A process and apparatus for forming a tooth

Abstract

The application discloses a forming process and equipment of a bucket tooth, wherein the forming process comprises the following steps: S10, forging a metal blank to obtain a bucket tooth blank, the bucket tooth blank comprising a tooth part and a tail part with an assembly space; S20, utilizing forging residual heat to keep the bucket tooth blank in a hot workability state, punching both sides of the tail part to form an opening penetrating through the both sides; S30, overall cooling and setting of the bucket tooth blank; S40, heating a single side of the tail part to restore the hot workability of the single side; S50, extruding the position of the single side close to the opening; and S60, post-processing of the extruded bucket tooth blank to obtain a finished product of the bucket tooth.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of parts manufacturing technology, and more specifically to a forming process and equipment for bucket teeth. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, bucket teeth are commonly used wear-resistant connecting parts in construction machinery such as excavators. Bucket teeth and other wear-resistant connecting parts usually need to withstand large impact loads, abrasive wear, and alternating stress. Therefore, they have high requirements for the internal density of the material, the continuity of the structure, and the structural precision of the connecting parts.

[0003] However, the existing manufacturing methods for bucket teeth mostly adopt casting. Although it is relatively easy to obtain complex shapes, the casting process is prone to generating structural defects such as porosity, shrinkage, and inclusions inside the parts, which leads to a decrease in the overall strength of the parts. Under high loads, they are prone to early cracking or fatigue failure, making it difficult to meet the harsh working conditions.

[0004] Therefore, improving the overall strength of the bucket teeth has become an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a forming process and equipment for bucket teeth to improve the overall strength of bucket teeth.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted in this application is as follows: a forming process for bucket teeth is provided, comprising: step S10: forging a metal billet to obtain a bucket tooth blank, the bucket tooth blank including a tooth portion and a tail portion having an assembly space; step S20: using the residual heat of forging to keep the bucket tooth blank in a hot workable state, punching holes in the double side walls of the tail portion to form openings penetrating the double side walls; step S30: cooling and shaping the bucket tooth blank as a whole; step S40: heating one side wall of the tail portion to restore the hot workability of the one side wall; step S50: extruding the one side wall near the opening; step S60: post-processing the extruded bucket tooth blank to obtain the finished bucket tooth.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment, step S10 further includes step S11: extruding and pre-forging the metal billet to form a pre-forged part, the pre-forged part having a symmetrical toothed part, the top and bottom surfaces of the toothed part being symmetrical, and the top and bottom surfaces of the toothed part being provided with raised ribs; step S12: forging the pre-forged part to form the tail portion having the assembly space, at which point the bucket tooth blank is obtained, the bucket tooth blank having an overall symmetrical structure.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment, step S10 further includes step S13: integrally forging grooves on both sides of the inner wall of the assembly space at the tail, and the opening is opened at the bottom of the groove.

[0009] As another preferred embodiment, the groove starts from the opening of the tail assembly space and extends in the direction toward the teeth. The groove includes a first groove segment near the opening and a second groove segment near the teeth. The width of the second groove segment is smaller than the width of the first groove segment. The first groove segment and the second groove segment are connected by an arc-shaped transition section.

[0010] As another preferred embodiment, step S50 further includes step S51: radially countersinking the opening located at the second groove segment on the single-sided wall to form a countersinking step structure around the opening in the single-sided wall.

[0011] In a further preferred embodiment, during step S20, the punching device feeds radially along the tail end during the punching process, punching through the double side walls in a single pass to form the opening that penetrates the assembly space.

[0012] Further preferably, the opening includes a first opening and a second opening, wherein the cross-sectional area of ​​the first opening is different from the cross-sectional area of ​​the second opening.

[0013] Furthermore, this application also provides a forming device for bucket teeth, which is applicable to the forming process of bucket teeth described in any one of the above. The forming device includes: a punching device, a heating device, and an extrusion device. The punching device is used to punch the tail of the bucket tooth blank to form an opening that penetrates the double side walls of the tail. The heating device is provided with a local heating end that matches the single side wall of the tail, and is used to induction heat the single side wall to restore its hot workability. The extrusion device is used to extrude and form the area of ​​the opening in the heated single side wall to obtain a countersunk step structure.

[0014] Preferably, the punching device includes a fixed base, a first punch, and a second punch; the fixed base is used to fix and cooperate with the assembly space of the tail to fix and limit the position of the bucket tooth blank; the first punch and the second punch are disposed opposite to each other on the outer sides of the double side walls of the tail; wherein, the first punch and the second punch punch synchronously towards each other, and a single punching forms the opening penetrating the double side walls of the tail.

[0015] Preferably, the extrusion device includes a base, a limiting seat, and a pressure head. The limiting seat is connected to the base and is horizontally arranged. The limiting seat is used to extend into the assembly space of the tail to achieve positioning and engagement of the bucket tooth blank. A forming part is protruding on the limiting seat. The pressure head is located above the limiting seat and can reciprocate in the vertical direction. The pressure head applies pressure vertically downward to the end of the opening, cooperating with the forming part to form the countersunk hole step structure around the side of the opening facing the forming part.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application are as follows: The bucket teeth are integrally forged, giving them a dense internal structure and continuous metal flow lines. This avoids defects such as porosity, shrinkage, and inclusions that are common in casting, thus improving the strength and toughness of the bucket teeth. Simultaneously, the openings are formed by stamping using residual heat from forging. At this stage, the material is still in a high-temperature plastic state with low resistance and a small punching load. A single stamping operation can create an opening penetrating both walls, resulting in high production efficiency and effectively reducing machining steps, saving time. For subsequent extrusion processing, local heating and extrusion forming on one side of the wall concentrate heating and deformation in the necessary areas, avoiding the adverse effects of overall heat treatment and machining. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a metal billet.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the pre-forged part.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the bucket tooth blank.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a structural schematic diagram of the bucket tooth blank from another perspective.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure when punching holes in a bucket tooth blank.

[0022] Figure 6 Another structural diagram for punching holes in a bucket tooth blank.

[0023] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure during the heating of the bucket tooth blank.

[0024] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure when machining a countersunk hole step structure for a bucket tooth blank.

[0025] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the punching device.

[0026] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the extrusion device.

[0027] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the bucket teeth from an isometric perspective.

[0028] Figure 12 This is a structural schematic diagram of the bucket tooth from the main viewpoint.

[0029] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a bucket tooth from a top-down view.

[0030] Figure 14 for Figure 13 Side sectional view along the AA direction.

[0031] Figure 15 for Figure 13 Side sectional view along the BB direction.

[0032] In the figure: 1. Metal billet; 2. Pre-forged part; 3. Bucket tooth billet; 4. Bucket tooth; 10. Tooth section; 20. Tail section; 21. Assembly space; 22. Groove; 221. First groove section; 222. Second groove section; 223. Arc-shaped transition section; 23. Countersunk hole step structure; 30. Opening; 31. First opening; 32. Second opening; 40. Punching device; 41. Fixing seat; 42. First punch; 43. Second punch; 50. Heating device; 60. Extrusion device; 61. Base; 62. Limiting seat; 621. Forming part; 63. Press head; 70. Rib; 80. Concave surface; 90. Wall. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The present application will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be noted that, without conflict, the various embodiments or technical features described below can be arbitrarily combined to form new embodiments.

[0034] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the directional terms such as "center", "lateral", "longitudinal", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", and "counterclockwise" indicate the orientation and positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. They should not be construed as limiting the specific protection scope of this application.

[0035] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification and claims of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence.

[0036] The terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, in the specification and claims of this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, for example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units that are explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not explicitly listed or that are inherent to such process, method, product, or device.

[0037] Example 1: In a preferred embodiment, see Figures 1 to 8 ,as well as Figure 11 This application provides a forming process for a bucket tooth 4, including: Step S10: Forging a metal billet 1, the metal billet 1 is generally made of round or square steel that has been smelted and rolled, and round steel is preferred in this application to obtain a bucket tooth blank 3, the bucket tooth blank 3 including a tooth portion 10 and a tail portion 20 having an assembly space 21; wherein step S10 specifically includes step S11: Extruding and pre-forging the metal billet 1 to form a pre-forged part 2, the pre-forged part 2 having a symmetrical tooth portion 10, the top and bottom surfaces of the tooth portion 10 are symmetrical, and the top and bottom surfaces of the tooth portion 10 are provided with raised ribs 70. Specifically, during the extrusion and pre-forging process, the oxide scale on the surface of the metal billet 1 is simultaneously removed. The oxide scale is removed to reduce its impact on the surface quality of subsequent forging. The raised rib 70 is a strip-shaped structure that protrudes from the surface of the tooth 10 and is arranged along the length of the tooth 10 to enhance the local rigidity of the tooth 10. After the pre-forging is completed, the pre-forged part 2 is forged and shaped to form the tail 20 with the assembly space 21 to obtain the bucket tooth blank 3. During the subsequent forging, step S12 is also included: the shape of the tooth 10 of the pre-forged part 2 is further refined, and the tail 20 is formed into the assembly space 21 through the mold cavity. The bucket tooth blank 3 is symmetrical in structure, that is, the tooth 10 is symmetrical from top to bottom, and the two side walls 90 of the tail 20 are also basically symmetrical, which facilitates the subsequent simultaneous punching and extrusion on both sides. Pre-forging removes oxide scale, preventing it from being pressed into the metal during subsequent forging and forming inclusions, thus improving the surface and internal quality of the forging. The tooth 10 of the pre-forged part 2 is provided with raised ribs 70, which can improve the structural strength of the tooth 10 and play a role in material distribution during final forging. The bucket tooth blank 3 is symmetrical as a whole, which is conducive to positioning and uniform stress during subsequent processing and ensures the accuracy of the opening 30.

[0038] Furthermore, step S10 also includes step S13: that is, during the forging process to obtain the bucket tooth blank 3, grooves 22 are integrally forged on both sides of the inner wall of the assembly space 21 of the tail 20. The grooves 22 are formed in concave areas on the inner wall of the tail 20 by the forging die, without the need for subsequent machining. The grooves 22 are concave relative to the inner wall surface of the assembly space 21 of the tail 20, and the grooves 22 on the two sides of the inner wall are arranged opposite to each other. The opening 30 is opened at the bottom of the groove 22. In specific implementation, a boss is set on the corresponding core of the forging die. When the metal blank 1 is formed into the tail 20 in the die, the boss on the core is pressed into the inner wall of the tail 20, so that the inner wall of the tail 20 forms the groove 22. The bottom of the groove 22 provides a positioning reference and a thinner wall thickness area for subsequent punching, which is beneficial for material separation during punching, reduces punching force, and ensures the accurate position of the opening 30.

[0039] Preferably, the groove 22 starts from the opening of the assembly space 21 at the tail 20 and extends in the direction toward the tooth 10. The groove 22 includes a first groove segment 221 near the opening and a second groove segment 222 near the tooth 10. The width of the second groove segment 222 is smaller than the width of the first groove segment 221. The first groove segment 221 and the second groove segment 222 are connected by an arc-shaped transition segment 223. The function of the arc-shaped transition segment 223 is to ensure that the width of the groove 22 does not change abruptly when transitioning from the first groove segment 221 to the second groove segment 222. The groove width does not decrease abruptly, but gradually narrows through an arc-shaped profile, thus avoiding stress concentration at the transition point. Specifically, the first groove segment 221 is located on the side of the tail 20 near the opening, with a relatively large width, facilitating the entry and positioning of the structure connecting the bucket teeth 4 into the assembly space 21. The second groove segment 222 is located on the side near the teeth 10, with a relatively small width, used to define the position of the opening 30 in the narrower groove bottom area. The arc-shaped transition section 223 is an arc or a similar curve shape, with its curvature determined according to the forging die surface. The groove 22 is designed with the first groove segment 221 being wider and the second groove segment 222 being narrower, satisfying positioning requirements while concentrating the opening 30 in the narrower area of ​​the second groove segment 222, which is beneficial for controlling the position of the opening 30. The arc-shaped transition section 223 avoids abrupt changes in groove width, reducing material flow resistance and stress concentration during forging, and improving the structural integrity of the forging.

[0040] Step S20: Utilizing the residual heat from forging, the bucket tooth blank 3 is kept in a hot-workable state. Punching is then performed on the double-sided walls 90 of the tail section 20 to form an opening 30 penetrating the double-sided walls 90. Since the bucket tooth blank 3 is still at a high temperature after forging, it possesses good plasticity and low deformation resistance. Punching at this point avoids reheating. In practice, the bucket tooth blank 3 is transferred from the forging station to the punching station, maintaining the blank within the punchable temperature range during the transfer. During punching, the punching device 40 feeds radially along the tail section 20, punching through the double-sided walls 90 in a single pass to form an opening 30 penetrating the assembly space 21.

[0041] Furthermore, the formed opening 30 includes a first opening 31 and a second opening 32. The first opening 31 is located on one side wall 90, and the second opening 32 is located on the other side wall 90. The cross-sectional area of ​​the first opening 31 is different from that of the second opening 32. The first opening 31 and the second opening 32 respectively serve different functions in the pin assembly process. The first opening 31 is used for the insertion end of the pin to pass through and for limiting the pin head or locking structure. The second opening 32 is used for the other end of the pin to cooperate with the fixing structure to achieve axial locking of the pin. The two openings 30 have different cross-sectional areas, so that the pin can be effectively limited on one side and locked on the other side after installation, preventing the pin from coming out axially, thereby improving the reliability of the connection between the bucket tooth 4 and the tooth seat and meeting the fixing requirements of the bucket tooth 4 during use.

[0042] In step S30: The bucket tooth blank 3 is subjected to overall cooling and shaping, and laser edge trimming is performed. Overall cooling and shaping reduces the bucket tooth blank 3 from a high temperature to a lower temperature, stabilizing the material structure and fixing the dimensions to prevent deformation during subsequent processing. Laser edge trimming is used to remove flash or excess material generated during forging. By cutting along the contour of the bucket tooth blank 3 with a laser, neat edges are obtained. In practice, the bucket tooth blank 3 can be placed in a cooling medium or cooled naturally. After cooling, laser cutting is performed. The laser beam scans along the parting surface or flash area of ​​the blank to remove excess metal. Overall cooling and shaping can release residual stress, stabilize the dimensions of the blank, and provide a reference for subsequent local heating and extrusion. Laser edge trimming has high precision and low heat-affected zone, effectively removing flash and maintaining the integrity of the shape of the bucket tooth blank 3.

[0043] Furthermore, in step S40: the single-sided wall 90 of the tail 20 is heated to restore the hot workability of the single-sided wall 90. This step only targets one side wall 90 of the tail 20, rather than heating the entire bucket tooth blank 3. The purpose is to restore the hot workability in the local area that needs to be extruded and formed, while reducing the thermal impact on other parts and improving the forming accuracy.

[0044] Then, in step S50: the single-sided wall 90 is extruded and formed near the opening 30; specifically, step S50 also includes step S51: the opening 30 located at the second groove segment 222 on the single-sided wall 90 is radially countersunk and extruded, so that a countersunk step structure 23 is formed around the opening 30 in the single-sided wall 90.

[0045] Specifically, the countersunk hole stepped structure 23 is formed on the opening 30 at the second groove segment 222. The second groove segment 222 itself has a narrow groove width, and the openings 30 are concentrated. During extrusion, the radial flow range of the metal is restricted by the sidewall of the groove 22, making the formed stepped structure more compact and the dimensional accuracy easier to control. At the same time, since the bucket tooth blank 3 is obtained by forging as a whole, its internal metal flow lines are continuous, the grains are fine, and the structure is dense. Radial countersunk extrusion at the opening 30 causes the metal flow lines around the hole end to redistribute along the countersunk hole stepped structure 23, rather than being destroyed by cutting, thereby significantly improving the efficiency. This process improves the fatigue resistance and load-bearing capacity of the area. Compared with the cast bucket tooth 4, the casting is prone to defects such as porosity, shrinkage, and inclusions. Especially in the area where the wall thickness changes in the hole, the casting structure is loose, and the pin connection is prone to cracks or deformation during use. This process uses forging and extrusion molding, which has high processing efficiency and high material utilization. At the same time, it keeps the structure of the countersunk hole step structure 23 dense and has high dimensional accuracy, eliminating the hidden dangers of casting defects. This allows the opening 30 to achieve stable cooperation with the pin or locking part, improving the reliability of the connection between the tail 20 of the bucket tooth 4 and the tooth seat.

[0046] Finally, in step S60: the extruded bucket tooth blank 3 undergoes post-processing to obtain the finished bucket tooth 4. Post-processing may include necessary steps such as removing minor burrs generated during extrusion, surface cleaning, and dimensional inspection. In specific implementation, shot blasting, grinding, and finishing methods can be used to treat the surface of the bucket tooth blank 3 as needed to eliminate surface defects that may be left by previous processing, ensure the consistency of the appearance and dimensions of the finished bucket tooth 4, and make the finished product meet the surface quality requirements and usage requirements.

[0047] Example 2: This embodiment also provides a forming device for the bucket teeth 4, see [link to documentation]. Figures 5 to 10 The forming equipment is suitable for the forming process of the bucket teeth 4 in any of the above-mentioned methods. The forming equipment includes a punching device 40, a heating device 50, and an extrusion device 60. The punching device 40 is used to punch the tail 20 of the bucket tooth blank 3 to form an opening 30 through the double side wall 90 of the tail 20. The heating device 50 is provided with a local heating end that matches the single side wall 90 of the tail 20, and is used to induction heat the single side wall 90 to restore its hot workability. The extrusion device 60 is used to extrude and form the opening 30 area of ​​the heated single side wall 90 to obtain a countersunk hole stepped structure 23.

[0048] In its specific implementation, the bucket tooth blank 3 is first obtained through a forging process, then the punching device 40 completes the hole 30 processing of the double side wall 90, then the heating device 50 locally heats the single side wall 90, and finally the extrusion device 60 processes the countersunk hole step structure 23 in the hole 30 area. This forming equipment integrates punching, local heating and extrusion functions, and the processes between the devices are closely connected, which can efficiently complete the forming of the hole structure of the tail 20 of the bucket tooth 4, improve production efficiency and product quality.

[0049] Furthermore, the punching device 40 includes a fixed base 41, a first punch 42, and a second punch 43. The fixed base 41 is used to fix and cooperate with the assembly space 21 of the tail 20 to fix and limit the position of the bucket tooth blank 3. The first punch 42 and the second punch 43 are arranged opposite to each other on the outer sides of the double side walls 90 of the tail 20. The first punch 42 and the second punch 43 punch towards each other synchronously, forming an opening 30 through the double side walls 90 of the tail 20 in a single punching operation. When the punching device 40 is working, the fixed base 41 is inserted into the assembly space 21, and the hole is fixed by... The shape of the base 41 engages with the groove 22 within the assembly space 21, restricting the movement and rotation of the bucket tooth blank 3 during the punching process. The first punch 42 and the second punch 43 are driven by a hydraulic cylinder or mechanical drive mechanism, advancing synchronously from both sides towards the center. Because the first punch 42 and the second punch 43 are positioned opposite each other and move synchronously, the forces on both sides of the wall 90 are balanced during punching, avoiding bending deformation of the wall 90 caused by unilateral punching. After the front end of the punch passes through the wall 90, it enters the groove 22 area and engages with the corresponding hole on the fixed base 41 to complete the punching. By punching synchronously on both sides, the coaxiality of the opening 30 is ensured, reducing the deformation of the wall 90. The opening 30 of both sides of the wall 90 can be completed in a single punching, improving production efficiency. Moreover, the fixed base 41 is reliably fixed, ensuring accurate punching position.

[0050] In the above-mentioned punching process, the formed opening 30 includes a first opening 31 and a second opening 32. The first opening 31 is located on one side wall 90, and the second opening 32 is located on the other side wall 90. That is, the first opening 31 and the second opening 32 with different cross-sectional areas are punched out by the different shapes of the first punch 42 and the second punch 43.

[0051] Furthermore, the extrusion device 60 includes a base 61, a limiting seat 62, and a pressure head 63. The limiting seat 62 is connected to the base 61 and is horizontally arranged. The limiting seat 62 is used to extend into the assembly space 21 of the tail 20 to achieve positioning and engagement of the bucket tooth blank 3. A forming part 621 protrudes from the limiting seat 62. The pressure head 63 is located above the limiting seat 62 and can reciprocate in the vertical direction. The pressure head 63 applies pressure vertically downward to the end of the opening 30 and cooperates with the forming part 621 to form a countersunk hole step structure 23 around the side of the opening 30 facing the forming part 621. In specific implementation, the base 61 is fixedly installed on the workbench, and the limiting seat 62 extends horizontally from one side of the base 61. Its length and cross-sectional shape match the assembly space 21. The bucket tooth blank 3 is mounted on the limiting seat 62, which supports the double side walls 90 and keeps them horizontal. The forming part 621 on the upper surface of the limiting seat 62 is located directly below the opening 30 to be processed. The forming part 621 is a stepped boss. The pressure head 63 is located above the opening 30 and is coaxially arranged with the forming part 621. When the pressure head 63 moves downward, the gap between the end face of the pressure head 63 and the end face of the forming part 621 gradually decreases, causing radial plastic flow of the metal around the opening end of the opening 30, forming a countersunk hole stepped structure 23. After extrusion, the pressure head 63 moves upward and removes the bucket tooth blank 3. The extrusion device 60 has a compact structure, using the limiting seat 62 to achieve horizontal positioning, and the pressure head 63 moves vertically to provide extrusion force. The forming part 621 and the pressure head 63 work together to precisely control the shape and size of the countersunk hole stepped structure 23, ensuring the extrusion quality.

[0052] In the aforementioned forming equipment, the punching device 40 and the extrusion device 60 can be set independently or connected by a conveying mechanism to achieve assembly line operation. The heating device 50 is set between the punching device 40 and the extrusion device 60 to locally heat the single-sided wall 90 after punching. The heating device 50 adopts induction heating. The local heating end can be designed as a ring or a flat plate according to the shape of the single-sided wall 90 to cover the area around the opening 30 that needs to be heated. In specific implementation, the heating end is close to the outer surface of the single-sided wall 90, and the induced current generates Joule heat inside the wall 90, causing the wall 90 to heat up to the hot working temperature in a short time. Since only the single-sided wall 90 is heated, the other side wall 90 and the teeth 10 remain at a lower temperature, reducing the risk of deformation.

[0053] In the specific implementation of the forming process of the bucket tooth 4, a reasonable sequence and connection should be maintained between each process. After forging, the bucket tooth blank 3 directly enters the punching process in the residual heat state to make full use of the residual heat. After punching, the bucket tooth blank 3 is cooled and shaped as a whole and laser-cut to stabilize the shape and remove the flash. Then, the single-sided wall 90 is locally induction heated, and then the countersunk hole step structure 23 is formed by the extrusion device 60. Finally, the finished product is obtained by post-processing.

[0054] Example 3: This embodiment also provides a forged bucket tooth 4, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figures 11 to 15 The bucket tooth 4 is an integral metal component manufactured using the aforementioned forging process. The bucket tooth 4 includes a tooth 10 and a tail 20 located at the same position as the bucket tooth blank 3. The tooth 10 is located at the front end of the bucket tooth 4 and is the part that directly participates in the digging work. The tail 20 has an assembly space 21 for forging.

[0055] The overall length L of the forged bucket tooth 4 is preferably 300 mm, wherein the extension length L1 of the tooth 10 along the length direction of the bucket tooth 4 is 185 mm, and the extension length L2 of the tail 20 along the length direction of the bucket tooth 4 is 115 mm. The length of the tooth 10 is greater than the length of the tail 20. The proportion of the tooth 10 to the overall length is about 61.7%, and the proportion of the tail 20 to the overall length is about 38.3%.

[0056] Specifically, the tail section 20 has two opposing walls 90, located on opposite sides of the assembly space 21. Each wall 90 has a groove 22 integrally forged on one side of the assembly space 21, meaning each wall 90 has a groove 22 on its inner wall facing the assembly space 21. The two grooves 22 are opposite to each other and correspond in position. The tail section 20 also has an opening 30 penetrating the two walls 90. The axis of the opening 30 extends along the thickness direction of the two walls 90, and both ends of the opening 30 open onto the outer surfaces of the two walls 90. The opening 30 passes through the area where the two grooves 22 are located, making the opening 30 and the grooves 22 spatially interconnected. The grooves 22 and the opening 30 are corresponding in position, and the bottom of the groove 22 forms the locally thinned area where the opening of the opening 30 is located. The bucket teeth 4 are fitted onto the excavator's tooth holder through the assembly space 21, and the connection between the bucket teeth 4 and the excavator's tooth holder is achieved through the corresponding structure on the tooth holder via the opening 30 and the groove 22.

[0057] In specific implementation, the tooth 10 and tail 20 are integrally formed by forging from the same metal blank 1. The assembly space 21, wall 90, and groove 22 are all directly formed through the mold cavity during the forging process. The opening 30 is formed by punching after forging. The groove 22 can also provide positioning and thinning functions for punching. Therefore, the bucket tooth 4 in this embodiment is integrally forged, with a dense internal metal structure and fine grains, which has higher strength and toughness than the cast structure. The groove 22 and the opening 30 are integrally arranged on the wall 90, which reduces subsequent machining steps and improves production efficiency. At the same time, it ensures the accurate position of the opening 30 and improves the connection reliability between the bucket tooth 4 and the tooth seat. The assembly space 21 works together with the groove 22 and the opening 30 to make the bucket tooth 4 less likely to loosen after installation and adapt to the alternating load during excavator operation.

[0058] Furthermore, the groove 22 starts from the opening of the assembly space 21 at the tail 20 and extends towards the tooth 10. The groove 22 includes a first groove segment 221 near the opening and a second groove segment 222 near the tooth 10. The width of the second groove segment 222 is smaller than the width of the first groove segment 221. The opening of the assembly space 21 is located at the end of the tail 20 away from the tooth 10. The tooth holder is inserted into the assembly space 21 through this opening. The first groove segment 221 is near the opening and has a larger groove width, which serves as a guide and accommodator when the tooth holder is inserted. The second groove segment 222 is near the tooth 10 and has a relatively smaller groove width, which is used to define the opening position of the opening 30. Both the first groove segment 221 and the second groove segment 222 are recessed relative to the inner wall surface of the assembly space 21. The depth direction of the groove 22 is consistent with the thickness direction of the wall 90. The wall thickness at the bottom of the groove 22 is smaller than the wall thickness where the groove 22 is not provided. The first groove segment 221 and the second groove segment 222 are arranged sequentially along the length of the groove 22. The change in groove width makes the groove 22 have a shape that is wider at the front end and narrower at the rear end. The first groove segment 221 is wider, which makes it easier for the gear seat to enter the assembly space 21 smoothly and reduces the assembly resistance. The second groove segment 222 is narrower, which makes the opening 30 concentrated in the narrower groove bottom area, improving the accuracy of the opening 30 position. At the same time, it reduces the area of ​​material separation during punching, reduces the punching force, and improves the processing efficiency.

[0059] Further optimized, the first groove segment 221 and the second groove segment 222 are connected by an arc-shaped transition segment 223. The arc-shaped transition segment 223 is located in the middle of the length direction of the groove 22, and its groove width gradually narrows from the first groove segment 221 to the second groove segment 222. The groove wall profile has a smooth curve transition, avoiding sharp corners at the groove width change. Specifically, the two ends of the arc-shaped transition segment 223 are tangentially connected to the side walls of the first groove segment 221 and the second groove segment 222, respectively, so that the side wall of the groove 22 forms a continuous curved surface at the width change. The arc-shaped transition segment 223 not only makes the groove width of the groove 22 gradually decrease, but also makes the stress distribution at the bottom of the groove 22 more uniform, avoiding stress concentration, so as to improve the fatigue resistance of the tail 20 of the bucket tooth 4 under alternating load. During the forging process, the metal material can smoothly fill the cavity of the groove 22, avoiding forging defects such as folds and cracks, and improving the quality of the forging.

[0060] Preferably, in this embodiment, the opening 30 on the bucket tooth 4 is positioned corresponding to the position of the second groove segment 222. The first groove segment 221 is close to the opening of the assembly space 21 and has a larger groove width, which provides sufficient space for the tooth holder to be inserted into the assembly space 21. The second groove segment 222 is close to the tooth 10 and has a smaller groove width. After cooperating with the opening 30, the pin connection point is brought close to the working end of the bucket tooth 4, reducing the overhang length between the pin connection point and the tooth 10. Therefore, the position of the opening 30 is effectively defined, which is beneficial for the subsequent insertion and fixation of the pin and improves the assembly strength.

[0061] The opening 30 includes a first opening 31 and a second opening 32. The first opening 31 is located on one side wall 90, and the second opening 32 is located on the other side wall 90. The cross-sectional area of ​​the first opening 31 is larger than that of the second opening 32. The first opening 31 and the second opening 32 are coaxially arranged to form an opening 30 channel that penetrates through the two walls 90. The first opening 31 and the second opening 32 are respectively formed at the bottom of the two grooves 22. The shape and size of the first opening 31 and the second opening 32 are set according to the functional requirements of the two ends of the pin. The first opening 31 has a larger cross-sectional area for the pin head or locking part to enter and accommodate; the second opening 32 has a smaller cross-sectional area for the pin shaft to pass through and cooperate with the fixing structure, thereby effectively preventing the pin from coming out axially and improving the firmness of the connection between the bucket tooth 4 and the tooth seat.

[0062] It should also be noted that, in terms of the specific dimensions of the opening 30, the first opening 31 is an elongated oval structure, which is formed by a first semicircular arc segment, a second semicircular arc segment, and two straight line segments connecting the first semicircular arc segment and the second semicircular arc segment. The radius X1 of the first semicircular arc segment is greater than the radius X2 of the second semicircular arc segment. The two straight line segments are arranged opposite to each other, so that the dimension of the first opening 31 along its own length direction is greater than the dimension along its own width direction. For example, the radius of the first semicircular arc segment is 8 mm, the radius of the second semicircular arc segment is 6 mm, the center of both semicircular arc segments is located on the long axis of the first opening 31, and the distance X3 between the center of the first semicircular arc segment and the center of the second semicircular arc segment is 20 mm; the second opening 32 is an elongated hole structure with one end closed by an arc and the other end closed by a straight line. The arc-closed end and the straight-closed end are connected by two straight sides, which are arranged opposite to each other. For example, the radius Y1 of the arc-closed end is 6 mm, the length Y2 of the straight-closed end is 12 mm, and the arc-closed end and the straight-closed end are respectively located at both ends of the length direction of the second opening 32. At the same time, the first opening 31 and the second opening 32 are both opened at the bottom of the second groove segment 222 of the groove 22, and the central axes of the first opening 31 and the second opening 32 coincide to ensure that the pin can penetrate the double side walls 90 and the assembly space 21 along the width direction of the bucket teeth 4.

[0063] Furthermore, a countersunk step structure 23 is provided at the location of the groove 22 of the first opening 31. The first opening 31 is located at the bottom of the second groove section 222 of one side wall 90. The countersunk step structure 23 is formed by radially expanding outward around the opening of the first opening 31. The countersunk step structure 23 is radially recessed inward relative to the inner wall surface of the first opening 31, forming a stepped surface. This countersunk step structure 23 is obtained by extrusion molding without machining. The outer diameter of the countersunk step structure 23 is larger than the main hole diameter of the first opening 31, which is used to accommodate the pin head or locking washer, so that the pin head does not protrude from the outer surface of the wall 90 after installation or can be flush with the surface of the wall 90. At the same time, the countersunk step structure 23 can also provide limiting support for the pin head to prevent the pin from moving towards the first opening 31 during use. In addition, the countersunk step structure 23 is formed by extrusion molding, and the metal structure around the hole end is dense, which improves the load-bearing capacity at this point and avoids weakening the strength of the wall 90 when using machined steps.

[0064] As a preferred embodiment, the top and bottom surfaces of the bucket teeth 4 are symmetrically arranged, and both the top and bottom surfaces of the bucket teeth 4 are provided with raised ribs 70. The raised ribs 70 are integrally forged onto the surface of the bucket teeth 4. Specifically, the top and bottom surfaces of the bucket teeth 4 refer to two opposite surfaces in the thickness direction of the tooth portion 10, and the shapes of the top and bottom surfaces are symmetrical. One raised rib 70 is provided on each of the top and bottom surfaces. The raised rib 70 extends along the length direction of the bucket teeth 4, and its cross-section is convex. The raised rib 70 is formed during the forging process, and the raised rib 70 is integral with the bucket teeth 4. There are no connecting interfaces between the surfaces of the teeth 4, the metal flow lines are continuous, and the ribs 70 are integrally forged on the surface of the teeth 4, which improves the overall rigidity and wear resistance of the teeth 4 and reduces the bending deformation of the teeth 4 when under stress. At the same time, the ribs 70 are symmetrically set on the top and bottom surfaces of the teeth 4, so that the upper and lower surfaces of the teeth 4 are subjected to balanced stress during use. The setting of the ribs 70 can also effectively improve the bending and wear resistance of the teeth 10, and make the teeth 4 subjected to uniform stress after installation, avoid uneven load, and extend the service life of the teeth 4.

[0065] As another preferred embodiment, the rib 70 starts from the top of the tooth 10 and extends continuously along the length of the bucket tooth 4 to the end of the tail 20 away from the tooth 10. The rib 70 extends continuously at the connection between the tooth 10 and the tail 20. Specifically, the rib 70 is continuously provided on the top and bottom surfaces of the tooth 10, starting from the front end of the tooth 10, passing through the transition area between the tooth 10 and the tail 20, and extending to the end of the tail 20 away from the tooth 10, that is, near the opening of the assembly space 21 of the tail 20. The rib 70 does not stop at the connection between the tooth 10 and the tail 20, maintaining the continuity of the cross section and avoiding the formation of a weak cross section at the connection. The continuous extension of the rib 70 makes the bucket tooth 4 form a continuous reinforced structure from the front end of the tooth 10 to the rear end of the tail 20, further improving the overall bending stiffness and fatigue resistance of the bucket tooth 4. The continuous connection of the rib 70 at the connection between the tooth 10 and the tail 20 avoids stress concentration and fracture, improving the reliability of the bucket tooth 4 in digging operations.

[0066] As another preferred embodiment, a concave surface 80 is provided between the wall 90 and the rib 70. The concave surface 80 is located at the tail 20 and extends along the length of the tail 20. Specifically, the tail 20 has two opposing walls 90, and each of the top and bottom surfaces of the tooth 10 is provided with a rib 70, which extends to the top and bottom surfaces of the tail 20. In the tail 20, the rib 70 is located in the area above or below the two walls 90, and the rib 70 forms a concave surface 80 with the adjacent wall 90. Since there is a rib 70 on the top and bottom surfaces of the tail 20, and each rib 70 has two sides... Since the tail 20 is not adjacent to the two walls 90, four concave surfaces 80 are formed at the tail 20. There is one concave surface 80 between the top rib 70 and each of the two walls 90, and one concave surface 80 between the bottom rib 70 and each of the two walls 90. The concave surfaces 80 are recessed relative to the top or bottom surface of the tail 20. The setting of the concave surfaces 80 reduces the weight of the tail 20, and at the same time makes the transition between the rib 70 and the wall 90 smooth, avoiding local material accumulation and optimizing stress distribution. The four concave surfaces 80 are evenly arranged to maintain the structural symmetry of the tail 20, which is conducive to the uniform force distribution when the assembly space 21 and the gear seat are engaged.

[0067] Preferably, the two walls 90 extend from the tail 20 toward the tooth 10, and gradually converge at the tooth 10, forming a tip-contracting structure at the tooth 10, such as... Figure 13 As shown. In specific implementation, the two walls 90 form the two sides of the assembly space 21 in the tail 20 area. As they extend towards the tooth 10, the outer surfaces of the two walls 90 gradually approach each other and finally converge at the front end of the tooth 10, forming a flat, duckbill-like top contraction structure. It has a certain width of flat contraction end, which makes it easy to scoop in materials and is not easy to break, and can improve digging efficiency. Compared with sharp tooth tips, the flat contraction structure has better impact resistance and fracture resistance, and can adapt to the impact load during excavator operation.

[0068] The basic principles, main features, and advantages of this application have been described above. Those skilled in the art should understand that this application is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely the principles of this application. Various changes and modifications can be made to this application without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claims. The scope of protection claimed by this application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A forming process for bucket teeth, characterized in that, include: Step S10: Forge the metal billet to obtain a bucket tooth blank, the bucket tooth blank including a tooth and a tail with an assembly space; Step S20: Using the residual heat from forging to keep the bucket tooth blank in a hot workable state, punch holes in the double side walls of the tail to form openings that penetrate the double side walls; Step S30: Cool and shape the bucket tooth blank as a whole; Step S40: Heat one side wall of the tail section to restore the hot workability of the one side wall; Step S50: Extrusion molding is performed on the single-sided wall near the opening; Step S60: Post-process the extruded bucket tooth blank to obtain the finished bucket tooth.

2. The forming process of bucket teeth as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Step S10 further includes step S11: extruding and pre-forging the metal billet to form a pre-forged part, the pre-forged part having a symmetrical toothed part, the top and bottom surfaces of the toothed part being symmetrical, and the top and bottom surfaces of the toothed part being provided with raised ribs; Step S12: Forge the pre-forged part to form the tail section having the assembly space, thus obtaining the bucket tooth blank, which has a symmetrical structure.

3. The forming process of the bucket teeth as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Step S10 further includes step S13: integrally forging grooves on both sides of the inner wall of the assembly space at the tail, and the opening is opened at the bottom of the groove.

4. The forming process of the bucket teeth as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The groove starts from the opening of the tail assembly space and extends in the direction toward the teeth. The groove includes a first groove segment near the opening and a second groove segment near the teeth. The width of the second groove segment is smaller than the width of the first groove segment. The first groove segment and the second groove segment are connected by an arc-shaped transition segment.

5. The forming process of the bucket teeth as described in claim 4, characterized in that, Step S50 further includes step S51: radially countersinking the opening located at the second groove segment on the single-sided wall to form a countersinking step structure around the opening in the single-sided wall.

6. The forming process of bucket teeth as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S20, during the punching process, the punching device feeds radially along the tail end and punches through the double side walls in a single pass to form the opening that penetrates the assembly space.

7. The forming process of bucket teeth as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The opening includes a first opening and a second opening, wherein the cross-sectional area of ​​the first opening is different from that of the second opening.

8. A bucket tooth forming device, said forming device being suitable for the bucket tooth forming process as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The molding equipment includes: A punching device, a heating device, and an extrusion device, wherein the punching device is used to punch the tail of the bucket tooth blank to form an opening that penetrates the double side walls of the tail. The heating device is provided with a local heating end that matches the single-sided wall of the tail section, for induction heating of the single-sided wall to restore its hot workability; The extrusion device is used to extrude and shape the area of ​​the opening in the heated single-sided wall to obtain a countersunk hole stepped structure.

9. The equipment for forming bucket teeth as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The punching device includes a fixed base, a first punch, and a second punch; The fixed seat is used to fix and cooperate with the assembly space of the tail to fix and limit the position of the bucket tooth blank. The first punch and the second punch are arranged opposite to each other on the outer sides of the double side walls of the tail. The first punch and the second punch simultaneously punch towards each other, forming the opening that penetrates the double side walls of the tail in a single punching operation.

10. The bucket tooth forming equipment as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The extrusion device includes a base, a limiting seat, and a pressure head. The limiting seat is connected to the base and is horizontally arranged. The limiting seat is used to extend into the assembly space of the tail to achieve positioning and engagement of the bucket tooth blank. The limiting seat has a protruding forming part, and the pressing head is located above the limiting seat and can reciprocate in the vertical direction; The pressure head applies pressure vertically downward to the end of the opening, cooperating with the forming part to form the countersunk hole step structure around the side of the opening facing the forming part.

Images