual ecological needs of each composite sub-region. The system can determine water supply indicators; by generating flood diversion and allocation plans based on water demand characteristics, complex water demand indicators can be transformed into specific engineering control sequences; by controlling the activation or closure of the main ecological gate, branch canal weirs, and distant river seepage ditches according to the flood diversion and allocation plan information, the near-river Populus euphratica composite sub-zone, near-river Tamarix chinensis composite sub-zone, medium-distance composite sub-zone, distant-river Populus euphratica composite sub-zone, and distant-river herbaceous composite sub-zone can meet their corresponding water demand characteristics, thereby relatively realizing on-demand water supply to the vegetation of the plot and relatively improving irrigation water utilization rate.

[0010] Other advantages, objectives, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination, or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention can be realized and obtained through the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0011] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the desert riparian forest ecological restoration method of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart of step S10 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is an application model diagram of the desert riparian forest ecological restoration system of the present invention; Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the control system for the desert riparian forest ecological restoration system of the present invention.

[0012] In the diagram: 1. Main ecological gate; 2. Branch canal weir; 21. First intake; 22. Near-river section water supply inlet; 23. Mid-section water supply inlet; 3. Distant river seepage channel; 31. Second intake; 32. Distant river section water supply inlet; 4. Edge control cabinet; 5. Near-river water depth sensor; 6. Mid-range groundwater probe; 7. Distant river water depth sensor; 8. UAV remote sensing device; 81. Flight platform; 82. Multispectral camera; 83. Airborne edge processor. Detailed Implementation

[0013] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0014] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0015] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0016] In the above description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "one side," "the other side," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of the invention is conventionally placed during use. These terms are used only for the convenience of describing the present invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0017] Furthermore, terms such as "identical" do not imply that components must be absolutely identical; minor differences are permissible. The term "perpendicular" simply means that the positional relationship between components is more perpendicular than "parallel," not that the structure must be perfectly perpendicular; a slight tilt is acceptable.

[0018] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 This invention provides a technical solution: a method for ecological restoration of desert riparian forests, comprising the following steps: S10. Based on the gradient strips extending from the river centerline into the interior of the target plot and the corresponding vegetation types within the gradient strips, obtain composite sub-region information of the target plot; the composite sub-region information includes at least one of the following: near-river Populus euphratica composite sub-region, near-river Tamarix chinensis composite sub-region, mid-distance composite sub-region, distant-river Populus euphratica composite sub-region, and distant-river herbaceous composite sub-region.

[0019] In some embodiments of this application, the step of obtaining composite sub-region information of the target land parcel includes: S11. Obtain target plot information, which includes plot boundaries, river centerline, and vegetation type distribution information, including Populus euphratica distribution area, Tamarix chinensis distribution area, and herbaceous distribution area.

[0020] Specifically, this solution can be implemented through the following steps: S111. During the preset window period before the arrival of the flood season, the flight platform 81 of the UAV remote sensing device 8 is controlled to fly over the target plot along the preset route and acquire multispectral image information covering the entire target plot through the multispectral camera 82. The multispectral image information includes at least the red light band, the near-infrared band and the red edge band.

[0021] S112 and the airborne edge processor 83 preprocess the multispectral image information. The preprocessing includes radiometric calibration, atmospheric correction and orthophoto stitching to obtain the digital orthophoto information of the target plot.

[0022] S113 and the airborne edge processor 83 label the vegetation pixels in the target plot as poplar distribution areas, tamarisk distribution areas and herbaceous distribution areas, and generate vegetation type distribution information.

[0023] S114, the airborne edge processor 83 extracts the river centerline information of the target plot from the digital orthophoto image information, tracks the central axis of the river water body in the image along the direction of river flow, and generates the river centerline; at the same time, it extracts the four boundary information of the target plot from the digital orthophoto image information, takes the river shoreline as the near-river boundary, and takes the plot management separation line or natural feature boundary line as the other three side boundaries, and generates the plot boundary.

[0024] S115, the airborne edge processor 83 sends the vegetation type distribution information, river centerline information and plot boundary information to the edge main control cabinet 4 via wireless communication, and the edge main control cabinet 4 stores the target plot information required for steps S12 and S13.

[0025] In this way, the three tasks of acquiring the previously scattered plot boundaries, extracting the river centerline, and classifying vegetation types can be completed in one go during a single UAV flight and processed on-site in the field by the onboard edge processor. There is no need to send the original images back to a remote server, nor to rely on external surveying data or manual reconnaissance. This enables the rapid, autonomous, and near real-time acquisition of target plot information before the flood peak, thus providing an accurate, unified, and timestamped spatial data foundation for subsequent steps. This ensures that the entire on-demand flood irrigation method can still be reliably started in the desert uninhabited area where there is a lack of infrastructure.

[0026] S12. Based on the boundaries of the land parcels and taking the center line of the river as a benchmark, the land parcels are divided into gradient strips near the river and away from the river, gradient strips at medium distance from the river, and gradient strips far from the river and away from the river according to their distance from the river.

[0027] In some embodiments of this application, the step of dividing the land parcel into near-river / away-river gradient strips, medium-distance-river gradient strips, and far-river / away-river gradient strips according to distance from the river includes: S121. Calculate the vertical distance from the centerline of the river channel to the boundary of the plot to obtain the maximum distance from the river.

[0028] Specifically, this solution can be implemented through the following steps: S121a. Extract multiple cross-sectional lines perpendicular to the river centerline at preset intervals along the river centerline. The cross-sectional lines are the shortest line segments connecting the river centerline and the boundary of the land parcel. The preset interval ranges from 50m to 200m.

[0029] S121b Calculate the length of each cross-section line to obtain the distance from the river corresponding to that cross-section line.

[0030] S121c. Compare the distances from the river to all cross-sections and determine the maximum value as the maximum distance from the river.

[0031] S124d: Connect the points on each cross section line corresponding to the maximum distance from the river by 30% in sequence to form the first boundary between the near-river and mid-distance river gradient strips; connect the points on each cross section line corresponding to the maximum distance from the river by 70% in sequence to form the second boundary between the mid-distance and far-river gradient strips.

[0032] This approach ensures that even in complex terrains with meandering rivers and irregular plot boundaries, the strip boundaries maintain geometric rationality along the river's course, reducing spatial errors caused by a single distance value that could lead to a disconnect between the strip boundaries and the river's course. This, in turn, relatively guarantees the feasibility of the percentage-based partitioning scheme in complex terrain.

[0033] S122. Based on the preset percentage of the maximum distance from the river, the plot is divided into three strip areas: the area with a maximum distance from the river centerline of 0% to 30% is the near-river gradient strip, the area with a maximum distance from the river of 30% to 70% is the medium-distance river gradient strip, and the area with a maximum distance from the river of 70% to 100% is the far-river gradient strip.

[0034] The maximum distance from the river can be obtained by calculating the vertical distance from the center line of the river to the boundary of the plot, thus establishing an absolute benchmark value for the distance from the river. By dividing the plot into three strip areas according to a preset percentage of the maximum distance from the river, the relative proportions can be used to adapt to target plots of different widths and shapes, ensuring that the division of near-river, medium-distance, and far-river areas matches the actual scale of the plot, thus avoiding the adaptability defects of fixed-distance division on irregular plots.

[0035] S13. By overlaying the near-river-to-river gradient strips, medium-distance river gradient strips, and far-river-to-river gradient strips with vegetation type distribution information, composite sub-region information is generated, including: By intersecting the distribution area of ​​Populus euphratica with the gradient strips near and far from the river and the gradient strips far from the river, respectively, we can obtain the composite sub-regions of Populus euphratica near the river and the composite sub-regions of Populus euphratica far from the river.

[0036] By intersecting the distribution area of ​​Tamarix chinensis with the gradient strips near and away from the river, a composite sub-region of Tamarix chinensis near the river is obtained.

[0037] By intersecting the herbaceous distribution area with the gradient strips of distant and distant rivers, a distant herbaceous complex subregion is obtained.

[0038] All vegetation types within the mid-distance river gradient strip are considered as a whole as a mid-distance composite sub-region.

[0039] Intersection refers to grouping pixels or polygons that simultaneously belong to a certain river gradient strip and a certain vegetation type distribution area at the same spatial location into the same composite sub-region.

[0040] The distribution areas of Populus euphratica were intersected with the gradient strips near and far from the river to obtain the near-river Populus euphratica composite sub-region and the far-river Populus euphratica composite sub-region. The distribution areas of Tamarisk were intersected with the gradient strips near and far from the river to obtain the near-river Tamarisk composite sub-region. The distribution areas of herbaceous plants were intersected with the gradient strips far from the river to obtain the far-river herbaceous composite sub-region. All vegetation types within the gradient strips at medium distance from the river were considered as a whole as the medium-distance composite sub-region.

[0041] Intersection refers to grouping pixels or polygons that simultaneously belong to a certain river gradient strip and a certain vegetation type distribution area at the same spatial location into the same composite sub-region, so that different vegetation species within the same strip can be relatively accurately separated into their own independent composite sub-regions.

[0042] By adopting the above scheme, the generation process of the composite sub-region is based entirely on remotely obtainable geometric boundary and vegetation distribution data, realizing the accurate spatial superposition and partitioning of the gradient strips away from the river and vegetation species. This provides an feasible data basis for solving the problems of "not being able to allocate water according to the gradient of distance from the river and not being able to supply water according to the differences in vegetation species".

[0043] It should be noted that natural desert riparian forests are distributed in a strip along the river channel. This is because the groundwater is shallow and the water conditions are good in the area near the river. Herbaceous plants are prone to drowning or dying or failing to complete seeding in the area near the river due to long-term water accumulation. Therefore, poplar saplings and tamarisk shrubs naturally grow in the area near the river, while herbaceous communities that rely on short-term surface water to float seeds rarely grow.

[0044] The mid-distance zone is a water transition zone, with poplar, tamarisk, and herbaceous plants interspersed. The entire area of ​​all vegetation types in this zone is regarded as the "mid-distance composite sub-zone" without further subdivision by species because this zone is located in the transition zone between lateral infiltration near the river and deep infiltration far from the river. A unified intermittent shallow wetting system can take into account the common water requirements of the mixed vegetation in the zone. If it is forcibly subdivided by species, it will increase the water control complexity of the branch canals and weirs and have extremely low marginal benefits.

[0045] In the Yuanhe area, the groundwater is deep, poplars are sparse and often grow on bare beaches or patches of herbaceous plants. After the poplar seeds mature, they need to be carried by floods to the bare beaches of the Yuanhe River to settle and germinate. Therefore, the Yuanhe area naturally forms a symbiotic pattern of "sparse poplars + herbaceous seed drifting areas". However, tamarisk cannot survive in the Yuanhe area because it cannot obtain enough shallow and moist conditions for a long time. Therefore, there is no stable tamarisk distribution area in the Yuanhe area.

[0046] Based on the aforementioned distribution pattern of natural vegetation along the gradient away from the river, the composite sub-regions are defined as "near-river Populus euphratica composite sub-region, near-river Tamarix chinensis composite sub-region, mid-distance composite sub-region, distant-river Populus euphratica composite sub-region, and distant-river herbaceous composite sub-region." This not only covers all meaningful vegetation actually existing within the plot but also avoids unnecessary water requirement characteristics for combinations that do not exist or have no irrigation value, such as near-river herbaceous plants and distant-river Tamarix chinensis. This achieves a balanced distribution of irrigation water.

[0047] S20. Configure water demand characteristic information for the near-river Populus euphratica composite sub-region, the near-river Tamarix chinensis composite sub-region, the medium-distance composite sub-region, the distant-river Populus euphratica composite sub-region, and the distant-river herbaceous composite sub-region. The water demand characteristic information includes at least one of the following: target groundwater uplift, maximum allowable water accumulation duration, suitable water accumulation depth range, and number of irrigation pulses.

[0048] In step S20, water requirement characteristic information is configured for the near-river Populus euphratica composite sub-region, the near-river Tamarix chinensis composite sub-region, the mid-distance composite sub-region, the distant-river Populus euphratica composite sub-region, and the distant-river herbaceous composite sub-region, including: The water demand characteristics of the near-river Populus euphratica composite sub-region are as follows: target groundwater rise of 0.2m to 0.5m, maximum allowable water accumulation duration of 24h to 48h, suitable water accumulation depth of 10cm to 30cm, and 2 to 3 irrigation pulses.

[0049] The water demand characteristics of the near-river tamarisk composite sub-region are as follows: target groundwater rise of 0.1m to 0.3m, maximum allowable water accumulation duration of 24h to 48h, suitable water accumulation depth of 2cm to 10cm, and 1 to 2 irrigation pulses.

[0050] The water demand characteristics of the mid-distance composite sub-region are as follows: target groundwater uplift range of 0.5m to 1.0m, maximum allowable water accumulation duration of 8h to 16h, suitable water accumulation depth range of 5cm to 15cm, and 3 to 4 irrigation pulses.

[0051] The water demand characteristics of the Yuanhe Populus euphratica composite sub-region are as follows: target groundwater rise of 1.0m to 2.0m, maximum allowable water accumulation duration of 12h to 48h, suitable water accumulation depth of 10cm to 30cm, and 3 to 5 irrigation pulses.

[0052] The water requirement characteristics of the Yuanhe herbaceous complex sub-region are as follows: target groundwater rise of 0.05m to 0.15m, maximum allowable water accumulation duration of 24h to 48h, suitable water accumulation depth of 5cm to 15cm, and 1 irrigation pulse.

[0053] By configuring water demand characteristics for the near-river Populus euphratica composite sub-region, the near-river Tamarix chinensis composite sub-region, the mid-distance composite sub-region, the distant-river Populus euphratica composite sub-region, and the distant-river herbaceous composite sub-region, including the target groundwater uplift amplitude, the maximum allowable water accumulation duration, the suitable water accumulation depth range, and the number of irrigation pulses, five completely different water use strategies—near-river Populus euphratica for salinization prevention, near-river Tamarix chinensis for tolerance to shallow moisture, mid-distance transition zone for intermittent shallow moisture, distant-river Populus euphratica for deep infiltration and uplift, and distant-river herbaceous for short-term floating planting—can be transformed into machine-readable quantitative parameters. Based on the water demand characteristics of different varieties, differentiated water supply can be achieved for different composite sub-regions within the plot. This improves the problems of wasteful over-irrigation near the river, ineffective under-irrigation in the distant river, and reduced yield due to variety mismatch caused by the same flood irrigation system in the same plot, while avoiding the ineffective loss of flood diversion resources in unnecessary sub-regions.

[0054] S30. Generate flood diversion allocation plan information based on water demand characteristics; the flood diversion allocation plan information includes the total water diversion period of the main ecological gate, the opening and closing time nodes of the branch canal weirs and the opening and closing time nodes of the distant river seepage diversion ditch.

[0055] In some embodiments, flood diversion allocation plan information is generated based on water demand characteristic information, including: S31. Read the maximum allowable water accumulation time of the near-river Populus euphratica composite sub-region and / or the near-river Tamarix chinensis composite sub-region, and use this as the total water diversion period of the main ecological gate on the near-river side. This ensures that the total water diversion time does not exceed the maximum tolerable water accumulation time of the sensitive near-river vegetation, thus preventing over-irrigation in the near-river area from the source.

[0056] S32. Read the suitable water depth range for the near-river Populus euphratica composite sub-region and / or the near-river Tamarix chinensis composite sub-region, and use the maximum value of the suitable water depth range as the closing trigger condition for the branch canal weir in the near-river section; when the first current water depth reaches the maximum value of the suitable water depth range, the water supply outlet of the branch canal weir in the near-river section is closed, and water supply to the near-river Populus euphratica composite sub-region or the near-river Tamarix chinensis composite sub-region is stopped. This achieves dynamic upper limit control of the water level in the near-river area and reduces the risk of water level exceeding the standard caused by static time control.

[0057] S33. Read the target groundwater uplift amplitude of the mid-distance composite sub-region; when the second current water depth of the mid-distance composite sub-region decreases to no more than the maximum value of the target groundwater uplift amplitude, the middle section of the branch canal weir is closed, and water supply to the mid-distance composite sub-region is stopped. This ensures that the mid-distance region receives sufficient groundwater recharge before stopping water supply, avoiding under-irrigation in the mid-distance region.

[0058] S34. Read the number of irrigation pulses and the suitable water depth range for the Yuanhe Populus euphratica composite sub-region and / or the Yuanhe herbaceous composite sub-region. The maximum number of irrigation pulses is taken as the planned number of times the Yuanhe seepage channel is opened during the total water diversion period; the maximum value of the suitable water depth range is taken as the single closure threshold and the minimum value is taken as the reopening threshold of the Yuanhe seepage channel. After each opening, when the third current water depth of the Yuanhe Populus euphratica composite sub-zone and / or the Yuanhe Herbaceous composite sub-zone reaches the single-closing water depth threshold, the entire Yuanhe seepage channel is closed; after closing, when the third current water depth drops to the reopening water depth threshold, the entire Yuanhe seepage channel is reopened, completing one pulse cycle. Monitor the water depth decrease process in the Yuanhe Populus euphratica composite sub-region and / or the Yuanhe herbaceous composite sub-region. Take the average time taken for the water depth to decrease from the single closing water depth threshold to the reopening water depth threshold in the pulse cycle of the planned opening number minus n-1 times as the standard decrease time. If the decrease in water depth in the Yuanhe Populus euphratica composite sub-region and / or the Yuanhe herbaceous composite sub-region is less than half of the suitable water depth range within the standard decrease time, then the entire Yuanhe seepage channel will no longer be opened, and this closing time point will be taken as the closing time node of the entire Yuanhe seepage channel; where m>n≥2.

[0059] S35. During the total water diversion period, the entire section of the Yuanhe seepage channel and the entire section of the branch canal weir shall be opened simultaneously at the start of flood diversion, and the start time of flood diversion shall be taken as the opening time node of the entire section of the branch canal weir and the entire section of the Yuanhe seepage channel; the closing time of the first inlet of the branch canal weir shall be taken as the closing time node of the entire section of the branch canal weir; wherein, the entire section of the Yuanhe seepage channel includes the second inlet of the Yuanhe seepage channel and the Yuanhe section water supply inlet, and the entire section of the branch canal weir includes the first inlet of the branch canal weir, the near-river section water supply inlet and the middle section water supply inlet.

[0060] S36. The total water diversion period of the main ecological gate, the opening and closing time nodes of the branch canal weirs and the opening and closing time nodes of the distant river seepage diversion ditch are summarized and compiled into flood diversion allocation plan information.

[0061] In this way, the opening and closing time nodes of the main ecological gate 1, the branch canal weir 2 and the distant river seepage ditch 3 can be generated by relying on threshold triggering and time sequence logic. This allows the flood diversion and distribution plan information to be directly operated and executed on site, realizing the orderly distribution of limited flood resources within the plot in the form of "time-limited near the river, bottom-line at medium distance, and intermittent pulse at the distant river". This improves the problem that water cannot be supplied according to the gradient of distance from the river and the vegetation species when irrigating specific plots.

[0062] For example, when the near-river zone only has a near-river poplar composite sub-zone, the maximum allowable water accumulation time of the near-river poplar composite sub-zone is read, for example, 48 hours, as the total water diversion period of the main ecological gate 1, and the maximum value of the suitable water accumulation depth range of the near-river poplar composite sub-zone is read, for example, 30 cm, as the closing trigger condition of the branch canal weir 2 in the near-river section.

[0063] When the current water depth reaches 30cm, the water inlet 22 of the branch canal weir 2 near the river is closed, stopping the water supply to the poplar sub-area near the river. At this time, since there is no tamarisk sub-area near the river, there is no need to consider the water tolerance limit of tamarisk. The total water diversion period is entirely determined by the poplar, avoiding the situation where the shorter allowable maximum water accumulation time of tamarisk is longer than that of poplar and thus does not become a limiting factor. However, if the allowable maximum water accumulation time of poplar is shorter, the total water diversion time can be effectively constrained to prevent over-irrigation of poplar.

[0064] For example, when there are both a sub-region of Populus euphratica and a sub-region of Tamarisk in the near-river zone, the maximum allowable water accumulation time for both is read, for example, 48 hours, which is the total water diversion period of the main ecological gate 1, ensuring that the total water diversion time meets the flood tolerance limit of both vegetation. The suitable water accumulation depth range for both is read, and the first current water accumulation depth is monitored respectively. When the first current water accumulation depth of any area reaches the maximum value of its corresponding suitable water accumulation depth range, the water supply outlet 22 of the near-river section of the branch canal weir 2 is closed, thereby realizing differentiated dynamic protection of Populus euphratica and Tamarisk in the near-river zone.

[0065] For example, when the Yuanhe belt contains both the Yuanhe Populus euphratica composite sub-region and the Yuanhe Herbaceous composite sub-region, the number of irrigation pulses for both is read, and the larger value is taken. Five of the five pulses for Populus euphratica and one pulse for Herbaceous ...

[0066] For example, assuming the irrigation pulse count for the Yuanhe Populus euphratica sub-region is 3 to 5 times, and the irrigation pulse count for the Yuanhe Herbaceous sub-region is 1 time, then m takes the maximum value of 5. This means that during the total water diversion period, the Yuanhe infiltration ditch 3 will be opened a maximum of 5 times. The first time it is opened, water flows into the Yuanhe area. When the current water depth reaches the single-closing threshold (e.g., 30cm), it is closed, and water begins to infiltrate. When the water depth drops to the reopening threshold (e.g., 10cm), it is opened a second time; and so on. If, after the third pulse, the water depth drops from 30cm to 10cm within the standard drop time, and the actual drop is only 5cm, which is less than half of the suitable water depth range of 10cm to 30cm (i.e., 10cm), it indicates that the soil infiltration capacity has severely decreased. In this case, the fourth and fifth openings will not be performed, and the entire Yuanhe infiltration ditch 3 will be closed. Thus, by defining the upper limit of the pulse count through m and providing the actual termination condition through the drop amount, sufficient water supply is ensured while avoiding water waste.

[0067] S40. In accordance with the flood diversion and allocation plan information, control the activation or closure of the main ecological gate, branch canal weirs and distant river seepage ditches to ensure that the near-river Populus euphratica composite sub-zone, the near-river Tamarisk composite sub-zone, the mid-distance composite sub-zone, the distant-river Populus euphratica composite sub-zone and the distant-river herbaceous composite sub-zone meet their respective water demand characteristics.

[0068] By employing gradient strips extending from the river centerline into the target site and corresponding vegetation types within these gradient strips, composite sub-region information of the target site is obtained. Water demand characteristics are then configured for the near-river Populus euphratica composite sub-region, near-river Tamarix chinensis composite sub-region, mid-distance composite sub-region, distant-river Populus euphratica composite sub-region, and distant-river herbaceous composite sub-region. Based on these water demand characteristics, flood diversion and allocation plans are generated, and the main ecological gate, branch canal weirs, and distant-river seepage ditches are activated or closed according to these plans, ensuring that... When diverting floodwater for irrigation in specific plots, different vegetation species on different gradient strips away from the river can obtain an independent water supply system that matches their own water requirements. This achieves the goal of preventing long-term water accumulation in the near-river zone, obtaining intermittent deep infiltration pulses in the far-river zone, and ensuring that different vegetation species meet their respective target groundwater rise, maximum allowable water accumulation duration, suitable water accumulation depth range, and number of irrigation pulses. This improves the problems of "wasteful over-irrigation near the river, ineffective under-irrigation in the far-river zone, reduced yield due to species mismatch, and low water resource utilization efficiency of floodwater irrigation" in related technologies.

[0069] It should be noted that the target plot of this invention refers to a continuously managed desert riparian forest plot that has completed macro-site selection and is about to undergo specific flood diversion and irrigation operations, rather than a general restoration area at the whole watershed scale.

[0070] Taking a typical implementation scenario in the middle reaches of the Tarim River as an example: Before the flood season of a certain year, based on the remote sensing monitoring results of the previous year, the management personnel selected a degraded poplar forest area about 1.5 km long and 800 m wide as the key restoration target for the year. An existing ecological gate, namely the location of the main ecological gate 1, is located at the upstream end of this area. A flood diversion canal connects to the gate, extending about 600 m into the area before reaching the vicinity of the river boundary. This rectangular area of ​​"1.5 km × 800 m" is the target area referred to in this patent. This target area has clearly defined boundaries. Upstream, it is bounded by the riverbank; downstream, by the outer edge of the river's herbaceous area; and on both sides, by the management separation line of adjacent areas. It has a definite river centerline, i.e., the centerline of this section of the river; and there is a known vegetation distribution.

[0071] Please see Figure 3 and Figure 4 This application also provides a desert riparian forest ecological restoration system, which can be applied to the aforementioned desert riparian forest ecological restoration method. The desert riparian forest ecological restoration system includes a main ecological gate 1, a branch canal weir 2, a distant river seepage channel 3, an edge main control cabinet 4, a near-river water depth sensor 5, a mid-range groundwater probe 6, a distant river water depth sensor 7, and a UAV remote sensing device 8.

[0072] Among them, the main ecological gate 1 is located at the water intake of the target plot to control the total amount of water entering the flood diversion canal. The main ecological gate 1 has a controllable opening degree.

[0073] Branch weir 2 is arranged along the branch of the flood diversion canal. Branch weir 2 is equipped with a first inlet 21, a near-river section water supply inlet 22, and a middle section water supply inlet 23. The first inlet 21 is used to control the water intake of branch weir 2, the near-river section water supply inlet 22 is used to supply water to the near-river Populus euphratica composite sub-area and / or the near-river Tamarisk composite sub-area, and the middle section water supply inlet 23 is used to supply water to the middle-distance composite sub-area.

[0074] The Yuanhe seepage channel 3 is equipped with a second inlet 31 and multiple Yuanhe section water supply outlets 32 set on the channel body; the second inlet 31 is connected to the drainage port of the branch canal weir 2; the Yuanhe section water supply outlets 32 are used to control the water supply to the Yuanhe Populus euphratica composite sub-region and / or the Yuanhe herbaceous composite sub-region.

[0075] The edge control cabinet 4 is connected to the main ecological gate 1, the branch canal weir 2, and the distant river seepage channel 3, and stores water demand characteristic information. It generates flood diversion allocation plan information based on the water demand characteristic information. The flood diversion allocation plan information includes the total water diversion period of the main ecological gate 1, the opening and closing time nodes of the branch canal weir 2, and the opening and closing time nodes of the distant river seepage channel 3. The edge control cabinet 4 drives the main ecological gate 1, the branch canal weir 2, and the distant river seepage channel 3 to open or close according to the flood diversion allocation plan information.

[0076] By setting up the main ecological gate 1 at the water intake of the target plot, the total amount of water entering the flood diversion canal is controlled. The main ecological gate 1 has a controllable opening degree and can adjust the total flood volume of the introduced plot, providing source control for the entire on-demand water supply.

[0077] By setting up a branch canal weir 2 along the branch of the flood diversion canal, the branch canal weir 2 is equipped with a first inlet 21, a near-river section water supply inlet 22 and a middle section water supply inlet 23, which can distribute the water from the main canal to the near-river and middle-distance areas as needed, and realize independent control of the zones.

[0078] By setting up a remote river infiltration ditch 3 and connecting it with the drainage port of the branch canal weir 2, the drainage of the branch canal weir 2 can be used as the water source for the remote river infiltration ditch 3, and distributed water replenishment of the remote river area can be achieved through multiple remote river section water supply outlets 32.

[0079] The edge control cabinet 4 drives the main ecological gate 1, branch canal weir 2 and distant river seepage ditch 3 to open or close according to the flood diversion allocation plan information, which can form a closed-loop control system to achieve on-demand water supply.

[0080] For example, a branch canal inlet solenoid valve (or electric butterfly valve) is provided at the first inlet 21. It can be connected to the edge control cabinet 4 via signal. When the flood diversion allocation plan information determines that water needs to be supplied to the branch canal 2, the edge control cabinet 4 outputs an opening command. The solenoid valve is energized and causes the valve plate to flip, thereby opening the connection between the flood diversion main canal and the branch canal 2. When the time node for the full closure of the branch canal 2 is reached, the edge control cabinet 4 outputs a closing command. The solenoid valve is de-energized and resets to cut off the water intake, thereby realizing the on / off control of the water intake of the branch canal 2 by the first inlet 21.

[0081] For example, a near-river section electric overflow weir gate (or near-river section water supply solenoid valve) is installed at the near-river section water supply outlet 22, and its opening and closing is controlled by the edge main control cabinet 4.

[0082] For example, a mid-section groundwater replenishment electric control valve (or mid-section water supply gate valve) is installed at the mid-section water supply inlet 23, which is controlled by the edge main control cabinet 4.

[0083] For example, a solenoid valve (or hydraulic gate) for the inlet of the seepage channel is provided at the second inlet 31. The valve body is connected to the drainage port of the branch canal weir 2 and is controlled by the edge main control cabinet 4.

[0084] For example, multiple remote river section water supply outlets 32 on the ditch are respectively equipped with remote river section pulse solenoid valves (or remote river section flap valves + electromagnetic actuators); the edge main control cabinet 4 uniformly controls the opening and closing of these pulse solenoid valves.

[0085] In some embodiments, the near-river water depth sensor 5 is deployed in the near-river Populus euphratica composite sub-region and / or the near-river Tamarisk composite sub-region to obtain the first current water depth in the near-river Populus euphratica composite sub-region and / or the near-river Tamarisk composite sub-region.

[0086] The medium-distance groundwater probe 6 is deployed in the medium-distance composite sub-region to obtain the second current water depth in the medium-distance composite sub-region.

[0087] The Yuanhe water depth sensor 7 is deployed in the Yuanhe Populus euphratica composite sub-region and / or the Yuanhe Herbaceous composite sub-region to obtain the third current water depth in the Yuanhe Populus euphratica composite sub-region and / or the Yuanhe Herbaceous composite sub-region.

[0088] The edge control cabinet 4 is connected to the near-river water depth sensor 5, the mid-range groundwater probe 6, and the far-river water depth sensor 7, and executes the opening and closing time nodes in the flood diversion allocation plan information according to the first current water depth, the second current water depth, and the third current water depth.

[0089] In some embodiments, the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing device 8 includes a flight platform 81, a multispectral camera 82, and an onboard edge processor 83.

[0090] The multispectral camera 82 is mounted on the flight platform 81 and is used to acquire image information on the distribution of vegetation types in the target plot.

[0091] The airborne edge processor 83 is connected to the multispectral camera 82 and is used to perform supervised classification processing on vegetation type distribution image information to generate vegetation type distribution information, which includes the distribution areas of Populus euphratica, Tamarix chinensis, and herbaceous plants.

[0092] The airborne edge processor 83 is also connected to the edge main control cabinet 4 to send vegetation type distribution information to the edge main control cabinet 4, so that the edge main control cabinet 4 can generate composite sub-region information based on the vegetation type distribution information and the gradient strips away from the river.

[0093] In summary, this invention divides the target plot into near-river-to-river gradient strips, mid-distance-river gradient strips, and far-river-to-river gradient strips based on the distance from the river centerline. These strips are then overlaid with vegetation type distribution information to generate composite sub-region information, including near-river Populus euphratica composite sub-regions, near-river Tamarix chinensis composite sub-regions, mid-distance composite sub-regions, far-river Populus euphratica composite sub-regions, and far-river herbaceous composite sub-regions. This constructs a refined spatial management unit that integrates the hydraulic gradient from the river and the water demand characteristics of the vegetation. This changes the traditional extensive irrigation method of "continuous overflow of a single gate across the entire plot," which cannot distinguish the differences within the plot, and provides a relatively accurate spatial basis for on-demand water supply.

[0094] Based on this, water demand characteristic information, including parameters such as the target groundwater rise, maximum allowable water accumulation duration, suitable water accumulation depth range, and number of irrigation pulses, is configured for each composite sub-region. Based on this, flood diversion and allocation plan information is generated. This plan information clearly specifies the total water diversion period of the main ecological gate 1, the opening and closing times of the branch canal weir 2, and the opening and closing times of the distant river seepage channel 3. Thus, the differentiated water demands of different vegetation species and their distance from the river are transformed into directly executable engineering facility control sequences, achieving regulation of near-river flood control, mid-distance timing control, and distant river pulse water replenishment. This relatively reduces the problems of waste from near-river over-irrigation, ineffective distant river under-irrigation, and yield reduction due to species mismatch.

[0095] In actual operation, the edge control cabinet 4 can drive the main ecological gate 1, the branch canal weir 2 and the distant river seepage ditch 3 to open and close according to the flood diversion allocation plan information. At the same time, it combines the first current water depth, the second current water depth and the third current water depth collected in real time by the near river water depth sensor 5, the medium distance groundwater probe 6 and the distant river water depth sensor 7 to perform dynamic closed-loop verification of the opening and closing time nodes.

[0096] In addition, the latest vegetation type distribution information is obtained by the multispectral camera 82 of the UAV remote sensing device 8 and the airborne edge processor 83 and sent to the edge main control cabinet 4 to update the composite sub-region information. This enables the entire system to adaptively adjust according to the actual hydrological process and vegetation distribution changes in the field, and ultimately achieves on-demand water supply to the vegetation of the plot, thereby relatively improving the water resource utilization efficiency of flood irrigation.

[0097] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for ecological restoration of desert riparian forests, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S10. Based on the gradient strips extending from the river centerline into the interior of the target plot and the vegetation types corresponding to the gradient strips, obtain the composite sub-region information of the target plot; the composite sub-region information includes at least one of the following: near-river Populus euphratica composite sub-region, near-river Tamarix chinensis composite sub-region, mid-distance composite sub-region, distant-river Populus euphratica composite sub-region, and distant-river herbaceous composite sub-region. S20. Configure water demand characteristic information for the near-river Populus euphratica composite sub-region, near-river Tamarix chinensis composite sub-region, medium-distance composite sub-region, distant-river Populus euphratica composite sub-region and distant-river herbaceous composite sub-region. The water demand characteristic information includes at least one of the following: target groundwater uplift amplitude, maximum allowable water accumulation duration, suitable water accumulation depth range and number of irrigation pulses. S30. Generate flood diversion allocation plan information based on the water demand characteristic information; The flood diversion allocation plan information includes the total water diversion period of the main ecological gate, the opening and closing time nodes of the branch canal weirs, and the opening and closing time nodes of the distant river seepage ditches. S40. According to the flood diversion and allocation plan information, control the main ecological gate, branch canal weir and distant river seepage ditch to start or close, so that the near-river poplar composite sub-zone, near-river tamarisk composite sub-zone, medium-distance composite sub-zone, distant river poplar composite sub-zone and distant river herbaceous composite sub-zone respectively meet their corresponding water demand characteristics.

2. The method for ecological restoration of desert riparian forests according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S10, obtaining the composite sub-region information of the target land parcel includes: S11. Obtain target plot information, which includes plot boundaries, river centerline, and vegetation type distribution information, including Populus euphratica distribution area, Tamarix chinensis distribution area, and herbaceous distribution area; S12. Based on the boundaries of the land parcels and taking the center line of the river channel as a reference, the land parcels are divided into near-river gradient strips, medium-distance river gradient strips, and far-river gradient strips according to their distance from the river. S13. Overlay the near-river and far-river gradient strips, the medium-distance river gradient strips, and the far-river and far-river gradient strips with the vegetation type distribution information to generate the composite sub-region information.

3. The method for ecological restoration of desert riparian forests according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S12, dividing the land parcels into near-river / away-river gradient strips, medium-distance-river gradient strips, and far-river / away-river gradient strips according to their distance from the river includes: S121. Calculate the vertical distance from the center line of the river channel to the boundary of the land parcel to obtain the maximum distance from the river; S122. According to the preset percentage of the maximum distance from the river, the land parcel is divided into three strip areas: the area with a maximum distance from the river centerline of 0% to 30% is the near-river gradient strip, the area with a maximum distance from the river of 30% to 70% is the medium-distance river gradient strip, and the area with a maximum distance from the river of 70% to 100% is the far-river gradient strip.

4. The method for ecological restoration of desert riparian forests according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S121, calculating the vertical distance from the river centerline to the boundary of the land parcel to obtain the maximum distance from the river includes: S121a. Extract multiple cross-sectional lines perpendicular to the river centerline at preset intervals along the river centerline. The cross-sectional lines are the shortest line segments connecting the river centerline and the boundary of the land parcel. The preset interval ranges from 50m to 200m. S121b Calculate the length of each segment of the cross-section line to obtain the distance from the river corresponding to that cross-section line; S121c. Compare the distances from the river to all cross-sections and determine the maximum value as the maximum distance from the river. S124d. Connect the points on each of the cross-sections corresponding to the maximum distance from the river by 30% in sequence to form the first boundary between the near-river and mid-distance river gradient strips; connect the points on each of the cross-sections corresponding to the maximum distance from the river by 70% in sequence to form the second boundary between the mid-distance river gradient strip and the far-river gradient strip.

5. The method for ecological restoration of desert riparian forests according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S13, the step of overlaying the near-river-away gradient strips, mid-distance river gradient strips, and far-river-away gradient strips with the vegetation type distribution information to generate the composite sub-region information includes: The Populus euphratica distribution area is intersected with the near-river and far-river gradient strips and the far-river and far-river gradient strips, respectively, to obtain the near-river Populus euphratica composite sub-region and the far-river Populus euphratica composite sub-region. The intersection of the Tamarix chinensis distribution area with the near-river and far-river gradient strips yields the near-river Tamarix chinensis composite subregion; The herbaceous distribution area is intersected with the distant river gradient strip to obtain the distant river herbaceous complex subregion; The entire area of ​​all vegetation types within the mid-distance river gradient strip is defined as the mid-distance composite sub-region. The intersection refers to grouping pixels or polygons that simultaneously belong to a certain river gradient strip and a certain vegetation type distribution area at the same spatial location into the same composite sub-region.

6. The method for ecological restoration of desert riparian forests according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S20, configuring water requirement characteristic information for the near-river Populus euphratica composite sub-region, the near-river Tamarix chinensis composite sub-region, the mid-distance composite sub-region, the distant-river Populus euphratica composite sub-region, and the distant-river herbaceous composite sub-region includes: The water demand characteristics of the near-river poplar composite sub-region are as follows: target groundwater rise of 0.2m to 0.5m, maximum allowable water accumulation duration of 24h to 48h, suitable water accumulation depth of 10cm to 30cm, and 2 to 3 irrigation pulses. The water demand characteristics of the near-river tamarisk composite sub-region are as follows: target groundwater rise of 0.1m to 0.3m, maximum allowable water accumulation duration of 24h to 48h, suitable water accumulation depth of 2cm to 10cm, and 1 to 2 irrigation pulses. The water demand characteristics of the mid-distance composite sub-region are as follows: target groundwater uplift range of 0.5m to 1.0m, maximum allowable water accumulation duration of 8h to 16h, suitable water accumulation depth range of 5cm to 15cm, and 3 to 4 irrigation pulses. The water demand characteristics of the Yuanhe Populus euphratica composite sub-region are as follows: target groundwater rise of 1.0m to 2.0m, maximum allowable water accumulation duration of 12h to 48h, suitable water accumulation depth of 10cm to 30cm, and 3 to 5 irrigation pulses. The water requirement characteristics of the Yuanhe herbaceous complex sub-region are as follows: target groundwater rise of 0.05m to 0.15m, maximum allowable water accumulation duration of 24h to 48h, suitable water accumulation depth of 5cm to 15cm, and 1 irrigation pulse.

7. The method for ecological restoration of desert riparian forests according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S30, generating flood diversion allocation plan information based on the water demand characteristic information includes: S31. Read the maximum allowable water accumulation time of the near-river poplar composite sub-region and / or the near-river tamarisk composite sub-region, and use it as the total water diversion period of the main ecological gate on the near-river side; S32. Read the suitable water depth range of the near-river poplar composite sub-region and / or the near-river tamarisk composite sub-region, and use the maximum value of the suitable water depth range as the closing trigger condition of the branch canal weir in the near-river section; when the first current water depth reaches the maximum value of the suitable water depth range, the water supply outlet of the branch canal weir in the near-river section is closed, and the water supply to the near-river poplar composite sub-region or the near-river tamarisk composite sub-region is stopped; S33. Read the target groundwater uplift amplitude of the mid-distance composite sub-region; when the second current water depth of the mid-distance composite sub-region decreases to no greater than the maximum value of the target groundwater uplift amplitude, the middle section water supply port of the branch canal weir is closed, and the water supply to the mid-distance composite sub-region is stopped. S34. Read the number of irrigation pulses and the suitable water depth range of the Yuanhe Populus euphratica composite sub-region and / or the Yuanhe herbaceous composite sub-region; The maximum value of the number of irrigation pulses is taken as the planned number of times the Yuanhe seepage channel is opened during the total water diversion period; the maximum value of the suitable water depth range is taken as the single closure threshold, and the minimum value is taken as the re-opening threshold of the Yuanhe seepage channel. After each opening, when the third current water depth of the Yuanhe Populus euphratica composite sub-zone and / or the Yuanhe Herbaceous composite sub-zone reaches the single-closing water depth threshold, the entire Yuanhe infiltration ditch is closed; after closing, when the third current water depth drops to the reopening water depth threshold, the entire Yuanhe infiltration ditch is reopened, completing one pulse cycle; Monitor the water depth decrease process of the Yuanhe Populus euphratica composite sub-region and / or the Yuanhe Herbaceous composite sub-region. Take the average time taken for the water depth to decrease from the single closing water depth threshold to the reopening water depth threshold in a pulse cycle that has been completed for the planned number of openings minus n-1 times as the standard decrease duration. If the decrease in water depth of the Yuanhe Populus euphratica composite sub-region and / or the Yuanhe Herbaceous composite sub-region is less than half of the suitable water depth range within the standard decrease duration, then the entire section of the Yuanhe seepage channel will no longer be opened, and this closing time point will be taken as the closing time node of the entire section of the Yuanhe seepage channel; where m > n ≥ 2; S35. During the total water diversion period, the entire section of the distant river seepage channel and the entire section of the branch canal weir are opened simultaneously at the start of flood diversion, and the start time of flood diversion is taken as the opening time node of the entire section of the branch canal weir and the entire section of the distant river seepage channel; the closing time of the first inlet of the branch canal weir is taken as the closing time node of the entire section of the branch canal weir; wherein, the entire section of the distant river seepage channel includes the second inlet of the distant river seepage channel and the distant river section water supply inlet, and the entire section of the branch canal weir includes the first inlet of the branch canal weir, the near river section water supply inlet and the middle section water supply inlet; S36. The total water diversion period of the main ecological gate, the opening and closing time nodes of the branch canal weir and the opening and closing time nodes of the distant river seepage channel are summarized and compiled into the flood diversion allocation plan information.

8. A desert riparian forest ecological restoration system applied to the desert riparian forest ecological restoration method as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, include: The main ecological gate is located at the water intake of the target plot and is used to control the total amount of water entering the flood diversion canal. The main ecological gate has a controllable opening degree. A branch canal weir is arranged along a branch of the main flood diversion canal. The branch canal weir is equipped with a first inlet, a near-river section water supply inlet, and a middle section water supply inlet. The first inlet is used to control the water intake of the branch canal weir. The near-river section water supply inlet is used to supply water to the near-river Populus euphratica composite sub-area and / or the near-river Tamarisk composite sub-area. The middle section water supply inlet is used to supply water to the middle-distance composite sub-area. The Yuanhe River Infiltration Ditch is equipped with a second inlet and multiple Yuanhe River Section Water Supply Inlets located on the ditch body; the second inlet is connected to the drainage port of the branch canal weir; the Yuanhe River Section Water Supply Inlets are used to control the water supply to the Yuanhe Populus euphratica composite sub-zone and / or the Yuanhe Herbaceous composite sub-zone. The edge control cabinet is connected to the main ecological gate, the branch canal weir and the distant river seepage ditch, and stores the water demand characteristic information, and generates flood diversion allocation plan information based on the water demand characteristic information; The flood diversion allocation plan information includes the total water diversion period of the main ecological gate, the opening and closing time nodes of the branch canal weir, and the opening and closing time nodes of the distant river seepage channel. The edge main control cabinet drives the main ecological gate, the branch canal weir, and the distant river seepage channel to open or close according to the flood diversion allocation plan information.

9. The desert riparian forest ecological restoration system according to claim 8, characterized in that, Also includes: A river-side water depth sensor is deployed in the river-side Populus euphratica composite sub-region and / or the river-side Tamarisk composite sub-region to obtain the first current water depth in the river-side Populus euphratica composite sub-region and / or the river-side Tamarisk composite sub-region. A medium-distance groundwater probe is deployed in the medium-distance composite sub-region to obtain the second current water depth in the medium-distance composite sub-region. A remote river water depth sensor is deployed in the remote river poplar composite sub-region and / or the remote river herbaceous composite sub-region to obtain the third current water depth of the remote river poplar composite sub-region and / or the remote river herbaceous composite sub-region. The edge control cabinet is connected to the near-river water depth sensor, the mid-distance groundwater probe, and the far-river water depth sensor, and executes the opening and closing time nodes in the flood diversion allocation plan information according to the first current water depth, the second current water depth, and the third current water depth.

10. The desert riparian forest ecological restoration system according to claim 8, characterized in that, It also includes a drone remote sensing device, which includes a flight platform, a multispectral camera, and an airborne edge processor; The multispectral camera is mounted on the flight platform and is used to acquire image information on the distribution of vegetation types in the target area; The airborne edge processor is connected to the multispectral camera and is used to perform supervised classification processing on the vegetation type distribution image information to generate vegetation type distribution information, which includes the distribution areas of Populus euphratica, Tamarix chinensis, and herbaceous plants. The airborne edge processor is also communicatively connected to the edge main control cabinet, and is used to send the vegetation type distribution information to the edge main control cabinet, so that the edge main control cabinet generates the composite sub-region information based on the vegetation type distribution information and the gradient strips away from the river.

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