Photovoltaic module recycling apparatus and method

Abstract

The application discloses a photovoltaic module recycling equipment and a recycling method. The recycling equipment comprises a stripping device and a pyrolysis incineration device. The stripping device is used for removing a stripping layer of the photovoltaic module and obtaining a base layer. The stripping layer comprises a back plate of a single-glass photovoltaic module or one side glass of a double-glass photovoltaic module, and the base layer comprises a glue film, a cell piece and one side glass of the photovoltaic module. The stripping device comprises a back plate removing device and / or a glass removing device. The pyrolysis incineration device is used for performing pyrolysis treatment on the base layer of the photovoltaic module, removing the glue film and separating the cell piece from the glass. The application has the advantages of less process equipment, simple process, and the like. In addition, the same equipment can be used for stripping layer treatment of single / double-glass photovoltaic modules through module type identification and stripping device wheel space control. For the base layer with large size, high-temperature and low-oxygen flue gas is used as a heating medium and a blowing medium, so that four conditions of large air blowing, low-oxygen gas, sufficient heat and non-reduced temperature of the blowing gas amount can be met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of solid waste pyrolysis treatment technology, and in particular to a photovoltaic module recycling device and recycling method. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous expansion of global photovoltaic applications, large-scale photovoltaic modules are gradually reaching the end of their life cycle. The standardized and large-scale disposal of retired photovoltaic modules has become a core link in the green and sustainable development of the entire photovoltaic industry chain. The silicon-based materials, metal components, and glass contained in photovoltaic modules all possess extremely high resource recycling value. By using scientific recycling processes to disassemble and purify retired modules, it is possible to effectively supplement the raw material supply for upstream photovoltaic manufacturing, reduce the industry chain's dependence on primary mineral resources, and avoid the potential ecological and environmental risks that may arise from disposing of discarded photovoltaic modules as ordinary solid waste. This approach combines outstanding resource benefits with environmental protection attributes.

[0003] Currently, the industry has gradually formed a mainstream photovoltaic module recycling technology system centered on physical dismantling and pyrolysis. However, existing recycling technologies still have many unresolved universal technical pain points in terms of compatibility with different types of photovoltaic modules, pyrolysis treatment of large-size photovoltaic modules, and safety control of process operation. For example: 1. Existing photovoltaic module recycling equipment is generally only compatible with processing single-glass or double-glass modules, making it difficult to be compatible with two different photovoltaic module structures. When switching processing materials, the entire production line structure needs to be modified, resulting in extremely high adaptation costs. Some equipment attempts to be compatible with both single and double-glass modules, but these have problems such as a large number of process equipment, complex process operation, and high costs. Furthermore, they are prone to causing material mixing in the processing flow, affecting the purity of the subsequent recycled products. 2. For large-size photovoltaic (PV) module substrates, the PV modules are large in size, have high heat capacity, and low heating rates. In particular, the low thermal conductivity of the glass means that heat transfer from the glass surface to the interior takes a long time, resulting in significant energy consumption (millions of dollars annually) for pyrolysis. Furthermore, the large amount of pyrolysis gas generated during the thermal decomposition of the encapsulant film easily accumulates on the surface of large PV modules, forming a "gas blanket." This accumulated pyrolysis gas increases the partial pressure of the products on the material surface, inhibiting further decomposition of organic matter such as the encapsulant film and prolonging the pyrolysis time. Simultaneously, the pyrolysis gas polymerizes to form heavy tar and carbon black that adhere to the material surface, significantly increasing the difficulty of subsequent separation and purification. Introducing ambient temperature air into the pyrolysis furnace to prevent the formation of the "gas blanket" would lower the pyrolysis temperature, and the air would also disrupt the oxygen-free or low-oxygen pyrolysis environment. Introducing high-temperature nitrogen would increase nitrogen costs and nitrogen heating costs. Moreover, for large pyrolysis furnaces (such as tunnel-type continuous conveyor pyrolysis furnaces), the pyrolysis state, temperature, and air blowing volume requirements vary significantly in different areas.

[0004] The aforementioned technological shortcomings prevalent in the industry have become the core obstacles hindering cost reduction, efficiency improvement, and large-scale commercialization of the photovoltaic module recycling industry. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop photovoltaic module recycling equipment and corresponding processes that offer greater compatibility, higher processing efficiency, and more reliable operation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a photovoltaic module recycling device and recycling method to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology.

[0006] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution: A first aspect of this application provides a photovoltaic module recycling device, including a stripping device and a pyrolysis incineration device; The stripping device removes the stripping layer of the photovoltaic module and obtains the base layer; the stripping layer includes the backsheet of a single-glass photovoltaic module or one side of a double-glass photovoltaic module, and the base layer includes the encapsulant film, solar cells and one side of the glass of the photovoltaic module; The peeling device includes a backplate removal device and / or a glass removal device; The photovoltaic module's base layer is pyrolyzed using the pyrolysis incineration device to remove the adhesive film, thereby separating the solar cells from the glass.

[0007] In some embodiments, when the device is used for processing single-glass photovoltaic modules, the stripping layer is the backsheet of the photovoltaic module, and the stripping device is the backsheet removal device. When the equipment is used for processing double-glass photovoltaic modules, the stripping layer is the upper or lower glass of the photovoltaic module, and the stripping device is the glass removal device. When the equipment is compatible with processing single and double glass photovoltaic modules, the stripping layer is the back sheet or one side of the glass of the photovoltaic module, and the stripping device includes the back sheet removal device and the glass removal device.

[0008] In some embodiments, in a device compatible with single and double glass photovoltaic modules, when the object to be processed is a single glass photovoltaic module, the glass removal device is idle and does not work, only serving a transmission function, while the backsheet removal device works to remove the backsheet of the photovoltaic module, and the remaining part is the base layer; When the object to be processed is a double-glass photovoltaic module, the backsheet removal device is idle and does not work, only serving a transport function, while the glass removal device works to remove the upper or lower glass of the photovoltaic module, and the remaining part is the base layer.

[0009] In some embodiments, the backplate removal device includes a first conveying unit and a backplate removal mechanism disposed on the first conveying unit; The backsheet removal mechanism includes multiple pressure rollers, and a backsheet removal roller cutter and a brush sweeping roller group arranged sequentially between the pressure rollers along the conveying direction. The backsheet removal roller cutter is used to remove the backsheet of the photovoltaic module, and the brush sweeping roller group is used to remove backsheet debris to obtain the base layer.

[0010] In some embodiments, the backplate removal roller includes a roller body and cutting teeth arranged spirally at intervals along the roller body, each of the cutting teeth being detachably fixed to the roller body.

[0011] In some embodiments, the backsheet removal device further includes a pressing module disposed in front of the backsheet removal roller, the pressing module including a support block disposed in the first conveying unit and a pressing tail unit disposed above the support block, wherein the tail tip of the pressing tail unit is close to the backsheet removal roller, and the formed limiting force is used to counteract the stress caused by deformation or displacement of the backsheet of the photovoltaic module by the backsheet removal roller during operation.

[0012] Preferably, the tail pressing unit includes a plurality of pressing members arranged side by side, each pressing member having a tail tip extending toward the bottom of the backplate removal roller, the pressing member being able to adaptively swing to adjust its tail tip in conjunction with the support block to apply a restraining force to the photovoltaic module.

[0013] In some embodiments, the first conveying unit includes multiple transmission rollers, and the pressure roller cooperates with the corresponding transmission roller to form vertically aligned support points, and only the pressure roller located between the backplate removal roller and the brush sweeping roller group is an elastic pressure roller.

[0014] In some embodiments, the glass removal apparatus includes a heating furnace and a glass removal mechanism; The heating furnace is used to heat the laminates of the photovoltaic module; The glass removal mechanism includes a second conveying unit and a crushing roller and a crushing tooth assembly arranged front and rear on the second conveying unit. The crushing roller is used to pre-crush the glass of the photovoltaic module and guide it to the crushing tooth assembly. The crushing tooth assembly is used to completely remove the pre-crushed glass to obtain the base layer.

[0015] In some embodiments, the crushing roller is provided with multiple rings of crushing teeth at axial intervals, and the extension directions of adjacent crushing teeth are opposite. The force exerted by the crushing roller on the glass in the left-right direction cancels out the cutting force exerted by the crushing teeth on the glass in the left-right direction.

[0016] In some embodiments, a pressure plate disposed between the crushing roller and the crushing tooth assembly is further included, wherein the pressure plate and the second conveying unit form a material passage for guiding and pressing.

[0017] In some embodiments, the device further includes tooth grooves disposed on the edges of each tooth of the crushing tooth assembly, wherein the tooth grooves and the corresponding teeth form a guide channel for discharging broken glass, and the guide channel is connected to the negative pressure pipe.

[0018] In some embodiments, the pyrolysis incineration apparatus includes: a pyrolysis furnace, an incinerator, and a flue gas supply mechanism; The pyrolysis furnace is used to pyrolyze the substrate in an oxygen-free or low-oxygen atmosphere and generate pyrolysis gas. The pyrolysis gas is transported to the incinerator through a pipeline, where it undergoes aerobic combustion to produce hot flue gas. The flue gas supply mechanism acquires and processes the hot flue gas to form the supplied flue gas; the supplied flue gas is heated and purged to the base layer through the purging section of the flue gas supply mechanism located in the pyrolysis furnace, providing the base layer with the heat required for pyrolysis and preventing the accumulation of pyrolysis gas on the surface of the base layer.

[0019] In some embodiments, the pyrolysis furnace includes: a tunnel-type continuous conveying pyrolysis furnace and a box-type intermittent pyrolysis furnace.

[0020] In some embodiments, the temperature of the supplied flue gas is 400-750°C and the oxygen content is <20%; the supplied flue gas is obtained by cooling the hot flue gas, or the supplied flue gas is formed by mixing the hot flue gas with an external gas, or the supplied flue gas is formed by mixing the hot flue gas with cold flue gas obtained from the flue gas discharge path.

[0021] In some embodiments, the flue gas supply mechanism obtains the hot flue gas from the incinerator or the flue gas discharge path, and the temperature of the hot flue gas is ≥600°C.

[0022] In some embodiments, there are multiple purging units, which are disposed in different areas of the pyrolysis furnace and independently introduce the supplied flue gas into the pyrolysis furnace.

[0023] In some embodiments, a plurality of the purging sections are spaced apart along the width direction of the pyrolysis furnace, wherein the temperature of the flue gas blown out by the purging section at the feed end of the pyrolysis furnace is higher than that of the purging section at the middle part, and the temperature of the flue gas blown out by the purging section at the middle part is higher than that of the purging section at the discharge end; the flow rate of the flue gas blown out by the purging section at the middle part of the pyrolysis furnace is higher than that of the purging sections at the feed end and the discharge end.

[0024] Preferably, the temperature and flow rate of the flue gas blown out by the purging section at different positions of the pyrolysis furnace correspond to the heating state and gas production state of the base layer during the continuous pyrolysis process. Specifically, they correspond to the TG curve and DTG curve of the base layer during the continuous pyrolysis process.

[0025] In some embodiments, pyrolysis gas from the middle of the pyrolysis furnace is extracted through a first extraction channel and directly transported to the incinerator; gas from the feed end and discharge end of the pyrolysis furnace is extracted through a second extraction channel and transported to the combustion gas inlet of the incinerator; the first extraction channel and the second extraction channel are independent of each other.

[0026] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module recycling equipment further includes at least one of junction box removal equipment, frame removal equipment, and silver extraction equipment.

[0027] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module recycling equipment further includes at least one of a feeding device, a module cleaning device, a module testing device, and a laminate de-adhesive device.

[0028] A second aspect of this application provides a method for recycling photovoltaic modules, comprising the following steps: Peel off the release layer of the photovoltaic module to obtain the base layer; wherein the release layer includes the backsheet of a single-glass photovoltaic module or one side of a double-glass photovoltaic module, and the base layer includes the encapsulant film, solar cells and one side of the glass of the photovoltaic module; The base layer of the photovoltaic module is subjected to pyrolysis treatment to remove the encapsulant film, thereby separating the solar cells from the glass and generating pyrolysis gas. The pyrolysis gas is transported to the incinerator through pipelines. The pyrolysis gas undergoes aerobic combustion in the incinerator to produce hot flue gas. The hot flue gas is then collected and processed to form the flue gas to be supplied. The supplied flue gas is used to heat and purge the base layer, providing the heat required for pyrolysis and preventing pyrolysis gas from accumulating on the surface of the base layer.

[0029] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module has its stripping layer removed by a stripping device, which includes a backsheet removal device and a glass removal device. In the process of processing single-glass photovoltaic modules, the glass removal device is idle and only serves a transmission function, while the backsheet removal device works to remove the backsheet of the photovoltaic module to obtain the base layer. In the process of processing double-glass photovoltaic modules, the backsheet removal device is idle and only serves a transmission function, while the glass removal device works to remove the upper or lower glass of the photovoltaic module to obtain the base layer.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention include at least the following: 1. After removing the backsheet or one side of the glass from single / double-glass photovoltaic modules, only the substrate remains. The encapsulant film is then removed directly through a pyrolysis incineration device, separating the glass and solar cells. This facilitates subsequent glass and silver recycling. Furthermore, the process requires fewer pieces of equipment and is simpler, effectively reducing processing costs. Additionally, module type identification and on-call / off-call control of the stripping device allow the same equipment to be compatible with both single and double-glass photovoltaic module stripping layer processing.

[0031] 2. This application targets the direct pyrolysis of large-sized substrates, employing high-temperature, low-oxygen flue gas as both the heating and purging medium. This simultaneously satisfies four conditions: high-volume purging, low-oxygen gas, sufficient heat, and no temperature reduction due to the volume of purging gas. Furthermore, the flue gas purging the substrate can remove accumulated pyrolysis gas from the surface, disrupting the formation path of the "gas blanket," significantly enhancing the efficiency of heat transfer to the substrate surface, and substantially improving the overall pyrolysis efficiency.

[0032] 3. The flue gas supplied to the purging section is independently controlled by zone, matching the heating and gas production states of different pyrolysis stages or different areas of the pyrolysis furnace. This ensures that the temperature and flow rate of the flue gas supplied to the purging section at different locations in the pyrolysis furnace correspond to the TG and DTG curves of the base layer during the continuous pyrolysis process, thereby significantly improving the controllability and processing efficiency of the pyrolysis process.

[0033] 4. By using two completely independent paths to transport gases from different areas of the pyrolysis furnace, the safety hazard of high-concentration pyrolysis gas mixing with oxygen-containing air in the transport pipeline to form an explosive premixed gas is fundamentally eliminated, significantly improving the long-term operational stability of the entire system. For regenerative pyrolysis furnaces, the pyrolysis gas is directly transported to the incinerator, which also avoids the tar from the pyrolysis gas clogging the incinerator's heat storage medium.

[0034] 5. The backsheet removal device's backsheet removal roller can cut the backsheet of the photovoltaic module. In conjunction with the brush and sweeping roller group, it removes debris to obtain the base layer. During the cutting process, the tail pressing unit can form a restraining force to counteract the stress caused by the backsheet removal roller to deform or shift the backsheet of the photovoltaic module, thereby providing better auxiliary cutting conditions and improving the backsheet removal effect.

[0035] 6. The crushing roller of the glass removal device can transport and pre-crush the glass of the photovoltaic module, and then the crushing tooth group further crushes it to obtain the base layer. During the crushing process, the force exerted by the crushing roller on the glass in the left and right direction cancels out the cutting force exerted by the crushing tooth group on the glass in the left and right direction, thereby reducing the probability of photovoltaic module displacement and improving the glass removal effect. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a photovoltaic module recycling equipment used for processing single-glass photovoltaic modules.

[0037] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of a photovoltaic module recycling equipment used for processing double-glass photovoltaic modules.

[0038] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of a photovoltaic module recycling equipment compatible with both single and double glass photovoltaic modules.

[0039] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the backplate removal device in an unloaded state.

[0040] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the backplate removal device in operation.

[0041] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the backplate removal roller and pressing module in the backplate removal device.

[0042] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a glass removal device.

[0043] Figure 8 This is a top view of the glass removal device.

[0044] Figure 9 This is a partial structural diagram of a pyrolysis incineration device.

[0045] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a pyrolysis incineration device.

[0046] Figure 11 This is another schematic diagram of a pyrolysis incineration device.

[0047] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the photovoltaic module recycling equipment after the additional equipment is installed.

[0048] In the picture: 1. Stripping device; 11. Backplate removal device; 111. First conveying unit; 112. Pressure roller; 113. Backplate removal roller cutter; 1131. Roller cutter body; 1132. Cutting teeth; 114. Brushing roller assembly; 115. Pressing module; 1151. Support block; 1152. Pressing tail unit; 11521. Pressing component; 116. First lifting module; 12. Glass removal device; 121. Heating furnace; 122. Second conveying unit; 123. Crushing roller; 1231. Crushing teeth; 124. Crushing tooth assembly; 125. Pressure plate; 126. Tooth groove; 127. Material guide channel; 128. Second lifting module; 2. Pyrolysis incineration device; 21. Pyrolysis furnace; 211. First exhaust channel; 212. Second exhaust channel; 22. Incinerator; 23. Flue gas supply mechanism; 231. Hot flue gas pipeline; 232. Cold flue gas pipeline; 233. Purging unit.

[0049] 3. Disassembly of junction box equipment; 4. Equipment for removing frame edges; 5. Feeding equipment; 6. Component cleaning equipment; 7. Component testing equipment; 8. Equipment for removing adhesive from laminated parts. Detailed Implementation

[0050] Exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, they are provided to make the invention more comprehensive and complete, and to fully convey the concept of the exemplary embodiments to those skilled in the art. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar structures, and therefore repeated descriptions of them will be omitted.

[0051] The terms used to express position and direction in this invention are illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings, but changes can be made as needed, and all such changes are included within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0052] As background, photovoltaic modules in this article can be divided into single-glass photovoltaic modules and double-glass photovoltaic modules. Single-glass photovoltaic modules mainly consist of, from top to bottom, stacked glass layers, encapsulant layers, cell layers, encapsulant layers, and a backsheet; additionally, they include an aluminum frame fixing the sides and a junction box at the bottom of the backsheet. The recycling process generally involves removing the junction box first, then the aluminum frame. What remains after removing the aluminum frame is called the laminate. For the laminate, the encapsulant film left by the aluminum frame can be removed first, resulting in the release layer and base layer described in this article. Double-glass photovoltaic modules follow a similar process, the difference being that double-glass modules mainly consist of, from top to bottom, an upper glass layer, an upper encapsulant layer, a cell layer, a lower encapsulant layer, and a lower glass layer.

[0053] The term "pyrolysis" as used in this article can be understood as a process in which heat is introduced into the material to be pyrolyzed under an oxygen-free, low-oxygen, or other controlled atmosphere, causing at least some of the pyrolytic components in the material to undergo cracking, volatile matter removal, and / or structural transformation, releasing pyrolysis gas. The material to be pyrolyzed can be a solid material, plate-like material, layered composite material, or other composite material containing pyrolytic organic components. For example, the material to be pyrolyzed can be waste photovoltaic modules. After pyrolysis, the organic components such as the encapsulating film in the waste photovoltaic modules can facilitate the subsequent separation of components such as glass, solar cells, and solder ribbons. The material to be pyrolyzed can also be electronic and electrical composite waste with large planar dimensions or other materials that require the removal of organic components, material separation, or recovery of pyrolysis products through pyrolysis.

[0054] In a first aspect, this application provides a photovoltaic module recycling device, comprising a stripping device 1 and a pyrolysis incineration device 2 arranged sequentially.

[0055] The stripping device 1 includes a backsheet removal device 11 and / or a glass removal device 12. The stripping layer includes the backsheet of a single-glass photovoltaic module or one side of the glass of a double-glass photovoltaic module. The device removes the stripping layer of the photovoltaic module using the stripping device 1 to obtain the base layer, which includes the encapsulant film, solar cells, and one side of the glass. The obtained base layer is then transferred to a pyrolysis incineration device 2, where the base layer of the photovoltaic module is pyrolyzed to remove the encapsulant film, thereby separating the solar cells and glass and achieving the function of classifying and recycling different materials.

[0056] It is understood that after removing the backsheet of a single-glass photovoltaic module or one side of a double-glass photovoltaic module, the remaining components constitute the base layer. The base layer is directly pyrolyzed to remove the encapsulant layer, thereby separating the glass from the solar cells, facilitating subsequent glass and silver recycling. The production line has a small number of process equipment, offering advantages such as simple process and low cost.

[0057] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, when this equipment is used for processing single-glass photovoltaic modules, the peeling layer is the backsheet of the photovoltaic module, the peeling device 1 is the backsheet removal device 11. After removing the backsheet of the photovoltaic module, the peeling device 1 obtains the base layer, and sends the base layer to the pyrolysis incineration device 2 for pyrolysis treatment to remove the encapsulant film, thereby separating the solar cells from the glass.

[0058] Or, such as Figure 2 As shown, when this equipment is used for processing double-glass photovoltaic modules, the stripping layer is the upper or lower glass of the photovoltaic module, the stripping device 1 is a glass removal device 12, the stripping device 1 obtains the base layer after removing the back sheet of the photovoltaic module, and sends the base layer to the pyrolysis incineration device 2 for pyrolysis treatment to remove the encapsulant film, thereby separating the battery cells from the glass.

[0059] Or, as Figure 3As shown, when this equipment is compatible with processing single- and double-glass photovoltaic modules, the stripping layer is the backsheet or one side of the glass of the photovoltaic module. The stripping device 1 includes a backsheet removal device 11 and a glass removal device 12. More specifically, when the object to be processed is a single-glass photovoltaic module, the glass removal device 12 is idle and only serves a transport function, while the backsheet removal device 11 operates to remove the backsheet of the photovoltaic module. The remaining part is the base layer, which is sent to the pyrolysis incineration device 2 for pyrolysis treatment to remove the encapsulant film, thus separating the solar cells from the glass. When the object to be processed is a double-glass photovoltaic module, the backsheet removal device 11 is idle and only serves a transport function, while the glass removal device 12 operates to remove the upper or lower glass of the photovoltaic module. The remaining part is the base layer, which is sent to the pyrolysis incineration device 2 for pyrolysis treatment to remove the encapsulant film, thus separating the solar cells from the glass. In this example, the stripping device 1 can control the backsheet removal device 11 or the glass removal device 12 to operate alternately by identifying the module type, thus enabling the same equipment to be compatible with both single-glass and double-glass photovoltaic modules.

[0060] refer to Figures 4 to 6 As shown, in some embodiments, the backsheet removal device 11 includes a first conveying unit 111 and a backsheet removal mechanism disposed on the first conveying unit 111. The first conveying unit 111 includes multiple spaced-apart transmission rollers; the backsheet removal mechanism includes multiple pressure rollers 112, and backsheet removal roller cutters 113 and brush roller groups 114 sequentially disposed between the pressure rollers 112 along the conveying direction. During operation, the first lifting module 116 lowers the backsheet removal mechanism closer to the first conveying unit 111. The pressure rollers 112, in conjunction with the transmission rollers, convey the photovoltaic module from front to back. During this process, the backsheet removal roller cutters 113 are used to remove the backsheet of the photovoltaic module, and the brush roller group 114 is used to remove backsheet debris, thereby obtaining the base layer.

[0061] Preferably, such as Figure 6 As shown, the backplate removal roller cutter 113 includes a roller cutter body 1131 and cutting teeth 1132 arranged spirally at intervals along the roller cutter body 1131. Each cutting tooth 1132 is detachably fixed to the roller cutter body 1131. This allows individual cutting teeth 1132 to be disassembled and replaced independently when they chip or wear, without having to scrap the entire backplate removal roller cutter 113, thus reducing the investment in tool consumables. In addition, cutting teeth 1132 with different tooth shapes and materials can be matched according to different processing requirements, thereby quickly responding to various backplate processing conditions.

[0062] Preferably, the brush roller assembly 114 consists of at least two roller brushes, and the rotation directions of the two adjacent roller brushes are opposite. By brushing in different directions, the residual material on the back plate is reduced and the cleaning effect is improved.

[0063] Preferably, the pressure roller 112 cooperates with the corresponding transmission roller to form vertically aligned support points, ensuring uniform force on the upper and lower surfaces of the photovoltaic module and reducing the possibility of deformation during transmission. Furthermore, only the pressure roller 112 located between the backsheet removal roller 113 and the brush roller assembly 114 is an elastic pressure roller 112. This roller can float vertically, ensuring stable transmission of the substrate while preventing the compaction of backsheet debris, thus facilitating the subsequent removal of backsheet debris by the brush roller assembly 114.

[0064] Furthermore, such as Figure 6 As shown, the backplate removal device 11 also includes a pressing module 115, which can be integrated into the backplate removal mechanism, specifically located on the front side of the backplate removal roller cutter 113. The pressing module 115 includes a support block 1151 disposed in the first conveying unit 111 and a pressing tail unit 1152 disposed above the support block 1151. As an example, the support block 1151 can be fixed between adjacent conveying rollers, and its top is provided with a receiving ramp and a support surface extending horizontally from the receiving ramp in sequence along the conveying direction, and the support surface is flush with the conveying surface formed by the conveying rollers. The tail pressing unit 1152 includes multiple pressing members 11521 arranged side by side. Each pressing member 11521 has a tail tip that extends toward and is adjacent to the bottom of the backsheet removal roller 113. The pressing member 11521 can adaptively swing around its axis to adjust its tail tip to cooperate with the support surface of the support block 1151 to apply a restrictive force to different photovoltaic modules. By forming a restrictive force, the stress caused by deformation or displacement of the backsheet of the photovoltaic module by the backsheet removal roller 113 during operation is offset, thereby providing better auxiliary cutting conditions and improving the backsheet removal effect.

[0065] refer to Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, in some embodiments, the glass removal device 12 includes a heating furnace 121 and a glass removal mechanism arranged sequentially. The heating furnace 121 heats the laminate of the photovoltaic module (the laminate layer after removing the junction box and aluminum frame) to soften the corresponding adhesive film layer, facilitating subsequent glass peeling. The glass removal mechanism includes a second conveying unit 122 (e.g., a conveyor belt), and a crushing roller 123 and a crushing tooth assembly 124 arranged along the conveying direction on the second conveying unit 122. During operation, the crushing roller 123, in conjunction with the conveyor belt, conveys the photovoltaic module forward. During this process, the crushing roller 123 pre-crushes the glass. When the module is in position, a second lifting module lowers the crushing tooth assembly 124. The crushing tooth assembly 124 then further crushes the pre-crushed glass. Due to the close arrangement of the teeth in the crushing tooth assembly 124, combined with the hardness of the glass, the glass can be completely peeled off the photovoltaic module, thus obtaining the base layer.

[0066] Preferably, such as Figure 8As shown, the crushing roller 123 is provided with multiple rings of crushing teeth 1231 at intervals along the axial direction. When the crushing roller 123 rotates, the crushing teeth 1231 first contact the glass and form a driving force that drives the photovoltaic module to move backward. When the crushing teeth 1231 move to the lowest point, they can be inserted into the glass to a depth of 0.2-0.4 times the thickness of the glass, thereby realizing the function of pre-crushing the glass.

[0067] Even better, the adjacent breaking teeth 1231 extend in opposite directions, and the lateral force exerted by the crushing roller 123 on the glass cancels out the lateral cutting force exerted by the breaking tooth assembly 124 on the glass, further reducing the probability of photovoltaic module misalignment. Furthermore, the left-right tilted arrangement of the breaking teeth 1231 not only achieves better pre-crushing effect upon contact with the glass during rotation, but the V-shaped space formed between adjacent breaking teeth 1231 also facilitates the discharge of glass fragments, thereby preventing material jamming.

[0068] Furthermore, the glass removal device 12 also includes a pressure plate 125, which is disposed between the crushing roller 123 and the crushing tooth assembly 124, and forms a material passage for guiding and pressing with the second conveying unit 122, thereby limiting the photovoltaic module in the conveying process, effectively reducing the probability of deformation and displacement, and ensuring that the glass achieves a complete removal effect during stable transmission.

[0069] Furthermore, the glass removal device 12 also includes tooth grooves 126 disposed on the edge of each tooth of the crushing tooth assembly 124. The tooth grooves 126 are preferably formed on the side of the pressure plate 125 away from the crushing roller 123. The tooth grooves 126 and the corresponding teeth form a guide channel 127 for discharging broken glass. By confining the glass fragments within the guide channel 127, splashing can be reduced and production safety can be improved. The guide channel 127 is connected to a negative pressure pipe, and the glass fragments within the guide channel 127 are collected by relying on negative pressure to avoid accumulation that affects the normal operation of the crushing tooth assembly 124.

[0070] refer to Figure 9 As shown, in some embodiments, the pyrolysis incineration apparatus 2 includes: a pyrolysis furnace 21, an incinerator 22, and a flue gas supply mechanism 23.

[0071] The pyrolysis furnace 21 is used to pyrolyze the substrate in an oxygen-free or low-oxygen atmosphere and generate pyrolysis gas. The pyrolysis gas is transported to the incinerator 22 through a pipeline. The pyrolysis gas is burned in the incinerator 22 with oxygen and generates hot flue gas. The flue gas supply mechanism 23 obtains and processes the hot flue gas to form the supply flue gas. The supply flue gas is heated and purged to the substrate through the purging part 233 of the flue gas supply mechanism 23 installed in the pyrolysis furnace 21, so as to provide the heat required for pyrolysis to the substrate and prevent the pyrolysis gas from accumulating on the surface of the substrate.

[0072] Because the photovoltaic modules being processed have a large area (typically 1-2 meters long), pyrolysis gas accumulates near the substrate surface during pyrolysis, forming a "gas blanket," a unique technical problem for photovoltaic modules. This application innovatively uses pyrolysis gas to purge the substrate, effectively disrupting the formation of the "gas blanket" and causing the pyrolysis gas to detach from the substrate surface. This enhances the efficiency of heat transfer to the substrate surface, significantly improving overall pyrolysis efficiency while ensuring a clean surface of the material after pyrolysis. It is worth noting that since the supplied flue gas itself is high-temperature, the volume of purging gas does not lower its temperature. Furthermore, the supplied flue gas is low in oxygen, thus meeting the high-temperature oxygen-free or low-oxygen environment required for pyrolysis. In other words, this application utilizes the supplied flue gas as both the heating and purging medium for pyrolysis, simultaneously satisfying four conditions: sufficient heat, large purging gas volume, no temperature reduction during purging, and low-oxygen flue gas. Under these conditions, the substrate pyrolysis time is effectively shortened, and the surface of the pyrolyzed product is very clean.

[0073] Preferably, the pyrolysis furnace 21 includes: a tunnel-type continuous conveying pyrolysis furnace 21 and a box-type intermittent pyrolysis furnace 21, to meet the pyrolysis requirements of large photovoltaic modules or other materials to be processed.

[0074] Preferably, the temperature of the supplied flue gas is any value between 400-750°C, for example, it can be any value between 450-750°C; further, it can be 500-750°C; and even further, it can be 500-650°C. The temperature of the supplied flue gas can be determined in conjunction with the pyrolysis temperature of the material to be treated. The pyrolysis temperature can be adjusted according to the type, size, thickness, loading method, and pyrolysis time of the material to be treated. For layered composite materials containing polymer encapsulation materials, such as waste photovoltaic modules, the pyrolysis treatment temperature can usually be selected within the above range.

[0075] Preferably, the oxygen content of the supplied flue gas is <20%, for example, <15%. The oxygen content of the supplied flue gas is lower than that of the air, which significantly reduces the oxygen content in the pyrolysis zone when the flue gas enters the pyrolysis furnace 21 and performs heating and purging functions, thus creating an oxygen-free or low-oxygen pyrolysis environment. However, the actual oxygen content inside the pyrolysis furnace 21 is also affected by the air leakage at the inlet and outlet, the amount of pyrolysis gas generated, and the gas flow rate at various locations, and can be further adjusted according to the oxidation sensitivity of the material to be treated and the pyrolysis process.

[0076] Or as Figure 9 As shown, in some embodiments, the supplied flue gas is obtained by cooling hot flue gas. For example, hot flue gas is obtained from a high-temperature location in the incinerator 22 or the flue gas discharge path, and the hot flue gas is cooled to a temperature suitable for pyrolysis by a heat exchanger, cooling pipe or other cooling structure, and then the cooled hot flue gas is used as the supplied flue gas.

[0077] Alternatively, the supplied flue gas can be a mixture of hot flue gas and cold flue gas obtained from the exhaust path. The term "cold flue gas" as used in this article refers to flue gas with a lower temperature relative to the hot flue gas; it is not required to be cooled to ambient temperature. Cold flue gas can be obtained downstream of the heat exchange equipment, downstream of the flue gas purification equipment, or near the exhaust equipment. For example, the hot flue gas temperature can be no less than 600℃, and further can be 650-900℃; the cold flue gas temperature can be less than 400℃, and further can be 100-300℃. By adjusting the ratio of hot and cold flue gas, the temperature and total flow rate of the supplied flue gas can be coordinated and regulated. When it is necessary to increase the heating supply to a corresponding area, the hot flue gas flow rate can be increased or the hot flue gas temperature can be increased; when it is necessary to increase the purging volume but it is not appropriate to increase the supplied flue gas temperature accordingly, the cold flue gas flow rate can be increased or the cold flue gas temperature can be decreased.

[0078] Alternatively, the supplied flue gas is a mixture of hot flue gas and external gas. Preferably, the external gas includes at least one of an inert gas and a gas with an oxygen content of ≤15%, and the temperature of the external gas is below 400°C. The inert gas can be, for example, nitrogen, and the external gas can also be other low-oxygen gases that meet the requirements of the corresponding pyrolysis atmosphere. It can enter the purging section 233 from an independent gas source via a corresponding gas supply pipeline.

[0079] The above three methods of flue gas formation can be selected according to equipment conditions and operating stage. For example, when the system has reusable cold flue gas, hot flue gas can be mixed with cold flue gas first; when the cold flue gas reuse path has not yet been established or during the system start-up stage, hot flue gas cooling or hot flue gas mixed with external gas can be used.

[0080] In some embodiments, the flue gas supply mechanism 23 further includes a hot flue gas pipeline 231 and a cold flue gas pipeline 232, each connected to the purging section 233. The hot flue gas pipeline 231 is used to transport hot flue gas obtained from the incinerator 22 or the flue gas discharge path to the purging section 233; the cold flue gas pipeline 232 is used to transport relatively cool flue gas from the flue gas discharge path to the purging section 233. Furthermore, the cold flue gas pipeline 232 can also be regulated by a valve assembly to serve as an input pipeline for external gas, thereby transporting external gas to the purging section 233.

[0081] Preferably, the flue gas supply mechanism 23 obtains hot flue gas from the incinerator 22 or the flue gas discharge path, and the temperature of the hot flue gas is ≥600°C.

[0082] In some embodiments, there are multiple purging units 233, which are arranged in different regions of the pyrolysis furnace 21 and independently supply flue gas to the pyrolysis furnace 21. That is, different purging units 233 have their own corresponding gas supply paths and can operate, start and stop, or adjust the gas supply volume separately. The temperature and flow rate of the flue gas supplied to different purging units 233 can be the same or different, so that different pyrolysis zones can adjust the supply ratio of hot flue gas to cold flue gas or external gas according to their own temperature and gas production status.

[0083] In a preferred example, multiple purging sections 233 are spaced apart along the width of the pyrolysis furnace 21. Along the conveying direction, the temperature of the flue gas blown out by the purging section 233 at the feed end of the pyrolysis furnace 21 is higher than that of the purging section 233 in the middle section, and the temperature of the flue gas blown out by the purging section 233 in the middle section is higher than that of the purging section 233 at the discharge end. For large pyrolysis furnaces such as tunnel-type continuous conveying pyrolysis furnaces, the feed end region, the middle pyrolysis region, and the discharge end region correspond to different pyrolysis stages. The feed end region needs to promote the heating of the substrate, so the flue gas temperature can be set relatively high, for example, 600-750℃. The middle pyrolysis region is the main gas-producing region, and the flue gas temperature can be set to 500-600℃. The discharge end region is used to complete the output of materials after pyrolysis, and the flue gas temperature can be reduced to 450-550℃. This forms a temperature distribution of "high at the front, moderate in the middle, and low at the back."

[0084] Furthermore, the flow rate of the flue gas blown out by the middle purging section 233 of the pyrolysis furnace 21 is higher than that of the feed end purging section 233 and the discharge end purging section 233. Since the amount of pyrolysis gas generated in the middle pyrolysis zone of the pyrolysis furnace 21 is relatively large and requires a strong gas carrying capacity, the flow rate of the flue gas supplied to the purging section 233 can be set to be greater than that of the feed end region and the discharge end region, so that the purging flow rate presents a distribution of "large in the middle and small at both ends", in order to shorten the residence time of the pyrolysis gas in the high-temperature region.

[0085] Preferably, the temperature and flow rate of the flue gas blown out by the purging section 233 at different positions of the pyrolysis furnace 21 correspond to the heating state and gas production state of the base layer during the continuous pyrolysis process. Specifically, they correspond to the TG curve and DTG curve of the base layer during the continuous pyrolysis process.

[0086] During continuous pyrolysis, the temperature and flow rate of the flue gas supplied to different zones can be adjusted according to the heating and gas production status of the material being treated. Taking photovoltaic modules containing EVA film as an example, the TG and DTG curves show that the EVA film undergoes different weight loss stages as the temperature rises, with a relatively concentrated weight loss occurring in the range of approximately 424-492℃. The main peak of the DTG curve is located around 471℃, corresponding to a high pyrolysis gas production rate. Therefore, the feed end mainly handles the material heating and can use flue gas with a higher temperature and lower flow rate, such as 600-750℃. The intermediate zone corresponds to the concentrated gas production stage and can use flue gas with a moderate temperature and higher flow rate, such as 500-600℃, to enhance purging and pyrolysis gas removal while continuing to provide heat. At the discharge end, pyrolysis is nearing completion and flue gas with a lower temperature and lower flow rate can be used, such as 450-550℃. Therefore, the temperature of the supplied flue gas can be distributed as "high at the front, moderate in the middle, and low at the back", and the flow rate can be distributed as "large in the middle and small at both ends" to match the heating demand and pyrolysis gas generation of each area respectively.

[0087] In some implementations, the state of the flue gas supplied to each zone can be determined based on the temperature of the material to be treated and / or the gas temperature inside the pyrolysis furnace 21. For example, the gas temperature in different zones of the furnace can be detected by a temperature sensor, or the surface temperature of the material to be treated or its heat-transferable surface can be detected by a radiative temperature sensor. Combined with the weight loss state and gas production rate reflected by the TG and / or DTG curves of the corresponding material, the flue gas temperature and flow rate of the corresponding zone can be adjusted. When the detected temperature corresponds to a higher gas production rate range, the flue gas flow rate can be increased; when pyrolysis has not yet occurred in a concentrated manner or is nearing completion, a relatively small purging flow rate can be used. For other materials to be treated, corresponding zoned gas supply parameters can also be determined based on their thermogravimetric changes and gas production characteristics.

[0088] In some embodiments, the pyrolysis furnace 21 further includes an auxiliary heating device for supplementing heating of the pyrolysis furnace 21 during equipment startup and / or when the heat from the supplied flue gas is insufficient. Exemplarily, the auxiliary heating device may be an electric heating rod, electric heating tube, or other heating device disposed inside the pyrolysis furnace 21 or near the furnace wall. During equipment startup, before the incinerator 22 has a stable supply of hot flue gas for pyrolysis gas formation, the auxiliary heating device can be used to heat the material to be processed and the pyrolysis furnace 21 to the initial pyrolysis state. Once the amount of pyrolysis gas generated increases and a stable supply of flue gas is obtained sufficient to meet the heat requirements of the pyrolysis furnace 21, the output of the auxiliary heating device can be reduced or auxiliary heating can be stopped.

[0089] refer to Figure 10 and Figure 11As shown, in some embodiments, the pyrolysis furnace 21 further includes a first exhaust channel 211 and a second exhaust channel 212. During the pyrolysis process, the pyrolysis gas in the middle of the pyrolysis furnace 21 is extracted through the first exhaust channel 211 and directly transported to the incinerator 22; the gas at the feed end and discharge end of the pyrolysis furnace 21 is extracted through the second exhaust channel 212 and transported to the combustion-supporting gas inlet of the incinerator 22; the first exhaust channel 211 and the second exhaust channel 212 are independent of each other.

[0090] By dividing the gas within the pyrolysis furnace 21 according to its production area and composition, the central part of the pyrolysis furnace 21 serves as the main pyrolysis zone, generating a large amount of pyrolysis gas. Therefore, the first extraction channel 211 corresponds to the fuel side of the incinerator 22. At the feed and discharge ends of the pyrolysis furnace 21, the second extraction channel 212 extracts gases primarily including leaked air, supplied flue gas, and a small amount of pyrolysis gas. These gases can be used as combustion-supporting gases; therefore, the second extraction channel 212 corresponds to the combustion-supporting gas side of the incinerator 22. Furthermore, since the first and second extraction channels 211 are independent, the pyrolysis gas and air-containing gas are not pre-mixed in the same conveying pipeline before entering their corresponding positions in the incinerator 22. This allows for the separate utilization of the two types of extracted gases while reducing the possibility of pyrolysis gas and oxygen-containing gas forming a combustible premixed gas in the conveying pipeline, making the equipment operation safer and more stable.

[0091] Preferably, such as Figure 10 As shown, the incinerator 22 can be a direct-fired incinerator. The gas extracted by the second exhaust channel 212 first passes through the air preheater and exchanges heat with the hot flue gas on the flue gas discharge path to raise its temperature, so that the combustion gas is preheated before auxiliary combustion, and then transported to the combustion gas inlet of the incinerator 22, thereby improving the heat utilization efficiency of the combustion process; at the same time, the hot flue gas on the flue gas discharge path is cooled to obtain cold flue gas.

[0092] Preferably, such as Figure 11 As shown, the incinerator 22 is a regenerative incinerator, including a combustion chamber and a heat storage body. The first exhaust channel 211 directly transports the pyrolysis gas to the combustion chamber of the incinerator 22 for combustion. The gas extracted by the second exhaust channel 212 first passes through the heat storage body and then connects to the combustion chamber. The heat storage body can absorb and store the heat generated by the combustion flue gas and heat the gas extracted by the second exhaust channel 212, i.e., the combustion-supporting gas, thereby improving the heat utilization efficiency of the combustion process. On the other hand, since the pyrolysis gas transport channel and the combustion-supporting gas transport channel are separated from each other, the possibility of tar vapor, heavy hydrocarbons or particulate matter carried by the pyrolysis gas directly contacting the heat storage body and depositing or accumulating in the heat storage channel is avoided, thereby solving the problem of reduced flow area or blockage of the heat storage body.

[0093] Furthermore, there are two sets of heat storage bodies, each set of which includes an interface. One interface serves as the combustion gas inlet and the other as the flue gas outlet. They are connected to the second exhaust channel 212 and the flue gas discharge path respectively through a reversing structure (such as a four-way valve), thereby alternately absorbing the heat of the combustion flue gas and preheating the combustion gas.

[0094] In some embodiments, the first exhaust channel 211 includes an exhaust port disposed on the top or side wall of the pyrolysis furnace 21, or may include a gas collecting pipe, a gas collecting hood, or an exhaust component having multiple exhaust holes extending into the pyrolysis chamber inside the furnace. Taking the exhaust port as an example, its position can correspond to the position where the material to be treated mainly generates pyrolysis gas, that is, it can be located above the substrate to receive the pyrolysis gas escaping upward from the surface of the substrate; or it can be located on the side of the substrate so that the flue gas supplied by the purging section 233 flows laterally along the surface of the substrate to the exhaust port.

[0095] The second extraction channel 212 can adopt the same or different extraction structure as the first extraction channel 211, such as an extraction port, extraction pipe, gas collection hood, or extraction component with multiple extraction holes. The second extraction channel 212 mainly extracts externally leaked air, supplied flue gas, and a small amount of diffused pyrolysis gas contained at both ends of the pyrolysis furnace 21, rather than being used to centrally extract the pyrolysis gas generated in the main pyrolysis zone.

[0096] By adjusting the suction states of the first suction channel 211 and the second suction channel 212, a corresponding airflow relationship can be established between the main pyrolysis zone (the middle part of the pyrolysis furnace 21) and the feed end and / or discharge end. For example, air leaking from the feed end or discharge end can preferentially flow to the corresponding second suction channel 212 and form a gas isolation with the main pyrolysis zone, while the pyrolysis gas generated in the main pyrolysis zone mainly moves towards the first suction channel 211. The "gas isolation" referred to in this article is a dynamic airflow boundary formed by the suction effect of the second suction channel 212 and the corresponding pressure relationship. It does not require the setting of a physical isolation wall between the main pyrolysis zone and the feed end or discharge end, nor does it mean that there is no gas exchange between the two zones.

[0097] refer to Figure 12 As shown, in some embodiments, the photovoltaic module recycling equipment further includes at least one of a junction box removal device, a frame removal device, and a silver extraction device. The junction box removal device is used to remove the junction box from the photovoltaic module; the frame removal device is used to remove the aluminum frame; and the silver extraction device is used to extract silver from the pyrolyzed solar cells.

[0098] For example, the frame removal device includes a short frame removal mechanism and a long frame removal mechanism; there are two of each of the short frame removal mechanism and long frame removal mechanism, which correspond to the short frames on the front and rear sides and the long frames on the left and right sides of the photovoltaic module, respectively. By controlling the operation of the short frame removal mechanism and the long frame removal mechanism, the aluminum frame on the outside of the photovoltaic module can be removed.

[0099] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the photovoltaic module recycling equipment may further include at least one of a feeding device, a module cleaning device, a module testing device, and a laminating adhesive removal device. The feeding device is used for automated feeding of photovoltaic modules; the module cleaning device is used for cleaning the photovoltaic modules; the module testing device is used for detecting characteristic information of the photovoltaic modules (e.g., junction box type and quantity, frame size, photovoltaic module type, thickness, etc.); and the laminating adhesive removal device is used for removing the adhesive film left on the aluminum frame.

[0100] For example, the loading equipment includes a robotic arm and a suction cup mechanism. The suction cup mechanism is used to adsorb the photovoltaic modules to be processed, and the robotic arm is used to drive the suction cup mechanism to move freely, thereby realizing the automated loading function of photovoltaic modules from the stockpile to the conveying platform.

[0101] For example, a module cleaning device may include a spraying mechanism, a roller brush mechanism, a rinsing mechanism, and a drying mechanism arranged sequentially along the conveying direction. The spraying mechanism performs initial spray cleaning on the top and bottom surfaces of the photovoltaic modules, efficiently removing loose deposits such as dirt and gravel. The roller brush mechanism removes surface deposits from the photovoltaic modules through physical friction, primarily targeting stubborn adhesive residues and oil stains. The rinsing mechanism performs a secondary rinse cleaning on the top and bottom surfaces of the photovoltaic modules, thoroughly removing any remaining small residues. Finally, the drying mechanism dries the photovoltaic modules.

[0102] It should be noted that Figure 12 There are no specific combinations of the various process equipment added; they can be flexibly selected as needed during actual processing.

[0103] A second aspect of this application provides a method for recycling photovoltaic modules, comprising the following steps: Peel off the release layer of the photovoltaic module to obtain the base layer; wherein the release layer includes the backsheet of a single-glass photovoltaic module or one side of a double-glass photovoltaic module, and the base layer includes the encapsulant film, solar cells and one side of the glass of the photovoltaic module; The base layer of the photovoltaic module is subjected to pyrolysis treatment to remove the encapsulant film, thereby separating the solar cells from the glass and generating pyrolysis gas. The pyrolysis gas is transported to the incinerator through pipelines. The pyrolysis gas undergoes aerobic combustion in the incinerator to produce hot flue gas. The hot flue gas is then collected and processed to form the flue gas to be supplied. The supplied flue gas is used to heat and purge the substrate, providing the heat required for pyrolysis and preventing the accumulation of pyrolysis gas on the substrate surface.

[0104] In some embodiments, the stripping layer of the photovoltaic module is removed by a stripping device 1, which includes a backsheet removal device 11 and / or a glass removal device 12; the base layer of the photovoltaic module is pyrolyzed by a pyrolysis incineration device 2, which includes a pyrolysis furnace 21, an incinerator 22 and a first exhaust channel 211.

[0105] Furthermore, when the stripping device 1 is compatible with the stripping of single and double glass photovoltaic modules, when processing single glass photovoltaic modules, the glass removal device 12 is idle and only serves a transmission function, while the backsheet removal device 11 works to remove the backsheet of the photovoltaic module to obtain the base layer; when processing double glass photovoltaic modules, the backsheet removal device 11 is idle and only serves a transmission function, while the glass removal device 12 works to remove the upper or lower glass of the photovoltaic module to obtain the base layer.

[0106] Furthermore, the pyrolysis furnace 21 extracts the pyrolysis gas from the middle of the pyrolysis furnace 21 through the first extraction channel 211 and directly transports it into the incinerator 22. The second extraction channel 212 extracts the gas from the feed end and the discharge end of the pyrolysis furnace 21 and transports it to the combustion gas inlet of the incinerator 22. The first extraction channel 211 and the second extraction channel 212 are independent of each other, so that the two gas streams do not mix in the same conveying pipeline before entering the corresponding position of the incinerator 22, thus ensuring the safety and stability of the equipment operation.

[0107] In some embodiments, the supplied flue gas can be formed directly from the hot flue gas generated by combustion, or from the hot flue gas after cooling, or from a mixture of hot flue gas and cold flue gas or external gas.

[0108] In some embodiments, the supplied flue gas is introduced into multiple different regions of the pyrolysis furnace 21 through multiple purging sections 233, and the flow rate and / or temperature of the supplied flue gas corresponding to different regions can be set according to the pyrolysis stage of the substrate.

[0109] Specifically, during the equipment startup phase, the pyrolysis furnace 21 can be brought to the initial pyrolysis conditions by using an auxiliary heating device and optional auxiliary fuel (such as natural gas) in the incinerator 22. At this time, the amount of pyrolysis gas generated is small, and the purging unit 233 can either not supply gas or use a small amount of gas.

[0110] As the temperature of the base layer rises and enters the concentrated gas production stage, the extraction volume of the first extraction channel 211 is increased, and the flue gas flow rate of the corresponding purging section 233 is also increased. This allows the volatile components generated by pyrolysis to leave the base layer surface or interlayer area in a timely manner and flow towards the first extraction channel 211 with the airflow. At the same time, the second extraction channel 212 maintains the gas isolation between the middle and both ends of the pyrolysis furnace 21, allowing leaked air from the outside to be drawn away through the second extraction channel 212.

[0111] As pyrolysis nears completion, the amount of pyrolysis gas produced decreases. The supply of hot flue gas and the extraction volume of the first extraction channel 211 can be gradually reduced, and a small amount of flue gas can be maintained for purging as needed. When it is necessary to reduce the temperature of the pyrolysis furnace 21, the proportion of cold flue gas or low-temperature external gas in the supplied flue gas can be increased.

[0112] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the invention without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and all such changes should fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module recycling device, characterized in that, Includes stripping equipment and pyrolysis incineration equipment; The stripping device removes the stripping layer of the photovoltaic module and obtains the base layer; the stripping layer includes the backsheet of a single-glass photovoltaic module or one side of a double-glass photovoltaic module, and the base layer includes the encapsulant film, solar cells and one side of the glass of the photovoltaic module; The peeling device includes a backplate removal device and / or a glass removal device; The photovoltaic module's base layer is pyrolyzed using the pyrolysis incineration device to remove the adhesive film, thereby separating the solar cells from the glass.

2. The photovoltaic module recycling equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the equipment is used for processing single-glass photovoltaic modules, the peeling layer is the backsheet of the photovoltaic module, and the peeling device is the backsheet removal device. When the equipment is used for processing double-glass photovoltaic modules, the stripping layer is the upper or lower glass of the photovoltaic module, and the stripping device is the glass removal device. When the equipment is compatible with processing single and double glass photovoltaic modules, the stripping layer is the back sheet or one side of the glass of the photovoltaic module, and the stripping device includes the back sheet removal device and the glass removal device.

3. The photovoltaic module recycling equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, In equipment compatible with single and double glass photovoltaic modules, when the object to be processed is a single glass photovoltaic module, the glass removal device is idle and does not work, only playing a transmission role, while the backsheet removal device works to remove the backsheet of the photovoltaic module, and the remaining part is the base layer; When the object to be processed is a double-glass photovoltaic module, the backsheet removal device is idle and does not work, only serving a transport function, while the glass removal device works to remove the upper or lower glass of the photovoltaic module, and the remaining part is the base layer.

4. The photovoltaic module recycling equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that, The backplate removal device includes a first conveying unit and a backplate removal mechanism disposed on the first conveying unit; The backsheet removal mechanism includes multiple pressure rollers, and a backsheet removal roller cutter and a brush sweeping roller group arranged sequentially between the pressure rollers along the conveying direction. The backsheet removal roller cutter is used to remove the backsheet of the photovoltaic module, and the brush sweeping roller group is used to remove backsheet debris to obtain the base layer.

5. The photovoltaic module recycling equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that, The backplate removal roller cutter includes a roller cutter body and cutting teeth arranged spirally at intervals along the roller cutter body, and each cutting tooth is detachably fixed to the roller cutter body.

6. The photovoltaic module recycling equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that, The backsheet removal device further includes a pressing module, which is disposed in front of the backsheet removal roller and includes a support block disposed in the first conveying unit and a pressing tail unit disposed above the support block. The tail tip of the pressing tail unit is close to the backsheet removal roller and the resulting limiting force is used to counteract the stress caused by deformation or displacement of the backsheet of the photovoltaic module by the backsheet removal roller during operation. Preferably, the pressing tail unit includes a plurality of pressing members arranged side by side. The pressing members have tail tips extending toward the bottom of the backsheet removal roller and the pressing members can adaptively swing to adjust their tail tips to cooperate with the support block to apply a limiting force to the photovoltaic module.

7. The photovoltaic module recycling equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first conveying unit includes multiple transmission rollers. The pressure roller cooperates with the corresponding transmission roller to form vertically aligned support points, and only the pressure roller located between the backplate removal roller and the brush sweeping roller group is an elastic pressure roller.

8. The photovoltaic module recycling equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that, The glass removal apparatus includes a heating furnace and a glass removal mechanism; The heating furnace is used to heat the laminates of the photovoltaic module; The glass removal mechanism includes a second conveying unit and a crushing roller and a crushing tooth assembly arranged front and rear on the second conveying unit. The crushing roller is used to pre-crush the glass of the photovoltaic module and guide it to the crushing tooth assembly. The crushing tooth assembly is used to completely remove the pre-crushed glass to obtain the base layer.

9. The photovoltaic module recycling equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that, Includes one or more features selected from the following group: (1) The crushing roller is provided with multiple rings of crushing teeth at intervals along the axial direction. The extension directions of adjacent crushing teeth are opposite. The force exerted by the crushing roller on the glass in the left and right direction cancels out the cutting force exerted by the crushing teeth on the glass in the left and right direction. (2) It also includes a pressure plate disposed between the crushing roller and the crushing tooth assembly, wherein the pressure plate and the second conveying unit form a material passage for guiding and pressing; (3) It also includes tooth grooves provided on the edge of each tooth of the crushing tooth group, wherein the tooth grooves and the corresponding teeth form a guide channel for discharging broken glass, and the guide channel is connected to a negative pressure pipe.

10. The photovoltaic module recycling equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pyrolysis incineration apparatus includes: a pyrolysis furnace, an incinerator, and a flue gas supply mechanism; The pyrolysis furnace is used to pyrolyze the substrate in an oxygen-free or low-oxygen atmosphere and generate pyrolysis gas. The pyrolysis gas is transported to the incinerator through a pipeline, where it undergoes aerobic combustion to produce hot flue gas. The flue gas supply mechanism acquires and processes the hot flue gas to form the supplied flue gas; the supplied flue gas is heated and purged to the base layer through the purging section of the flue gas supply mechanism located in the pyrolysis furnace, providing the base layer with the heat required for pyrolysis and preventing the accumulation of pyrolysis gas on the surface of the base layer.

11. The photovoltaic module recycling equipment according to claim 10, characterized in that, Includes one or more features selected from the following group: (1) The pyrolysis furnace includes: a tunnel-type continuous conveying pyrolysis furnace and a box-type intermittent pyrolysis furnace; (2) The temperature of the supplied flue gas is 400-750℃ and the oxygen content is <20%; the supplied flue gas is obtained by cooling the hot flue gas, or the supplied flue gas is formed by mixing the hot flue gas with external gas, or the supplied flue gas is formed by mixing the hot flue gas with cold flue gas obtained on the flue gas discharge path; (3) The flue gas supply mechanism obtains the hot flue gas from the incinerator or the flue gas discharge path, and the temperature of the hot flue gas is ≥600℃; (4) There are multiple purging sections, which are arranged in different areas of the pyrolysis furnace and independently supply the flue gas to the pyrolysis furnace.

12. The photovoltaic module recycling equipment according to claim 11, characterized in that, Multiple purging sections are spaced apart along the width of the pyrolysis furnace, wherein the temperature of the flue gas blown out by the purging section at the feed end of the pyrolysis furnace is higher than that of the purging section at the middle part, and the temperature of the flue gas blown out by the purging section at the middle part is higher than that of the purging section at the discharge end; the flow rate of the flue gas blown out by the purging section at the middle part of the pyrolysis furnace is higher than that of the purging sections at the feed end and the discharge end. Preferably, the temperature and flow rate of the flue gas blown out by the purging section at different positions of the pyrolysis furnace correspond to the heating state and gas production state of the base layer during the continuous pyrolysis process. Specifically, they correspond to the TG curve and DTG curve of the base layer during the continuous pyrolysis process.

13. The photovoltaic module recycling equipment according to claim 10, characterized in that, The pyrolysis gas in the middle of the pyrolysis furnace is extracted through the first extraction channel and directly transported to the incinerator; the gas at the feed end and discharge end of the pyrolysis furnace is extracted through the second extraction channel and transported to the combustion gas inlet of the incinerator; the first extraction channel and the second extraction channel are independent of each other.

14. The photovoltaic module recycling equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes at least one of the following: junction box removal equipment, frame removal equipment, and silver removal equipment.

15. The photovoltaic module recycling equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes at least one of the following: feeding equipment, component cleaning equipment, component testing equipment, and laminate adhesive removal equipment.

16. A method for recycling photovoltaic modules, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Peel off the release layer of the photovoltaic module to obtain the base layer; wherein the release layer includes the backsheet of a single-glass photovoltaic module or one side of a double-glass photovoltaic module, and the base layer includes the encapsulant film, solar cells and one side of the glass of the photovoltaic module; The base layer of the photovoltaic module is subjected to pyrolysis treatment to remove the encapsulant film, thereby separating the solar cells from the glass and generating pyrolysis gas. The pyrolysis gas is transported to the incinerator through pipelines. The pyrolysis gas undergoes aerobic combustion in the incinerator to produce hot flue gas. The hot flue gas is then collected and processed to form the flue gas to be supplied. The supplied flue gas is used to heat and purge the base layer, providing the heat required for pyrolysis and preventing pyrolysis gas from accumulating on the surface of the base layer.

17. The photovoltaic module recycling method according to claim 16, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module has its stripping layer removed by a stripping device, which includes a backsheet removal device and a glass removal device. In the process of processing single-glass photovoltaic modules, the glass removal device is idle and only serves a transmission function, while the backsheet removal device works to remove the backsheet of the photovoltaic module to obtain the base layer. In the process of processing double-glass photovoltaic modules, the backsheet removal device is idle and only serves a transmission function, while the glass removal device works to remove the upper or lower glass of the photovoltaic module to obtain the base layer.

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