A special-shaped excavator automatic welding tool clamp

Abstract

The application discloses a special-shaped excavator automatic welding tool clamp and belongs to the field of welding tool clamps. The tool clamp comprises a base, a special-shaped excavator body is arranged on the upper side of the base, quick-change hook plates are symmetrically arranged on the lower beam of the special-shaped excavator body, and front hook grooves, positioning grooves and rear hook grooves are formed in the quick-change hook plates. The tool clamp further comprises an inner positioning assembly. The positioning assembly comprises a U-shaped base which is slidingly arranged on the top of the base, a sliding seat which is fixedly arranged in the U-shaped base, a U-shaped supporting plate which is fixedly arranged on the top of the sliding seat, and a rotating rod which is rotatably arranged on the U-shaped supporting plate. The tool clamp can change the traditional hook-shaped opening clamping mode of the front hook groove of the quick-change hook plate into the mode that an insertion shaft is linearly inserted along the axial direction and simultaneously drives the inner elastic and outer rigid double-side clamping linkage, and the centering and positioning are automatically completed. The tool clamp does not need manual adjustment in the whole clamping process, and the clamping efficiency and positioning precision are effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of welding fixtures, and more specifically, to a fixture for automated welding of irregularly shaped buckets. Background Technology

[0002] As a key operating component in construction machinery, irregularly shaped buckets typically consist of a bucket body and quick-change hook plates mounted on a crossbeam. The quick-change hook plate mechanism replaces the traditional hinged ear plate structure. During the automated welding process of irregularly shaped buckets, precise clamping and positioning are crucial to ensure the relative positional accuracy of each welding component. Due to the complex curved surfaces and uneven wall thickness of irregularly shaped buckets, it is difficult to reliably clamp and position their irregular outer walls directly. Furthermore, since the quick-change hook plate mechanism lacks hinged mounting holes for installing the excavator boom and connecting rod, existing bucket welding fixtures cannot perform through-shaft clamping and positioning of such irregularly shaped buckets. Therefore, in actual clamping, the relatively regular quick-change hook plate on the irregularly shaped bucket is typically used as the clamping and positioning reference. Precise clamping of the quick-change hook plate achieves reliable positioning of the entire irregularly shaped bucket, thereby ensuring the positional stability of the workpiece during welding.

[0003] However, most existing welding fixtures use manually adjustable clamping methods, such as screw drives or threaded locking to clamp and fix the workpiece. During the clamping process, the operator needs to repeatedly adjust the position and clamping force of the clamping elements according to the actual position of the workpiece. It is difficult to ensure that the irregularly shaped bucket is accurately aligned with the fixture. Although some existing fixtures can achieve automatic tensioning, their clamping elements can only apply force in one direction along the preset direction and cannot automatically adjust the workpiece to the center position of the fixture. Manual assistance is still required for alignment. Moreover, the operation is cumbersome and inefficient, which makes it difficult to meet the needs of automated welding production lines for rapid changeover and automatic clamping. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a tooling fixture for automated welding of irregularly shaped buckets. This fixture can change the traditional quick-change hook plate's front hook groove hook-shaped opening insertion method to a shaft that inserts along the axial straight line and simultaneously drives the internal elastic and external rigid double-sided clamping linkage, while automatically completing the centering and positioning. The entire clamping process does not require manual adjustment, effectively improving clamping efficiency and positioning accuracy.

[0005] To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution.

[0006] A tooling fixture for automated welding of irregularly shaped buckets includes a base, an irregularly shaped bucket body is provided on the upper side of the base, and quick-change hook plates are symmetrically installed on the lower crossbeam of the irregularly shaped bucket body. The quick-change hook plates are respectively provided with a front hook groove, a positioning groove and a rear hook groove. Also includes: An internal positioning assembly includes a U-shaped base slidably mounted on the top of the base, a slide block fixedly mounted inside the U-shaped base, a U-shaped support plate fixedly mounted on the top of the slide block, a rotating rod rotatably mounted on the U-shaped support plate, and insert shafts threadedly mounted at both ends of the rotating rod. The two insert shafts are respectively inserted into adjacent front hook grooves and can slide axially therein. Inner clamping plates are contacted on opposite sides of the two quick-change hook plates. The two inner clamping plates are slidably mounted with the slide block and the insert shafts. Rotating plates are threadedly mounted on the rod walls of the two insert shafts. A spring is provided between the rotating plate and the adjacent inner clamping plate. The two quick-change hook plates are provided with external clamping components on opposite sides, which are used to apply rigid clamping force to the outside of the quick-change hook plates and cooperate with the inner clamping plate to realize the double-sided axial limiting and automatic centering of the irregular bucket body.

[0007] Furthermore, the external clamping assembly includes external clamping plates that are respectively in contact with the opposite sides of the two quick-change hook plates. Both external clamping plates are slidably mounted on the slide. Each external clamping plate has a shaft opening adapted to the insertion shaft, and the insertion shaft is inserted into the shaft opening. Both opposite ends of the two insertion shafts are in contact with cylindrical blocks. Both opposite sides of the two cylindrical blocks are fixedly mounted with upper toothed plates. The upper toothed plates are slidably mounted with the side wall of the U-shaped base. A second spring is fixedly mounted between the upper toothed plates and the inner side wall of the U-shaped base. A second gear is meshed with the lower side of the upper toothed plates. The second gear is rotatably mounted on the inner side wall of the U-shaped base. A lower toothed plate is meshed with the lower side of the second gear. The lower toothed plate is fixedly mounted with one side wall of the adjacent external clamping plate. Two meshing gears are rotatably installed inside the U-shaped support plate. One set of gears is fixedly installed on the outer periphery of the rod wall of the rotating rod. A motor is fixedly installed on one side of the U-shaped support plate, and the output shaft of the motor is fixedly installed with the other gear. The preliminary positioning component includes two support seats fixedly installed on the top of the base, and two locking shafts detachably installed between the two support seats. The two locking shafts are respectively engaged in the positioning groove and the rear hook groove, which are used to provide two-point support for the irregular bucket body in the initial stage of clamping.

[0008] Furthermore, both inner clamping plates have slots on the side near the adjacent front hook grooves. Multiple sleeves with progressively larger diameters are sequentially fitted onto the rod wall of the insertion shaft. Each set of sleeves is slidably fitted together, with the innermost sleeve slidably installed against the rod wall of the insertion shaft. Each set of sleeves is located within the inner cavity of the adjacent slot, and an elastic rope is fixedly installed between each set of sleeves and the inner cavity wall of the adjacent slot.

[0009] Furthermore, each of the two outer clamping plates is fixedly equipped with a magnet block on the side near the adjacent inner clamping plate, and the diameter of the magnet block is larger than the diameter of the outermost sleeve.

[0010] Furthermore, a ring plate is rotatably mounted on the opposite sides of both rotating plates, and the two ends of the two springs are respectively fixedly mounted to the adjacent inner clamping plate and the ring plate.

[0011] Furthermore, the front wall of the slide is provided with markings to visually indicate the movement and position of the inner clamping plate during the clamping process.

[0012] Furthermore, elastic anti-slip pads are installed on the side of both the inner and outer clamping plates near the quick-change hook plate to increase the coefficient of friction between the clamping plates and the side wall of the quick-change hook plate.

[0013] Furthermore, a cylinder is provided between the two support seats, the cylinder is fixedly installed on the top of the base, and the output end of the cylinder is fixedly installed with the U-shaped base.

[0014] Furthermore, the outer walls of the insert shaft, the locking shaft, and the sleeve are all coated with lubricating oil to reduce the frictional resistance of the sliding mating surfaces and reduce wear.

[0015] Furthermore, the sleeve is made of a magnetic material, and the elasticity of the elastic rope is less than the magnetic attraction between the magnet and the sleeve.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: (1) When the insert shaft moves outward, the spring first compresses and pushes the inner clamping plate to contact the inner wall of the quick-change hook plate, thus achieving elastic clamping on the inner side. The insert shaft continues to move outward and drives the outer clamping plate to move inward through the transmission mechanism of the cylindrical block, upper toothed plate, gear 2 and lower toothed plate, forming rigid clamping on the outer side and pushing the two quick-change hook plates to move the irregular bucket body to the center of the clamp, thus achieving centering and positioning. This sequence of inner elasticity followed by outer rigidity ensures that the elastic preload acts on the quick-change hook plate before the rigid locking force. This not only compensates for the casting width tolerance through elastic deformation, avoiding clamping damage or clamping failure, but also provides a stable anti-vibration locking force, improving clamping reliability and size adaptability.

[0017] (2) The present invention directly inserts the insert shaft along the axial direction of the front hook groove, which changes the existing clamping method that requires the hook-shaped opening to be inserted at a specific angle. During the insertion process, there is no need to adjust the complex angle and posture of the workpiece or the insert shaft, which reduces the clamping difficulty and shortens the auxiliary time. With the single motor driving the two insert shafts to move synchronously and symmetrically, the front end of the quick-change hook plate is quickly and synchronously locked, which meets the needs of automated welding production lines for quick clamping and efficient changeover.

[0018] (3) The present invention automatically fills the gap between the front hook groove and the insert shaft by adsorbing the sleeve of the corresponding diameter by the magnetic block, thereby achieving adaptive compensation for casting tolerance; when the gap is too small, the cylinder pushes the U-shaped base forward to eliminate the residual gap, and then the cylinder pushes the insert shaft to finally tighten the quick-change hook plate. With the inner clamping plate and the outer clamping plate moving forward synchronously, the quick-change hook plate is double-locked in the axial clamping and front and rear tightening directions, ensuring that the irregular bucket maintains stable positional accuracy during the welding process. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall front structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a partial structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a partial structural cross-sectional view of the present invention; Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged view of the structure of section A in the middle; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the sleeve structure of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the overall side structure of the present invention; Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 6 A sectional view; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure in the unclamped state of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a side view of the quick-change hook plate of the present invention.

[0020] Explanation of the labels in the diagram: 1. Base; 101. Irregularly shaped bucket body; 102. Quick-change hook plate; 103. Front hook groove; 104. Positioning groove; 105. Rear hook groove; 106. Support base; 107. Locking shaft; 2. U-shaped base; 201. Slide; 202. U-shaped support plate; 203. Gear 1; 204. Rotating rod; 205. Motor; 206. Insert shaft; 207. Inner clamping plate; 208. Rotating plate; 209. Spring 1; 210. Circular ring plate; 3. Outer clamping plate; 301. Shaft opening; 302. Cylindrical block; 303. Upper gear plate; 304. Spring II; 305. Gear II; 306. Lower gear plate; 4. Grooving; 401. Sleeve; 402. Elastic rope; 403. Magnetic block; 5. Elastic anti-slip mat; 501, road markings; 6. Cylinder. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Please see Figures 1 to 9 A tooling fixture for automated welding of irregularly shaped buckets includes a base 1, an irregularly shaped bucket body 101 is provided on the upper side of the base 1, and quick-change hook plates 102 are symmetrically installed on the lower crossbeam of the irregularly shaped bucket body 101. The quick-change hook plates 102 are respectively provided with a front hook groove 103, a positioning groove 104, and a rear hook groove 105. Also includes: The internal positioning assembly includes a U-shaped base 2 slidably mounted on the top of the base 1, a slide 201 fixedly mounted inside the U-shaped base 2, a U-shaped support plate 202 fixedly mounted on the top of the slide 201, a rotating rod 204 rotatably mounted on the U-shaped support plate 202, and insert shafts 206 threadedly mounted at both ends of the rotating rod 204. The two insert shafts 206 are respectively inserted into adjacent front hook grooves 103 and can slide axially therein. Inner clamping plates 207 are contacted on opposite sides of the two quick-change hook plates 102. The two inner clamping plates 207 are slidably mounted with the slide 201 and the insert shafts 206. Rotating plates 208 are threadedly mounted on the rod walls of the two insert shafts 206. A spring 209 is provided between the rotating plate 208 and the adjacent inner clamping plate 207. The two quick-change hook plates 102 are provided with external clamping components on opposite sides, which are used to apply rigid clamping force to the outside of the quick-change hook plates 102 and cooperate with the inner clamping plate 207 to realize the dual-sided axial limiting and automatic centering of the irregular bucket body 101.

[0023] The external clamping assembly includes external clamping plates 3 that are respectively in contact with the opposite sides of the two quick-change hook plates 102. Both external clamping plates 3 are slidably mounted on the slide base 201. Each external clamping plate 3 has a shaft opening 301 that is adapted to the insertion shaft 206, and the insertion shaft 206 is inserted into the shaft opening 301. The opposite ends of the two insertion shafts 206 are respectively in contact with cylindrical blocks 302. The opposite sides of the two cylindrical blocks 302 are respectively fixedly mounted with upper toothed plates 303. The upper toothed plates 303 are slidably mounted with the side wall of the U-shaped base 2. A second spring 304 is fixedly mounted between the upper toothed plates 303 and the inner side wall of the U-shaped base 2. A second gear 305 is meshed with the lower side of the upper toothed plates 303. The second gear 305 is rotatably mounted on the inner side wall of the U-shaped base 2. A lower toothed plate 306 is meshed with the lower side of the second gear 305. The lower toothed plate 306 is fixedly mounted with one side wall of the adjacent external clamping plate 3. Two meshing gears 203 are rotatably installed inside the U-shaped support plate 202. One set of gears 203 is fixedly installed on the outer periphery of the rod wall of the rotating rod 204. A motor 205 is fixedly installed on one side of the U-shaped support plate 202. The output shaft of the motor 205 is fixedly installed with the other gear 203. The preliminary positioning assembly includes two support seats 106 fixedly installed on the top of the base 1. Two locking shafts 107 are detachably installed between the two support seats 106. The two locking shafts 107 are respectively engaged in the positioning groove 104 and the rear hook groove 105, which are used to provide two-point support for the irregular bucket body 101 in the initial stage of clamping.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, the irregularly shaped bucket body 101 to be welded is first inverted and hoisted. The rear hook groove 105 on the quick-change hook plate 102 is first inserted into the shaft wall of the high locking shaft 107, and then the positioning groove 104 is inserted into the shaft wall of the low locking shaft 107. The two locking shafts 107 are respectively inserted into the grooves of the positioning groove 104 and the rear hook groove 105, forming two-point support and force. At this time, the initial positioning of the irregularly shaped bucket body 101 can be achieved, and the hoisting of the irregularly shaped bucket body 101 is canceled. The irregularly shaped bucket body 101 will not tip over. In the initial state, the inner clamping plate 207 and the outer clamping plate 3 have not yet clamped the quick-change hook plate 102. At this time, the front hook groove 103 on the quick-change hook plate 102 will be located between the outer clamping plate 3 and the inner clamping plate 207. The circular groove core in the front hook groove 103 on the quick-change hook plate 102 will be aligned with the shaft core of the insertion shaft 206. When motor 205 is turned on, its output shaft drives the lower gear 203 to rotate. Simultaneously, the rotation of the lower gear 203 drives the rotating rod 204 to rotate on the U-shaped support plate 202 via the upper gear 203. The rod 204 is slidably connected to the inner clamping plate 207 via the insert shaft 206. The insert shaft 206 cannot rotate on the inner clamping plate 207, but can only slide horizontally. At this time, the rotation of the rotating rod 204, through the thread, drives the two insert shafts 206 to move symmetrically towards the quick-change hook plate 102. The two insert shafts 206 achieve synchronous symmetrical movement through the meshing gear 203, ensuring that the moving speed and displacement of the left and right insert shafts 206 are consistent, preventing the irregularly shaped bucket body 101 from tilting due to clamping on one side first. Simultaneously, the movement of the insert shafts 206 drives the rotating plate 208 to move synchronously. The rotating plate 208, through spring... The elastic force of spring 209 will push the inner clamping plate 207 to move synchronously with the insert shaft 206. The inner clamping plate 207 moves on the top of the slide block 201. When the outer end of the insert shaft 206 is inserted into the front hook groove 103 and continues to move outward, the inner clamping plate 207 will contact the inner wall of the quick-change hook plate 102. When the insert shaft 206 continues to move outward, the insert shaft 206 will drive the rotating plate 208 to move synchronously and squeeze the spring 209. At this time, synchronous elastic clamping of the inner sides of the two quick-change hook plates 102 can be achieved. This elastic clamping process automatically adapts to the casting width tolerance of the quick-change hook plate 102 through the compression deformation of spring 209, avoiding the problem of clamping damage or insufficient clamping caused by rigid clamping, and preventing the irregular bucket body 101 from shifting, so as to provide initial attitude stability for the irregular bucket body 101. As the insert shaft 206 continues to move outward, it will move into the shaft opening 301 on the outer clamping plate 3. Initially, the cylindrical block 302 is inside the shaft opening 301. When the outer end of the insert shaft 206 enters the shaft opening 301, the outer end of the insert shaft 206 will contact the cylindrical block 302 and push the cylindrical block 302 to move outward. At the same time as the cylindrical block 302 moves outward, it will drive the upper gear plate 303 to move synchronously. During the outward movement of the upper gear plate 303, it will continuously compress the second spring 304. At the same time as the upper gear plate 303 moves, it will drive the lower gear plate 306 to move inward through the second gear 305. At this time, the lower gear plate 306 can drive the outer clamping plate 3 on the slide 201 to move towards the quick-change hook plate 10. When the two outer clamping plates 3 contact the outer side wall of the quick-change hook plate 102 respectively, the two quick-change hook plates 102 can be rigidly clamped on the outside. At the same time, the rigid clamping can overcome the friction of the positioning groove 104 and the rear hook groove 105 on the locking shaft 107 caused by the weight of the irregular bucket body 101 itself. This allows the two quick-change hook plates 102 to push the irregular bucket body 101 to the center on this tooling fixture. This process realizes the automatic centering and positioning of the irregular bucket body 101 without the need for manual adjustment of the workpiece position. It solves the technical problem in the prior art that it is difficult to ensure accurate centering of the workpiece due to manual adjustment, and meets the needs of automated welding production lines for fast and accurate clamping. By interlocking the insert shaft 206 with the front hook groove 103 on the quick-change hook plate 102, the insertion method changes from the hook-shaped opening of the front hook groove 103 to axial insertion into the front hook groove 103. This avoids the previous need to control the complex angle of the workpiece and shaft to achieve the insertion work, and allows for quick clamping without adjusting to a specific posture. This through-shaft type of interlocking further simplifies the clamping operation and shortens the clamping time. Combined with the above-mentioned linkage clamping and centering positioning process, it realizes fully automated clamping from initial positioning to double-sided clamping and automatic centering, effectively improving the clamping efficiency and positioning consistency of the irregular bucket automated welding production line.

[0025] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, by adopting the above technical solution, slots 4 are opened on the side of the two inner clamping plates 207 near the adjacent front hook grooves 103. Multiple sleeves 401 with progressively larger diameters are sequentially sleeved on the rod wall of the insert shaft 206. Each set of sleeves 401 is slidably sleeved with each other. The innermost sleeve 401 is slidably installed with the rod wall of the insert shaft 206. Each set of sleeves 401 is set in the inner cavity of the adjacent slot 4. An elastic rope 402 is fixedly installed between each set of sleeves 401 and the inner cavity wall of the adjacent slot 4.

[0026] Magnet blocks 403 are fixedly installed on the side of each of the two outer clamping plates 3 near the adjacent inner clamping plate 207. The diameter of the magnet blocks 403 is larger than the diameter of the outermost sleeve 401.

[0027] By adopting the above technical solution, in the initial state, the magnet 403 and the sleeve 401 are not within the magnetic attraction range. After the inner clamping plate 207 contacts the inner sidewall of the quick-change hook plate 102, during the process of the outer clamping plate 3 moving towards the outer sidewall of the quick-change hook plate 102, when the outer clamping plate 3 is about to contact the quick-change hook plate 102, the magnet 403 and the sleeve 401 enter the magnetic attraction range. When the diameter of the circular groove in the front hook groove 103 is greater than the diameter of the insert shaft 206, there will be a gap between the insert shaft 206 and the front hook groove 103. When this gap is greater than the diameter of the corresponding sleeve 401, the magnet 403 will attract the corresponding sleeve 401 and move it to the position between the insert shaft 206 and the front hook groove 103. The gap between the three is filled, which realizes the automatic identification and selective compensation of the fit gap between the insert shaft 206 and the front hook groove 103. The sleeves 401 of different diameters are magnetically driven to the corresponding positions according to the gap size. This avoids the problem of locking stability caused by excessive gap and the clamping difficulty caused by interference fit. The sleeves 401 larger than the gap diameter will be blocked on the side wall of the quick-change hook plate 102. During the movement of the sleeves 401, the elastic rope 402 on them will be stretched accordingly. Through the elastic rope 402, the sleeves 401 can automatically reset after the gap compensation is completed and they are pulled away from the magnetic attraction range of the magnet block 403 without manual intervention.

[0028] like Figure 4 As shown, by adopting the above technical solution, a ring plate 210 is rotatably installed on the opposite sides of the two rotating plates 208, and the two ends of the two springs 209 are fixedly installed with the adjacent inner clamping plate 207 and the ring plate 210 respectively.

[0029] By adopting the above technical solution, when the insertion shaft 206 moves, it will drive the rotating plate 208 to move synchronously. The rotating plate 208 will drive the spring 209 through the annular plate 210 to push the inner clamping plate 207 to move synchronously. By setting the annular plate 210, rotating the rotating plate 208 on the thread on the outer wall of the insertion shaft 206 can adjust the initial position of the inner clamping plate 207 on the insertion shaft 206, thereby adjusting the initial position of the inner clamping plate 207 and the quick-change hook plate 102. The distance between the inner clamping plate 207 and the quick-change hook plate 102 is adjusted to quickly adapt to different width specifications of the quick-change hook plate 102 without replacing parts, thus expanding the versatility of this tooling fixture and avoiding the cumbersome operation of redesigning or replacing the fixture for different specifications of buckets. At the same time, by adjusting the initial distance between the inner clamping plate 207 and the quick-change hook plate 102, the initial compression of the spring-209 can also be further adjusted, thereby realizing the adjustment of the clamping elastic force to adapt to the different clamping force requirements of the irregularly shaped bucket body 101 with different weight specifications.

[0030] like Figure 2 and Figure 4As shown, by adopting the above technical solution, a marking line 501 is provided on the front wall of the slide 201 to visually indicate the movement stroke and position status of the inner clamping plate 207 during the clamping process.

[0031] Both the inner clamping plate 207 and the outer clamping plate 3 are equipped with elastic anti-slip pads 5 on the side near the quick-change hook plate 102 to increase the coefficient of friction between the clamping plate and the side wall of the quick-change hook plate 102.

[0032] By adopting the above technical solution and setting the markings 501, the distance the inner clamping plate 207 moves can be seen intuitively during the clamping process of the inner clamping plate 207 on the quick-change hook plate 102. At the same time, when the initial position of the inner clamping plate 207 on the insert shaft 206 is adjusted by rotating the rotating plate 208, the position change after adjustment can also be seen intuitively through the markings 501. This provides a visual position reference for the clamping of quick-change hook plates 102 of different specifications, and the initial position can be set and verified without the aid of external measuring tools. By setting the elastic anti-slip pad 5, the friction force between the outer clamping plate 3 and the inner clamping plate 207 and the side wall of the quick-change hook plate 102 can be increased, effectively resisting the lateral slippage caused by vibration and thermal stress generated during welding, ensuring the stability of clamping and positioning. At the same time, the elastic anti-slip pad can also buffer the rigid impact between the clamping plate and the casting surface of the quick-change hook plate 102, avoiding damage to the side panel of the quick-change hook plate 102.

[0033] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 7 As shown, by adopting the above technical solution, a cylinder 6 is provided between the two support seats 106. The cylinder 6 is fixedly installed on the top of the base 1, and the output end of the cylinder 6 is fixedly installed with the U-shaped base 2.

[0034] The outer walls of the insert shaft 206, locking shaft 107, and sleeve 401 are all coated with lubricating oil to reduce the frictional resistance of the sliding mating surfaces and reduce wear.

[0035] The sleeve 401 is made of magnetic material, and the elasticity of the elastic rope 402 is less than the magnetic attraction between the magnet 403 and the sleeve 401.

[0036] By adopting the above technical solution, after the insertion shaft 206 is inserted into the front hook groove 103, when there is a gap between the insertion shaft 206 and the front hook groove 103, and the diameter of the gap is smaller than the smallest sleeve 401, and the smallest sleeve 401 cannot be sucked in to fill it, before the outer clamping plate 3 and the sleeve 401 enter the magnetic attraction range and before the outer clamping plate 3 clamps the quick-change hook plate 102, the control cylinder 6 is opened. The output end of the cylinder 6 pushes the U-shaped base 2 and the entire component on it to move forward, so that... Once the outer wall of the insert shaft 206 contacts the inner wall of the front hook groove 103, close the cylinder 6. When the corresponding sleeve 401 fills the gap between the insert shaft 206 and the front hook groove 103, and there is still a gap between the sleeve 401 and the front hook groove 103, similarly, before the outer clamping plate 3 and the sleeve 401 enter the magnetic attraction range and before the outer clamping plate 3 clamps the quick-change hook plate 102, open the control cylinder 6 to push the U-shaped base 2 forward so that the outer wall of the sleeve 401 contacts the inner wall of the front hook groove 103. Once the inner wall is in contact, cylinder 6 is closed to facilitate the subsequent tightening of the quick-change hook plate 102 by pushing the insert shaft 206 forward. Lubricating oil is applied to the outer walls of the insert shaft 206, locking shaft 107, and sleeve 401 to reduce friction and further minimize wear. After the outer clamping plate 3 rigidly clamps the outer wall of the quick-change hook plate 102, cylinder 6 is activated. The output end of cylinder 6 extends and pushes the insert shaft 206 forward, tightening the quick-change hook plate 102 through the front hook groove 103. Simultaneously, the outer clamping plate 3 and inner clamping plate 207 synchronously clamp the side wall of the quick-change hook plate 102, moving in the same direction as the insert shaft 206. This achieves dual locking of the quick-change hook plate 102 in both the axial clamping direction and the front-to-back tightening direction, ensuring the stable positional accuracy of the irregularly shaped bucket body 101 throughout the automated welding process. This improves the stability of clamping and positioning, effectively guaranteeing the consistency of weld quality during the welding process.

[0037] Working principle: First, the base 1 is fixedly installed on the tilting worktable. Then, the irregularly shaped bucket body 101 to be welded is inverted and hoisted. First, the rear hook groove 105 is inserted into the high locking shaft 107, and then the positioning groove 104 is inserted into the low locking shaft 107, forming two-point support. At this time, the core of the front hook groove 103 is aligned with the core of the insert shaft 206, completing the initial positioning. The motor 205 is turned on, and the two insert shafts 206 are driven to move synchronously to both sides through the gear 203 and the rotating rod 204. 06 The inner clamping plate 207 is pushed to slide by the rotating plate 208, the annular plate 210 and the spring 209. After the insert shaft 206 is inserted into the front hook groove 103, the inner clamping plate 207 contacts the inner wall of the quick-change hook plate 102. The spring 209 is compressed to achieve elastic clamping on the inner side. Rotating the rotating plate 208 can adjust the initial position of the inner clamping plate 207 and the compression amount of the spring 209 to adapt to different specifications of irregularly shaped bucket bodies 101. The marking line 501 is used to visually observe the movement stroke of the inner clamping plate 207. The insert shaft 206 continues to move outward into the shaft opening 301 and pushes the cylindrical block 302. The cylindrical block 302 drives the outer clamping plate 3 to move inward through the upper toothed plate 303, the second gear 305 and the lower toothed plate 306, contacting the outer wall of the quick-change hook plate 102 to form a rigid clamping, pushing the irregular bucket body 101 to the center. The elastic anti-slip pad 5 is installed on the inner clamping plate 207 and the outer clamping plate 3 on the side close to the quick-change hook plate 102 to increase the clamping friction. During this period, the magnet block 403 attracts the sleeve 401 of the corresponding diameter to fill the gap between the front hook groove 103 and the insert shaft 206 to eliminate the fit gap. When the gap is too small, the cylinder 6 pushes the U-shaped base 2 forward to eliminate the gap, ensuring that the insert shaft 206 can effectively tighten the quick-change hook plate 102. Finally, cylinder 6 pushes U-shaped base 2 forward, insert shaft 206 pulls quick-change hook plate 102 through front hook groove 103, while inner clamping plate 207 and outer clamping plate 3 hold the side wall of quick-change hook plate 102 and move forward synchronously with insert shaft 206, completing the final positioning and clamping of irregular bucket body 101, so that the welding robot can perform automated welding work on irregular bucket body 101.

[0038] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention; however, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and its improved concepts, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tooling fixture for automated welding of irregularly shaped buckets, comprising a base (1), wherein an irregularly shaped bucket body (101) is provided on the upper side of the base (1), and quick-change hook plates (102) are symmetrically installed on the lower crossbeam of the irregularly shaped bucket body (101), wherein a front hook groove (103), a positioning groove (104), and a rear hook groove (105) are respectively provided on the quick-change hook plates (102). Its features are: Also includes: The internal positioning assembly includes a U-shaped base (2) slidably mounted on the top of the base (1), a slide (201) fixedly mounted inside the U-shaped base (2), a U-shaped support plate (202) fixedly mounted on the top of the slide (201), a rotating rod (204) rotatably mounted on the U-shaped support plate (202), and insert shafts (206) threaded onto both ends of the rotating rod (204). The two insert shafts (206) are respectively inserted into adjacent... The front hook groove (103) is axially slidable therein. The two quick-change hook plates (102) are provided with inner clamping plates (207) on opposite sides. The two inner clamping plates (207) are slidably installed with the slide (201) and the insert shaft (206). The two insert shafts (206) are threaded with rotating plates (208). A spring (209) is provided between the rotating plate (208) and the adjacent inner clamping plate (207). The two quick-change hook plates (102) are provided with external clamping components on opposite sides for applying rigid clamping force to the outside of the quick-change hook plates (102) and cooperating with the inner clamping plate (207) to achieve double-sided axial limiting and automatic centering of the irregular bucket body (101).

2. The tooling fixture for automated welding of irregularly shaped buckets according to claim 1, characterized in that: The external clamping assembly includes external clamping plates (3) respectively contacting the opposite sides of the two quick-change hook plates (102). Both external clamping plates (3) are slidably mounted on the slide block (201). Each external clamping plate (3) has a shaft opening (301) adapted to the insertion shaft (206), and the insertion shaft (206) is inserted into the shaft opening (301). The opposite ends of the two insertion shafts (206) are contacted by cylindrical blocks (302), and upper toothed plates (303) are fixedly mounted on the opposite sides of the two cylindrical blocks (302). The upper toothed plate (303) is slidably installed on the side wall of the U-shaped base (2). A spring (304) is fixedly installed between the upper toothed plate (303) and the inner side wall of the U-shaped base (2). A gear (305) is meshed on the lower side of the upper toothed plate (303). The gear (305) is rotatably installed on the inner side wall of the U-shaped base (2). A lower toothed plate (306) is meshed on the lower side of the gear (305). The lower toothed plate (306) is fixedly installed on one side wall of the adjacent outer clamping plate (3). Two meshing gears (203) are rotatably installed inside the U-shaped support plate (202). One set of gears (203) is fixedly installed on the outer periphery of the rod wall of the rotating rod (204). A motor (205) is fixedly installed on one side of the U-shaped support plate (202). The output shaft of the motor (205) is fixedly installed with the other gear (203). The preliminary positioning assembly includes two support seats (106) fixedly installed on the top of the base (1), and two locking shafts (107) detachably installed between the two support seats (106). The two locking shafts (107) are respectively engaged in the positioning groove (104) and the rear hook groove (105) to provide two-point support for the irregular bucket body (101) in the initial stage of clamping.

3. The tooling fixture for automated welding of irregularly shaped buckets according to claim 2, characterized in that: Both inner clamping plates (207) have slots (4) on the side near the adjacent front hook groove (103). Multiple sleeves (401) with progressively increasing diameters are sequentially fitted on the rod wall of the insert shaft (206). Each set of sleeves (401) is slidably fitted together. The innermost sleeve (401) is slidably installed on the rod wall of the insert shaft (206). Each set of sleeves (401) is located in the inner cavity of the adjacent slot (4). An elastic rope (402) is fixedly installed between each set of sleeves (401) and the inner cavity wall of the adjacent slot (4).

4. The tooling fixture for automated welding of irregularly shaped buckets according to claim 3, characterized in that: Magnet blocks (403) are fixedly installed on the side of each of the two outer clamping plates (3) near the adjacent inner clamping plate (207). The diameter of the magnet blocks (403) is larger than the diameter of the outermost sleeve (401).

5. The tooling fixture for automated welding of irregularly shaped buckets according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both of the two rotating plates (208) have a ring plate (210) rotatably mounted on their opposite sides, and the two ends of the two springs (209) are fixedly mounted to the adjacent inner clamping plate (207) and the ring plate (210) respectively.

6. The tooling fixture for automated welding of irregularly shaped buckets according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front wall of the slide (201) is provided with a marking line (501) to visually indicate the movement stroke and position status of the inner clamping plate (207) during the clamping process.

7. The tooling fixture for automated welding of irregularly shaped buckets according to claim 2, characterized in that: Both the inner clamping plate (207) and the outer clamping plate (3) are equipped with elastic anti-slip pads (5) on the side near the quick-change hook plate (102) to increase the friction coefficient between the clamping plate and the side wall of the quick-change hook plate (102).

8. The tooling fixture for automated welding of irregularly shaped buckets according to claim 2, characterized in that: A cylinder (6) is provided between the two support seats (106). The cylinder (6) is fixedly installed on the top of the base (1), and the output end of the cylinder (6) is fixedly installed with the U-shaped base (2).

9. A tooling fixture for automated welding of irregularly shaped buckets according to claim 3, characterized in that: The outer walls of the insert shaft (206), the locking shaft (107), and the sleeve (401) are all coated with lubricating oil to reduce the frictional resistance of the sliding mating surfaces and reduce wear.

10. A tooling fixture for automated welding of irregularly shaped buckets according to claim 3, characterized in that: The sleeve (401) is made of magnetic material, and the elasticity of the elastic rope (402) is less than the magnetic attraction between the magnet (403) and the sleeve (401).

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