Pollen suspension and method for increasing the rate of liquid pollination of apples

Abstract

The application provides a pollen suspension and a method for improving the liquid pollination rate of apples. In the method, the fine pollen is subjected to pectinase depectinization treatment. The fine pollen after pectin removal has good dispersibility, and thus a pollen suspension with good dispersibility can be prepared. The pollen suspension can ensure that the amount of pollen contacted by each flower is relatively consistent, realizes stable and reliable pollination effect, and significantly improves the pollen use efficiency, liquid pollination efficiency and effect. The method provided by the application is simple to operate and has high adaptability. Sprayers, misting machines and unmanned aerial vehicles can be used for operation, and the pollination demand of orchards of different scales can be met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of planting technology and relates to a pollen suspension and a method for improving the liquid pollination rate of apples. Background Technology

[0002] Apple pollination is a technique that uses specific methods or means to transfer suitable pollen to the stigma of the female parent flower, ensuring normal fertilization and promoting normal fruit development. It is a core link that determines apple yield, quality and commercial value.

[0003] Currently, the common methods of apple pollination mainly include: (1) Bee pollination, which is natural and safe, but insects stop moving when encountering adverse weather conditions such as low temperature, strong wind, and rain, which has the disadvantage of strong weather dependence; at the same time, bee pollination also interferes with the use of pesticides and affects the effect of use; (2) Manual pollination, which is precise and accurate, but the work efficiency is too low and a lot of labor is required; (3) Spray pollination, which mixes pollen with fillers such as talcum powder and starch and then sprays it with a sprayer. This method has the disadvantages of wasting pollen, inconvenient operation, high environmental dependence, and unstable effect; (4) Liquid pollination, which mixes pollen, sucrose, boric acid, etc. into a pollen suspension for liquid spraying. This method has the disadvantages of poor suspension, uneven dispersion and easy clumping, easy clogging of nozzles, unstable pollination effect, and low pollen utilization efficiency.

[0004] Therefore, existing apple pollination technologies have many drawbacks and are not conducive to apple pollination. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a pollen suspension and a method for improving the liquid pollination rate of apples, so as to solve the problems of low pollen utilization and low pollination rate during liquid pollination of apples.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: In a first aspect, this application provides a pollen suspension, the raw materials for which the pollen suspension is prepared include degummed pollen, urea, boric acid, sucrose and water, wherein the degummed pollen is obtained by degumming refined pollen with pectinase.

[0007] Secondly, this application provides a method for preparing a pollen suspension, comprising: Pectinase was added to a buffer isotonic solution to form a pectinase solution. After the pollen was mixed with the pectinase solution, the enzyme was inactivated, centrifuged, freeze-dried, crushed and sieved to obtain depectinized pollen. Dissolve urea, boric acid, and sucrose in water, add degummed pollen and mix well, then add the remaining water and mix well to form a pollen suspension.

[0008] Thirdly, this application provides a method for improving the liquid pollination rate of apples, the method comprising: spraying the pollen suspension described in the first aspect when the apple is in bloom.

[0009] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: In this application, the refined pollen is treated with pectinase to remove pectin, resulting in better dispersibility and thus enabling the preparation of a well-dispersed pollen suspension. This pollen suspension ensures a relatively consistent amount of pollen contact per flower, achieving stable and reliable pollination results and significantly improving pollen utilization efficiency, liquid pollination efficiency, and overall effectiveness. The method provided in this application is simple to operate, highly adaptable, and can be implemented using sprayers, misting machines, and drones, meeting the pollination needs of orchards of different sizes. Attached Figure Description

[0010] Figure 1 This is an actual fruit set diagram after pollen suspension treatment provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 2 This is a picture of the actual fruit set after treatment with fine pollen. Detailed Implementation

[0011] In a first aspect, this application provides a pollen suspension, the raw materials for which the pollen suspension is prepared include degummed pollen, urea, boric acid, sucrose and water, wherein the degummed pollen is obtained by degumming refined pollen with pectinase.

[0012] Highly pollen contains a significant amount of pectin, which causes it to clump together, resulting in poor dispersibility of the pollen suspension. Therefore, the highly pollen in this application is treated with pectinase to remove pectin. The pectin-free highly pollen exhibits better dispersibility, enabling the preparation of a well-dispersed pollen suspension. This ensures a relatively consistent amount of pollen contact per flower, significantly improving pollen utilization efficiency, liquid pollination efficiency, and overall effectiveness.

[0013] Urea: Enhances pollen metabolic activity and vitality, and helps prolong the effective pollination time; Boric acid can significantly stimulate pollen germination, promote pollen tube elongation and cell division, and improve fertilization success rate and fruit set rate.

[0014] Sucrose: As the main carbon source, it provides energy for pollen germination and pollen tube growth, while regulating the osmotic pressure of the solution, preventing pollen cells from losing water or rupturing due to water absorption, and maintaining normal physiological activity.

[0015] In this application, the raw materials for preparing the pollen suspension, by weight, include: 5-15g of pectinized pollen, 10-15g of urea, 0.5-1.5g of boric acid, 250-500g of sucrose, and 5kg of water. More preferably, the raw materials for preparing the pollen suspension, by weight, include: 10g of pectinized pollen, 15g of urea, 1.5g of boric acid, 250g of sucrose, and 5kg of water.

[0016] Secondly, this application provides a method for preparing a pollen suspension, comprising: S01: Pectinase is added to a buffer isotonic solution to form a pectinase solution. After the pollen is mixed with the pectinase solution, the process is followed by enzyme inactivation, centrifugation, freeze drying, crushing, and sieving to obtain depectinized pollen.

[0017] Mannitol was first dissolved in water to establish an osmotic environment. Then, CaCl2•2H2O, KI, KH2PO4, MgSO4•7H2O, and MES (2-Morpholinoethanesulfonic Acid) were added to prepare isotonic buffer solutions with final concentrations of 0.3 mol / L, 10 mmol / L, 0.1 mmol / L, 2 mmol / L, 1 mmol / L, and 20 mmol / L, respectively. Pectinase was then added to the isotonic buffer solution to prepare a pectinase solution with a concentration of 0.1-0.2%.

[0018] The refined pollen and pectinase solution were mixed at a mass-to-volume ratio of 1g:(5-10)ml and stirred at 28-30℃ for 30-60 minutes to remove pectin from the refined pollen. After depectinization, the mixture of refined pollen and pectinase solution was placed in a water bath at 4℃ for 2-5 minutes to inactivate the pectinase and terminate the enzyme reaction. The mixture was then centrifuged at 4℃ and 300g to collect the refined pollen. This refined pollen was pre-frozen at -40℃ for 4 hours, then dried at -50℃ under vacuum of 8Pa for 14 hours. After drying, it was gently crushed and passed through an 80-100 mesh sieve to obtain well-dispersed depectinized pollen.

[0019] S02: Dissolve urea, boric acid, and sucrose in a small amount of water, add degummed pollen and mix well, and finally add the remaining water and stir evenly to form a uniform pollen suspension.

[0020] Thirdly, this application provides a method for improving the liquid pollination rate of apples, the method comprising: spraying the pollen suspension described in the first aspect when the apple is in bloom.

[0021] Specifically, pollen suspension should be sprayed when the apple flowering rate is 30% and 80%, respectively, at a rate of 30-40 kg / mu. For small orchards, spraying should be done using a sprayer at a rate of 35-45 kg / mu. For large orchards, spraying should be done using a mist sprayer at a rate of 28-35 kg / mu; or using a drone at a rate of 18-25 kg / mu.

[0022] In this application, the pollen suspension needs to be prepared and used immediately, preferably sprayed within 1 hour, to ensure pollen activity and pollination effect.

[0023] The technical solution of the present invention will be further explained and described below through specific embodiments.

[0024] Example 1 This application provides a pollen suspension, the raw materials for which the pollen suspension is prepared by weight include: 10g of pectinized pollen, 15g of urea, 1.5g of boric acid, 250g of sucrose and 5kg of water.

[0025] This application provides a method for preparing a pollen suspension, the method comprising: S101: Mannitol was first dissolved in water, and then CaCl2•2H2O, KI, KH2PO4, MgSO4•7H2O, and MES were added to prepare buffer isotonic solutions with final concentrations of 0.3 mol / L, 10 mmol / L, 0.1 mmol / L, 2 mmol / L, 1 mmol / L, and 20 mmol / L, respectively. Pectinase was added to the buffer isotonic solution to prepare a 0.15% pectinase solution. The pollen and pectinase solution were mixed at a mass-to-volume ratio of 1:8 and stirred at 29°C for 40 min. The mixture was then placed in a 4°C water bath for 3 min, and centrifuged at 4°C and 300 g to collect the pollen. The pollen was frozen at -40°C for 4 h, then dried at -50°C under vacuum of 8 Pa for 14 h. Afterward, it was gently crushed and passed through a 90-mesh sieve to obtain well-dispersed depectinized pollen.

[0026] S102: Dissolve urea, boric acid, and sucrose in a small amount of water, add degummed pollen and mix well, and finally add the remaining water and stir evenly to form a uniform pollen suspension.

[0027] Example 2 This application provides a pollen suspension, the raw materials for which the pollen suspension is prepared by weight include: 5g of pectin-free pollen, 10g of urea, 1.0g of boric acid, 300g of sucrose and 5kg of water.

[0028] This application provides a method for preparing a pollen suspension, the method comprising: S201: Mannitol was first dissolved in water, and then CaCl2•2H2O, KI, KH2PO4, MgSO4•7H2O, and MES were added to prepare buffer isotonic solutions with final concentrations of 0.3 mol / L, 10 mmol / L, 0.1 mmol / L, 2 mmol / L, 1 mmol / L, and 20 mmol / L, respectively. Pectinase was added to the buffer isotonic solution to prepare a 0.1% pectinase solution. The pollen and pectinase solution were mixed at a mass-to-volume ratio of 1:10 and stirred at 28°C for 60 min. The mixture was then placed in a 4°C water bath for 2 min, and centrifuged at 4°C and 300 g to collect the pollen. The pollen was frozen at -40°C for 4 h, then dried at -50°C under vacuum (8 Pa) for 14 h. Afterward, it was gently crushed and passed through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain well-dispersed depectinized pollen.

[0029] S202: Dissolve urea, boric acid, and sucrose in a small amount of water, add degummed pollen and mix well, and finally add the remaining water and stir evenly to form a uniform pollen suspension.

[0030] Example 3 This application provides a pollen suspension, the raw materials for which the pollen suspension is prepared by weight include: 15g of pectinized pollen, 12g of urea, 1.5g of boric acid, 500g of sucrose and 5kg of water.

[0031] This application provides a method for preparing a pollen suspension, the method comprising: S301: Mannitol was first dissolved in water, and then CaCl2•2H2O, KI, KH2PO4, MgSO4•7H2O, and MES were added to prepare buffer isotonic solutions with final concentrations of 0.3 mol / L, 10 mmol / L, 0.1 mmol / L, 2 mmol / L, 1 mmol / L, and 20 mmol / L, respectively. Pectinase was added to the buffer isotonic solution to prepare a 0.2% pectinase solution. The pollen and pectinase solution were mixed at a mass-to-volume ratio of 1:5 and stirred at 30°C for 30 min. The mixture was then placed in a 4°C water bath for 4 min and centrifuged at 300 g at 4°C to collect the pollen. The pollen was frozen at -40°C for 4 h, then dried at -50°C under vacuum (8 Pa) for 14 h. Afterward, it was gently crushed and passed through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain well-dispersed depectinized pollen.

[0032] S302: Dissolve urea, boric acid, and sucrose in a small amount of water, add degummed pollen and mix well, and finally add the remaining water and stir evenly to form a uniform pollen suspension.

[0033] Example 4 This application provides a pollen suspension, the raw materials for which are prepared by weight include: 9g of pectin-free pollen, 15g of urea, 0.5g of boric acid, 250g of sucrose and 5kg of water.

[0034] This application provides a method for preparing a pollen suspension, the method comprising: S401: Mannitol was first dissolved in water, and then CaCl2•2H2O, KI, KH2PO4, MgSO4•7H2O, and MES were added to prepare buffer isotonic solutions with final concentrations of 0.3 mol / L, 10 mmol / L, 0.1 mmol / L, 2 mmol / L, 1 mmol / L, and 20 mmol / L, respectively. Pectinase was added to the buffer isotonic solution to prepare a 0.2% pectinase solution. The pollen and pectinase solution were mixed at a mass-to-volume ratio of 1:9 and stirred at 29°C for 45 min. The mixture was then placed in a 4°C water bath for 5 min and centrifuged at 300 g at 4°C to collect the pollen. The pollen was frozen at -40°C for 4 h, then dried at -50°C under vacuum (8 Pa) for 14 h. After drying, the pollen was gently crushed and passed through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain well-dispersed depectinized pollen.

[0035] S402: Dissolve urea, boric acid, and sucrose in a small amount of water, add degummed pollen and mix well, and finally add the remaining water and stir evenly to form a uniform pollen suspension.

[0036] In this embodiment, the pollen suspension prepared in Example 1 was applied to pollinate 8-year-old Yanfu 3 / M9T337 apple trees in Langyaling Agricultural Ecological Park, Laizhou City. The Yanfu 3 / M9T337 apple trees were arranged in a north-south direction with a spacing of 1.5m × 3m, had a spindle shape, were robust, and were growing and bearing fruit normally.

[0037] The pollen suspension prepared in Example 1 and the pollen suspension prepared from ordinary refined pollen were sprayed once each using a mist sprayer when the flowering rate was 30% and 80%, respectively, with the same spraying amount. Other management was carried out as usual. After physiological fruit drop, the fruit set rate was counted, and the fruit quality was measured after the fruit matured. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2. Figure 1 , 2 .

[0038] Table 1: Fruit Set Rate Results From Table 1 and Appendix Figure 1 , 2 As can be seen, compared with pollen suspensions prepared from ordinary refined pollen, pollination using the pollen suspension prepared in Example 1 of this application resulted in inflorescence fruit set rate of 97.1% and flower fruit set rate of 68.2%, respectively, with a significant improvement in inflorescence fruit set rate and flower fruit set rate.

[0039] Table 2: Effects on Fruit Quality As shown in Table 2, compared with pollen suspensions prepared from ordinary refined pollen, pollination using the pollen suspension prepared in Example 1 of this application significantly improved the coloring index, gloss index, color, single fruit weight, and number of seeds.

[0040] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A pollen suspension, characterized in that, The raw materials for preparation include degummed pollen, urea, boric acid, sucrose and water, wherein the degummed pollen is obtained by degumming refined pollen with pectinase.

2. The pollen suspension according to claim 1, characterized in that, The raw materials for preparation include, by weight: 5-15g of pectin-free pollen, 10-15g of urea, 0.5-1.5g of boric acid, 250-500g of sucrose, and 5kg of water.

3. The pollen suspension according to claim 1, characterized in that, The raw materials for preparation include, by weight: 10g of pectin-free pollen, 15g of urea, 1.5g of boric acid, 250g of sucrose, and 5kg of water.

4. The method for preparing the pollen suspension according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, include: Pectinase was added to a buffer isotonic solution to form a pectinase solution. After the pollen was mixed with the pectinase solution, the enzyme was inactivated, centrifuged, freeze-dried, crushed and sieved to obtain depectinized pollen. Dissolve urea, boric acid, and sucrose in water, add degummed pollen and mix well, then add the remaining water and mix well to form a pollen suspension.

5. The method for preparing pollen suspension according to claim 4, characterized in that, The mass-to-volume ratio of the pollen to the pectinase solution is 1g:(5-10)ml, and the mass concentration of the pectinase solution is 0.1-0.2%.

6. The method for preparing pollen suspension according to claim 4, characterized in that, The buffer isotonic solution is prepared using sterile deionized water as a solvent, and the raw materials, according to their final concentration in water, include: mannitol 0.3 mol / L, CaCl2•2H2O 10 mmol / L, KI 0.1 mmol / L, KH2PO4 2 mmol / L, MgSO4•7H2O 1 mmol / L, and MES 20 mmol / L.

7. The method for preparing pollen suspension according to claim 4, characterized in that, The mixing temperature of the refined pollen and pectinase solution is 28-30℃, and the mixing time is 30-60 min.

8. The method for preparing pollen suspension according to claim 4, characterized in that, The particle size of the pectin-free pollen is 80-100 mesh.

9. A method for improving the liquid pollination rate of apples, characterized in that, Spray the pollen suspension according to any one of claims 1-3 when the apple tree is in bloom.

10. The method for improving the liquid pollination rate of apples according to claim 9, characterized in that, When the apple flowering rate is 30% and 80%, spray the pollen suspension described in any one of claims 1-3, with a spraying amount of 20-45 kg / mu.

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