A rural garbage classification and agricultural waste collaborative treatment workstation

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of rural solid waste resource processing, and particularly relates to a rural garbage classification and agricultural waste collaborative processing workstation, which comprises a garbage classification module, an agricultural waste pretreatment module, an organic material mixing and adjusting module, an aerobic fermentation module, a dry garbage recycling module and an intelligent control module; the garbage classification module comprises a feeding hopper, a drum screening mechanism, a conveying mechanism, a visual recognition sorting mechanism, a classification execution mechanism and a classification collection bin; the feeding hopper is arranged on the top of the drum screening mechanism and used for receiving rural household garbage; the household garbage enters the drum screening mechanism through the feeding hopper; and the drum screening mechanism is arranged obliquely and provided with screen holes on the surface. Through the garbage classification module, the agricultural waste pretreatment module, the organic material mixing and adjusting module and the fermentation and fertilizer production module, integrated processing of rural household garbage classification, agricultural waste crushing, organic material optimized mixing and resource production of fertilizer is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of rural solid waste resource utilization technology, specifically referring to a rural waste sorting and agricultural waste co-processing workstation. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous advancement of rural living environment improvement efforts, rural domestic waste and large amounts of agricultural waste generated during agricultural production have become significant factors affecting the rural ecological environment. Rural domestic waste mainly includes kitchen waste, plastic packaging, waste paper, glass, metal, hazardous waste, and ash and soil impurities; agricultural waste mainly includes straw, vegetable seedlings, vines, fallen leaves, fruit branches, and livestock and poultry manure.

[0003] Currently, the main problems with rural solid waste treatment methods are as follows: Existing rural waste treatment equipment is usually designed only for household waste, while agricultural waste is mostly disposed of through open-air dumping, incineration, or simple crushing. The two types of waste cannot be used in synergy, resulting in redundant equipment construction and large land occupation. Existing waste sorting equipment is mostly designed for urban household waste, while rural waste is characterized by a high proportion of kitchen waste, a lot of mud and sand impurities, and serious mixing of packaging materials. Traditional sorting equipment is prone to problems such as insufficient screening and low sorting accuracy. Agricultural waste such as straw and vegetable seedlings contain a lot of organic matter, but due to their complex fiber structure, direct composting results in slow decomposition and a long composting period. Kitchen waste has a high moisture content, while agricultural waste such as straw has a low moisture content. Direct mixing of the two can easily lead to unsuitable material moisture content, affecting the efficiency of microbial fermentation. Most equipment relies on manual operation and lacks material detection and automatic adjustment functions, making it difficult to meet the needs of unattended operation in rural areas. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems of incompatible treatment of domestic waste and agricultural waste, low resource utilization, limited equipment functionality, and difficult operation and maintenance in existing rural solid waste treatment processes, this invention provides a rural waste sorting and agricultural waste co-treatment workstation. By setting up a waste sorting module, an agricultural waste pretreatment module, an organic material mixing and adjustment module, and a fermentation and fertilizer production module, it achieves integrated treatment of rural domestic waste sorting, agricultural waste crushing, optimized mixing of organic materials, and resource-based fertilizer production.

[0005] To achieve the above functions, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: a rural waste sorting and agricultural waste co-processing workstation, including a waste sorting module, an agricultural waste pretreatment module, an organic material mixing and adjustment module, an aerobic fermentation module, a dry waste recycling module, and an intelligent control module; The waste sorting module includes a feeding hopper, a drum screening mechanism, a conveying mechanism, a visual recognition sorting mechanism, a sorting execution mechanism, and a sorting collection bin. The feeding hopper is located at the top of the drum screening mechanism and is used to receive rural domestic waste. The domestic waste enters the drum screening mechanism through the feeding hopper. The drum screening mechanism is inclined and has screen holes on its surface to remove inorganic impurities such as sand and gravel from the waste. An impurity collection bin is located below the drum screening mechanism. The conveying mechanism is connected to the tail end of the drum screening mechanism, and the screened waste enters the conveying mechanism. A visual recognition sorting mechanism is located above the conveying mechanism. The visual recognition sorting mechanism includes an industrial camera and a controller to identify the waste category. Multiple sorting outlets are located at the end of the conveying mechanism, and these outlets are respectively connected to the kitchen waste / organic waste bin, the recyclable waste bin, the hazardous waste bin, and the other waste bin. The waste from the kitchen waste / organic waste bin is conveyed to the organic material mixing and adjustment module.

[0006] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the agricultural waste pretreatment module includes a feed inlet, a crushing mechanism and a temporary storage bin. The feed inlet is set on the crushing mechanism. Agricultural waste such as straw, vegetable seedlings, vines, and fallen leaves enter the crushing mechanism through the feed inlet. The crushing mechanism is equipped with a rotating blade assembly. After crushing, the agricultural waste reduces the particle size and improves the efficiency of subsequent fermentation. The crushed agricultural waste enters the temporary storage bin.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the organic material mixing and regulating module includes a mixing and regulating chamber, a dual-shaft stirring mechanism, a moisture content detection mechanism, a spray regulating mechanism, and a drainage mechanism. The mixing and regulating chamber is connected to the kitchen waste organic waste chamber and the temporary storage chamber in the waste sorting module. Kitchen waste and crushed agricultural waste enter the mixing and regulating chamber respectively. The dual-shaft stirring mechanism is located inside the mixing and regulating chamber and includes two parallel stirring shafts. The two stirring shafts are driven by a drive mechanism to rotate in opposite directions, so that different materials are fully mixed. The moisture content detection mechanism is installed inside the mixing and regulating chamber to detect the moisture content of the mixed materials. When the moisture content of the materials is detected to be too low, the spray regulating mechanism is controlled to spray water to regulate the moisture content. When the moisture content is too high, the excess liquid is discharged through the drainage mechanism, so that the mixed materials reach suitable fermentation conditions.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the aerobic fermentation module includes a sealed fermentation chamber, an aeration mechanism, a turning mechanism, a temperature detection mechanism, and a discharge mechanism. The sealed fermentation chamber is connected to the discharge end of the organic material mixing and regulating module and is used to receive the mixed material of kitchen waste and agricultural waste after mixing and regulating. The discharge mechanism is set at the end of the sealed fermentation chamber to output the organic material mixed and regulated after fermentation into the sealed fermentation chamber. An aeration pipe is set at the bottom of the sealed fermentation chamber, and the aeration mechanism is set at the bottom of the sealed fermentation chamber to provide oxygen to the material. The turning mechanism is set in the middle area inside the sealed fermentation chamber. A temperature detection mechanism is set inside the sealed fermentation chamber to detect the fermentation status. The turning mechanism turns the material regularly to ensure that the oxygen is evenly distributed. After full fermentation, organic fertilizer is formed.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the dry waste recycling module includes a recyclable material storage bin, a hazardous waste sealing bin, and other waste compression bins. The recyclable material storage bin is connected to the recyclable material bin, the hazardous waste sealing bin is connected to the hazardous waste bin, and the other waste compression bin is connected to the other waste bins. The recyclable waste is stored centrally after being sorted, the hazardous waste is stored in the sealing bin, and the other waste is reduced in volume by a compression mechanism.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the intelligent control module includes a PLC controller, a touch screen display, and sensor components. The PLC controller is connected to the conveying mechanism, the crushing mechanism, the stirring mechanism, the aeration mechanism, the turning mechanism, and the sensor components, respectively, for realizing automatic operation of the equipment and adjustment of operating parameters.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the present invention achieves the following beneficial effects by adopting the above structure: 1. The waste sorting module enables automated and precise sorting of household waste, effectively solving the problems of mixed waste in rural areas, low efficiency and poor accuracy of manual sorting. The inclined drum screening mechanism can screen out inorganic impurities such as sand and gravel in advance, avoiding wear and tear on the equipment and affecting the subsequent fermentation effect. Combined with the visual recognition sorting mechanism, it can automatically distinguish between kitchen waste, organic waste, recyclable waste, hazardous waste and other waste, achieving precise diversion. 2. The agricultural waste pretreatment module can crush and refine various agricultural wastes such as straw, vines, and fallen leaves, effectively reducing the particle size of agricultural waste materials and solving the problems of large volume, hard texture, and difficulty in mixing and fermentation of traditional agricultural waste. The refined materials can be fully integrated with kitchen waste and organic waste, improving the uniformity and efficiency of fermentation and shortening the composting cycle. At the same time, the temporary storage bin can centrally store the crushed agricultural waste and provide stable material supply, adapting to the seasonal production characteristics of agricultural waste, ensuring the continuous and stable operation of the entire set of equipment, and realizing the standardized recycling and utilization of agricultural waste. 3. The organic material mixing and adjustment module can achieve uniform mixing and parameter control of kitchen waste and crushed agricultural waste. The dual-shaft reverse stirring mechanism can avoid the problems of material stratification and agglomeration, ensuring the uniformity of material texture. At the same time, the moisture content detection mechanism monitors the material status in real time, and the spray adjustment and drainage mechanism dynamically adjusts the moisture content to stabilize the material to the optimal fermentation range. 4. The aerobic fermentation module can efficiently convert waste materials into high-quality organic fertilizer, realizing the resource utilization of waste. It can be directly used for soil improvement and farmland planting, meeting the needs of green agricultural development. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a rural waste sorting and agricultural waste co-processing workstation proposed in this invention.

[0013] The system includes: 1. Waste sorting module; 11. Feed hopper; 12. Drum screening mechanism; 13. Conveying mechanism; 14. Visual recognition sorting mechanism; 15. Sorting execution mechanism; 16. Sorting collection bins; 16a. Kitchen waste and organic waste bins; 16b. Recyclable waste bins; 16c. Hazardous waste bins; 16d. Other waste bins; 2. Agricultural waste pretreatment module; 21. Feed inlet; 22. Crushing mechanism; 23. Temporary storage bins; 3. Organic material mixing and adjustment module; 31. Mixing and adjustment bins; 32. 33. Dual-shaft mixing mechanism; 34. Moisture content detection mechanism; 35. Spraying adjustment mechanism; 46. Drainage mechanism; 57. Aerobic fermentation module; 48. Sealed fermentation chamber; 49. Aeration mechanism; 40. Turning and turning mechanism; 41. Temperature detection mechanism; 42. Discharge mechanism; 50. Dry waste recycling module; 51. Recyclable material storage chamber; 52. Hazardous waste sealed chamber; 53. Other waste compression chamber; 61. Intelligent control module; 62. PLC controller; 63. Touch screen display; 64. Sensor components. Detailed Implementation

[0014] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0015] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. The invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0016] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a rural waste sorting and agricultural waste co-processing workstation, which consists of a waste sorting module 1, an agricultural waste pretreatment module 2, an organic material mixing and adjustment module 3, an aerobic fermentation module 4, a dry waste recycling module 5, and an intelligent control module 6. Each module works together to complete the sorting, pretreatment, proportioning, aerobic fermentation, dry waste recycling, and fully automated control of rural domestic waste and agricultural waste. Specific implementation methods are as follows: Waste sorting module 1, as the front-end sorting unit of the system, consists of a feeding hopper 11, an inclined drum screening mechanism 12, a conveying mechanism 13, a visual recognition sorting mechanism 14, a sorting execution mechanism 15, and a sorting collection bin 16. The visual recognition sorting mechanism 14 is located above the conveyor belt of the conveying mechanism 13. The visual recognition sorting mechanism 14 includes an industrial camera, a recognition controller, and a data processing module. The industrial camera captures images of waste on the conveyor belt, and the recognition controller determines the type of waste based on a preset sorting model.

[0017] The sorting actuator 15 is located on both sides of the conveyor belt. The sorting actuator 15 includes a pneumatic pusher, a solenoid valve, and a compressed air pipeline. When the identification controller determines the type of waste, it controls the pneumatic pusher at the corresponding position to push the waste into the corresponding sorting collection bin 16. The sorting collection bin 16 includes a kitchen waste / organic waste bin 16a, a recyclable waste bin, a hazardous waste bin 16c, and other waste bins 16d. The bottom of the kitchen waste / organic waste bin 16a is connected to the organic material mixing and regulating module 3 through a sealed conveying pipe.

[0018] During operation, rural domestic waste is continuously fed into the drum screening mechanism 12 through the upper feed hopper 11. The drum screening mechanism 12 is installed at an inclination of 3° to 8°. Circular screen holes are evenly distributed on the surface of the drum, with a screen hole diameter of 8 to 12 mm. As the waste slowly moves downward with the rotation of the drum, fine inorganic impurities such as sand and gravel fall through the screen holes and are collected in the impurity collection bin below. This removes inert inorganic impurities from the source and prevents them from entering the subsequent fermentation process.

[0019] Large-particle household waste, after screening, falls into the rear conveyor mechanism 13 and is conveyed forward at a constant speed by a conveyor belt. A visual recognition sorting mechanism 14 is installed above the middle section of the conveyor mechanism 13. It uses a high-definition industrial camera to capture real-time images of the waste, and a built-in controller with a waste recognition algorithm to identify and distinguish between kitchen waste, recyclable waste, hazardous waste, and other waste. At the end of the conveyor mechanism 13, four independent sorting outlets are provided. Based on the recognition results, the sorting action is automatically matched, and different types of waste are respectively guided into the kitchen waste / organic waste bin 16a, the recyclable waste bin 16b, the hazardous waste bin 16c, and the other waste bin 16d. The kitchen waste / organic waste bin 16a is equipped with an unloading conveyor at its bottom, which quantitatively transports the sorted organic waste to the rear organic material mixing and regulating module 3, completing the automated and precise waste sorting operation.

[0020] The agricultural waste pretreatment module 2 is mainly used for crushing, refining, and temporarily storing various types of agricultural waste from the fields, such as straw, vegetable seedlings, vines, and fallen leaves. Specifically, it includes a feed inlet 21, a high-speed crushing mechanism 22, and a sealed temporary storage bin 23. In actual operation, the collected agricultural waste is manually or fed into the crushing mechanism 22 through the feed inlet 21. The crushing mechanism 22 is equipped with multiple sets of staggered rotating blades that crush the agricultural waste through high-speed rotation, shearing, and impact, breaking long and blocky agricultural waste into uniform, fine particles, controlling the particle size of the crushed material to be no greater than 10mm.

[0021] After being crushed, the fine agricultural waste falls into the bottom sealed temporary storage bin 23 by its own weight for temporary storage. The temporary storage bin 23 is equipped with a quantitative discharge mechanism 45, which can realize quantitative and continuous feeding according to the material needs of the back-end mixing and adjustment module. This effectively solves the problems of large volume, uneven texture and discontinuous feeding of agricultural waste, and provides stable and homogeneous raw materials for subsequent material mixing and fermentation processes.

[0022] The organic material mixing and regulating module 3 is the core unit for material ratio control in this system. It specifically includes a mixing and regulating chamber 31, a dual-shaft stirring mechanism 32, an online moisture content detection mechanism 33, a spray regulating mechanism 34, and a bottom drainage mechanism 35. During operation, the kitchen waste and organic waste output from the waste sorting module 1 and the crushed agricultural waste output from the agricultural waste pretreatment module 2 enter the mixing and regulating chamber 31 through independent feeding channels.

[0023] The mixing and regulating chamber 31 is equipped with a parallel dual-shaft counter-rotating stirring mechanism. Two stirring shafts rotate synchronously in opposite directions under the drive of a motor. Stirring blades are evenly arranged on the shafts to thoroughly mix and knead the kitchen waste and agricultural waste within the chamber, ensuring complete blending of the two materials, eliminating stratification and agglomeration, and guaranteeing a uniform mixture composition. Simultaneously, multiple moisture content sensors are installed on the inner wall of the chamber to collect real-time online moisture content data of the mixed materials and feed it back to the intelligent control module 6.

[0024] When the moisture content of the material is detected to be lower than the suitable range for fermentation, the system automatically starts the top spray adjustment mechanism 34 to spray water evenly through the atomizing nozzles and accurately adjust the humidity of the material. When the moisture content of the material is too high and water accumulates in the material, the bottom drainage mechanism 35 is automatically opened to drain the excess leachate in time, and the moisture content of the mixed material is stably controlled within the optimal range of 55% to 65% for aerobic fermentation. After the material adjustment is completed, it is quantitatively transported to the aerobic fermentation module 4 through the discharge port at the bottom of the silo.

[0025] The aerobic fermentation module 4 adopts a closed-loop trough fermentation structure, mainly composed of a closed fermentation chamber 41, a bottom aeration mechanism 42, a middle turning and turning mechanism 43, a temperature detection mechanism 44, and an end discharge mechanism 45. The homogeneous organic material after mixing and adjustment is sent into the closed fermentation chamber 41, and the stacking thickness is controlled at 0.8-1.2m. The entire process is carried out in a closed loop to prevent odor leakage, dust diffusion, and mosquito breeding.

[0026] Aeration pipes are evenly distributed at the bottom of the fermentation chamber. The aeration mechanism 42 automatically adjusts the aeration volume and frequency according to the fermentation stage, continuously supplying fresh oxygen to the bottom layer of the material to meet the metabolic needs of aerobic microorganisms. A movable turning mechanism 43 is installed in the middle of the fermentation chamber. It moves and turns the material at preset intervals, breaking up hardened materials and loosening the material pores, so that oxygen can evenly penetrate to all layers of the material, achieving uniform fermentation. Temperature sensors are installed in sections inside the chamber to monitor the temperature changes of the fermentation pile in real time, accurately controlling the entire process of heating, high-temperature composting, and cooling, ensuring that the material is fully and harmlessly composted.

[0027] After 7 to 15 days of closed aerobic fermentation, the material is fully decomposed and stabilized, and finally automatically discharged through the terminal discharge mechanism 45 to form organic fertilizer that meets agricultural standards, thus completing the resource transformation of organic waste.

[0028] The dry waste recycling module 5 connects to the various dry waste discharge bins of the waste sorting module 1, and is divided into a recyclable waste storage bin 51, a hazardous waste sealed bin 52, and other waste compression bins 53. After sorting, the recyclable waste is directly sent to the recyclable waste storage bin 51 for centralized storage and is regularly collected and recycled. Hazardous waste, such as used batteries and discarded pesticide packaging, is separately sent to the sealed hazardous waste bin 52 for airtight storage. The bin is designed to prevent leakage and ensure a tight seal, thus preventing harmful components from leaking and polluting the environment.

[0029] The remaining household waste is sent to the other waste compression chamber 53, where the loose waste is squeezed and reduced in volume by the built-in hydraulic compression mechanism. After compression, the waste volume is greatly reduced, which effectively reduces the storage space occupied and the frequency of transfer, and realizes the standardized disposal of dry waste by classification, zoning and grading.

[0030] The intelligent control module 6 uses a PLC controller 61 as the core control unit, equipped with a touch screen display 62 and multiple sensor components 63, to achieve integrated automatic control of the entire production line. The PLC controller 61 is electrically connected to the conveying mechanism 13, the crushing mechanism 22, the dual-shaft stirring mechanism 32, the aeration mechanism 42, the turning and tumbling mechanism 43, and the sensor components 63. Operators can start and stop the equipment, set operating parameters, and monitor the operating conditions in real time through the touch screen display 62.

[0031] During system operation, moisture content sensors, temperature sensors, and operating status sensors collect data in real time and upload it to the PLC controller 61. The controller automatically completes automated actions such as material humidity adjustment, aeration start and stop, turning and turning cycle control, and equipment speed adjustment according to the preset program. This enables the entire process of waste sorting, pretreatment, mixing and adjustment, fermentation, and dry waste treatment to be linked and operated in a coordinated manner without the need for frequent manual intervention, which greatly reduces the cost of manual operation and maintenance and ensures the stable, efficient, and standardized operation of the entire system.

[0032] The present invention and its embodiments have been described above. This description is not restrictive, and the accompanying drawings are only one embodiment of the present invention; the actual structure is not limited thereto. In conclusion, if those skilled in the art are inspired by this description and design similar structures and embodiments without departing from the spirit of the invention, such designs should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rural waste sorting and agricultural waste co-processing workstation, characterized in that: It includes a waste sorting module (1), an agricultural waste pretreatment module (2), an organic material mixing and adjustment module (3), an aerobic fermentation module (4), a dry waste recycling module (5), and an intelligent control module (6); The waste sorting module (1) is used to screen and sort rural domestic waste and transport the kitchen waste to the organic material mixing and regulating module (3). The agricultural waste pretreatment module (2) is used to crush agricultural waste and transport the crushed agricultural waste to the organic material mixing and regulating module (3). The organic material mixing and adjustment module (3) is connected to the waste sorting module (1) and the agricultural waste pretreatment module (2) respectively, and is used to mix kitchen organic waste with crushed agricultural waste and adjust the moisture content of the mixture according to the material state. The aerobic fermentation module (4) is connected to the organic material mixing and regulating module (3) and is used to aerate, turn and ferment the mixed organic material to generate organic fertilizer. The dry waste recycling module (5) is connected to the waste sorting module (1) and is used to sort and store recyclable waste, hazardous waste and other waste or reduce their volume. The intelligent control module (6) is electrically connected to each functional module and is used to control the coordinated operation of each module.

2. The rural waste sorting and agricultural waste co-processing workstation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waste sorting module (1) includes a feeding hopper (11), a drum screening mechanism (12), a conveying mechanism (13), a visual recognition sorting mechanism (14), a sorting execution mechanism (15), and a sorting collection bin (16). The screening mechanism is used to remove sand and inorganic impurities from household waste, and the visual recognition sorting mechanism is used to sort waste into kitchen waste, organic waste, recyclable waste, hazardous waste, and other waste.

3. The rural waste sorting and agricultural waste co-processing workstation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The agricultural waste pretreatment module (2) includes a feed inlet (21), a crushing mechanism (22), and a temporary storage bin (23).

4. A rural waste sorting and agricultural waste co-processing workstation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic material mixing and adjustment module (3) includes a mixing and adjustment chamber (31), a dual-shaft stirring mechanism (32), a moisture content detection mechanism (33), a spray adjustment mechanism (34), and a drainage mechanism (35). The stirring mechanism is located inside the mixing and adjustment chamber (31) and is used to fully mix kitchen waste and agricultural waste. The moisture content detection mechanism (33) is used to detect the state of the mixed materials. The spray adjustment mechanism (34) adjusts the material conditions according to the detection results.

5. A rural waste sorting and agricultural waste co-processing workstation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aerobic fermentation module (4) includes a sealed fermentation chamber (41), an aeration mechanism (42), a turning mechanism (43), a temperature detection mechanism (44), and a discharge mechanism (45). The aeration mechanism (42) is used to supply oxygen to the fermentation chamber, and the turning mechanism (43) is used to turn the material to improve the uniformity of fermentation.

6. A rural waste sorting and agricultural waste co-processing workstation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dry waste recycling module (5) includes a recyclable waste storage bin (51), a hazardous waste sealing bin (52), and other waste compression bins (53).

7. A rural waste sorting and agricultural waste co-processing workstation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent control module (6) includes a PLC controller (61), a touch screen (62), and a sensor assembly (63). The controller is connected to each actuator and the sensor assembly (63) respectively to realize automatic operation control of the equipment.

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