A three-antifungal fermentation coated straw treatment method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of three anti-mildew fermentation bale film straw processing methods, which comprises the following steps: rubbing straw segment to 2~5cm and adjusting moisture to 60~65%;Spread straw, evenly spray urea solution, 15‑30 minutes after evenly spraying the bacteria liquid prepared by lactic acid bacteria and molasses water, and add the powdery material rich in fermentable carbohydrates;Compaction bundling to density ≥650kg / m 3 ;In the process of bale film, simultaneously spray food-grade organic acid solution diluted to 10~20% to the exposed surface of bale and the inside of first layer of film;Finally, film sealing storage is carried out.The application builds a three-way synergistic anti-mildew system of "internal weak ammoniation mildew inhibition (alkaline environment) + lactic acid fermentation bacteria inhibition (bioacidification) + outer layer food-grade organic acid mildew prevention (chemical barrier)", effectively solves the technical problem that outer layer of straw bale film silage is prone to mildew in high temperature and high humidity area, makes the mildew rate less than 3%, increases the crude protein content by 1.5~2.0%, realizes long-term safe storage and efficient utilization of feed of straw.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural waste resource utilization and feed processing technology, specifically to an integrated treatment method for straw anti-mold and fermentation suitable for high temperature and high humidity areas, and particularly to a ternary anti-mold fermentation coating straw treatment method that combines weak ammoniation, lactic acid fermentation and outer spraying of food-grade organic acid for anti-mold. Background Technology

[0002] In my country's Yangtze River Basin and Pearl River Delta regions, which are characterized by high temperatures and humidity, crop straw resources are abundant. However, due to the unique environmental and climatic conditions, straw is highly susceptible to mold during harvesting and storage. Traditional dry storage methods require keeping the straw dry, which is costly and prone to moisture absorption and mold growth in these areas. While conventional silage methods (baling and wrapping) create an anaerobic environment for fermentation and preservation, in practice, even slight imperfections or minor tears in the wrapping allow the outer layer of straw to easily absorb oxygen, making it the first to mold and the starting point for the entire bale's decay. This results in significant economic losses and resource waste.

[0003] Existing technologies mostly focus on single anti-corrosion methods. For example, patent document CN201910090571.1 discloses a silage anti-mold additive, but it does not propose a specific solution for the problem of mold growth on the outer layer of coated silage. Therefore, there is an urgent need in the field for a new straw treatment process that can provide effective protection both inside and out, thoroughly prevent mold growth, and improve feed quality. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and provide a three-element anti-mold fermentation coating straw treatment method that is low-cost, thoroughly prevents mold, has high nutritional value, and is particularly suitable for high-temperature and high-humidity environments. The core of this method lies in constructing a three-element synergistic anti-mold system consisting of "internal weak ammonification for mold inhibition (alkaline environment) + lactic acid bacteria fermentation for mold inhibition (bio-acidification) + outer layer food-grade organic acid for mold prevention (chemical barrier)". Through the synergistic effect of this three-element anti-mold system, the technical bottleneck of easily moldy outer layers of coated straw during storage is fundamentally solved.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A method for treating straw with a ternary anti-mold fermentation coating includes the following steps: (1) Raw material pretreatment: The straw is rubbed and cut into 2-5cm segments, and the moisture content is adjusted to 60-65%. The specific method is as follows: the straw is processed into 2-5cm segments by a rubbing machine to fully break down the surface fibers, and the moisture content is precisely adjusted to 60-65% by spraying water or spreading it out for ventilation. The criterion for judging whether the moisture content is 60-65% is: it can be squeezed into a ball in the hand without dripping water, and it crumbles easily when released.

[0006] (2) Spraying and mixing of the mixed solution: Spread out the pretreated straw and spray it evenly with urea solution (as an ammonia source). After 15-30 minutes (to prevent acid-base neutralization during the treatment process and reduce the treatment effect), spray it evenly with a bacterial solution prepared from lactic acid bacteria and molasses water, and add powdered material rich in fermentable carbohydrates. The molasses and the powdered material together serve as fermentable carbon sources. Mix them simultaneously to ensure uniform mixing. The amount of urea added is 1-2% of the weight of the straw, and the amount of lactic acid bacteria added is 150-200g per ton of straw, with a viable count ≥1×10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g, wherein the total amount of the fermentable carbon source added is 2-5% of the straw weight; (3) Compacting and Baling: Compact and bale the sprayed straw, with a bale density ≥ 650 kg / m³. 3 Specific procedure: Use a baler to compact the material into bales, with the core control indicator being bale density ≥ 650 kg / m³. 3 This creates a good anaerobic environment while avoiding excessive squeezing that could lead to juice loss.

[0007] (4) Surface spraying and coating with food-grade organic acid: During the coating process of the bales, a food-grade organic acid solution is sprayed simultaneously onto the exposed surface of the bales and the inside of the first layer of coating. The amount of the food-grade organic acid added, calculated in pure form, is 2-3 kg per ton of straw. When using it, the food-grade organic acid is diluted to a mass concentration of 10-20% aqueous solution. This is the key innovation of the present invention. Specifically, when the bales enter the coating machine station, while the bales are exposed and rotating, a spraying device is used to evenly spray a food-grade organic acid aqueous solution diluted to a mass concentration of 10-20% (calculated in pure food-grade organic acid, the amount used is 2-3 kg / ton of straw) onto the surface of the bales. When the first layer of coating begins to be wrapped, an appropriate amount of food-grade organic acid solution can be sprayed onto the inside of the coating. Spraying is stopped after the first layer of coating is completed. This measure aims to form a strong acid chemical anti-mold layer on the outermost layer of the bales, specifically to resist mold growth that may be caused by micro-leakage during coating.

[0008] (5) Sealed storage: After wrapping, place the straw bales in a place that is off the ground, protected from rain, and well-ventilated.

[0009] The straw is one or more of the following: corn, rice, wheat, rapeseed, soybean, and peanut straw, or freshly cut forage.

[0010] When the straw is leguminous straw or freshly cut forage, the total amount of fermentable carbon source added is 3-5% of the straw weight; when the straw is other than leguminous straw or freshly cut forage, the total amount of fermentable carbon source added is 2-3% of the straw weight.

[0011] The powdered material rich in fermentable carbohydrates is corn flour, wheat bran, or rice bran.

[0012] The food-grade organic acid is formic acid, acetic acid, or propionic acid.

[0013] The spraying and mixing of the mixed solution in step (2) shall be carried out under an ambient temperature not higher than 40°C, and the time interval from the completion of spraying to the completion of compaction and bundling in step (3) shall not exceed 2 hours.

[0014] The number of coating layers in step (4) is 4 to 8, and the coating material is an agricultural film with a white outer layer and a black inner layer or an oxygen barrier type. The number of coating layers is adjusted according to the ambient humidity: the number of coating layers is 4 to 6 in the dry season at normal temperature, and 6 to 8 in the rainy season or in a high-humidity environment.

[0015] The lactic acid bacteria mentioned in step (2) are activated by dissolving in molasses water before spraying.

[0016] The storage conditions described in step (5) are as follows: the distance between the straw bales and the ground is ≥30cm, the stacking method is single-layer horizontal stacking or plum blossom stacking, the integrity of the membrane is checked once a month during the storage period, and any damage is repaired immediately. The storage period is 6 to 9 months.

[0017] The coated silage product prepared by the method of this invention has no mold growth on the outer layer after 6 months of storage, a pH value of 4.8-5.2, a sour and slightly ammonia-like odor, and a crude protein content that is 1.5-2.0% higher than that of the raw material.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages: 1. Revolutionary Anti-Mold Effect: The ternary anti-mold system forms a complementary dual barrier. Internally, the ammonia gas produced by urea decomposition creates a weakly alkaline environment to initially inhibit mold growth, while lactic acid bacteria rapidly multiply and produce acid, lowering the system's pH value and strongly inhibiting various harmful molds and spoilage bacteria. Externally, the food-grade organic acid layer acts as a "chemical firewall," specifically killing or inhibiting mold spores that may invade through areas of the coating that may leak oxygen. This method keeps the mold rate stably controlled below 3%, especially solving the problem of mold growth on the outer layer.

[0019] 2. Significant quality improvement: The weak ammoniation process not only prevents mold but also breaks down the lignin-cellulose structure of straw, releasing nutrients and increasing crude protein content by 1.5-2.0% and dry matter digestibility by 5-8%. The sour aroma produced by lactic acid fermentation effectively masks the ammonia odor and improves palatability.

[0020] 3. Extremely high cost-effectiveness: Taking the processing of 1 ton of fresh straw as an example, and the total amount of fermentable carbon source added as 2% of the straw weight, the total material cost (urea unit price 3 yuan / kg, 15kg required, cost 45 yuan; lactic acid bacteria unit price 40 yuan / kg, 0.2kg required, cost 8 yuan; molasses water with a mass concentration of 4.0% unit price 2 yuan / kg, 25kg required, cost 50 yuan; corn flour (the powdered material mentioned is corn flour as an example) unit price 1.5 yuan / kg, 19kg required, cost 28.5 yuan; formic acid (the food-grade organic acid mentioned is formic acid as an example) unit price 6 yuan / kg, 2kg required, cost 12 yuan; coating material cost is about 18 yuan) is 161.5 yuan, which is significantly lower than the value lost due to mold. Furthermore, by increasing the outer layer's anti-mold ability, the safe storage period is greatly extended, resulting in significant comprehensive benefits.

[0021] 4. Strong environmental adaptability: This method is specifically designed for high temperature and high humidity environments with an average daily temperature of ≥25℃ and relative humidity of >70%. It has obvious advantages in the Yangtze River Basin and Southeast Coastal Areas, solving the pain points of safe straw collection and storage in such areas. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The present invention will be further illustrated by specific embodiments below, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0023] Example 1: Treatment of wheat straw Take 1 ton of wheat straw with a moisture content adjusted to 60% and a length of 2cm after kneading, and spread it out. Weigh 10kg of urea (1% of the straw weight) and dissolve it in water, spray it evenly and stir. After 15 minutes, weigh 19.5kg of corn flour as powdered material (total fermentable carbon source added is 2% of the straw weight), and then weigh 150g of lactic acid bacteria (live bacteria count of 1.0×10⁻⁶). 9 Dissolve (CFU / g) in 20kg of 2.5% molasses water, spray evenly and stir; complete bundling within 2 hours, controlling the density at 650kg / m³. 3 After baling, a 10% formic acid solution (containing 2 kg of pure formic acid per ton of straw) is sprayed onto the surface of the bales during wrapping. The bales are then wrapped with four layers of oxygen-barrier agricultural film and stored 30 cm above the ground. After six months of storage, the outer layer showed no mold growth, the pH value was 5.2, and the crude protein content was 1.5% higher than that of the raw material.

[0024] Example 2: Treatment of freshly cut forage Take 1 ton of freshly cut ryegrass with a moisture content of approximately 63%, rub and cut it into 3-4 cm sections, spread it out, weigh out 15 kg of urea (addition amount is 1.5% of the straw weight), dissolve it in water, spray it evenly and stir. After 20 minutes, weigh out 39 kg of wheat bran as powdered material (total amount of fermentable carbon source added is 4% of the straw weight), and then weigh out 175 g of lactic acid bacteria (live bacteria count is 1×10⁻⁶). 9 Dissolve (CFU / g) in 25 kg of a 4% molasses solution, spray evenly and stir, and bale within 2 hours to achieve a density of 670 kg / m³. 3 After baling, a 15% (w / w) diluted propionic acid solution was sprayed onto the surface of the bales during wrapping as a food-grade organic acid (containing 2.5 kg / ton of pure propionic acid). The bales were then wrapped with six layers of white-outer, black-inner agricultural film, and stored under the same conditions as in Example 1. After six months of storage, the product's appearance and nutritional indicators met the standards for high-quality silage.

[0025] Example 3: Treatment of Mixed Straw Take 1 ton of corn and rice straw mixed together, with the moisture content adjusted to 65%. Knead the mixture to 5cm thickness, spread it out, and weigh out 20kg of urea (2% of the straw weight). Dissolve the urea in water, spray evenly, and stir. After 30 minutes, weigh out 49.6kg of rice bran as powdered material (total fermentable carbon source added is 5% of the straw weight). Then weigh out 200g of lactic acid bacteria (live count 1.2 × 10⁻⁶). 9 Dissolve (CFU / g) in 20kg of 2% molasses water, spray evenly and stir; complete bundling within 2 hours, achieving a density of 680kg / m³. 3 After baling, a 20% acetic acid solution (containing 3 kg / ton of pure acetic acid) is sprayed onto the surface of the bales and the inside of the film during wrapping, serving as a food-grade organic acid. The bales are then wrapped in eight layers of white-outer, black-inner agricultural film and stored in a rain-sheltered, well-ventilated place. After six months of storage, the product exhibits excellent quality, with a pH of 4.8 and a crude protein content 2.0% higher than the raw material.

Claims

1. A method for treating straw with a ternary anti-mildew fermentation coating, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Raw material pretreatment: Crush and cut the straw into 2-5cm sections, and adjust the moisture content to 60-65%; (2) Spraying and mixing the mixed solution: Spread out the pretreated straw and spray it evenly with urea solution. After 15-30 minutes, spray it evenly with a bacterial solution made of lactic acid bacteria and molasses water, and add powdered material rich in fermentable carbohydrates. The molasses and the powdered material together serve as fermentable carbon sources. Mix the mixture simultaneously. The amount of urea added is 1-2% of the weight of the straw, and the amount of lactic acid bacteria added is 150-200g per ton of straw, with a viable count ≥1×10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g, wherein the total amount of the fermentable carbon source added is 2-5% of the straw weight; (3) Compacting and Baling: Compact and bale the sprayed straw, with a bale density ≥ 650 kg / m³. 3 ; (4) Spraying and coating of food-grade organic acid solution on the surface: During the process of coating the bales after baling, spray food-grade organic acid solution on the exposed surface of the bales and the inside of the first layer of coating simultaneously; The amount of food-grade organic acid added, calculated in pure product, is 2-3 kg per ton of straw, and the food-grade organic acid is diluted to a 10-20% aqueous solution when used. (5) Sealed storage: After wrapping, place the straw bales in a place that is off the ground, protected from rain, and well-ventilated.

2. The method for treating straw with a ternary anti-mildew fermentation coating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The straw is one or a mixture of two or more of the following: corn, rice, wheat, rapeseed, soybean, and peanut straw, or freshly cut forage.

3. The method for treating straw with a ternary anti-mildew fermentation coating according to claim 2, characterized in that, When the straw is leguminous straw or freshly cut forage, the total amount of fermentable carbon source added is 3-5% of the straw weight; for other types of straw, the total amount of fermentable carbon source added is 2-3% of the straw weight.

4. The method for treating straw with a ternary anti-mildew fermentation coating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The powdered material rich in fermentable carbohydrates is corn flour, wheat bran, or rice bran.

5. The method for treating straw with a ternary anti-mildew fermentation coating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The food-grade organic acid is formic acid, acetic acid, or propionic acid.

6. The method for treating straw with a ternary anti-mildew fermentation coating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spraying and mixing of the mixed solution in step (2) shall be carried out under an ambient temperature not higher than 40°C, and the time interval from the completion of spraying to the completion of compaction and bundling in step (3) shall not exceed 2 hours.

7. The method for treating straw with a ternary anti-mildew fermentation coating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of layers of the coating in step (4) is 4-8, and the coating material is an agricultural film of the white-outer-black-inner type or the oxygen-barrier type.

8. The method for treating straw with a ternary anti-mildew fermentation coating according to claim 7, characterized in that, The number of coating layers in step (4) is adjusted according to the ambient humidity: the number of coating layers is 4-6 layers in the dry season at normal temperature, and 6-8 layers in the rainy season or high humidity environment.

9. The method for treating straw with a ternary anti-mildew fermentation coating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The storage conditions described in step (5) are as follows: the distance between the straw bales and the ground is ≥30cm, the stacking method is single-layer horizontal stacking or plum blossom stacking, the integrity of the membrane is checked once a month during the storage period, and any damage is repaired immediately. The storage period is 6-9 months.

10. A coated silage product prepared by the ternary anti-mold fermentation coating method for straw according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, After 6 months of storage, the outer layer showed no mold growth, the pH value was 4.8-5.2, it had a sour and slightly ammonia-like odor, and the crude protein content was 1.5-2.0% higher than that of the raw material.