Multi-medium laser processing nozzle structure and control method

Abstract

The application discloses a multi-medium laser processing nozzle structure and a control method thereof. The nozzle structure comprises coaxially arranged light path cylinder, support cylinder and inner cylinder. The laser channel outlet end of the light path cylinder is provided with a protective baffle for opening or closing the channel. The support cylinder is driven to slide axially. The end of the support cylinder towards the workpiece is provided with a plurality of second nozzles for spraying water flow to the surface of the workpiece to form a water constraint layer. The inner cylinder is driven to rotate and is installed on the support cylinder. The end of the inner cylinder towards the workpiece is provided with a plurality of first nozzles for spraying black paint to the surface of the workpiece to form an absorption layer. The multi-medium laser processing nozzle structure not only synchronously changes the distance between the two types of nozzles and the surface of the workpiece, but also adjusts the process more quickly. When the viscosity of the black paint is high or the spot diameter is large, a more uniform and dense absorption layer can be formed on the surface of the workpiece, and the black paint can be prevented from splashing into the laser channel, thereby reducing the overall quality and effect of laser shock peening.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of laser nozzles, and more specifically to a multi-media laser processing nozzle structure and control method. Background Technology

[0002] Laser shock peening technology is an advanced manufacturing technology that uses high-energy laser-induced shock waves to strengthen the surface of metal materials. It is widely used in the processing of key components in high-end equipment fields such as aerospace, automobile manufacturing, and precision machinery.

[0003] In laser shock peening, the confinement layer and the absorption layer are key media for ensuring the strengthening effect, protecting the workpiece surface, and improving energy utilization. The absorption layer, often made of black paint, protects the workpiece surface from direct laser ablation and efficiently converts laser energy to generate a high-pressure shock wave for strengthening. The confinement layer, often made of water, confines the laser-induced plasma expansion, increasing the peak pressure and depth of the shock wave while preventing direct irradiation of the workpiece surface by the high-energy laser, thus avoiding ablation damage.

[0004] Most existing laser processing nozzles adopt a single-medium spray structure, which has the following problems: 1. Water and black paint nozzles are fixed on their respective support plates or brackets. The two jets converge on the workpiece surface by adjusting the installation angle and spatial position of each support plate. For example, Chinese invention patent with publication number CN107523683A discloses that the water gun and paint gun are connected to the water tank and paint tank respectively through pipelines, and flow control valves are installed on the connecting pipelines. This structure has problems with spatial position accuracy and poor synchronization adjustment. That is, when the spot size changes or the workpiece with different curvature is replaced, the height of the water and paint nozzles needs to be adjusted separately. The adjustment efficiency is low and it is difficult to ensure the consistency and synchronization of the adjustment of the two nozzles. 2. Black paint nozzles are mostly fixed, and the spraying range and quality depend entirely on the adjustment of fluid parameters. When the black paint viscosity is high or the spot diameter is large, it is difficult to ensure the uniformity of film thickness in the entire spot area by relying solely on atomization pressure. It is easy to have problems such as thicker center, thinner edge, or local missed spraying, which will affect the laser shock strengthening effect.

[0005] In addition, when the black paint nozzle is integrated with the optical path input module, or when the black paint nozzle is close to the optical path input module, the black paint is sprayed onto the surface of the workpiece to form an absorption layer. The black paint is often impacted and sputtered and propagates along the laser transmission direction, and then adsorbs in the laser channel, and may even contaminate the reflectors or focusing lenses in the laser channel. Therefore, it will reduce the overall quality and effect of laser shock enhancement. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-media laser processing nozzle structure that not only simultaneously changes the distance between the two types of nozzles and the workpiece surface, making the adjustment process faster, but also, when the black paint viscosity is high or the laser spot diameter is large, can form a more uniform and dense absorption layer on the workpiece surface, while avoiding black paint sputtering into the laser channel, thus reducing the overall quality and effect of laser shock enhancement.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, a multi-media laser processing nozzle structure is characterized by comprising: The optical path cylinder has a laser channel through which the optical path passes along its axis, and a protective baffle is provided at the exit end of the laser channel to open or close the channel. The support cylinder is coaxially sleeved on the outside of the optical path cylinder and is driven to slide axially. The end of the support cylinder facing the workpiece is provided with multiple second nozzles for spraying water onto the workpiece surface to form a water constraint layer. The inner cylinder is coaxially sleeved on the outside of the optical path cylinder and located inside the support cylinder. The inner cylinder is driven to rotate and is mounted on the support cylinder. At the end facing the workpiece, there are multiple first nozzles for spraying black paint onto the workpiece surface to form an absorption layer. The support cylinder slides axially relative to the optical path cylinder to a first limit position and a second limit position. At the first limit position, both the first nozzle and the second nozzle protrude from the exit end face of the laser channel to get close to the workpiece surface. At the second limit position, both the first nozzle and the second nozzle retract to not exceed the exit end face of the laser channel to get away from the workpiece surface.

[0008] In some examples of the present invention, the first nozzle and the second nozzle are respectively movably mounted on the inner cylinder and the support cylinder to adjust the corresponding angle and be locked. The first nozzle is connected to the paint source via a rotary joint to supply black paint, and is connected to the controller via an electric slip ring to control the flow rate or opening and closing of each first nozzle.

[0009] In some examples of the present invention, a cylindrical mounting hole perpendicular to the axis of the channel is provided at the exit end of the laser channel; The protective baffle is a cylindrical isolation cylinder that is rotatably installed at the mounting hole, and the isolation cylinder is provided with a through hole; The isolation cylinder rotates around its own axis between a first position and a second position. In the first position, the center line of the through hole coincides with the axis of the laser channel, thus opening the laser channel. In the second position, the center line of the through hole is perpendicular to the axis of the laser channel, thus closing the laser channel.

[0010] In some examples of the present invention, the support shafts at both ends of the isolation cylinder are respectively rotatably connected to the support. A pair of supports are detachably connected by a clamp, and one of the supports is provided with a first drive component connected to the support shaft.

[0011] In some examples of the present invention, the exit end of the laser channel is provided with a pair of first slots that are perpendicular to the axis of the channel and the axis of the mounting hole and pass through laterally. The three through holes are arranged at 90° intervals along the circumference of the isolation cylinder, wherein the two through holes at both ends are opposite to each other and together form the through hole; When the isolation cylinder rotates to the second position, the two ends of the through hole are connected to a pair of first slot holes respectively, and the other through hole faces the workpiece; A directional airflow is formed between a pair of first slots.

[0012] In some examples of the present invention, a gas collection hood is provided on the outside of the first slot, one of the gas collection hoods is connected to the negative pressure component through a first pipe, and the other gas collection hood is connected to the gas source through a second pipe. The side support shaft of the isolation cylinder is connected to the first driving component to drive the rotation. The first driving component is connected to the controller, so that the isolation cylinder reciprocates between the first position and the second position. The controller controls the operation of the negative pressure components.

[0013] In some examples of the present invention, the optical path cylinder has a collar near the outlet end, and the collar is provided with axially arranged connecting holes for the first pipeline, the second pipeline, and the third pipeline to pass through; The inner side of the support cylinder slides axially with a flat key or spline on the collar, and the inner side of the support cylinder forms a cavity with the outer side of the outlet end of the optical path cylinder. The optical path cylinder is equipped with an exhaust nozzle located inside the cavity, and the exhaust nozzle is connected to the negative pressure component through a third pipeline.

[0014] In some examples of the present invention, the support cylinder includes a first cylinder and a second cylinder that are coaxially threaded together. The first cylinder is sleeved on the outside of the optical path cylinder and connected to the lifting component. The inner cylinder is rotated and installed inside the second cylinder by the driving component. After the second cylinder is detached from the first cylinder, the exit end face of the laser channel is exposed on the end face of the first cylinder.

[0015] In some examples of the present invention, the driving component includes: a second driving member fixed on the second cylinder, a driving wheel fixedly connected to the output end of the second driving member, a driven wheel sleeved on the outside of the inner cylinder, and a transmission belt wound between the driving wheel and the driven wheel; The second cylinder is provided with a second slot for the transmission belt to pass through; The second cylinder is also equipped with a tensioning wheel for tensioning the drive belt.

[0016] A method for controlling a multi-media laser processing nozzle structure specifically includes the following steps: S1, the support cylinder is driven to move on the optical path cylinder, adjusting the distance between the first nozzle on the inner cylinder and the workpiece to meet the requirements of black paint spraying; The exit end of the laser channel is closed by an isolation cylinder; S2, the inner cylinder is driven to rotate, and black paint is sprayed out from the first nozzle. Under the action of centrifugal force and rotation trajectory, the black paint can form a more uniform and dense absorption layer on the surface of the workpiece. During the black paint spraying process, the paint mist formed by the black paint splashes enters the inner cavity of the isolation cylinder, and the directional airflow flows between a pair of first slots to discharge the paint mist in the inner cavity. S3, when the workpiece surface is sprayed with black paint to form an absorption layer, and the absorption layer is fixed, the support cylinder is driven to move on the optical path cylinder, and the distance between the second nozzle on the support cylinder and the workpiece is adjusted to meet the water jet requirements. The exit end of the laser channel is opened through an isolation cylinder; Water is ejected from the second nozzle, forming a water-constrained layer on the surface of the workpiece. The laser then acts on the workpiece with the constrained and absorption layers through the laser channel, completing the laser shock peening treatment of the workpiece.

[0017] Compared with existing technologies, a multi-media laser processing nozzle structure has the following advantages: 1. The first and second spray heads are integrated on the coaxially arranged inner cylinder and support cylinder respectively, and the support cylinder can slide along the optical path cylinder axis, integrating black paint spraying and water spraying. When the spot size changes or the workpiece with different curvature is replaced, the distance between the two types of spray heads and the workpiece surface is changed simultaneously, making the adjustment process faster and ensuring the consistency of the adjustment amount of the two types of spray heads. 2. The first nozzle is installed on the inner cylinder that is driven to rotate. When the viscosity of the black paint is high or the diameter of the laser spot is large, the inner cylinder drives the nozzle to rotate. Under the action of centrifugal force and rotation trajectory, the black paint can form a more uniform and dense absorption layer on the surface of the workpiece, thereby reducing local accumulation or incomplete coverage of the fixed nozzle and ensuring that the laser energy is uniformly absorbed. 3. A rotating isolation cylinder is installed at the laser channel exit end. When black paint is sprayed, the isolation cylinder rotates to the closed position, and the paint mist formed by black paint splashing is blocked outside the channel. At the same time, the isolation cylinder has a through-hole structure that cooperates with the external air passage. When closed, it can form a directional airflow to actively discharge the paint mist that enters the inner cavity, preventing it from accumulating in the isolation cylinder and dripping onto the workpiece surface. This structure has two functions: shielding and mist discharge, reducing the risk of paint mist propagating along the laser transmission direction and adsorbing on the inner wall of the channel or optical components.

[0018] 4. The support cylinder adopts a split threaded connection. After the lower section of the cylinder is disassembled, the laser channel outlet end and the area where the isolation cylinder is located are directly exposed. Maintenance or cleaning operations are no longer limited by the axial length of the support cylinder. This structure provides a wider operating space for components such as the isolation cylinder and gas collection hood that are close to the optical path outlet.

[0019] A control method for a multi-media laser processing nozzle structure has the following advantages: By driving the support cylinder to slide along the optical path cylinder axis, the switching between the black paint spraying and water jet spraying stations is completed in one axial lifting action, shortening the adjustment time between processes and avoiding the problem of inconsistent adjustment of the two types of nozzles; the isolation cylinder rotates to the closed position and activates the negative pressure component to form a directional airflow, which actively removes the paint mist that enters the inner cavity while physically shielding it. This linkage control of "shielding + de-fogging" can effectively prevent paint mist from accumulating inside and dripping down, or rising along the optical path and contaminating the optical components. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is the overall front view of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the optical path cylinder end support and the gas collection hood in this invention (the first driving component is not shown). Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the isolation cylinder and the gas collection hood in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the explosion of the isolation cylinder and gas collecting hood in this invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the isolation cylinder in this invention; Figure 6 This is a front view of the assembly between the inner cylinder and the support cylinder in this invention; Figure 7 This is a simplified top view of the driving component in this invention; Figure 8 This is a simplified top view of the arrangement of the first and second nozzles in this invention; Figure 9 This is a left view of the isolation cylinder when it is rotated to the first position and the second position in this invention; In the diagram: 10. Optical path cylinder, 11. Laser channel, 12. Mounting hole, 13. First slot, 14. Collar, 141. Connecting hole; 20. Support cylinder; 21. First cylinder body; 22. Second cylinder body; 211. Second slot; 30. Inner cylinder; 41. First nozzle; 42. Rotary joint 42; 50. Second nozzle; 60. Isolation cylinder; 61. Through hole; 70. Gas collection hood; 71. Exhaust nozzle; 80. Support; 90. Drive components; 91. Drive pulley; 92. Tensioner pulley; 93. Driven pulley; 94. Transmission belt. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals in the drawings represent the same components. It should be noted that the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms “first,” “second,” and similar terms used in this patent application specification and claims do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Similarly, “an” or “a” and similar terms do not necessarily indicate a quantity limitation. Terms such as “comprising” or “including” mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the element or object listed following the word and its equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as “connected” or “linked” are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as “upper,” “lower,” “left,” and “right” are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; these relative positional relationships may change accordingly when the absolute position of the described object changes.

[0023] like Figure 1 As shown, a multi-media laser processing nozzle structure includes: The optical path cylinder 10 has a laser channel 11 through which the optical path passes along its axis, and a protective baffle is provided at the exit end of the laser channel 11 to open or close the channel. The support cylinder 20 is coaxially sleeved on the outside of the optical path cylinder 10 and is driven to slide axially. The end of the support cylinder 20 facing the workpiece is provided with a plurality of second nozzles 50 for spraying water onto the workpiece surface to form a water constraint layer. The inner cylinder 30 is coaxially sleeved on the outside of the optical path cylinder 10 and located inside the support cylinder 20. The inner cylinder 30 is driven to rotate and is mounted on the support cylinder 20. At the end facing the workpiece, there are multiple first nozzles 41 for spraying black paint onto the surface of the workpiece to form an absorption layer. In this process, the support cylinder 20 slides axially relative to the optical path cylinder 10 to a first limit position and a second limit position. At the first limit position, the first nozzle 41 and the second nozzle 50 both protrude from the exit end face of the laser channel 11 to get close to the workpiece surface. At the second limit position, the first nozzle 41 and the second nozzle 50 both retract to not exceed the exit end face of the laser channel 11 to get away from the workpiece surface.

[0024] Specifically, for ease of description, the axes of the optical path cylinder 10, the support cylinder 20, and the inner cylinder 30 are all arranged vertically, with the exit end of the laser channel 11 being described from the bottom.

[0025] The optical path cylinder 10 is provided with a laser channel 11, which may be equipped with structures such as reflectors; The support cylinder 20 can move axially with the optical path cylinder 10 via splines, flat keys, or other means, and the power comes from the lifting component connected to the support cylinder 20. The lifting component can be an electric cylinder, hydraulic cylinder, or other structure. When the lifting component moves the support cylinder 20 downward to the first limit position, the first nozzle 41 and the second nozzle 50 can both be located below the exit end of the laser channel 11 and closer to the workpiece. When the lifting component moves the support cylinder 20 upward to the second limit position, the first nozzle 41 and the second nozzle 50 are not lower than the exit end face of the laser channel 11 and are away from the workpiece. A multi-media laser processing nozzle structure is used in which the workpiece to be processed is placed on the worktable; The support cylinder 20 is driven to move on the optical path cylinder 10 to adjust the distance between the first nozzle 41 and the workpiece so as to meet the requirements of black paint spraying. The exit end of the laser channel 11 is closed by a protective baffle. Both the first nozzle 41 and the second nozzle 50 can be movably mounted on the inner cylinder 30 and the support cylinder 20, respectively. For example, the mounting position of the corresponding nozzles can use a mechanically adjustable ball head, relying on the positive pressure generated by threaded clamping to lock the angle. The purpose is to adjust the angle of the first nozzle 41 and the second nozzle 50 towards the workpiece. This adjustable ball head is an existing structure and will not be further elaborated here. The number of first nozzles 41 and second nozzles 50 can be 2-12. Figure 8As shown, the specific quantity can be determined according to the spraying process; when the viscosity of the black paint is high or the diameter of the spot is large, the inner cylinder 30 is driven to rotate. Under the action of centrifugal force and rotation trajectory, the black paint can form a more uniform and dense absorption layer on the surface of the workpiece, thereby reducing local accumulation or incomplete coverage of the fixed nozzle and ensuring that the laser energy is uniformly absorbed; when the inner cylinder 30 rotates, the first nozzle 41 can be connected to the paint source through the rotary joint 42 to complete the supply of black paint, and connected to the controller through the electric slip ring to complete the flow or opening and closing control of each first nozzle 41. That is, each first nozzle 41 is connected to a control valve on the pipeline, and the wire of the control valve is led out through the electric slip ring to realize the continuous transmission of power and signal in the rotating structure; When the viscosity of the black paint is low or the diameter of the spot is small, the inner cylinder 30 can stop rotating, and at this time, several of the first nozzles 41 will spray the workpiece with black paint. During the black paint spraying process, the protective baffle closes the exit end of the laser channel 11. The black paint that is impacted and sputtered and propagates along the laser transmission direction is blocked by the protective baffle, preventing it from entering the laser channel 11 and reducing the overall quality and effect of laser shock strengthening. After the workpiece surface is coated with black paint to form an absorption layer, and after a period of time the black paint is surface dry or cured, the support cylinder 20 is driven to move on the optical path cylinder 10 to adjust the distance between the second nozzle 50 and the workpiece so as to meet the water jet requirements. The second nozzle 50 can be directly connected to a pressurized water source to form a water constraint layer on the workpiece surface. The laser acts on the workpiece with the constraint layer and absorption layer from the laser channel 11 to complete the laser shock strengthening treatment of the workpiece.

[0026] In some examples of the present invention, such as Figures 2 to 4 As shown, a cylindrical mounting hole 12 perpendicular to the axis of the laser channel 11 is provided at the exit end of the laser channel 11. The protective baffle is a cylindrical isolation cylinder 60 that is rotatably installed at the mounting hole 12. The isolation cylinder 60 is provided with a through hole. The isolation cylinder 60 rotates around its own axis between a first position and a second position. In the first position, the center line of the through hole coincides with the axis of the laser channel 11, causing the laser channel 11 to open. In the second position, the center line of the through hole is perpendicular to the axis of the laser channel 11, causing the laser channel 11 to close. Specifically, the axis of the mounting hole 12 is located in the horizontal plane, the isolation cylinder 60 can be rotated and sealed inside the mounting hole 12, and the two end support shafts can be led out and rotatedly connected to the support 80; the mating surface between the isolation cylinder 60 and the mounting hole 12 can be sealed with an air curtain or a labyrinth seal to reduce the intrusion of paint mist into the gap, and the material of the isolation cylinder 60 can be a non-stick coating (such as Teflon) or cleaned regularly. A pair of supports 80 are "clamp" type disassembly structures and are fixed to the lower end of the optical path cylinder 10 by bolts. The supports 80 are provided with a first driving component that is connected to one of the support shafts. The through hole on the isolation cylinder 60 is a "connection channel". When the isolation cylinder 60 is rotated to the first position, the through hole is connected to the laser channel 11, so that the laser can act on the workpiece normally from the laser channel 11 and the through hole. When the isolation cylinder 60 is rotated to the second position, the center line of the through hole is perpendicular to the axis of the laser channel 11, that is, the through hole is offset from the laser channel 11, the laser channel 11 is closed, and the black paint cannot be splashed into the laser channel 11.

[0027] Furthermore, such as Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, the laser channel 11 has a pair of first slots 13 at its exit end that are perpendicular to the channel axis and the mounting hole 12 axis and pass through laterally. The isolation cylinder 60 has an inner cavity and is provided with three through holes 61 communicating with the inner cavity. The three through holes 61 are arranged circumferentially at an included angle of 90°, and two of the opposite through holes 61 form a through hole. When the isolation cylinder 60 rotates to the second position, the two ends of the through hole are connected to a pair of first slot holes 13 respectively, and the other through hole 61 faces the workpiece; A directional airflow is formed between a pair of first slots 13; Specifically, the center line of the first slot 13 is perpendicular to the axis of the mounting hole 12 in the horizontal plane; The isolation cylinder 60 is provided with three through holes 61, such as Figure 9 As shown, three through holes 61 spaced 90° apart are defined as A, B, and C. Through holes 61A and 61C are positioned opposite each other to form a through hole. When black paint is sprayed, the isolation cylinder 60 rotates to the second position, and the through holes 61A and C are respectively connected to a pair of first slot holes 13. The exit end of the laser channel 11 is sealed by the periphery of the isolation cylinder 60. The mist formed by the black paint splashing enters the inner cavity of the isolation cylinder 60 through the through hole 61B. The directional airflow flows between the pair of first slot holes 13, that is, the airflow flows from the through hole 61A to the through hole 61B to carry away the paint mist, effectively preventing the black paint from being blocked and unable to be discharged, condensing into droplets and dripping onto the workpiece, affecting the laser strengthening. After the workpiece surface is coated with black paint to form an absorption layer, the isolation cylinder 60 rotates to the first position, and the through holes 61A and C are connected to the laser channel 11. The laser normally acts on the workpiece through the laser channel 11 and the through hole.

[0028] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 , Figure 3As shown, a gas collection hood 70 is provided on the outside of the first slot 13. One gas collection hood 70 is connected to the negative pressure component through a first pipeline, and the other gas collection hood 70 is connected to the gas source through a second pipeline. The isolation cylinder 60 is driven to rotate by a first driving component, which is connected to a controller, so that the isolation cylinder 60 reciprocates between a first position and a second position. The controller controls the operation of the negative pressure components; Specifically, the gas collection hood 70 is installed on the outside of the first slot 13 and can be a constricted or flat structure. The inner wall of the gas collection hood 70 smoothly transitions with the first slot 13, so that the paint mist can be discharged smoothly. The negative pressure component can be an exhaust fan. In the initial state, the isolation cylinder 60 is in the second position. The controller controls the exhaust fan to start and generate negative pressure, which causes the airflow to flow from one of the gas collection hoods 70 to the other gas collection hood 70 to discharge the paint mist. After the absorption layer is formed on the surface of the workpiece, the controller controls the exhaust fan to stop and controls the first drive component to rotate, so that the isolation cylinder 60 is in the second position.

[0029] The first driving component can be a servo motor with a built-in encoder, which can provide real-time position feedback and make dynamic adjustments to achieve precise control of the first and second positions.

[0030] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the optical path cylinder 10 has a collar 14 near the outlet end, and the collar 14 is provided with axially arranged connecting holes 141 for the first pipeline, the second pipeline and the third pipeline to pass through. The inner side of the support cylinder 20 slides axially with a flat key or spline on the collar 14, and the inner side of the support cylinder 20 forms a cavity with the outer side of the outlet end of the optical path cylinder 10. The optical path cylinder 10 is provided with an exhaust nozzle 71 located inside the cavity, and the exhaust nozzle 71 is connected to the negative pressure component through a third pipeline; Specifically, during the black paint spraying process, the paint mist is not only impacted and splashed and propagated along the laser transmission direction, but also concentrated on the lower outer side of the optical path cylinder 10, that is, the cavity formed between the lower part of the optical path cylinder 10 and the support cylinder 20. The exhaust nozzle 7171 is connected to the negative pressure component and is used to discharge paint mist from the cavity.

[0031] In some examples of the present invention, such as Figure 1 , Figure 6 As shown, the support cylinder 20 includes a first cylinder 21 and a second cylinder 22 that are coaxially threaded together. The first cylinder 21 is sleeved on the outside of the optical path cylinder 10 and connected to the lifting component. The inner cylinder 30 is rotatably installed inside the second cylinder 22 via the driving component 90. After the second cylinder 22 is disassembled from the first cylinder 21, the exit end face of the laser channel 11 is exposed to the end face of the first cylinder 21 for easy maintenance. Furthermore, such as Figure 7 As shown, the driving component 90 includes: a second driving member fixed on the second cylinder 22, a driving wheel 91 fixedly connected to the output end of the second driving member, a driven wheel 93 sleeved on the outside of the inner cylinder 30, and a transmission belt 94 wound between the driving wheel 91 and the driven wheel 93. The second cylinder 22 is provided with a second slot 211 for the transmission belt 94 to pass through; The second cylinder 22 is also provided with a tensioning wheel 92 for tensioning the transmission belt 94; Specifically, the first cylinder 21 and the second cylinder 22 are threaded together to divide the support cylinder 20 into two detachable parts. The first cylinder 21 is connected to the lifting component for lifting and adjustment. The second cylinder 22 has an inner cylinder 30 that is driven to rotate installed inside it. This integration facilitates the installation and maintenance of the drive component 90, the rotating structure and the slip ring. It also facilitates the installation and maintenance of the isolation cylinder 60 and the gas collection hood 70 at the exit end of the laser channel 11, avoiding the influence of the length and travel of the support cylinder 20. In the drive component 90, the second drive component is a servo motor connected to the controller. The tensioning wheel 92 can be elastically mounted on the second cylinder 22 to tension the transmission belt 94 to improve rotation accuracy. When the second drive component is started by the controller, the driving wheel 91 drives the driven wheel 93 to rotate through the transmission belt 94, so that the inner cylinder 30 rotates.

[0032] When using a multi-media laser processing nozzle structure, the specific steps include: S1, the support cylinder 20 is driven to move on the optical path cylinder 10, adjusting the distance between the first nozzle 41 on the inner cylinder 30 and the workpiece so that it meets the requirements for black paint spraying. The exit end of laser channel 11 is closed by isolation cylinder 60; S2, the inner cylinder 30 is driven to rotate, and black paint is sprayed out from the first nozzle 41. Under the action of centrifugal force and rotation trajectory, the black paint can form a more uniform and dense absorption layer on the surface of the workpiece. During the black paint spraying process, the paint mist formed by the black paint splashing enters the inner cavity of the isolation cylinder 60, and the directional airflow flows between a pair of first slots 13 to discharge the paint mist in the inner cavity. S3, when the workpiece surface is sprayed with black paint to form a cured absorption layer, the support cylinder 20 is driven to move on the optical path cylinder 10, and the distance between the second nozzle 50 on the support cylinder 20 and the workpiece is adjusted to meet the water jet requirements. The exit end of the laser channel 11 is opened through the isolation cylinder 60; Water is ejected from the second nozzle 50 to form a water-constrained layer on the surface of the workpiece. The laser acts on the workpiece with the constraint layer and absorption layer from the laser channel 11, completing the laser shock strengthening treatment of the workpiece.

[0033] The foregoing description, with reference to preferred embodiments, details an exemplary embodiment of the multi-media laser processing nozzle structure proposed in this invention. However, those skilled in the art will understand that various modifications and alterations can be made to the above specific embodiments without departing from the concept of this invention, and various combinations can be made to the various technical features and structures proposed in this invention without exceeding the protection scope of this invention, which is determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A multi-media laser processing nozzle structure, characterized in that, include: The optical path cylinder (10) has a laser channel (11) through which the optical path passes along its axis, and a protective baffle is provided at the exit end of the laser channel (11) to open or close the channel. The support cylinder (20) is coaxially sleeved on the outside of the optical path cylinder (10) and is driven to slide axially. The end of the support cylinder (20) facing the workpiece is provided with a plurality of second nozzles (50) for spraying water onto the workpiece surface to form a water constraint layer. The inner cylinder (30) is coaxially sleeved on the outside of the optical path cylinder (10) and located inside the support cylinder (20). The inner cylinder (30) is driven to rotate and is mounted on the support cylinder (20). At the end facing the workpiece, there are multiple first nozzles (41) for spraying black paint onto the workpiece surface to form an absorption layer. In this process, the support cylinder (20) slides axially relative to the optical path cylinder (10) to the first limit position and the second limit position. At the first limit position, the first nozzle (41) and the second nozzle (50) both protrude from the exit end face of the laser channel (11) to get close to the workpiece surface. At the second limit position, the first nozzle (41) and the second nozzle (50) both retract to not exceed the exit end face of the laser channel (11) to get away from the workpiece surface.

2. The multi-media laser processing nozzle structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first nozzle (41) and the second nozzle (50) are respectively movably mounted on the inner cylinder (30) and the support cylinder (20) to adjust the corresponding angle and lock. The first nozzle (41) is connected to the paint source via a rotary joint (42) to supply black paint, and is connected to the controller via an electric slip ring to control the flow or opening and closing of each first nozzle (41).

3. A multi-media laser processing nozzle structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The laser channel (11) has a cylindrical mounting hole (12) perpendicular to the axis of the channel at its exit end. The protective baffle is a cylindrical isolation cylinder (60) that is rotatably installed at the mounting hole (12), and the isolation cylinder (60) is provided with a through hole; The isolation cylinder (60) rotates around its own axis between a first position and a second position. In the first position, the center line of the through hole coincides with the axis of the laser channel (11), causing the laser channel (11) to open. In the second position, the center line of the through hole is perpendicular to the axis of the laser channel (11), causing the laser channel (11) to close.

4. The multi-media laser processing nozzle structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The support shafts at both ends of the isolation cylinder (60) are respectively rotatably connected to the support (80). A pair of supports (80) are detachably connected by a clamp, and one of the supports (80) is provided with a first drive member connected to the support shaft.

5. The multi-media laser processing nozzle structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The laser channel (11) has a pair of first slots (13) at its exit end that are perpendicular to the axis of the channel and the axis of the mounting hole (12) and pass through laterally. The three through holes (61) are arranged at 90° intervals along the circumferential direction of the isolation cylinder (60), wherein the two through holes (61) at both ends are opposite to each other and together form the through hole; When the isolation cylinder (60) rotates to the second position, the two ends of the through hole are connected to a pair of first slot holes (13) respectively, and the other through hole (61) faces the workpiece; A directional airflow is formed between a pair of first slots (13).

6. The multi-media laser processing nozzle structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, A gas collection hood (70) is provided on the outside of the first slot (13). One of the gas collection hoods (70) is connected to the negative pressure component through the first pipeline, and the other gas collection hood (70) is connected to the gas source through the second pipeline. The end support shaft of the isolation cylinder (60) is connected to the first driving component to drive the rotation. The first driving component is connected to the controller, so that the isolation cylinder (60) reciprocates between the first position and the second position. The controller controls the operation of the negative pressure components.

7. The multi-media laser processing nozzle structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, The optical path cylinder (10) has a collar (14) near the outlet end, and the collar (14) is provided with axially arranged connecting holes (141) for the first pipeline, the second pipeline and the third pipeline to pass through. The inner side of the support cylinder (20) slides axially with the flat key or spline on the collar (14), and the inner side of the support cylinder (20) forms a cavity with the outer side of the outlet end of the optical path cylinder (10); The optical path cylinder (10) is provided with an exhaust nozzle (71) located inside the cavity, and the exhaust nozzle (71) is connected to the negative pressure component through a third pipeline.

8. The multi-media laser processing nozzle structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The support cylinder (20) includes a first cylinder (21) and a second cylinder (22) that are coaxially threaded together. The first cylinder (21) is sleeved on the outside of the optical path cylinder (10) and connected to the lifting component. The inner cylinder (30) is rotatably installed inside the second cylinder (22) through the driving component (90). When the second cylinder (22) is disassembled from the first cylinder (21), the exit end face of the laser channel (11) is exposed to the end face of the first cylinder (21).

9. The multi-media laser processing nozzle structure according to claim 8, characterized in that, The drive component (90) includes: a second drive member fixed on the second cylinder (22), a drive wheel (91) fixedly connected to the output end of the second drive member, a driven wheel (93) sleeved on the outside of the inner cylinder (30), and a transmission belt (94) wound between the drive wheel (91) and the driven wheel (93). The second cylinder (22) is provided with a second slot (211) through which the transmission belt (94) passes. A tensioning wheel (92) for tensioning the transmission belt (94) is also provided on the second cylinder (22).

10. A control method for the multi-media laser processing nozzle structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, Specifically, the following steps are included: S1, the support cylinder (20) is driven to move on the optical path cylinder (10) to adjust the distance between the first nozzle (41) on the inner cylinder (30) and the workpiece so that it meets the requirements for black paint spraying; The exit end of the laser channel (11) is closed by an isolation tube (60); S2, the inner cylinder (30) is driven to rotate, and black paint is sprayed out from the first nozzle (41). Under the action of centrifugal force and rotation trajectory, the black paint can form a more uniform and dense absorption layer on the surface of the workpiece. During the black paint spraying process, the paint mist formed by the black paint splashing enters the inner cavity of the isolation cylinder (60), and the directional airflow flows between a pair of first slots (13) to discharge the paint mist in the inner cavity; S3, when the workpiece surface is sprayed with black paint to form an absorption layer, and the absorption layer is fixed, the support cylinder (20) is driven to move on the optical path cylinder (10) to adjust the distance between the second nozzle (50) on the support cylinder (20) and the workpiece so as to meet the water jet requirements. The exit end of the laser channel (11) is opened through the isolation tube (60); Water is ejected from the second nozzle (50) to form a water constraint layer on the surface of the workpiece. The laser acts on the workpiece with the constraint layer and absorption layer through the laser channel (11) to complete the laser shock strengthening treatment of the workpiece.

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