A laser directed deposition apparatus and laser directed deposition method

Abstract

The application discloses a laser directional deposition device and a laser directional deposition method, and relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing. The laser directional deposition device comprises a rectangular spot laser directional energy deposition head, a workbench, a belt conveying mechanism and a moving mechanism. The workbench is provided with a bearing area corresponding to the output path of the rectangular spot of the rectangular spot laser directional energy deposition head. The belt conveying mechanism is used for continuously conveying a wide-band welding material to a part to be manufactured by additive manufacturing. The rectangular spot covers the part to be manufactured by additive manufacturing in the wide-band welding material and the combined space on both sides of the wide-band welding material along the width direction of the wide-band welding material. The moving mechanism drives the rectangular spot laser directional energy deposition head and the belt conveying mechanism to move. The laser directional energy deposition method using the wide-band welding material can effectively improve the deposition efficiency. The wide-band welding material is easy to process, has low cost and high material utilization rate. The laser directional energy deposition method is suitable for the laser directional energy deposition of the wide-band powder core welding material, and can realize the preparation of a multi-element composition functional composite directional energy deposition layer with lower cost and higher efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of additive manufacturing technology, and in particular to a laser-directed deposition apparatus and a laser-directed deposition method. Background Technology

[0002] Laser directed energy deposition (DED) is an advanced surface modification technology that uses a high-energy-density laser beam to irradiate the surface of a substrate, causing the extremely thin layer of the substrate surface and the directed energy deposition material to melt and solidify simultaneously, thereby forming a dense coating on the substrate surface that is metallurgically bonded to the substrate. Currently, the mainstream industrial processes are divided into two categories: powder laser directed energy deposition and wire-fed laser directed energy deposition.

[0003] In powder laser directional energy deposition (PDED), the preparation and procurement costs of metal powder are high; powder splatter loss during processing is unavoidable, resulting in low material utilization; the overall processing cost for large-area wear-resistant layer preparation and batch remanufacturing is high, making it uneconomical and only suitable for the preparation of small-sized, high-precision parts; in wire-fed PDED, the size of the wire limits the use of spot lasers, resulting in a small laser action area, narrow single-pass cladding width, and low deposition efficiency; the laser energy is concentrated in a very small area, leading to large workpiece deformation in thin substrate areas such as tool edges and gear tips; if multi-wire parallel feeding is used, uneven melting of the wires, uneven melt channels, and inclusions of pores are likely to occur.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a laser-directed deposition device with high deposition efficiency and low cost. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a laser-directed deposition apparatus and a laser-directed deposition method to solve the problems existing in the prior art. By using a rectangular spot combined with broadband welding material for laser-directed deposition, the deposition efficiency can be improved while reducing the deposition cost.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: The present invention provides a laser-directed deposition apparatus, comprising: A rectangular spot laser directional energy deposition head is used to output a rectangular spot with uniform energy distribution. The worktable is provided with a support area for supporting the parts to be additively manufactured, and the support area is set to correspond to the output path of the rectangular spot of the rectangular spot laser directional energy deposition head; A feeding mechanism is used to continuously feed wide-band welding material to the part to be additively manufactured, wherein the rectangular spot covers the wide-band welding material and the part to be additively manufactured in the bonding space on both sides of the wide-band welding material along the width direction of the wide-band welding material. A moving mechanism drives the rectangular spot laser directional energy deposition head and the tape feeding mechanism to generate relative motion with the worktable.

[0007] In one embodiment, the tape feeding mechanism is detachably connected to the rectangular spot laser directional energy deposition head.

[0008] In one embodiment, the tape feeding mechanism includes a tape feeding drive roller and a tape feeding driven roller. The tape feeding drive roller is connected to a drive device for transmission, and the tape feeding driven roller is freely rotatable. The tape feeding drive roller and the tape feeding driven roller are parallel to each other and spaced apart, with the spacing between them matching the thickness of the wide strip welding material being conveyed.

[0009] In one embodiment, the laser directional deposition apparatus further includes a guide rail and a feeding nozzle. The guide rail has a feeding channel inside. One end of the feeding channel receives wide-band welding material conveyed between the active feeding roller and the driven feeding roller, and the other end is connected to the feed port of the feeding nozzle. The discharge port of the feeding nozzle is used to continuously convey wide-band welding material to the part to be additively manufactured.

[0010] In one embodiment, the guide rail is provided with at least one set of guide wheels, and at least two wheels of each set of guide wheels are respectively disposed on both sides of the wide-band welding material, and the distance between the wheels on both sides matches the thickness of the wide-band welding material.

[0011] In one embodiment, both the active and passive belt feeding rollers are disposed within a housing. The housing contains a plurality of passive belt feeding rollers, with at least two passive belt feeding rollers cooperating to form a conveying path. The passive belt feeding rollers are rotatably connected to a clamping frame. The end of the clamping frame away from the wide strip welding material is freely rotatable, and the middle of the clamping frame is connected to a spring that is initially compressed.

[0012] In one embodiment, both the active and passive tape feeding rollers are provided with annular grooves. The width of the annular grooves matches the width of the wide tape welding material, and the distance between the bottom of the annular groove on the active and passive tape feeding rollers matches the thickness of the wide tape welding material.

[0013] In one embodiment, the peripheral walls of the belt feeding drive roller and the belt feeding driven roller are provided with friction layers to improve friction.

[0014] In one embodiment, the angle between the wide welding material output by the feeding mechanism and the upper surface of the part to be additively manufactured is 25°-40°.

[0015] The present invention also provides a laser-oriented deposition method using the above-described laser-oriented deposition apparatus, comprising the following steps: S1: Surface treatment of parts to be additively manufactured; S2: Adjust the distance between the rectangular spot laser directional energy deposition head and the surface of the part to be additively manufactured; adjust the height of the feeding mechanism. S3: Set deposition process parameters; S4: Start directional energy deposition, turn on argon protection, turn on the rectangular spot laser directional energy deposition head to emit light, start tape feeding synchronously, and after a delay, the moving mechanism starts moving to perform additive manufacturing according to the set linear speed and trajectory.

[0016] The present invention achieves the following main technical effects compared to the prior art: The method of laser-directed energy deposition (LDED) using broadband welding materials solves the problems of narrow melt width and large substrate heat input in traditional wire-feed LDED, and avoids uneven deposition thickness caused by multiple wires being fed in parallel. The deposition efficiency is significantly improved compared to wire-directed energy deposition with circular laser spots (more than 3.5 times higher). Moreover, compared to powder-feed LDED, broadband welding materials are easier to process, have lower costs, and higher material utilization, with processing costs more than 50% lower than those of powder LDED. In addition, the device is suitable for laser-directed energy deposition of broadband powder-core welding materials, enabling the preparation of multi-element functional composite LDED layers at lower cost and higher efficiency, playing a role in cost reduction and efficiency improvement in the manufacturing and remanufacturing of key components. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the laser-directed deposition apparatus in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the operation of the laser-directed deposition apparatus in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 for Figure 2 A magnified view of a section at point A in the middle; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the belt feeding mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the roller structure of the active belt feeding roller and the driven belt feeding roller in an embodiment of the present invention; Among them, 1. Optical fiber; 2. Optical fiber interface; 3. Rectangular spot laser directional energy deposition head; 4. Broadband welding material; 5. Belt feeding mechanism; 6. Constraint and guidance mechanism; 7. Directional energy deposition layer; 8. Component to be additively manufactured; 9. Rectangular spot; 10. Worktable; 501. Servo motor; 502. Housing; 503. Fixing frame; 504. Pressing frame; 505. Spring; 506. Belt feeding drive roller; 507. Belt feeding driven roller; 508. Annular groove; 509. Friction layer; 601. Guide rail; 602. Belt feeding nozzle; 603. Wheel body. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] The purpose of this invention is to provide a laser directional deposition apparatus and a laser directional deposition method to solve the problems existing in the prior art. By using a rectangular spot in conjunction with a wide-band welding material for laser directional deposition, the deposition efficiency can be improved while reducing the deposition cost.

[0021] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0022] Please refer to the following: Figures 1-5As shown, a laser directional deposition apparatus is provided, including: a rectangular spot laser directional energy deposition head 3, a worktable 10, a tape feeding mechanism 5, and a moving mechanism. The rectangular spot laser directional energy deposition head 3 is used to output a rectangular spot 9 with uniform energy distribution. Specifically, the high-energy laser emitted by the laser passes through an optical fiber 1 and enters the rectangular spot laser directional energy deposition head 3 through an optical fiber interface 2. The rectangular spot laser directional energy deposition head 3 converts the Gaussian source emitted by the laser into a rectangular spot 9 with uniform energy distribution through an internal collimating lens, integrating lens, and protective lens. The length of the spot can be selected as 10-20 mm, and the width can be selected as 3 mm. The rectangular spot laser directional energy deposition head 3... The output port has a protective gas pipeline inside, with protective gases such as argon and helium blown downwards from the output port to prevent oxidation of the working area. The rectangular spot laser-directed energy deposition head 3 has a cooling water channel inside, which connects to an external cooling water circulation device for equipment cooling. The worktable 10 is located below the rectangular spot laser-directed energy deposition head 3 and has a support area for supporting the additively manufactured part 8. The support area can be a plane or a groove that matches the part 8. The support area is set according to the output path of the rectangular spot 9 of the rectangular spot laser-directed energy deposition head 3, so that after the part 8 is placed, the additively manufactured part... The upper surface of part 8 is located on the output path of rectangular spot 9; the feeding mechanism 5 is used to continuously convey wide-band welding material 4 into the rectangular spot 9 on the part to be additively manufactured 8 and melt it to form a directional energy deposition layer 7. During actual size adjustment, it is necessary to ensure that the rectangular spot 9 covers the wide-band welding material 4 and the part to be additively manufactured 8 in the bonding space on both sides of the wide-band welding material 4 along the width direction. The bonding space here refers to the upper surface of the part to be additively manufactured 8 corresponding to the width of the wide-band welding material 4 (it can be partially corresponding to the upper surface of the width of the wide-band welding material 4). The irradiation area of ​​the rectangular spot 9 should be entirely located on the part to be additively manufactured 8 and should not irradiate the worktable outside the part to be additively manufactured 8. 10; The rectangular spot 9 irradiates the broadband welding material 4 and simultaneously irradiates the additive manufacturing parts 8 in the bonding space on both sides of the broadband welding material 4, so that the irradiated parts of the broadband welding material 4 and the additive manufacturing parts 8 can melt at the same time to form a metallurgical bond; The moving mechanism drives the rectangular spot laser directional energy deposition head 3 and the tape feeding mechanism 5 to generate relative movement with the worktable 10. Specifically, the moving mechanism can be an industrial robot (e.g., a six-axis industrial robot), a multi-dimensional motion platform (e.g., a three-dimensional motion platform), etc. The specific moving mechanism can be selected according to the set moving path, so as to drive the rectangular spot laser directional energy deposition head 3 and the tape feeding mechanism 5 to move in the preset direction.The rectangular spot laser-directed energy deposition head 3 and the tape feeding mechanism 5 can be driven by different moving mechanisms, or they can be driven by a single moving mechanism for synchronous movement. When a single moving mechanism is used, the rectangular spot laser-directed energy deposition head 3 and the tape feeding mechanism 5 need to be connected. This device uses a laser-directed energy deposition method with wide-band welding material 4, which solves the problems of narrow melt width and large substrate heat input in traditional wire-feed laser-directed energy deposition, and avoids problems such as uneven deposition thickness when multiple wires are fed in parallel. The deposition efficiency is significantly improved compared to wire-directed energy deposition with circular laser spots. Moreover, compared to powder-feed laser-directed energy deposition, wide-band welding material 4 is easier to process, has lower cost, and higher material utilization rate. The processing cost is more than 50% lower than that of powder laser-directed energy deposition. In addition, the device is suitable for laser-directed energy deposition of wide-band powder-core welding material, and can achieve the preparation of multi-element functional composite directed energy deposition layers 7 with lower cost and higher efficiency. It plays a role in cost reduction and efficiency improvement in the field of key component manufacturing and remanufacturing.

[0023] In one embodiment, based on the selection of a moving mechanism to drive the tape feeding mechanism 5 and the rectangular spot laser directional energy deposition head 3 to move, the tape feeding mechanism 5 and the rectangular spot laser directional energy deposition head 3 are detachably connected. The detachable connection can be achieved by: setting a fixing frame 503 on the tape feeding mechanism 5, and fixing frame 503 being bolted to the rectangular spot laser directional energy deposition head 3; or setting an ear plate on the rectangular spot laser directional energy deposition head 3, and fixing frame 503 being bolted to the ear plate; of course, other methods that can achieve detachable connection, such as snap-fit ​​connection, can also be used. By choosing a detachable connection method, it is possible to easily replace either one when it is necessary to replace the other, without having to replace the whole thing.

[0024] In one embodiment, the tape feeding mechanism 5 includes a tape feeding drive roller 506 and a tape feeding driven roller 507. The tape feeding drive roller 506 is connected to a drive device, which can be a servo motor 501. The tape feeding driven roller 507 is freely rotatable. The tape feeding drive roller 506 and the tape feeding driven roller 507 are parallel to each other and spaced apart. The spacing between them matches the thickness of the wide strip welding material 4 being conveyed. When the tape feeding drive roller 506 rotates, the wide strip welding material 4 can be conveyed by friction with it.

[0025] In order to continuously feed the wide-band welding material 4 to the belt feeding drive roller 506 and the belt feeding driven roller 507, a tray can be freely rotated on the moving mechanism. The wide-band welding material 4 is wound on the tray. When the wide-band welding material 4 is being conveyed, the tray rotates continuously to supply new wide-band welding material 4.

[0026] With the active feeding roller 506 and the driven feeding roller 507 configured, the wide welding material 4 fed between the two rollers will lose its constraint, easily causing deformation and affecting the feeding accuracy. Therefore, an additional constraint guiding mechanism 6 is provided. The constraint guiding mechanism 6 includes a guide rail 601 and a feeding nozzle 602. The guide rail 601 is connected to the feeding mechanism 5, and a feeding channel is provided inside the guide rail 601. One end of the feeding channel receives the wide welding material 4 fed between the active feeding roller 506 and the driven feeding roller 507. The other end of the tape is connected to the feed port of the tape feed nozzle 602. The discharge port of the tape feed nozzle 602 is used to continuously convey the wide tape welding material 4 to the additive manufacturing part 8. The discharge port of the tape feed nozzle 602 is set close to the actual melting position of the wide tape welding material 4. At the same time, the shape of the discharge port matches the wide tape welding material 4. The guide rail 601 and the tape feed nozzle 602 continuously constrain the wide tape welding material 4 until it is near the melting position of the wide tape welding material 4, thereby improving the feeding accuracy. The guide rail 601 is actually a cylindrical structure.

[0027] To reduce energy loss due to friction, at least one set of guide wheels is provided in the guide rail 601. At least two wheel bodies 603 of each set of guide wheels are respectively arranged on both sides of the wide-band welding material 4 (at least one wheel body 603 on each side), and are rotatably arranged in the guide rail 601 or on the outer shell of the guide rail 601 (partially entering the inner cavity of the guide rail 601). The distance between the wheel bodies 603 on both sides matches the thickness of the wide-band welding material 4, converting surface friction into rolling friction and effectively reducing friction.

[0028] In one embodiment, both the active feeding roller 506 and the driven feeding roller 507 are disposed within the housing 502 to protect the internal rollers. Multiple driven feeding rollers 507 are disposed within the housing 502, with at least two driven feeding rollers 507 cooperating to form a conveying path. Specifically, one active feeding roller 506 and one driven feeding roller 507 form the main conveying path, while the remaining driven feeding rollers 507 form auxiliary limiting conveying paths in pairs. The driven feeding rollers 507 are rotatably connected to the clamping frame 504. The end of the clamping frame 504 away from the wide welding material 4 is freely rotatably disposed (i.e., rotatably disposed on the housing 502). The middle part of the clamping frame 504 is connected to a spring 505 initially in a compressed state, and the other end of the spring 505 is connected to the housing 502. This allows the elastic force of the spring 505 to press the roller body of the driven feeding roller 507 against the side of the wide welding material 4, increasing friction by applying a certain squeezing force and reducing slippage during conveying.

[0029] In one embodiment, in order to improve the conveying accuracy, both the active conveying roller 506 and the driven conveying roller 507 are provided with annular grooves 508. The width of the annular grooves 508 matches the width of the wide welding material 4, and the distance between the bottom of the annular grooves 508 of the active conveying roller 506 and the bottom of the annular grooves 508 of the driven conveying roller 507 matches the thickness of the wide welding material 4. The annular grooves 508 are used to limit the conveying of the wide welding material 4.

[0030] In one embodiment, the peripheral walls of the belt feeding drive roller 506 and the belt feeding driven roller 507 are provided with a friction layer 509 for improving friction. The friction layer 509 may be a knurled mesh layer or other layers that can increase friction. The design of the friction layer 509 can prevent slippage of the wide-band welding material 4 during conveying and ensure feeding accuracy.

[0031] To ensure that the wideband welding material 4 can be completely melted to form the directional energy deposition layer 7 during the directional energy deposition process, the angle between the wideband welding material 4 output by the feeding mechanism 5 and the upper surface of the additive manufacturing part 8 is 25°-40°. Taking the upper surface of the additive manufacturing part 8 as a horizontal plane as an example, the angle between the output wideband welding material 4 and the horizontal plane is 25°-40°. The irradiation position of the rectangular spot 9 corresponds to the area where the wideband welding material 4 is in close contact with the upper surface of the additive manufacturing part 8 after it is transported to the upper surface of the additive manufacturing part 8.

[0032] In one embodiment, the wide-band welding material 4 used is 8-18 mm wide and 0.5-1.2 mm thick. It can be a solid welding strip with a thickness of 0.5-1.0 mm, or it can be a hollow wide-band welding material 4 made by processing two layers of thin welding strip plates and adding ceramic powder material in the middle, such as nickel-based thin steel plate to form a hollow wide-band welding material 4 and adding titanium carbide powder (the material of the outer layer and the powder of the inner layer can be selected as needed) to achieve a wide-band powder core welding strip with a thickness of 0.6-1.2 mm, thereby improving the performance of the directional energy deposition layer 7.

[0033] The present invention also provides a laser-oriented deposition method using the above-described laser-oriented deposition apparatus, comprising the following steps: S1: Surface treatment of the additive manufacturing part 8, the main treatment method is: clean it and remove oil and oxide scale; after the treatment, the additive manufacturing part 8 can be fixed on the worktable 10, for example, embedded in the matching groove on the worktable 10; S2: Install the rectangular spot laser directional energy deposition head 3 and the tray on the moving mechanism, connect the optical fiber 1, cooling water pipe, and protective gas pipe, select the required wideband welding material 4 (which needs to match the annular groove 508 of the feeding drive roller 506 and the feeding driven roller 507) and wind it onto the tray. Connect the housing 502 of the feeding mechanism 5 to the rectangular spot laser directional energy deposition head 3 through the fixing frame 503. The distance between the rectangular spot laser directional energy deposition head 3 and the surface of the additive manufacturing part 8 can be adjusted by adjusting the position of the moving mechanism. The height of the feeding mechanism 5 is adjusted by connecting the head 3 to the head 3 (for example, multiple threaded holes are set on the rectangular spot laser directional energy deposition head 3, and the fixing frame 503 can be connected to different threaded holes to achieve height adjustment; or, in the case of setting ear plates, vertical strip holes are set on the ear plates, and bolts are tightened after passing through different height positions of the vertical strip holes to achieve fixed connection between the fixing frame 503 and the ear plates, thereby achieving height adjustment); the free end of the wide-band welding material 4 wound on the tray is inserted between the feeding drive roller 506 and the feeding driven roller 507, the servo motor 501 is turned on, and the wide-band welding material 4 moves downward until it is exposed from the feeding nozzle 602; S3: Set deposition process parameters: Set the equipment deposition process parameters according to the actual process requirements, such as laser power 3-6kW, tape feed speed 4-20mm / s, deposition speed 3-40mm / s, and argon flow rate 5-15L / min. S4: Start directional energy deposition, activate protective gas protection, activate the rectangular spot laser directional energy deposition head 3 to emit light, and start tape feeding simultaneously. After a delay of 0.5s, the moving mechanism starts moving and performs additive manufacturing according to the set linear speed and trajectory.

[0034] After additive manufacturing is completed, stop feeding the tape, turn off the laser source, and after a delay (which can be set to 2 seconds), stop the protective gas.

[0035] Any adaptive changes made according to actual needs are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0036] It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0037] Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

Claims

1. A laser-guided deposition apparatus, characterized in that, include: A rectangular spot laser directional energy deposition head is used to output a rectangular spot with uniform energy distribution. The worktable is provided with a support area for supporting the parts to be additively manufactured, and the support area is set to correspond to the output path of the rectangular spot of the rectangular spot laser directional energy deposition head; A feeding mechanism is used to continuously feed wide-band welding material to the part to be additively manufactured, wherein the rectangular spot covers the wide-band welding material and the part to be additively manufactured in the bonding space on both sides of the wide-band welding material along the width direction of the wide-band welding material. A moving mechanism drives the rectangular spot laser directional energy deposition head and the tape feeding mechanism to generate relative motion with the worktable.

2. The laser-directed deposition apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tape feeding mechanism is detachably connected to the rectangular spot laser directional energy deposition head.

3. The laser-directed deposition apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The belt feeding mechanism includes a belt feeding drive roller and a belt feeding driven roller. The belt feeding drive roller is connected to the drive equipment for transmission, and the belt feeding driven roller is set to rotate freely. The belt feeding drive roller and the belt feeding driven roller are parallel to each other and spaced apart, and the spacing between them matches the thickness of the belt welding material being conveyed.

4. The laser-guided deposition apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, The laser directional deposition apparatus also includes a guide rail and a feeding nozzle. The guide rail has a feeding channel inside. One end of the feeding channel receives the wide-band welding material conveyed between the active feeding roller and the driven feeding roller, and the other end is connected to the feed port of the feeding nozzle. The discharge port of the feeding nozzle is used to continuously convey the wide-band welding material to the part to be additively manufactured.

5. The laser-directed deposition apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, The guide rail is provided with at least one set of guide wheels, and at least two wheels of each set of guide wheels are respectively arranged on both sides of the wide-band welding material, and the distance between the wheels on both sides matches the thickness of the wide-band welding material.

6. The laser-directed deposition apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, Both the active and passive belt feeding rollers are housed within the housing. Multiple passive belt feeding rollers are housed within the housing, with at least two passive belt feeding rollers cooperating to form a conveying path. The passive belt feeding rollers are rotatably connected to the clamping frame. The end of the clamping frame away from the wide strip welding material is freely rotatable, and the middle of the clamping frame is connected to a spring that is initially compressed.

7. The laser-directed deposition apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, Both the active and passive belt feeding rollers are provided with annular grooves. The width of the annular grooves matches the width of the wide belt welding material, and the distance between the bottom of the annular groove on the active and passive belt feeding rollers matches the thickness of the wide belt welding material.

8. The laser-directed deposition apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, The peripheral walls of the belt feeding drive roller and the belt feeding driven roller are provided with friction layers to improve friction.

9. The laser-directed deposition apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The angle between the wide welding material output by the feeding mechanism and the upper surface of the part to be additively manufactured is 25°-40°.

10. A laser-directed deposition method, characterized in that, The laser-guided deposition apparatus according to any one of claims 1-9 comprises the following steps: S1: Surface treatment of parts to be additively manufactured; S2: Adjust the distance between the rectangular spot laser directional energy deposition head and the surface of the part to be additively manufactured; adjust the height of the feeding mechanism. S3: Set deposition process parameters; S4: Start directional energy deposition, turn on argon protection, turn on the rectangular spot laser directional energy deposition head to emit light, start tape feeding synchronously, and after a delay, the moving mechanism starts moving to perform additive manufacturing according to the set linear speed and trajectory.

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