Selenium-rich concentrated feed for improving meat quality and health of small yellow cattle and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of selenium-rich concentrated feed, and particularly relates to a selenium-rich concentrated feed for improving beef quality and body health of small yellow cattle and a preparation method thereof, which is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by weight: corn 50-60%, soybean meal 15-25%, wheat bran 8-12%, premix 4-5%, selenium-rich yeast 0.3-0.6%, light calcium carbonate 1.0-1.5%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 0.8-1.2%, salt 0.5-1.0%, baking soda 0.5-1.0%, lysine 0.1-0.3%, and egg methionine 0.05-0.15%.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of selenium-enriched concentrated feed technology, and in particular relates to a selenium-enriched concentrated feed that improves the quality and health of beef cattle and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] With the upgrading of residents' consumption, the market demand for beef has shifted from simply meeting the supply of meat to selenium-enriched beef that combines flavor, safety, and nutritional functions. Selenium, as an essential trace element for animals and humans, can enhance the body's antioxidant capacity, strengthen immunity, and prevent white muscle disease in beef cattle. The market premium for selenium-enriched beef is significant, and the demand for selenium-enriched feed from the breeding end continues to expand. Currently, most mainstream selenium-enriched feeds in the industry use inorganic selenium such as sodium selenite as the selenium source. Inorganic selenium has a low bioavailability and a narrow safe dosage range, and excessive addition can easily cause selenium poisoning in beef cattle. On the other hand, the existing formulas of selenium yeast-based organic selenium products are mostly general-purpose ruminant feeds, which have not been specifically optimized for the unique rumen digestive characteristics, selenium deposition and metabolism patterns, and meat quality improvement needs of calves in the fattening stage. It is difficult to simultaneously achieve the multiple goals of high selenium enrichment, rapid weight gain, and meat quality improvement.

[0003] Commercially available selenium-enriched cattle feed formulas are suitable for a wide range of products, but lack a specific nutritional ratio system tailored to fattening calves. Feeding large amounts of high-concentration feed can easily cause rumen acidity imbalance, inducing acidosis, diarrhea, and other problems. At the same time, conventional feeds lack the synergistic antioxidant design of selenium, vitamin E, and sulfur-containing amino acids, resulting in high drip loss, short shelf life, and poor marbling and meat color quality in the beef produced. Imbalances in the calcium-phosphorus ratio of ordinary feeds can also cause skeletal and limb development defects in young calves. Current technologies cannot simultaneously address breeding safety, growth efficiency, selenium conversion, and improvement of fresh meat quality, indicating significant technological shortcomings. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the aforementioned problems, and in conjunction with the first aspect of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention provide a selenium-enriched concentrated feed for improving the quality and health of beef cattle and a method for preparing the same, the method comprising:

[0005] It consists of the following raw materials by weight percentage:

[0006] The ingredients are: corn 50%–60%, soybean meal 15%–25%, wheat bran 8%–12%, premix 4%–5%, selenium-enriched yeast 0.3%–0.6%, light calcium carbonate 1.0%–1.5%, dicalcium phosphate 0.8%–1.2%, salt 0.5%–1.0%, baking soda 0.5%–1.0%, lysine 0.1%–0.3%, and methionine 0.05%–0.15%.

[0007] Preferably, the selenium content in the selenium-enriched yeast is 800–2000 mg / kg.

[0008] Preferably, the premix contains vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, copper, iron, zinc, manganese, iodine, and cobalt trace elements; the premix is ​​divided into three categories: conventional premix, high vitamin E fortified premix, and high trace element fortified premix. The amount of vitamin E added in the high vitamin E fortified premix is ​​2.5 times that in the conventional premix, and the amount of copper, iron, zinc, manganese, and cobalt added in the high trace element fortified premix is ​​increased by 30% compared with the conventional premix.

[0009] Preferably, the feed grinding fineness is controlled at 40 mesh to 60 mesh; light calcium carbonate and dicalcium phosphate can be subjected to ultra-fine grinding treatment separately.

[0010] A method for preparing selenium-enriched concentrated feed to improve the quality and health of beef cattle includes the following steps:

[0011] Step 1: Wash, remove impurities, and dry the corn, soybean meal, and wheat bran;

[0012] Step 2: Grind the pretreated corn, soybean meal, and wheat bran to 40-60 mesh, and separately ultrafine grind the light calcium carbonate and dicalcium phosphate as needed;

[0013] Step 3: Add the crushed main ingredients, light calcium carbonate, dicalcium phosphate, salt, baking soda, lysine, and methionine into a mixer and mix for 5-8 minutes to obtain a primary mixture.

[0014] Step 4: Add premix and selenium-enriched yeast to the primary mixture, continue mixing for 10-15 minutes, and take samples to test the coefficient of variation (CV) of the mixing uniformity (<5%).

[0015] Step 5: Pack the well-mixed finished feed into a woven bag lined with a moisture-proof PE film, seal it, and store it in a cool, dry place away from light.

[0016] Preferably, in step three, lysine and methionine are pre-diluted with a small amount of wheat bran before being added to the mixer; baking soda is pre-mixed with wheat bran before being added to the primary mixing.

[0017] Preferably, in step four, the selenium-enriched yeast is added to the mixer in two or three separate batches, with the total mixing time controlled between 12 and 22 minutes.

[0018] When using premixed feed with high vitamin E fortification, all mixing processes are completed in a light-proof and low-temperature environment.

[0019] Preferably, when the selenium-enriched yeast is a high-selenium yeast with a selenium content of 2000 mg / kg, it is added to the mixer in two stages, and the coefficient of variation of the mixing uniformity in the second mixing stage is controlled at CV < 3.5%.

[0020] Preferably, this feed is suitable for feeding 300kg fattening calves, and should be fed in combination with corn silage roughage for a feeding cycle of 90 days.

[0021] Preferably, when the sodium bicarbonate content in the feed is 0.98%, it is suitable for long-term high-concentrate feeding mode, stably maintains the rumen pH value of 6.2-6.8 in calves, and prevents rumen acidosis.

[0022] Based on the above, selenium-enriched yeast was selected as the organic selenium source. Compared with traditional inorganic selenium, it is safer and has a stronger absorption and utilization rate. Combined with vitamin E and methionine in the premix, it forms a synergistic antioxidant system, which can significantly increase the amount of selenium deposited in the muscle tissue of calves. The selenium content of the beef produced meets the standards for selenium-enriched meat products, effectively reducing the degree of muscle fat oxidation, reducing drip loss of meat, improving meat color, and extending the shelf life of fresh beef. The formula is precisely formulated with baking soda to regulate rumen pH, and with light calcium carbonate and dicalcium phosphate to regulate calcium-phosphorus balance. This can stabilize the rumen environment of fattening calves and avoid problems such as acidosis, diarrhea, and hoof diseases caused by long-term consumption of high-concentration feed, thus significantly reducing the incidence of disease during the breeding period.

[0023] This invention provides basic energy and protein from corn and soybean meal, and supplements the limiting amino acids of lysine and methionine in a gradient ratio to improve feed conversion rate, shorten the fattening cycle, and reduce overall breeding costs. At the same time, this invention sets up a differentiated premix system and controllable processing technology, which can be adapted to various breeding scenarios such as long-term feeding by small farmers, large-scale selenium-enriched beef cattle targeted breeding, and high-density cattle farms. Eight gradient examples have confirmed that the formula is superior to existing general selenium-enriched feeds in terms of weight gain promotion, selenium enrichment, body immunity, and meat quality preservation, and has broad value for large-scale promotion. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the execution process of a selenium-enriched concentrated feed for improving the quality and health of beef cattle and its preparation method provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0026] Example 1;

[0027] Weigh out 580 kg of corn, 180 kg of soybean meal, 110 kg of wheat bran, 42 kg of premix, 3 kg of selenium-enriched yeast (1000 mg / kg selenium content), 13 kg of light calcium carbonate, 9 kg of dicalcium phosphate, 6 kg of salt, 6 kg of baking soda, 1 kg of lysine, and 0.7 kg of methionine. First, wash, remove impurities, and dry the corn, soybean meal, and wheat bran. Grind the three main ingredients to a fineness of 40 mesh. Add the ground main ingredients, light calcium carbonate, dicalcium phosphate, salt, baking soda, lysine, and methionine to a mixer and mix for 5 minutes. Then add the premix and selenium-enriched yeast and continue mixing for 12 minutes. The coefficient of variation of the mixing uniformity is less than 4%. After completion, pack the mixture into a woven bag lined with a moisture-proof film and store it in a cool, dry place in a sealed container. A 90-day feeding trial was conducted on 20 healthy fattening calves weighing around 300 kg. The cattle were fed with corn silage and other roughage throughout the trial. At the end of the trial, the selenium content of the beef was 0.38 mg / kg. No acidosis or selenium poisoning was observed in the cattle during the feeding period. The average daily weight gain was 6.2% higher than that of the ordinary feed group with added sodium selenite, and muscle drip loss was reduced by 2.1%. The cattle are suitable for long-term continuous feeding by small farmers.

[0028] Example 2;

[0029] Weigh out 520 kg of corn, 240 kg of soybean meal, 85 kg of wheat bran, 45 kg of premix, 5 kg of selenium-enriched yeast (2000 mg / kg selenium content), 14 kg of light calcium carbonate, 11 kg of dicalcium phosphate, 9 kg of salt, 9 kg of baking soda, 2.8 kg of lysine, and 1.4 kg of methionine. After cleaning, drying, and removing impurities, grind the raw materials to 60 mesh. First, mix the main ingredients, mineral salts, and basic amino acids for 8 minutes. Then, add the high-selenium yeast and premix in two batches and continue mixing for 15 minutes each time, controlling the coefficient of variation of the mixing uniformity to be below 3.5%. Store in a moisture-proof and light-proof package. Under the same conditions, a 90-day breeding trial showed that the selenium content of beef could reach 0.65 mg / kg, significantly improving the antioxidant capacity of muscle, resulting in a lasting bright and vibrant meat color without oxidative browning. The average daily weight gain of the experimental cattle was 9.1% higher than that of the control group, and the marbling grade of the muscle was improved by one level. This method is suitable for large-scale targeted breeding and production of selenium-enriched beef.

[0030] Example 3;

[0031] Weigh out 540 kg of corn, 230 kg of soybean meal, 90 kg of wheat bran, 43 kg of premix, 4.5 kg of selenium-enriched yeast (1000 mg / kg selenium content), 12 kg of light calcium carbonate, 10 kg of dicalcium phosphate, 7 kg of salt, 7 kg of baking soda, 2.9 kg of lysine, and 1.45 kg of methionine. After removing impurities and grinding the corn, soybean meal, and wheat bran, pre-dilute the lysine and methionine with a small amount of wheat bran, then add them to a mixer along with the calcium and phosphorus mineral salts, salt, and baking soda for the first mixing. Mix for 8 minutes, then add the premix and selenium-enriched yeast and continue mixing for 12 minutes, for a total mixing time of 20 minutes. After achieving the required uniformity, package and store. Feeding trials showed that high doses of essential amino acids can accelerate protein deposition in the body. The average daily weight gain of the experimental calves was 10.3% higher than that of the inorganic selenium control group, the overall fattening period was shortened by 7 days, the selenium content of the beef remained stable at 0.49 mg / kg, and the lean meat percentage was significantly improved.

[0032] Example 4;

[0033] Weigh out 590 kg of corn, 160 kg of soybean meal, 82 kg of wheat bran, 41 kg of premix, 3.8 kg of selenium-enriched yeast (1000 mg / kg selenium content), 11 kg of light calcium carbonate, 8.5 kg of dicalcium phosphate, 5.5 kg of salt, 9.8 kg of baking soda, 1.2 kg of lysine, and 0.8 kg of methionine. After removing impurities, grind the raw materials to 50 mesh. Thoroughly mix the baking soda and wheat bran beforehand to avoid excessive alkalinity that could destroy the vitamin activity in the premix. In a mixer, first add the remaining main ingredients, mineral salts, and amino acids and mix for 6 minutes. Then add the premix and selenium-enriched yeast and mix for 12 minutes, for a total mixing time of 18 minutes. Seal and store. A breeding trial was conducted using a high-concentrate feeding model. Throughout the trial, the rumen pH remained stable between 6.2 and 6.8, with no gastrointestinal symptoms such as acidosis or diarrhea. The overall morbidity rate of beef cattle decreased by 45%, and the selenium content in beef was 0.41 mg / kg, balancing the needs of livestock health and selenium production.

[0034] Example 5;

[0035] Weigh out 530 kg of corn, 200 kg of soybean meal, 95 kg of wheat bran, 40 kg of premix, 4.2 kg of selenium-enriched yeast (1000 mg / kg selenium content), 14.8 kg of light calcium carbonate, 11.8 kg of dicalcium phosphate, 8.2 kg of salt, 7.5 kg of baking soda, 1.6 kg of lysine, and 0.9 kg of methionine. Grind the light calcium carbonate and dicalcium phosphate separately into ultrafine powder, then mix them with the corn, soybean meal, and wheat bran for 7 minutes. Add the salt, baking soda, and amino acids and mix well. Finally, add the premix and selenium-enriched yeast and mix for 10 minutes to complete the final product preparation. A feeding trial was conducted on young yellow cattle weighing approximately 300 kg transitioning to fattening. During the trial period, the incidence of hoof and limb diseases was zero, the skeletal structure was well-developed, the average slaughter weight was higher than the control group, and the selenium content in the beef was 0.45 mg / kg, making it suitable for feeding cattle in the transitional fattening stage.

[0036] Example 6;

[0037] Weigh out 560 kg of corn, 190 kg of soybean meal, 105 kg of wheat bran, 48 kg of vitamin E-fortified premix, 4 kg of selenium-enriched yeast (1000 mg / kg selenium content), 12.5 kg of light calcium carbonate, 10.5 kg of dicalcium phosphate, 7.8 kg of salt, 8 kg of baking soda, 1.8 kg of lysine, and 1.1 kg of methionine. The vitamin E content in the premix is ​​2.5 times that of conventional premixes. All mixing processes are completed in a light-proof and low-temperature environment. After the main ingredients are pulverized to 50 mesh, the initial mixing lasts 6 minutes. Then, the premix and selenium-enriched yeast are added, and mixing continues for 13 minutes. The finished product is sealed and stored in light-proof and moisture-proof packaging bags. Animal husbandry trials show that selenium and high-dose vitamin E form a synergistic antioxidant system, reducing drip loss in beef by 4.2%, extending refrigerated shelf life by 5 days, reducing browning in the meat, and resulting in a selenium content of 0.50 mg / kg, making it suitable for the production and breeding of high-end chilled selenium-enriched beef.

[0038] Example 7;

[0039] Weigh out 595 kg of corn, 155 kg of soybean meal, 115 kg of wheat bran, 40 kg of premix, 3.5 kg of selenium-enriched yeast (1000 mg / kg selenium content), 11.5 kg of light calcium carbonate, 9 kg of dicalcium phosphate, 6.5 kg of salt, 6.2 kg of baking soda, 1.1 kg of lysine, and 0.7 kg of methionine. Simplify the mixing process: after grinding the main ingredients to 40 mesh, perform a basic mixing for 5 minutes, then add the premix and selenium-enriched yeast and mix for a second time for 10 minutes before packaging. This reduces energy consumption and labor costs in production equipment. The raw material procurement cost of this formula is on average 8% lower than other examples. After a 90-day feeding trial, the selenium content of the beef was 0.35 mg / kg, meeting the standard for selenium-enriched meat. The average daily weight gain of the experimental cattle was 5.8% higher than that of ordinary commercial feed, with no digestive disorders or trace element deficiencies. It is suitable for batch use in small and medium-sized farms.

[0040] Example 8;

[0041] Weigh out 510 kg of corn, 225 kg of soybean meal, 88 kg of wheat bran, 49 kg of high-trace-element fortified premix, 4.8 kg of selenium-enriched yeast (1000 mg / kg selenium content), 13.5 kg of light calcium carbonate, 10.8 kg of dicalcium phosphate, 8.5 kg of salt, 8.6 kg of baking soda, 2.2 kg of lysine, and 1.2 kg of methionine. The amount of copper, iron, zinc, manganese, and cobalt trace elements added to this premix is ​​30% higher than that of conventional formulas. Mix the pulverized main ingredients, mineral salts, and amino acids for 8 minutes. Then, add the premix and selenium-enriched yeast in three stages, mixing continuously for 14 minutes, for a total mixing time of 22 minutes. After sampling and testing, if the coefficient of variation of the mixing uniformity is less than 3%, package and store. The results of high-density breeding trials showed that the incidence of respiratory and digestive diseases in the experimental cattle decreased by 52%, the body's immune level was significantly improved, the selenium content of the beef was 0.56 mg / kg, and the growth rate, meat quality and body health were all well-balanced and excellent, making it suitable for large-scale high-density beef cattle farms.

[0042] The raw material ratios of the above eight sets of embodiments all fall within the range defined in the claims. Each set is designed with differentiated formulations to address eight different pain points in aquaculture technology, namely, long-term safe feeding, high selenium enrichment, rapid weight gain and growth promotion, prevention and control of rumen acidosis, skeletal development of young cattle, preservation of fresh meat, low-cost breeding, and high-density disease prevention. Each set is equipped with a complete and repeatable preparation process and control breeding test data, which fully verify the synergistic effect between the organic selenium source, amino acids, buffers, and compound premix of the present invention. Compared with existing inorganic selenium feeds and general selenium-enriched ruminant feeds, it has outstanding technical effects.

[0043] It should be noted that, in order to simplify the description of the present invention and thus help to understand one or more embodiments of the invention, multiple features may sometimes be grouped into one embodiment, drawing or description thereof in the foregoing description of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0044] The embodiments of this application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other. This application is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of this application without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims, and all of these forms are within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A selenium-enriched concentrated feed for improving the quality and health of beef cattle, characterized in that: It consists of the following raw materials by weight percentage: The ingredients are: corn 50%–60%, soybean meal 15%–25%, wheat bran 8%–12%, premix 4%–5%, selenium-enriched yeast 0.3%–0.6%, light calcium carbonate 1.0%–1.5%, dicalcium phosphate 0.8%–1.2%, salt 0.5%–1.0%, baking soda 0.5%–1.0%, lysine 0.1%–0.3%, and methionine 0.05%–0.15%.

2. The selenium-enriched concentrated feed for improving the quality and health of beef cattle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The selenium content in the selenium-enriched yeast is 800–2000 mg / kg.

3. The selenium-enriched concentrated feed for improving the quality and health of beef cattle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The premix contains vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, copper, iron, zinc, manganese, iodine, and cobalt trace elements. The premix is ​​divided into three categories: conventional premix, high vitamin E fortified premix, and high trace element fortified premix. The amount of vitamin E added in the high vitamin E fortified premix is ​​2.5 times that in the conventional premix, and the amount of copper, iron, zinc, manganese, and cobalt added in the high trace element fortified premix is ​​increased by 30% compared with the conventional premix.

4. The selenium-enriched concentrated feed for improving the quality and health of beef cattle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fineness of feed grinding should be controlled between 40 and 60 mesh; light calcium carbonate and dicalcium phosphate can be ultra-finely ground separately.

5. A method for preparing a selenium-enriched concentrated feed for improving beef quality and health of young yellow cattle as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Wash, remove impurities, and dry the corn, soybean meal, and wheat bran; Step 2: Grind the pretreated corn, soybean meal, and wheat bran to 40-60 mesh, and separately ultrafine grind the light calcium carbonate and dicalcium phosphate as needed; Step 3: Add the crushed main ingredients, light calcium carbonate, dicalcium phosphate, salt, baking soda, lysine, and methionine into a mixer and mix for 5-8 minutes to obtain a primary mixture. Step 4: Add premix and selenium-enriched yeast to the primary mixture, continue mixing for 10-15 minutes, and take samples to test the coefficient of variation (CV) of the mixing uniformity (<5%). Step 5: Pack the well-mixed finished feed into a woven bag lined with a moisture-proof PE film, seal it, and store it in a cool, dry place away from light.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step three, lysine and methionine are pre-diluted with a small amount of wheat bran before being added to the mixer; baking soda is pre-mixed with wheat bran before being added to the primary mixer.

7. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step four, the selenium-enriched yeast is added to the mixer in two or three separate batches, with the total mixing time controlled between 12 and 22 minutes. When using premixed feed with high vitamin E fortification, all mixing processes are completed in a light-proof and low-temperature environment.

8. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, When the selenium-enriched yeast is a high-selenium yeast with a selenium content of 2000 mg / kg, it is added to the mixer in two stages, and the coefficient of variation of the mixing uniformity in the second mixing stage is controlled at CV < 3.5%.

9. The selenium-enriched concentrated feed for improving the quality and health of beef brisket according to claim 1, characterized in that, This feed is suitable for fattening calves weighing 300kg. It should be fed in combination with corn silage and other roughage for a period of 90 days.

10. The selenium-enriched concentrated feed for improving the quality and health of beef cattle according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the sodium bicarbonate content in the feed is 0.98%, it is suitable for long-term high-concentrate feeding patterns, which can stably maintain the rumen pH value of 6.2-6.8 in calves and prevent rumen acidosis.

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