Plate forming pressure equipment with guiding positioning structure

Abstract

The application discloses a plate forming and pressing equipment with a guiding and positioning structure, and belongs to the technical field of plate forming equipment. The plate forming and pressing equipment comprises a pressing block, a supporting block arranged below the pressing block and used for supporting a plate, a concave hole formed in the center of the upper surface of the supporting block, a convex surface formed in the concave hole, a cross-sectional area of the pressing block being smaller than that of the concave hole, a supporting surface formed on the upper end surface of the supporting block, and a concave surface formed on the lower end surface of the pressing block and matched with the convex surface. An upper step is formed on the lower end surface of the pressing block at the two sides of the concave surface, a lower step is formed in the concave hole at the two sides of the convex surface, a limiting space is formed by combining the upper step and the lower step, a plurality of groups of limiting blocks are uniformly and interval arranged in the limiting space along the length direction of the plate, and a V-shaped limiting groove is formed in the side surface of the limiting block. The plate forming and pressing equipment can apply stable guiding and positioning constraints to the edge region of the plate in the plate extrusion forming process, so that the influence of irregular flow on plate structure forming can be inhibited.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of sheet metal forming equipment, specifically relating to a sheet metal forming pressure device with a guide and positioning structure. Background Technology

[0002] Sheet metal forming pressure equipment is widely used in industrial manufacturing fields such as automotive body panels, home appliance housings, aerospace skins, and architectural decorative panels. Its core function is to plastically deform metal or non-metal sheets within a mold cavity through the closing extrusion of upper and lower molds, thereby obtaining a preset three-dimensional spatial shape. When the pressure equipment extrudes and forms a sheet blank, the mold cavity usually only covers the final forming area of ​​the sheet, while the edges of the sheet are basically suspended during the mold closing process, lacking a guiding and positioning structure independent of the mold cavity to provide lateral restraint. As the upper mold continues to press down, the material in the central area of ​​the sheet undergoes intense plastic flow under compressive stress. At this time, the edge area, due to insufficient lateral restraint, is prone to irregular flow instability, such as local wrinkling, material accumulation, or excessive thinning, or even edge curling or displacement, resulting in uneven edge contours and shape deviations exceeding the design tolerance range of the final formed part. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a sheet metal forming pressure device with a guide and positioning structure, which can apply stable guide and positioning constraints to the edge area of ​​the sheet metal during the extrusion forming process, so as to suppress the influence of irregular flow on the sheet metal structure forming.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0005] This invention discloses a sheet metal forming pressure device with a guide and positioning structure, comprising a pressure block and a support block disposed below the pressure block for supporting the sheet metal. A concave hole is formed at the center of the upper surface of the support block, and a convex surface is formed within the concave hole. The cross-sectional area of ​​the pressure block is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the concave hole. The upper end face of the support block forms a support surface, and the lower end face of the pressure block forms a concave surface that mates with the convex surface. Upper steps are formed on the lower end face of the pressure block on both sides of the concave surface, and lower steps are formed inside the concave hole on both sides of the convex surface. The upper and lower steps combine to form a limiting space. Multiple sets of limiting blocks are evenly spaced along the length of the sheet metal within the limiting space. V-shaped limiting grooves are formed on the sides of the limiting blocks, with the openings of the limiting grooves facing the edge of the sheet metal. Guide and positioning components for supporting the edge of the sheet metal are installed within the limiting grooves.

[0006] Furthermore, the inner side of the limiting block is provided with a sliding groove and an opening groove. The opening groove is opened on the limiting groove. The guide positioning component includes an elastic support, a sliding support, a rotating shaft, and a vertical rotating roller. The sliding support is slidably installed in the sliding groove. The sliding support is connected to the limiting block through the elastic support. At least one set of elastic supports is arranged vertically. A rotating shaft is installed on the sliding support. The rotating shaft is slidably installed in the opening groove. After the rotating shaft extends out of the opening groove, it is coaxially rotatably connected to the vertical rotating roller. The vertical rotating roller contacts the edge of the plate.

[0007] Furthermore, the elastic support includes multiple arc-shaped spring plates stacked sequentially along the sliding direction of the sliding support. Each arc-shaped spring plate has the same width direction, with its top facing inward. The length of the arc-shaped spring plates gradually increases from the inside to the outside. The two ends of the longest arc-shaped spring plate are hinged to the limiting block. A limiting sleeve is installed on the outer side of the arc-shaped spring plate, and a locking member for connecting the sliding support is installed in the middle of the arc-shaped spring plate.

[0008] Furthermore, a T-shaped slider is fixed to the bottom of the limiting block. The T-shaped slider is slidably set in a T-shaped groove opened on the lower step. The T-shaped groove extends along the length of the plate. A guide rod is also installed on the support block. A guide hole is opened on the T-shaped slider to slide with the guide rod. A damping support spring is installed between two adjacent T-shaped sliders.

[0009] Furthermore, a support ring is slidably provided on the outer side of the pressure block. The support ring is connected to the pressure block through a vertical support spring. The support ring cooperates with the support surface to clamp the sheet material during molding.

[0010] Furthermore, multiple first fixed supports are evenly spaced along the length of the board on the side wall of the upper step, and a first horizontal rotating roller is installed on the first fixed support. Multiple second fixed supports are evenly spaced along the length of the board on the side wall of the lower step, and a second horizontal rotating roller is installed on the second fixed support. The first horizontal rotating roller and the second horizontal rotating roller are respectively arranged on the upper and lower sides of the board.

[0011] Furthermore, the support block includes a support body with a groove in the center. Multiple support units are arranged side by side in the groove. The upper end of each support unit forms an arc-shaped surface, and the support body near the groove forms a transition surface. The arc-shaped surfaces of the multiple support units and the transition surface combine to form the convex surface. Adjacent support units slide vertically together. A hydraulic cylinder is installed at the bottom of each support unit. The hydraulic cylinders are installed in the groove. When the sheet material is squeezed, the hydraulic cylinders are activated sequentially from the inside to the outside to provide support.

[0012] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0013] This invention discloses a sheet metal forming pressure device with a guide and positioning structure. The limiting space can release stress at the edge of the sheet metal, reducing the occurrence of wrinkles. During the outward extrusion and flow of the sheet metal edge, the edge contacts the wall of the V-shaped limiting groove and is guided by the groove, thus regulating its outward extension direction and preventing edge curling. When the sheet metal edge is extruded to contact the guide and positioning component, stable guiding and positioning constraints can be applied to its edge area during the sheet metal extrusion forming process to suppress the influence of irregular flow on the sheet metal structure forming and improve the forming quality of the sheet metal. Attached Figure Description

[0014] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and beneficial effects of this invention clearer, the following figures are provided for illustration:

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0017] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the limiting block.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a structural schematic diagram of the elastic support component;

[0019] Figure 5 This is a structural schematic diagram of the support unit.

[0020] The following are the markings in the attached diagram: 1. Pressure block; 2. Support block; 3. Concave hole; 4. Convex surface; 5. Support surface; 6. Concave surface; 7. Upper step; 8. Lower step; 9. Limiting space; 10. Limiting block; 11. Limiting groove; 12. Sliding groove; 13. Opening groove; 14. Elastic support; 15. Sliding support; 16. Rotating shaft; 17. Vertical rotating roller; 18. Arc-shaped spring sheet; 19. Limiting sleeve; 20. Locking component; 21. T-shaped slider; 22. T-shaped groove; 23. Guide rod; 24. Damping support spring; 25. Support ring; 26. Vertical support spring; 27. First fixed support; 28. First horizontal rotating roller; 29. ​​Second fixed support; 30. Second horizontal rotating roller; 31. Support body; 32. Groove; 33. Support unit; 34. Arc-shaped surface; 35. Transition surface; 36. Hydraulic cylinder. Detailed Implementation

[0021] like Figures 1-5As shown, the present invention discloses a sheet metal forming pressure device with a guide and positioning structure, including a pressure block 1 and a support block 2 disposed below the pressure block 1 for supporting the sheet metal. It can be understood that the pressure block 1 is connected to a hydraulic press. In normal use, the sheet metal to be stamped is clamped between the support block 2 and the pressure block 1. The sheet metal is supported by the upper surface of the support block 2. Then the hydraulic press starts the pressure block 1 to press down and stamp out the required shape. The above stamping method is basically the prior art, which can be understood by those skilled in the art.

[0022] A recessed hole 3 is formed at the center of the upper surface of the support block 2, and a convex surface 4 is formed inside the recessed hole 3. The cross-sectional area of ​​the pressure block 1 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the recessed hole 3, so that the pressure block 1 can be embedded in it during the extrusion of the sheet material. A support surface 5 is formed on the upper end surface of the support block 2, and a concave surface 6 is formed on the lower end surface of the pressure block 1 to cooperate with the convex surface 4. The convex surface 4 and the concave surface 6 are adapted to the shape of the formed sheet material.

[0023] Among them, upper steps 7 are formed on the lower end face of the pressure block 1 on both sides of the concave surface 6, and lower steps 8 are formed inside the concave hole 3 on both sides of the convex surface 4. The upper steps 7 and lower steps 8 are combined to form a limiting space 9. The two limiting spaces 9 are located on both sides of the plate edge. The limiting space 9 can release the stress on the plate edge. Compared with the existing technology, it changes the extreme state of the plate edge being completely pressed or free and unrestrained in traditional stamping, so that the edge material has a controllable lateral flow margin when it is squeezed, thereby significantly reducing the edge accumulation and wrinkling problems caused by material volume conservation.

[0024] Multiple sets of limiting blocks 10 are evenly spaced along the length of the sheet material within the limiting space 9. Each limiting block 10 has a V-shaped limiting groove 11 on its side, with the opening of the groove facing the edge of the sheet material. A guide positioning element for supporting the edge of the sheet material is installed within the limiting groove 11. When the edge of the sheet material is extruded and flows outwards, it contacts the wall of the V-shaped limiting groove 11 and is guided by the groove, thus regulating its outward extension direction and preventing edge curling. When the edge of the sheet material is extruded to contact the guide positioning element, a stable guiding and positioning constraint can be applied to its edge area during the sheet material extrusion molding process, suppressing the influence of irregular flow on the sheet material structure and improving the molding quality of the sheet material.

[0025] This invention designs a guide positioning component that can form a stable contact with the edge of the sheet metal in the later stages of stamping. This transforms the originally uncontrollable free edge flow into a controlled displacement along a predetermined direction. This not only ensures the forming accuracy of the main structure of the sheet metal under the precise cooperation of the convex surface 4 and the concave surface 6, but also improves the uniformity of stress distribution on the entire sheet surface through edge constraints. This results in a simultaneous improvement in the geometric accuracy and surface flatness of the formed part, and is especially suitable for stamping large thin sheet metal parts made of easily springback materials such as high-strength steel and aluminum alloy.

[0026] As a further improvement of this embodiment of the invention, the inner side of the limiting block 10 is provided with a sliding groove 12 and an opening groove 13. The opening groove 13 is opened on the limiting groove 11. The guide positioning component includes an elastic support 14, a sliding support 15, a rotating shaft 16, and a vertical rotating roller 17. The sliding support 15 is slidably installed in the sliding groove 12. With the length direction of the plate as the longitudinal direction, the sliding support 15 can slide along the transverse direction. The sliding support 15 is connected to the limiting block 10 through the elastic support 14. At least one set of elastic support 14 is arranged vertically. The rotating shaft 16 is installed on the sliding support 15. The rotating shaft 16 is slidably installed in the opening groove 13. After the rotating shaft 16 extends out of the opening groove 13, it is coaxially rotatably connected to the vertical rotating roller 17. The vertical rotating roller 17 contacts the edge of the plate. The vertical rotating roller 17 contacts the edge of the plate with its circumferential surface, converting sliding friction into rolling friction, which greatly reduces the frictional resistance during the edge flow process and avoids the generation of micro-cracks or surface scratches on the edge due to severe scraping.

[0027] The sliding support 15 of the present invention can slide laterally in the groove 12. With the recovery resistance provided by the elastic support 14, the contact pressure between the vertical rotating roller 17 and the edge of the plate is not rigid, but gradually increases with the increase of the outward flow of the plate.

[0028] In this embodiment, the elastic support 14 includes multiple arc-shaped spring sheets 18 stacked sequentially along the sliding direction of the sliding support 15. Each arc-shaped spring sheet 18 has the same width, with its top facing inwards. The length of each arc-shaped spring sheet 18 gradually increases from the inside out. The longest arc-shaped spring sheet 18 is hinged at both ends to the limiting block 10. A limiting sleeve 19 is installed on the outer side of each arc-shaped spring sheet 18, and a locking member 20 for connecting the sliding support 15 is installed in the middle of each arc-shaped spring sheet 18. The longer outer spring sheet undergoes bending deformation first, providing initial, gentler support. As the compression increases, the shorter inner spring sheet gradually participates in bearing the load, resulting in a gradient increase in the overall elastic modulus. This ensures sufficient stress release in the early stages of molding and guarantees the contour accuracy at the end of molding.

[0029] In this embodiment, a T-shaped slider 21 is fixed to the bottom of the limiting block 10. The T-shaped slider 21 is slidably disposed in a T-shaped groove 22 opened on the lower step 8. The T-shaped groove 22 extends along the length of the plate. A guide rod 23 is also installed on the support block 2. A guide hole is opened on the T-shaped slider 21 to slide with the guide rod 23. A damping support spring 24 is installed between two adjacent T-shaped sliders 21. When the edge of the plate contacts the vertical rotating roller 17, as the plate continues to flow outward, the vertical rotating roller 17 drives the sliding support 15 to move within the groove 12. After moving laterally to the limit, the longitudinal flow of the plate edge can simultaneously drive the limiting block 10 to move longitudinally, so that the guide positioning component can guide and position the plate edge longitudinally.

[0030] In this invention, the relative positions of adjacent limiting blocks 10 can be finely adjusted by compressing or stretching damping springs, thereby adaptively following the local deformation of the plate edge; the damping characteristics of the damping support spring 24 prevent the limiting blocks 10 from moving too freely, maintaining the stability of the overall constraint. When the plate edge flows laterally to its limit position, if the material still has a longitudinal flow tendency, the limiting blocks 10 can slide longitudinally accordingly, so that the vertical rotating roller 17 always guides the plate edge, avoiding the edge from leaving the guide range or generating additional bending torque due to longitudinal misalignment, thereby implementing continuous and stable positioning constraints on the plate edge throughout the entire molding cycle.

[0031] In this embodiment, a support ring 25 is slidably disposed on the outer side of the pressure block 1. The support ring 25 is connected to the pressure block 1 via a vertical support spring 26. The support ring 25 cooperates with the support surface 5 to clamp the sheet material during forming. When the hydraulic press drives the pressure block 1 downward, the support ring 25 first contacts the upper surface of the sheet material. An initial clamping force is applied by the vertical support spring 26, pre-pressing the outer area of ​​the sheet material onto the support surface 5 to prevent the sheet material from detaching from the support block 2. As the pressure block 1 continues to descend, the sheet material can detach from the support surface 5 and enter the concave hole 3, facilitating subsequent overall forming. The above structure can improve the stability of the sheet material during pressure forming.

[0032] As a further improvement of this embodiment of the invention, a plurality of first fixed supports 27 are evenly spaced along the length direction of the plate on the side wall of the upper step 7, and a first horizontal rotating roller 28 is installed on the first fixed support 27. A plurality of second fixed supports 29 are evenly spaced along the length direction of the plate on the side wall of the lower step 8, and a second horizontal rotating roller 30 is installed on the second fixed support 29. The first horizontal rotating roller 28 and the second horizontal rotating roller 30 are respectively arranged on the upper and lower sides of the plate.

[0033] The first horizontal rotating roller 28 contacts the upper surface of the plate edge from above, and the second horizontal rotating roller 30 contacts the lower surface of the plate edge from below. These two rollers form pairs of roller sets. When the plate edge flows outward within the limiting space 9, both the upper and lower surfaces of the plate are in rolling contact with the rotating rollers. This greatly reduces the sliding friction resistance in the thickness direction of the edge portion, preventing damage or scratches to the surface oxide film caused by frictional shearing forces. Simultaneously, the multiple sets of rotating rollers evenly spaced along the length ensure the continuity and consistency of the thickness constraint along the entire edge length, avoiding the generation of local instability points.

[0034] In this embodiment, the support block 2 includes a support body 31, a groove 32 is provided in the center of the support body 31, and multiple support units 33 are arranged side by side in the groove 32. The upper end of the support unit 33 forms an arc surface 34, and the support body 31 near the groove 32 forms a transition surface 35. The arc surface 34 and the transition surface 35 of the multiple support units 33 are combined to form the convex surface 4. Adjacent support units 33 are vertically slidingly engaged. A hydraulic cylinder 36 is installed at the bottom of each support unit 33. The hydraulic cylinder 36 is installed in the groove 32. When the plate is squeezed, the hydraulic cylinder 36 is activated sequentially from the inside to the outside to provide support.

[0035] In this invention, each support unit 33 can slide independently vertically, so that during the forming process, the supporting force on the bottom of the sheet is not applied all at once, but is applied in a gradient manner by sequentially activating the hydraulic cylinders 36 from the inside out. The center of the sheet first conforms to the concave surface 6 and undergoes pre-bending. As the pressure block 1 continues to press down, the outer support units 33 are lifted one after another, gradually expanding the deformation area from the center outward. The sequential support effectively controls the flow sequence of the material, that is, the inner material deforms first and consumes excess volume first, while the outer material deforms subsequently and flows orderly towards the edge limiting space 9, avoiding the flow disorder and local thinning problems caused by the simultaneous competition for material volume between the inner and outer areas.

Claims

1. A sheet metal forming pressure device with a guide and positioning structure, characterized in that: The device includes a pressure block and a support block positioned below the pressure block to support the sheet material. A concave hole is formed at the center of the upper surface of the support block, and a convex surface is formed within the concave hole. The cross-sectional area of ​​the pressure block is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the concave hole. The upper end face of the support block forms a support surface, and the lower end face of the pressure block forms a concave surface that mates with the convex surface. Upper steps are formed on the lower end face of the pressure block on both sides of the concave surface, and lower steps are formed inside the concave hole on both sides of the convex surface. The upper and lower steps combine to form a limiting space. Multiple sets of limiting blocks are evenly spaced along the length of the sheet material within the limiting space. V-shaped limiting grooves are formed on the sides of the limiting blocks, with the openings of the limiting grooves facing the edge of the sheet material. Guide positioning components for supporting the edge of the sheet material are installed within the limiting grooves.

2. The sheet metal forming pressure device with a guide and positioning structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner side of the limiting block is provided with a sliding groove and an opening groove. The opening groove is opened on the limiting groove. The guide positioning component includes an elastic support, a sliding support, a rotating shaft, and a vertical rotating roller. The sliding support is slidably installed in the sliding groove. The sliding support is connected to the limiting block through the elastic support. At least one set of elastic supports is arranged vertically. A rotating shaft is installed on the sliding support. The rotating shaft is slidably installed in the opening groove. After the rotating shaft extends out of the opening groove, it is coaxially rotatably connected to the vertical rotating roller. The vertical rotating roller contacts the edge of the plate.

3. The sheet metal forming pressure device with a guide and positioning structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The elastic support includes multiple arc-shaped spring plates stacked sequentially along the sliding direction of the sliding support. The width of each arc-shaped spring plate is the same, the top of the arc-shaped spring plate faces inward, and the length of the arc-shaped spring plate gradually increases from the inside to the outside. The two ends of the longest arc-shaped spring plate are hinged to the limiting block. A limiting sleeve is installed on the outer side of the arc-shaped spring plate, and a locking member for connecting the sliding support is installed in the middle of the arc-shaped spring plate.

4. The sheet metal forming pressure device with a guide and positioning structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The bottom of the limiting block is fixed with a T-shaped slider, which is slidably set in a T-shaped groove opened on the lower step. The T-shaped groove extends along the length of the plate. A guide rod is also installed on the support block. A guide hole is opened on the T-shaped slider to slide with the guide rod. A damping support spring is installed between two adjacent T-shaped sliders.

5. The sheet metal forming pressure device with a guide and positioning structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A support ring is slidably provided on the outer side of the pressure block. The support ring is connected to the pressure block through a vertical support spring. The support ring cooperates with the support surface to clamp the sheet material during molding.

6. A sheet metal forming pressure device with a guide and positioning structure according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: Multiple first fixed supports are evenly spaced along the length of the board on the side wall of the upper step, and a first horizontal rotating roller is installed on the first fixed support. Multiple second fixed supports are evenly spaced along the length of the board on the side wall of the lower step, and a second horizontal rotating roller is installed on the second fixed support. The first horizontal rotating roller and the second horizontal rotating roller are respectively arranged on the upper and lower sides of the board.

7. The sheet metal forming pressure device with a guide and positioning structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The support block includes a support body with a groove in the center. Multiple support units are arranged side by side in the groove. The upper end of each support unit forms an arc-shaped surface. The support body near the groove forms a transition surface. The arc-shaped surfaces of the multiple support units and the transition surface combine to form the convex surface. Adjacent support units slide vertically together. A hydraulic cylinder is installed at the bottom of each support unit. The hydraulic cylinders are installed in the groove. When the sheet material is squeezed, the hydraulic cylinders are activated sequentially from the inside to the outside to provide support.

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