Bed-chair integrated nursing device and nursing method thereof
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202611404854.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-09-10
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-16
AI Technical Summary
[0004]本发明要解决的技术问题是:为了解决现有护理装置难以根据不同患者的护理需求以动态调整护理区域从而提高护理装置护理效果的技术问题,本发明提供一种床椅一体式护理装置及其护理方法,通过对护理方式的改进,以根据患者的护理要求动态调整各个护理区域,从而能够提高患者的护理效果
1、本发明通过第一驱动件能够对第一护理件与第二护理件之间的位置进行调整,相比于现有各个护理区域无法调整的方式,该方式结构简单,便于操作,能够根据每个患者各自的护理需求以动态调整每个护理单元的尺寸(即护理件与第二护理件之间的相对位置),从而能够提高患者的护理效果;此外,通过对接部以使得护理部在卧床姿态与护理姿态进行切换时,支撑部始终相对护理床保持相对稳定,如此,以便于护理部姿态的切换。
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Figure CN122911751A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of nursing equipment technology, and in particular to a bed-chair integrated nursing device and its nursing method. Background Technology
[0002] As the population ages, the demand for daily care for disabled and semi-disabled people continues to grow. Consequently, the care of disabled and semi-disabled bedridden elderly has become an important social problem that my country will face for a long time. Therefore, we urgently need a bed-chair integrated care device and its care method.
[0003] Currently, most nursing aids for disabled and semi-disabled individuals are designed individually. Although they can achieve multi-position nursing care, the degree of collaboration and integration between the equipment components is low. It is difficult to dynamically adjust the various nursing areas of the nursing aids according to the nursing needs of different patients, which will affect the nursing effect of the nursing aids. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is that existing nursing devices are unable to dynamically adjust the nursing areas according to the different nursing needs of patients, thereby improving the nursing effect. This invention provides a bed-chair integrated nursing device and its nursing method. By improving the nursing method, the various nursing areas can be dynamically adjusted according to the patient's nursing requirements, thereby improving the patient's nursing effect.
[0005] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is: a bed-chair integrated nursing device, comprising: a support part, a nursing part, and two docking parts. The nursing part is detachably connected to the support part. The nursing part includes: multiple nursing units connected sequentially. Each nursing unit includes: a first nursing component and a second nursing component. The first nursing component and the second nursing component are connected by a first driving component. The first driving component is used to drive the first nursing component and the second nursing component to move closer to each other or further away from each other to dynamically adjust the size of the nursing unit. The two docking parts are respectively installed on both sides of the support part. The docking parts are used for docking operations during the posture switching process of the nursing part. Wherein: when the patient is in a bed-lying position, the nursing part is installed on the nursing bed; when the patient is in a nursing position, the nursing part is installed on the support part.
[0006] Therefore, the position between the first and second nursing units can be adjusted by the first driving component. Compared with the existing method where each nursing area cannot be adjusted, this method has a simple structure, is easy to operate, and can dynamically adjust the size of each nursing unit (i.e., the relative position between the nursing unit and the second nursing unit) according to the individual nursing needs of each patient, thereby improving the nursing effect. In addition, the docking part ensures that the support part remains relatively stable relative to the nursing bed when the nursing unit switches between the bedridden position and the nursing position, thus facilitating the switching of the nursing unit's position.
[0007] As a further improvement to the above technical solution: the second nursing component is inserted into the first nursing component and slidably connected to it; both the first and second nursing components have a "U" shaped cross-section; the first driving component is connected to the first nursing component, and its driving end is connected to the second nursing component. Thus, activating the first driving component drives the second nursing component to move relative to the first nursing component, thereby achieving adjustment of the nursing unit's size.
[0008] As a further improvement to the above technical solution: two adjacent nursing units are rotatably connected, with a drive unit installed on the first nursing unit, and the drive end of the drive unit connected to the second nursing unit; wherein: the drive unit is used to drive one nursing unit to rotate relative to the other nursing unit, so as to adjust the angle between the two adjacent nursing units. Thus, the angle between two adjacent nursing units can be adjusted by the drive unit to change the posture between the two adjacent nursing units, thereby switching between different nursing modes.
[0009] As a further improvement to the above technical solution: the driving unit includes a second driving component, a first gear, and a second gear. The second driving component is connected to the preceding nursing unit, and the driving end of the second driving component is connected to the first gear. The first gear and the second gear mesh. The first gear is connected to the preceding nursing unit, and the second gear is connected to the following nursing unit. Thus, activating the second driving component drives the first gear to rotate, which in turn drives the second gear to rotate. With the coordinated rotation of adjacent nursing units, the angle between adjacent nursing units can be adjusted.
[0010] As a further improvement to the above technical solution: the docking part includes a docking component and a first locking component. The docking component is rotatably connected to the support part, and the first locking component is installed on the docking component and threadedly connected to it. Therefore, when switching between a bedridden position and a nursing position, the docking component and the first locking component cooperate to fix the support part to the nursing bed, thus achieving relative stability between the support part and the nursing bed. Under normal circumstances, because the docking component is rotatably connected to the support part, the docking component and the first locking component hang naturally, and the docking part does not affect the use of the support part.
[0011] As a further improvement to the above technical solution: the support unit includes a support frame and a carrier frame, the carrier frame being inserted into the support frame and slidably connected to the support frame, a third driving component being installed between the support frame and the carrier frame, and the nursing unit being installed on the side of the carrier frame away from the support frame; wherein: the third driving component is used to drive the carrier frame to move relative to the support frame. Thus, the position of the carrier frame relative to the support frame can be adjusted by the third driving component, thereby achieving height adjustment of the carrier frame, facilitating the switching of the nursing unit between a bedridden position and a nursing position.
[0012] As a further improvement to the above technical solution, it also includes a connecting part, wherein the support part and the nursing part are detachably connected via the connecting part. The connecting part includes a connecting groove, a connecting block, and a second locking member. The connecting groove is located on the side of the support part near the nursing part, the connecting block is located on the side of the nursing part near the support part, and the second locking member passes through the connecting groove and the connecting block. Thus, the connecting part enables a detachable connection between the support part and the nursing part, ensuring that the nursing part remains relatively stable relative to the support part when installed on it, thereby ensuring the relative stability of the entire nursing device.
[0013] As a further improvement to the above technical solution, it also includes: a sponge pad, the sponge pad being located on the side of the nursing part away from the support part, and the sponge pad being detachably connected to the nursing part by a first Velcro and a second Velcro.
[0014] A nursing method for a bed-chair integrated nursing device includes the following steps: S1. Adjustment of nursing unit size: Activate the first drive component to allow the second nursing component to slide relative to the first nursing component, thereby adjusting the size of the nursing unit; S2. The patient is in a bed-lying position: the nursing unit is in a flat position and is installed on the nursing bed; S3. Patient in nursing position: First, the support part is connected to the nursing bed through the docking part, and then the nursing part is moved from the nursing bed to the support part to realize the patient's nursing work.
[0015] As a further improvement to the above technical solution: In S2, the size of each nursing unit is adjusted by the first driving member of each nursing unit; in S2, after the size of each nursing unit is adjusted, the sponge pad is installed on the nursing part by the first and second Velcro straps; in S3, the connecting block is first inserted into the connecting groove, and then the second locking member is inserted into the connecting groove and the connecting block to connect the nursing part with the support part; in S3, when the patient is in a nursing posture, the driving unit is activated to adjust the angle between two adjacent nursing units to realize the nursing operation for the patient.
[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The present invention enables the adjustment of the position between the first nursing component and the second nursing component through the first driving component. Compared with the existing method where the individual nursing areas cannot be adjusted, this method has a simple structure and is easy to operate. It can dynamically adjust the size of each nursing unit (i.e., the relative position between the nursing component and the second nursing component) according to the individual nursing needs of each patient, thereby improving the nursing effect. In addition, the docking part ensures that the support part remains relatively stable relative to the nursing bed when the nursing part switches between the bedridden position and the nursing position, thus facilitating the switching of the nursing part's position.
[0017] 2. The present invention can adjust the angle between two adjacent nursing units through the driving unit to change the posture between the two adjacent nursing units, thereby switching between different nursing modes.
[0018] 3. When switching between a bedridden position and a nursing position, the present invention uses the cooperation of the docking part and the first locking part to fix the support part on the nursing bed, thus achieving relative stability between the support part and the nursing bed. Under normal circumstances, since the docking part and the support part are rotatably connected, the docking part and the first locking part hang down naturally, and the docking part will not affect the use of the support part.
[0019] 4. The present invention can adjust the position of the support frame relative to the support frame through the third driving component, thereby realizing the adjustment of the height of the support frame, so as to facilitate the switching of the nursing staff between the bedridden position and the nursing position. Attached Figure Description
[0020] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the integrated bed and chair nursing device of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a left view of the integrated bed and chair nursing device of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation of the support part, nursing unit, docking part, and connecting part of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the first nursing component, the second nursing component, and the drive unit of the present invention. Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the nursing method of the bed-chair integrated nursing device of the present invention.
[0022] In the diagram: 1. Support section; 101. Support frame; 102. Bearing frame; 103. Third drive component; 2. Nursing Department; 201. Nursing unit; 202. First nursing component; 203. Second nursing component; 204. First drive component; 205. Drive unit; 206. Second drive component; 207. First gear; 208. Second gear; 3. Connecting part; 301. Connecting part; 302. First locking part; 4. Connecting parts; 401. Connecting groove; 402. Connecting block; 403. Second locking element; 5. Sponge pad. Detailed Implementation
[0023] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings are simplified schematic diagrams, illustrating only the basic structure of the invention, and therefore only show the components relevant to the invention.
[0024] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships, are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, features defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.
[0025] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.
[0026] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, a bed-chair integrated nursing device includes: a support part 1, a nursing part 2, and two docking parts 3. The nursing part 2 is detachably connected to the support part 1. The nursing part 2 includes: multiple nursing units 201, which are connected sequentially. Each nursing unit 201 includes: a first nursing component 202 and a second nursing component 203. The first nursing component 202 and the second nursing component 203 are connected by a first driving component 204. The first driving component 204 is used to drive the first nursing component 202 and the second nursing component 203 to move closer to each other or further away from each other, so as to dynamically adjust the size of the nursing unit 201. The two docking parts 3 are respectively installed on both sides of the support part 1. The docking parts 3 are used for docking operations during the posture switching process of the nursing part 2. Wherein: when the patient is in a bed-lying position, the nursing part 2 is installed on the nursing bed (not shown in the figure); when the patient is in a nursing position, the nursing part 2 is installed on the support part 1. Therefore, the position between the first nursing unit 202 and the second nursing unit 203 can be adjusted by the first driving component 204. Compared with the existing method where each nursing area cannot be adjusted, this method has a simple structure and is easy to operate. It can dynamically adjust the size of each nursing unit 201 (i.e., the relative position between the nursing unit and the second nursing unit 203) according to the individual nursing needs of each patient, thereby improving the nursing effect. In addition, the docking part 3 ensures that the support part 1 remains relatively stable relative to the nursing bed when the nursing part 2 switches between the bed rest position and the nursing position, thus facilitating the switching of the nursing part 2's position.
[0027] It should be noted that the integrated bed and chair nursing device means that the nursing unit 2 has two modes: when in a bed position, the nursing unit 2 is part of the bed, and when in a nursing position, the nursing unit 2 is part of the chair. Thus, the nursing unit 2 can have two modes.
[0028] It should be noted that multiple nursing units 201 are used to support the patient's back, hips, calves, and feet, respectively.
[0029] In this embodiment, the support unit 1 includes a support frame 101 and a carrier frame 102. The carrier frame 102 is inserted into the support frame 101 and slidably connected to it. A third driving member 103 is installed between the support frame 101 and the carrier frame 102. The nursing unit 2 is installed on the side of the carrier frame 102 away from the support frame 101. The third driving member 103 is used to drive the carrier frame 102 to move relative to the support frame 101. Thus, the position of the carrier frame 102 relative to the support frame can be adjusted by the third driving member 103, thereby adjusting the height of the carrier frame 102 to facilitate switching between a bedridden position and a nursing position for the nursing unit 2.
[0030] Specifically, by activating the third drive component 103, the support frame 102 can be moved, thereby adjusting the position of the support frame 102 relative to the support frame 101.
[0031] For example, the third drive component 103 uses a cylinder.
[0032] In this embodiment, the second nursing component 203 is inserted into the first nursing component 202 and slidably connected to it. Both the first and second nursing components 202 and 203 have a cross-sectional shape resembling the letter "U". The first driving component 204 is connected to the first nursing component 202, and its driving end is connected to the second nursing component 203. Two adjacent nursing units 201 are rotatably connected. A driving unit 205 is mounted on the preceding nursing unit 201, and its driving end is connected to the following nursing unit 201. The driving unit 205 includes: a second... The system includes a drive unit 206, a first gear 207, and a second gear 208. The second drive unit 206 is connected to the previous nursing unit 201, and the drive end of the second drive unit 206 is connected to the first gear 207. The first gear 207 meshes with the second gear 208. The first gear 207 is connected to the previous nursing unit 201, and the second gear 208 is connected to the next nursing unit 201. The drive unit 205 is used to drive one nursing unit 201 to rotate relative to another nursing unit 201 to adjust the included angle between two adjacent nursing units 201. Therefore, the first driving component 204 is activated, which drives the second nursing component 203 to move relative to the first nursing component 202, thereby adjusting the size of the nursing unit 201. The driving unit 205 can adjust the angle between two adjacent nursing units 201 to change the posture between the two adjacent nursing units 201, thereby switching between different nursing modes. The second driving component 206 is activated, which drives the first gear 207 to rotate, thereby driving the second gear 208 to rotate. With the cooperation of the rotational connection between the two adjacent nursing units 201, the angle between the two adjacent nursing units 201 can be adjusted.
[0033] Specifically, such as Figure 4 As shown, the second nursing component 203 of the previous nursing unit 201 is rotatably connected to the first nursing component 202 of the next nursing unit 201; the second driving component 206 is connected to the second nursing component 203 of the previous nursing unit 201, the first gear 207 is connected to the second nursing component 203 of the previous nursing unit 201, and the second gear 208 is connected to the first nursing component 202 of the next nursing unit 201.
[0034] For example, the first driving component 204 is a cylinder, and the second driving component 206 is an electric motor.
[0035] In this embodiment, the docking part 3 includes a docking member 301 and a first locking member 302. The docking member 301 is rotatably connected to the support part 1, and the first locking member 302 is mounted on the docking member 301 and threadedly connected to it. Thus, when switching between a bedridden position and a nursing position, the docking member 301 and the first locking member 302 cooperate to fix the support part 1 to the nursing bed, thereby ensuring relative stability between the support part 1 and the nursing bed. Under normal circumstances, since the docking member 301 is rotatably connected to the support part 1, the docking member 301 and the first locking member 302 hang naturally, and the docking part 3 does not affect the use of the support part 1.
[0036] Specifically, the docking component 301 is rotatably connected to the support frame 102.
[0037] For example, the first locking element 302 uses a bolt.
[0038] In this embodiment, a connecting part 4 is also included. The support part 1 and the nursing part 2 are detachably connected via the connecting part 4. The connecting part 4 includes a connecting groove 401, a connecting block 402, and a second locking member 403. The connecting groove 401 is located on the side of the support part 1 near the nursing part 2, and the connecting block 402 is located on the side of the nursing part 2 near the support part 1. The second locking member 403 passes through the connecting groove 401 and the connecting block 402. Thus, the connecting part 4 enables a detachable connection between the support part 1 and the nursing part 2, ensuring that the nursing part 2 remains relatively stable relative to the support part 1 when installed on it, thereby ensuring the relative stability of the entire nursing device.
[0039] Specifically, there are four connecting parts 4, which are located at the four corners of the support frame 102.
[0040] Specifically, the connecting groove 401 is opened on the side of the support frame 102 near the nursing part 2, and the connecting block 402 is set on the side of the first nursing part 202 and the second nursing part 203 near the support part 1.
[0041] For example, the second locking element 403 is a combination of nut and bolt.
[0042] In this embodiment, it also includes a sponge pad 5, which is located on the side of the nursing part 2 away from the support part 1, and the sponge pad 5 is detachably connected to the nursing part 2 by a first Velcro (not shown in the figure) and a second Velcro (not shown in the figure).
[0043] like Figure 5 As shown, a nursing method for a bed-chair integrated nursing device includes the following steps: S1. Adjustment of the size of nursing unit 201: Activate the first drive component 204 so that the second nursing component 203 slides relative to the first nursing component 202 to adjust the size of nursing unit 201; S2. The patient is in a bed-lying position: Nursing section 2 is in a flat position and is installed on the nursing bed; S3. Patient in nursing position: First, the support part 1 is connected to the nursing bed through the docking part 3, and then the nursing part 2 is moved from the nursing bed to the support part 1 to realize the patient's nursing work.
[0044] In this embodiment, in S2, the size of each nursing unit 201 is adjusted by the first driving member 204 of each nursing unit 201; in S2, after the size of each nursing unit 201 is adjusted, the sponge pad 5 is installed on the nursing part 2 by the first and second Velcro straps; in S3, the connecting block 402 is first inserted into the connecting groove 401, and then the second locking member 403 is inserted into the connecting groove 401 and the connecting block 402, so that the nursing part 2 is connected to the support part 1; in S3, when the patient is in a nursing posture, the driving unit 205 is activated, and the angle between two adjacent nursing units 201 is adjusted by the driving unit 205 to realize the nursing operation for the patient.
[0045] In summary, the present invention, through the first driving component 204, can adjust the position between the first nursing component 202 and the second nursing component 203. Compared with the existing method where each nursing area cannot be adjusted, this method has a simple structure, is easy to operate, and can dynamically adjust the size of each nursing unit 201 (i.e., the relative position between the nursing component and the second nursing component 203) according to the individual nursing needs of each patient, thereby improving the nursing effect. In addition, through the docking part 3, the support part 1 always remains relatively stable relative to the nursing bed when the nursing part 2 switches between the bed resting position and the nursing position, thus facilitating the switching of the nursing part 2's position.
[0046] The above description is based on the preferred embodiments of the present invention. Through the above description, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the technical concept of the present invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the contents of the specification, but must be determined by the scope of the claims.
Claims
1. A bed-chair integrated care device, characterized in that, comprises: a support part (1), and a care part (2), wherein the care part (2) is detachably connected to the support part (1), and the care part (2) comprises: a plurality of care units (201), the plurality of care units (201) are connected in sequence, and each of the care units (201) comprises: a first care member (202) and a second care member (203), wherein the first care member (202) and the second care member (203) are connected by a first driving member (204), and the first driving member (204) is configured to drive the first care member (202) and the second care member (203) to move close to or away from each other, so as to dynamically adjust the size of the care unit (201); two docking parts (3), the two docking parts (3) are respectively mounted on both sides of the support part (1), and the docking parts (3) are used for docking operation during the posture switching process of the care part (2); wherein: when the patient is in a lying posture, the care part (2) is mounted on a care bed; when the patient is in a care posture, the care part (2) is mounted on the support part (1).
2. The integrated bed and chair care device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second care member (203) is inserted into the first care member (202) and is slidably connected with the first care member (202), and the cross-sectional shapes of the first care member (202) and the second care member (203) are both "U"-shaped; The first driving member (204) is connected to the first care member (202), and the driving end of the first driving member (204) is connected to the second care member (203).
3. The integrated bed and chair care device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Two adjacent care units (201) are rotatably connected, a driving unit (205) is mounted on the previous care unit (201), and the driving end of the driving unit (205) is connected to the subsequent care unit (201); wherein: the driving unit (205) is configured to drive one care unit (201) to rotate relative to another care unit (201), so as to adjust the included angle between two adjacent care units (201).
4. The integrated bed and chair care device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The driving unit (205) comprises: a second driving member (206), a first gear (207) and a second gear (208), wherein the second driving member (206) is connected to the previous care unit (201), the driving end of the second driving member (206) is connected to the first gear (207), the first gear (207) is meshed with the second gear (208), the first gear (207) is connected to the previous care unit (201), and the second gear (208) is connected to the subsequent care unit (201).
5. The integrated bed and chair care device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The docking part (3) comprises: a docking member (301) and a first locking member (302), wherein the docking member (301) is rotatably connected to the support part (1), and the first locking member (302) is mounted on the docking member (301) and is in threaded connection with the docking member (301).
6. The integrated bed and chair care device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support part (1) comprises: A support frame (101) and a carrier frame (102) are provided, wherein the carrier frame (102) is inserted into the support frame (101) and is slidably connected to the support frame (101), and a third drive member (103) is installed between the support frame (101) and the carrier frame (102), and the nursing part (2) is installed on the side of the carrier frame (102) away from the support frame (101); Wherein: the third driving member (103) is used to drive the carrier (102) to move relative to the support frame (101).
7. The integrated bed and chair care device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The connecting part (4) detachably connects the support part (1) and the nursing part (2), and the connecting part (4) includes: The connecting groove (401), the connecting block (402), and the second locking member (403) are provided. The connecting groove (401) is located on the side of the support part (1) near the nursing part (2). The connecting block (402) is located on the side of the nursing part (2) near the support part (1). The second locking member (403) passes through the connecting groove (401) and the connecting block (402).
8. The integrated bed and chair care device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A sponge pad (5) is located on the side of the nursing part (2) away from the support part (1), and the sponge pad (5) is detachably connected to the nursing part (2) by a first Velcro and a second Velcro.
9. A nursing method for a bed-chair integrated nursing device according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Adjustment of the size of the nursing unit (201): Activate the first drive (204) so that the second nursing unit (203) slides relative to the first nursing unit (202) to adjust the size of the nursing unit (201); S2. The patient is in a bedridden position: the nursing unit (2) is in a flat position and is installed on the nursing bed; S3. Patient in nursing position: First, the support part (1) is connected to the nursing bed through the docking part (3), and then the nursing part (2) is moved from the nursing bed to the support part (1) to realize the patient's nursing work.
10. The nursing method of the integrated bed-chair nursing device according to claim 9, characterized in that, In S2, the size of each of the nursing units (201) is adjusted by the first drive (204) of each of the nursing units (201); In S2, after the size of each nursing unit (201) is adjusted, the sponge pad (5) is installed on the nursing part (2) by means of the first and second Velcro straps; In S3, the connecting block (402) is first inserted into the connecting groove (401), and then the second locking member (403) is inserted into the connecting groove (401) and the connecting block (402) so that the nursing part (2) is connected to the support part (1); In S3, when the patient is in a nursing posture, the drive unit (205) is activated to adjust the angle between two adjacent nursing units (201) to perform nursing operations on the patient.