Pressing machine and method for auxiliary bearing pressing

Abstract

The application relates to a press mounting machine and a method for assisting bearing press mounting. The press mounting machine comprises a frame, and a wheel set is arranged in the frame. The wheel set comprises an axle and two wheels sleeved on the axle. A base is arranged in a press mounting space, and a first press mounting oil cylinder and a second press mounting oil cylinder are arranged on the frame, the telescopic ends of the two press mounting oil cylinders are arranged opposite to and coaxial with each other, and a press mounting reference line is arranged between the first press mounting oil cylinder and the second press mounting oil cylinder. The first press mounting oil cylinder is used for press mounting bearings on a first end of the axle, and the second press mounting oil cylinder is used for press mounting bearings on a second end of the axle. First lifting assemblies and second lifting assemblies for lifting the wheel sets on two sides are arranged on the base. The method that the two sides are independently controlled to be lifted can level the wheel sets on two sides, make the central axis of the wheel set coincide with the press mounting reference line, ensure the concentricity between the axle of the wheel set and the two press mounting oil cylinders, and avoid the bearings from being deviated and inclined during the bearing press mounting process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of bearing press-fitting technology, and in particular to a press-fitting machine and an auxiliary bearing press-fitting method. Background Technology

[0002] In the press-fitting and maintenance of railway bearings, the common method is to use a press-fitting machine. Specifically, this relies on the extension of hydraulic cylinders on both sides of the press-fitting machine, using the telescopic ends of these cylinders to precisely position the two ends of the bearing wheelset. From the perspective of mechanical principles and practical engineering needs, the hydraulic cylinders must have sufficient resistance to deformation to ensure stable positioning and force application to the wheelset during the press-fitting process. To meet this resistance requirement, existing designs often require very large hydraulic cylinders on both sides. This is because the resistance to deformation of the hydraulic cylinder is related to its own structural dimensions to a certain extent; a larger size provides stronger structural stability. Furthermore, the press-fitting force calculation is based on the cylinder area; increasing the size means increasing the cylinder area, and consequently, increasing the press-fitting force.

[0003] However, existing hydraulic cylinders in press-fitting machines have numerous problems, making it difficult to meet the actual needs of railway bearing press-fitting and maintenance. On one hand, wheelsets have a significant weight, requiring the hydraulic cylinder to apply substantial pressing force to both ends to ensure stability during press-fitting. However, in practice, this force applied for stability is often excessive. Excessive pressing force on the wheelset easily leads to bending deformation. Once the wheelset bends, it severely affects the pass rate of the press-fitting curve. The press-fitting curve reflects the relationship between force and displacement during press-fitting and is a crucial indicator of press-fitting quality. A low pass rate means a large number of press-fitting operations fail to meet quality standards, requiring rework or scrapping, which not only increases production costs but also reduces production efficiency. On the other hand, wheelset bending deformation directly leads to poor bearing press-fitting quality, affecting bearing lifespan and train operation safety. For example, a bent wheelset may cause inaccurate bearing installation, resulting in abnormal vibration and wear during train operation, increasing the risk of train malfunctions.

[0004] In summary, the existing hydraulic cylinder technology of railway bearing press-fitting machines urgently needs improvement to solve problems such as excessive pressing force, easy bending of wheelsets, and poor pressing quality, so as to meet the railway transportation industry's demand for high-quality and high-efficiency bearing press-fitting and maintenance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a press machine and a method for press-fitting auxiliary bearings to address the problem of clamping and bending wheelsets in press-fitting machines.

[0006] A press-fitting machine, comprising:

[0007] The frame has an internal pressing space for placing wheelsets.

[0008] The base is located within the press-fitting space;

[0009] The first press-fit cylinder is mounted on the frame;

[0010] The second pressing cylinder is mounted on the frame and is positioned opposite to the first pressing cylinder. There is a pressing reference line between the first pressing cylinder and the second pressing cylinder.

[0011] The first lifting assembly, mounted on the base, is used to lift one side of the wheelset.

[0012] The second lifting assembly, mounted on the base, is used to lift the other wheel of the wheelset;

[0013] The first and second lifting components are used to lift the wheelset until the center axis of the wheelset coincides with the press-fit reference line.

[0014] The first and second press-fit cylinders are used to position and press-fit the bearings onto both ends of the wheelset axle, respectively.

[0015] In one embodiment, the first lifting assembly and the second lifting assembly have the same structure, both including:

[0016] The lifting platform is movably connected to the base and can be raised and lowered relative to the base in the vertical direction;

[0017] A linear lift is installed on a base and connected to a lifting platform, used to drive the lifting platform to move up and down in a vertical direction.

[0018] In one embodiment, the first lifting assembly and the second lifting assembly include:

[0019] Support transition block, connected to the lifting shaft of the linear lift;

[0020] A connecting block is located on the top surface of the supporting transition block and is connected to the lifting plate;

[0021] An auxiliary support cylinder is located on the bottom surface of the support transition block and corresponds to the connecting block. It is used to support the connecting block through the support transition block.

[0022] In one embodiment, the first lifting assembly and the second lifting assembly include:

[0023] The transition rod includes a first rod segment and a second rod segment connected together; the supporting transition block has a through hole, and the connecting block and the auxiliary support cylinder are respectively set on the outer sides of the two ends of the through hole;

[0024] The first rod segment is placed inside the through hole and supports the bottom surface of the connecting block; the second rod segment passes through the connecting block, and the end of the second rod segment protrudes out of the connecting block in a direction away from the second rod segment;

[0025] Fasteners are fitted onto the end of the second rod segment to engage with the clamping connecting block of the first rod segment.

[0026] The auxiliary support cylinder has a piston rod that extends into a through hole, and the end of the piston rod is connected to the first rod segment; the auxiliary support cylinder drives the transition rod through the piston rod.

[0027] In one embodiment, the connecting blocks are configured as two blocks, and are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the top surface of the supporting transition block;

[0028] The auxiliary support cylinder's corresponding connecting block is set on the bottom surface of the support transition block.

[0029] In one embodiment, a linear elevator is provided in both the first lifting assembly and the second lifting assembly, and the lifting shafts of the two linear elevators are located in the same reference plane, which is opened along the vertical direction.

[0030] The center axis of the wheelset lies within the reference plane;

[0031] The two auxiliary support cylinders located within the first lifting assembly are symmetrically arranged with respect to the reference plane.

[0032] The two auxiliary support cylinders located within the second lifting assembly are symmetrically arranged relative to the reference plane.

[0033] In one embodiment, the first lifting assembly and the second lifting assembly include: a baffle disposed on one side of the lifting plate, the baffle being used to restrict the movement of the wheel along the axial direction of the wheelset.

[0034] A method for auxiliary bearing press-fitting, applicable to the aforementioned press-fitting machine, comprising:

[0035] The wheelset's weight is obtained, and the first and second lifting components are used to lift the wheels on both sides of the wheelset until the center axis of the wheelset coincides with the pressing reference line. Then, the bearing is pressed onto the first end of the axle by the first pressing cylinder, and the bearing is pressed onto the second end of the axle by the second pressing cylinder.

[0036] Determine the center of gravity position of the wheelset, and obtain the first distance from the center of gravity position to the first end of the axle and the second distance from the center of gravity position to the second end of the axle;

[0037] The first end moment of the axle is calculated by the weight of the wheelset, the first distance, and the second distance, and the first support force of the first press-fit cylinder extension end on the first end of the axle is obtained; and the second end moment of the axle is calculated to obtain the second support force of the second press-fit cylinder extension end on the second end of the axle.

[0038] Calculate the third supporting force required by the first lifting assembly to support the wheel and the fourth supporting force required by the second lifting assembly to support the wheel.

[0039] The first lifting component is controlled to apply a third supporting force to the wheel, while the second lifting component is controlled to apply a fourth supporting force to the wheel.

[0040] In one embodiment, the wheelset includes a tractor wheelset and a motor wheelset;

[0041] When the wheelset is configured as a trailer wheelset, the above-mentioned calculation of the endpoint torque of the first end of the axle using the weight of the wheelset, the first distance, and the second distance, to obtain the first supporting force of the first press-fit cylinder extension end on the first end of the axle; and calculation of the endpoint torque of the second end of the axle to obtain the second supporting force of the second press-fit cylinder extension end on the second end of the axle, including:

[0042] The first support force is equal to the product of the wheelset weight and the second distance, divided by the sum of the first distance and the second distance;

[0043] The second support force is equal to the product of the wheelset weight and the first distance, divided by the sum of the first distance and the second distance;

[0044] When the wheelset is configured as a motor wheelset, the above-mentioned calculation of the endpoint torque of the first end of the axle using the weight of the wheelset, the first distance, and the second distance, to obtain the first supporting force of the first press-fit cylinder extension end on the first end of the axle; and calculation of the endpoint torque of the second end of the axle to obtain the second supporting force of the second press-fit cylinder extension end on the second end of the axle, including:

[0045] The first supporting force is equal to the weight of the wheelset multiplied by the distance from the center of gravity to the second end of the axle, and then divided by the sum of the distances from the center of gravity to both ends of the axle;

[0046] The second support force is equal to the weight of the wheelset multiplied by the distance from the center of gravity to the first end of the axle, and then divided by the sum of the distances from the center of gravity to both ends of the axle.

[0047] In one embodiment, calculating the third support force required for the first lifting assembly to support the wheel and the fourth support force required for the second lifting assembly to support the wheel includes:

[0048] The sum of the first and third supporting forces is equal to the sum of the second and fourth supporting forces;

[0049] The first lifting assembly includes two auxiliary support cylinders, and the two auxiliary support cylinders provide a first floating support force and a second floating support force to one side of the wheel, respectively.

[0050] The third supporting force is equal to the sum of the first floating supporting force and the second floating supporting force;

[0051] The second lifting assembly includes two auxiliary support cylinders, and the two auxiliary support cylinders provide a third floating support force and a fourth floating support force to the other wheel, respectively.

[0052] The fourth support force equals the third floating support force plus the fourth floating support force;

[0053] When the wheelset is set as a motor wheelset, the third support force and the fourth support force are not equal; the third support force can be adjusted by adjusting the first floating support force and the second floating support force; the fourth support force can be adjusted by adjusting the third floating support force and the fourth floating support force.

[0054] The pressing machine includes a frame with a pressing space within it for placing wheelsets. Each wheelset consists of an axle and two wheels mounted on it. A base is located within the pressing space, and a first pressing cylinder and a second pressing cylinder are mounted on the frame, their extension ends facing each other and coaxially aligned. A pressing reference line exists between the extension ends of the first and second pressing cylinders. When pressing bearings, the first pressing cylinder presses the bearing onto the first end of the axle, and the second pressing cylinder presses it onto the second end. A first lifting assembly and a second lifting assembly are mounted on the base to lift the wheelsets on both sides. This independent lifting control on both sides allows for better leveling of the wheelsets and ensures that the center axis of the wheelsets coincides with the pressing reference line between the extension ends of the two cylinders. This guarantees the concentricity of the wheelset's axis with the pressing cylinders on both sides of the machine, preventing bearing misalignment or tilting during the pressing process.

[0055] This application also provides a method for auxiliary bearing press fitting, applicable to the aforementioned press fitting machine, and has the aforementioned beneficial effects. Attached Figure Description

[0056] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the press-fitting machine provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0057] Figure 2 This is a side view of the press machine provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0058] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A magnified view of a portion of the lifting assembly.

[0059] Figure 4This is a detailed structural diagram of the lifting assembly provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0060] Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the auxiliary bearing press-fitting method provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0061] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the press-fitting machine used in this application to press-fit a bearing onto a trailer wheel set.

[0062] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the press-fitting machine used in this application to press-fit bearings onto a train wheelset.

[0063] Icon labels:

[0064] 1. Framework;

[0065] 2. Wheelset; 2.1 Wheel; 2.2 Axle;

[0066] 3. Base; 4. First pressing cylinder; 5. Second pressing cylinder; 6. First lifting assembly; 7. Second lifting assembly; 8. Lifting plate; 8.1. Support groove;

[0067] 9. Linear lift; 9.1 Lifting shaft; 10. Support transition block; 11. Connecting block; 12. Auxiliary support cylinder; 12.1 Piston rod;

[0068] 13. Transition pole; 13.1. First pole segment; 13.2. Second pole segment;

[0069] 14. Through hole; 15. Fastener; 16. Baffle; 17. Lifting guide mechanism; 18. Bearing; 19. Gear motor;

[0070] A. The first end of the trailer wheel relative to the axle; B. The second end of the trailer wheel relative to the axle; C. The first end of the motor vehicle wheel relative to the axle; D. The second end of the motor vehicle wheel relative to the axle. Detailed Implementation

[0071] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0072] In the description of this application, it should be understood that if terms such as "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" appear, these terms indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0073] Furthermore, where the terms "first" and "second" appear, these terms are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, where the term "multiple" appears, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0074] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0075] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the use of descriptions such as "above" or "below" the second feature indicates that the first and second features are in direct contact or indirect contact via an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. Similarly, "below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0076] It should be noted that if an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. If an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. If so, the terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this application are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0077] See Figure 1 -Appendix Figure 4 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the press-fitting machine provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 This is a side view of the press machine provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 3 for Figure 1 A magnified view of a portion of the lifting assembly. Figure 4 This is a detailed structural diagram of the lifting assembly provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0078] A pressing machine includes: a frame 1, a base 3, a first lifting assembly 6, and a second lifting assembly 7. The frame 1 has a pressing space inside for placing wheelsets 2; the base 3 is disposed within the pressing space; a first pressing cylinder 4 is disposed on the frame 1; a second pressing cylinder 5 is also disposed on the frame 1 and is positioned opposite to the first pressing cylinder 4, with a pressing reference line between the first pressing cylinder 4 and the second pressing cylinder 5. The pressing reference line refers to the virtual line segment formed by the first pressing cylinder 4 and the second pressing cylinder 5 relative to each other, used as a reference for subsequent descriptions.

[0079] The wheelset 2 includes a wheel 2.1 and an axle 2.2. A wheel 2.1 is fitted on each side of the axle 2.2. A first lifting assembly 6 is mounted on a base 3 to lift one side of the wheel 2.1 of the wheelset 2; a second lifting assembly 7 is mounted on the base 3 to lift the other side of the wheel 2. The first lifting assembly 6 and the second lifting assembly 7 are used to lift the wheelset 2 until the central axis of the wheelset 2 coincides with the pressing reference line; the first pressing cylinder 4 and the second pressing cylinder 5 are used to position and press the bearings 18 onto both ends of the axle 2.2 of the wheelset 2.

[0080] By adopting a method of independently controlling the lifting on both sides, the wheelset 2 can be better leveled and the central axis of the wheelset 2 can be made to coincide with the pressing reference line between the extension and retraction ends of the two cylinders. This ensures the concentricity of the axis of the wheelset 2 with the pressing cylinders on both sides of the pressing machine, and avoids the bearing 18 from shifting or tilting during the pressing process.

[0081] More specifically, the press-fitting machine includes a frame 1, within which a press-fitting space is provided for placing the wheelset 2 during press-fitting. The wheelset 2 includes an axle 2.2 and two wheels 2.1 fitted onto the axle 2.2. A base 3 is provided inside the press-fitting space. A first press-fitting cylinder 4 and a second press-fitting cylinder 5 are respectively provided on the frame 1. Firstly, the telescopic ends of the first press-fitting cylinder 4 and the second press-fitting cylinder 5 are positioned opposite each other and are coaxial. A press-fitting reference line is provided between the telescopic ends of the first press-fitting cylinder 4 and the second press-fitting cylinder 5. When pressing the bearing 18 onto the wheelset 2, the first press-fitting cylinder 4 is used to press the bearing 18 onto the first end of the axle 2.2, while the second press-fitting cylinder 5 is used to press the bearing 18 onto the second end of the axle 2.2.

[0082] A first lifting assembly 6 and a second lifting assembly 7 are provided on the base 3. The first lifting assembly 6 is used to lift one side wheel 2.1 of the wheelset 2, which is located at the first end near the axle 2.2. Similarly, the second lifting assembly 7 is used to lift the wheel 2.1 on the wheelset 2 near the second end near the axle 2.2. The first lifting assembly 6 and the second lifting assembly 7 on both sides control the lifting, leveling both sides of the wheelset 2 and aligning the central axis of the wheelset 2 with the pressing reference line between the extension and retraction ends of the two hydraulic cylinders.

[0083] The telescopic ends of the two pressing cylinders are arranged opposite each other and coaxially, and have a pressing reference line. When installing wheelset 2, the first pressing cylinder 4 is used to press the first end of axle 2.2, and the second pressing cylinder 5 is used to press the second end of axle 2.2. This design can ensure that axle 2.2 is subjected to uniform force during the pressing process and is pressed along a specific axial direction, thereby improving the pressing accuracy.

[0084] The first lifting assembly 6 and the second lifting assembly 7 on both sides can be controlled to lift the wheelset 2 independently, and can level both sides of the wheelset 2, making the central axis of the wheelset 2 coincide with the pressing reference line between the extension and retraction ends of the two hydraulic cylinders. This ensures that the wheelset 2 is in the correct position within the pressing space, further improving the pressing accuracy.

[0085] The first lifting assembly is used to lift the wheel 2.1 on one side of the wheelset 2 near the first end of the axle 2.2, and the second lifting assembly is used to lift the wheel 2.1 on the wheelset 2 near the second end of the axle 2.2. The lifting is controlled on both sides respectively, and can be adjusted individually according to the actual situation, which improves the flexibility of operation.

[0086] It can adapt to the pressing requirements of wheelsets 2 and bearings 18 of different specifications. For some wheelsets 2 that may have asymmetrical differences on both sides, accurate pressing can also be achieved by adjusting the lifting components.

[0087] Precise press-fitting ensures a tight and reliable connection between bearing 18 and axle 2.2, improving the overall quality of wheelset 2. It avoids problems such as loosening or misalignment of bearing 18 caused by inaccurate press-fitting, reducing potential safety hazards during later use.

[0088] In the embodiments of this application, the first lifting assembly 6 and the second lifting assembly 7 have the same structure, both including: a lifting plate 8 and a linear lift 9. The lifting plate 8 is movably connected to the base 3 and can be raised and lowered relative to the base 3 in the vertical direction; the linear lift 9 is disposed on the base 3 and connected to the lifting plate 8, and is used to drive the lifting plate 8 to rise and lower in the vertical direction.

[0089] The geared motor 19 serves as the power source for the linear lift 9, driving the lift 9 to lift the wheelset 2. Driven by the geared motor 19, the lifting speed of the wheelset 2 is controllable, and the lifting height is controlled in a closed loop via encoder feedback, ensuring the concentricity of the wheelset 2's axle and the pressing cylinder. Through a closed-loop control algorithm, the drive mechanisms on both sides are adjusted based on the height difference fed back by the encoder, ensuring the concentricity of the wheelset 2's axle and the pressing cylinder, and compensating for differences in wheel diameter wear.

[0090] In the embodiments of this application, the first lifting assembly 6 and the second lifting assembly 7 include: a support transition block 10, a connecting block 11 and an auxiliary support cylinder 12.

[0091] The support transition block 10 is connected to the lifting shaft 9.1 of the linear lift 9. The connecting block 11 is located on the top surface of the support transition block 10 and is connected to the lifting plate 8. The auxiliary support cylinder 12 is located on the bottom surface of the support transition block 10 and corresponds to the connecting block 11, and is used to support the connecting block 11 through the support transition block 10.

[0092] The support transition block 10 is tightly connected to the lifting shaft 9.1 of the linear lift 9. When the linear lift 9 is working, the lifting shaft 9.1 moves up and down, thereby driving the support transition block 10 to move synchronously.

[0093] The support transition block 10 is made of spring steel. The elastic support transition block 10 can absorb the force generated during the pressing and lifting of the wheelset 2 through elastic deformation, thereby preventing the force generated by the wheelset 2 from acting directly on the linear lift 9 and preventing damage to the structure of the linear lift 9.

[0094] When the support transition block 10 moves with the lifting shaft 9.1 of the linear elevator 9, it drives the lifting plate 8 to move together through the connecting block 11, thereby realizing the lifting or lowering operation of the wheel set 2.

[0095] A support groove 8.1 is provided on the top of the lifting plate 8. The support groove 8.1 can limit the relative position of the lifting plate 8 and the wheel 2.1 after they come into contact, thus restricting the movement of the wheel 2.1. The lifting plate 8 is movably connected to the base 3 through a lifting guide mechanism 17, and the lifting plate 8 moves up and down relative to the base 3 along the lifting guide mechanism 17. In the embodiment of this application, the lifting guide mechanism 17 is set as a slide rail arranged vertically on the base 3, and sliders that cooperate with the slide rail are correspondingly provided on both sides of the lifting plate 8. The connecting component is set at the end of the lifting shaft of the linear lift 9, and the linear lift 9 drives the lifting plate 8 to move along the slide rail. The lifting plates 8 in the lifts on both sides are first provided with a lifting force greater than half the weight of the wheelset by the linear lift 9. The lifting distance of the wheelset 2 is calculated by the height value fed back by the wheelset height detection device, and the wheelset 2 is automatically detected by the wheelset height detection device to determine whether the wheelset 2 has been raised or lowered in place.

[0096] The auxiliary support cylinder 12 is located on the bottom surface of the support transition block 10, corresponding to the connecting block 11. The piston rod 12.1 of the auxiliary support cylinder 12 can pass through the support transition block 10 and act directly on the connecting block 11. Under normal operating conditions, when the linear lift 9 drives the lifting shaft 9.1 to rise, the support transition block 10 and the connecting block 11 also rise accordingly, at which time the auxiliary support cylinder 12 is in a retracted state. When the wheelset 2 is raised to a certain height, the auxiliary support cylinder 12 can extend the piston rod 12.1 to provide additional support force to the connecting block 11. This support can share part of the load of the linear lift 9, improving the stability and load-bearing capacity of the entire lifting assembly. When it is necessary to lower the wheelset 2, the auxiliary support cylinder 12 retracts first, and then the linear lift 9 drives the lifting shaft 9.1 to lower, thereby achieving a smooth descent of the wheelset 2.

[0097] In the embodiments of this application, the first lifting assembly 6 and the second lifting assembly 7 include: a transition rod 13 having a first rod segment 13.1 and a second rod segment 13.2 connected together. The supporting transition block 10 has a through hole 14, and the connecting block 11 and the auxiliary support cylinder 12 are correspondingly arranged on the outer sides of both ends of the through hole 14;

[0098] The first rod segment 13.1 is disposed within the through hole 14 and partially supports the bottom surface of the connecting block 11. The second rod segment 13.2 passes through the connecting block 11, with one end of the second rod segment 13.2 extending out of the connecting block 11. A fastener 15 is provided at the end of the second rod segment 13.2 that extends out of the connecting block 11. The fastener 15 is used to clamp the connecting block 11 with the first rod segment 13.1. The auxiliary support cylinder 12 has a movable piston rod 12.1 that can extend into the through hole 14. The end of the piston rod 12.1 is threadedly connected to the end of the first rod segment 13.1. When the piston rod 12.1 is driven by the auxiliary support cylinder 12, it will drive the first rod segment 13.1.

[0099] The support transition block 10 has a through hole 14, and the connecting block 11 and the auxiliary support cylinder 12 are located on the outer sides of both ends of the through hole 14. The first rod segment 13.1 is placed inside the through hole 14, and a part of it is in contact with the bottom surface of the connecting block 11. The second rod segment 13.2 passes through the connecting block 11, and a fastener 15 is installed at the end of the rod segment 13.2 that protrudes from the connecting block 11. Through the cooperation of the fastener 15 and the first rod segment 13.1, the connecting block 11 can be clamped.

[0100] The piston rod 12.1 of the auxiliary support cylinder 12 can extend into the through hole 14 and push the bottom end of the first rod segment 13.1. When the auxiliary support cylinder 12 is working, the force of the extended piston rod 12.1 is transmitted to the first rod segment 13.1, causing the first rod segment 13.1 to generate an upward supporting force to support the connecting block 11.

[0101] Fastener 15 secures the transition rod 13 to the connecting block 11, preventing the connecting block 11 from loosening or shifting during equipment operation. This ensures the stability of the connection between the components in the first lifting assembly 6 and the second lifting assembly 7, thereby guaranteeing the stability and accuracy of the entire press machine when lifting the wheel set 2.

[0102] When it is necessary to adjust the position of wheelset 2 or to address differences in weight and specifications of different wheelsets 2, a proportional amplifier controls the proportional relief valve. Feedback from a pressure sensor to the proportional amplifier forms a closed-loop control system, dynamically adjusting the support force of the auxiliary support cylinder 12. The hydraulic system's adjustment, combined with encoder-feedback displacement closed-loop control (such as the height of wheelset 2), ensures that the support force and the attitude of wheelset 2 are adjusted synchronously. While the hydraulic system adjusts the support force, the geared motor 19 drives the linear lifting platform 9 to adjust the height of wheelset 2; both work together to ensure pressing accuracy.

[0103] This allows for precise adjustments to the lifting height and angle of the wheelset 2. This design increases the press machine's adaptability to different working conditions, improves operational flexibility, and enhances the equipment's versatility. The transition rod 13 acts as a good force transmission medium between the connecting block 11 and the auxiliary support cylinder 12. The force generated by the auxiliary support cylinder 12 is evenly transmitted to the connecting block 11 via the transition rod 13, avoiding localized stress concentration. This allows the connecting block 11 to more smoothly bear the pressure from the upper wheelset 2 and distributes the pressure reasonably throughout the support structure. This helps extend the equipment's service life, reduces the risk of component damage due to uneven stress, ensures the safe and reliable operation of the press process, and improves press quality and efficiency.

[0104] In the embodiments of this application, two connecting blocks 11 are provided, symmetrically arranged on both sides of the top surface of the supporting transition block 10; the auxiliary support cylinders 12 are arranged on the bottom surface of the supporting transition block 10 corresponding to the connecting blocks 11. In the embodiments of this application, linear lifters 9 are provided in both the first lifting assembly 6 and the second lifting assembly 7, and the lifting shafts 9.1 of the two linear lifters 9 are located in the same reference plane, which is opened along the vertical direction; the central axis of the wheelset 2 is located in the reference plane; the two auxiliary support cylinders 12 located in the first lifting assembly 6 are symmetrically arranged with respect to the reference plane; the two auxiliary support cylinders 12 located in the second lifting assembly 7 are symmetrically arranged with respect to the reference plane.

[0105] There are two connecting blocks 11, which are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the top surface of the support transition block 10. Correspondingly, the auxiliary support cylinders 12 are set on the bottom surface of the support transition block 10 according to the position of the connecting blocks 11, forming a stable support connection structure. Linear lifts 9 are installed in both the first lifting assembly 6 and the second lifting assembly 7. The lifting shafts 9.1 of the two linear lifts 9 are precisely located in the same reference plane, which is strictly constructed along the vertical direction. The center axis of the wheelset 2 is also limited within this reference plane, ensuring the positional accuracy and stability of the wheelset 2 during the lifting process. The two auxiliary support cylinders 12 in the first lifting assembly 6 are symmetrically distributed with respect to the reference plane, and the two auxiliary support cylinders 12 in the second lifting assembly 7 are also symmetrically arranged with respect to the reference plane.

[0106] Since the lifting shaft 9.1 of the linear lift 9 is located on the same reference plane and the center axis of the wheelset 2 is also in this plane, the wheelset 2 can operate along the precise axis direction during lifting and pressing, avoiding pressing errors caused by axis deviation and significantly improving pressing accuracy.

[0107] The symmetrical arrangement of the connecting block 11 and the symmetrical layout of the auxiliary support cylinder 12 relative to the reference plane make the entire pressing equipment more uniform and balanced under force. Whether in the placement, lifting, or pressing of the wheelset 2, it can effectively reduce unstable phenomena such as shaking and tilting caused by uneven force, ensure stable operation of the equipment, reduce the risk of wear and damage to equipment components, and extend the service life of the equipment.

[0108] When there are differences in parameters such as size and weight of wheelset 2, the symmetrically arranged auxiliary support cylinders 12 can be used for flexible adjustment to precisely control the attitude and position of wheelset 2, realize the precise pressing of various wheelset 2, improve the versatility and operational flexibility of the equipment, and reduce the adjustment difficulty and cost when pressing different bearings 18 and wheelset 2.

[0109] The precise pressing process and stable equipment operation effectively avoid safety hazards such as loosening or misalignment of bearing 18 caused by inaccurate pressing, ensuring the safety and reliability of wheelset 2 in subsequent use.

[0110] In the embodiments of this application, the first lifting assembly 6 and the second lifting assembly 7 include a baffle 16 disposed on one side of the lifting plate 8, the baffle 16 being used to limit the inner sidewall of the wheel 2.1.

[0111] A baffle 16 is installed on one side of the lifting plate 8 of the first lifting assembly 6 and the second lifting assembly 7. This baffle 16 is connected to the lifting plate 8, and its position is specifically designed for the inner wall of the wheel 2.1. When the wheelset 2 is placed on the lifting plate 8, the baffle 16 can make close contact with the inner wall of the wheel 2.1. The shape and size of the baffle 16 are designed according to the shape and possible size range of the inner wall of the wheel 2.1. For example, if the inner wall of the wheel 2.1 is cylindrical, the contact portion of the baffle 16 may be designed with a matching arc shape to ensure maximum fit against the inner wall of the wheel 2.1, thereby achieving an effective limiting function. Furthermore, the baffle 16 also has appropriate dimensions in the height and length directions to ensure complete coverage of the portion of the inner wall of the wheel 2.1 that needs to be limited, preventing unnecessary movement of the wheel 2.1 in the vertical and horizontal directions.

[0112] During the lifting and lowering of wheelset 2, baffle 16 restricts the inner wall of wheel 2.1, ensuring that wheel 2.1 can only be lifted and lowered vertically in a predetermined manner without any lateral deviation. This helps maintain the center axis of wheelset 2 in the correct position, especially in conjunction with the reference plane and pressing reference line of the aforementioned linear lift 9, enabling wheelset 2 to be precisely positioned throughout the pressing process, further improving pressing accuracy. For wheelset 2 of different specifications, especially when there are differences in the spacing between the inner walls of wheel 2.1, baffle 16 can flexibly play a limiting role. As long as the size of wheelset 2 is within the accommodating range designed by baffle 16, the position of wheel 2.1 can be effectively restricted by baffle 16, allowing the equipment to better adapt to the pressing requirements of various bearings 18 without frequent replacement or adjustment of limiting components, thus improving the versatility and ease of operation of the equipment.

[0113] Reference manual attached Figure 5 -Appendix Figure 7 , Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating the auxiliary bearing press-fitting method provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the press-fitting machine used in this application to press-fit a bearing onto a trailer wheel set. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the press-fitting machine used in this application to press-fit bearings onto a train wheelset.

[0114] A method for auxiliary bearing press-fitting, applicable to the aforementioned press-fitting machine, comprising:

[0115] Step S1: Obtain the weight of wheelset 2, and use the first lifting component 6 and the second lifting component 7 to lift the wheels 2.1 on both sides of wheelset 2 until the center axis of wheelset 2 coincides with the pressing reference line; connect the first pressing cylinder 4 to the first end of axle 2.2, and connect the second pressing cylinder 5 to the second end of axle 2.2;

[0116] Step S2: Determine the center of gravity position of wheelset 2, and obtain the first distance from the center of gravity position to the first end of axle 2.2 and the second distance from the center of gravity position to the second end of axle 2.2;

[0117] Step S3: Calculate the endpoint torque of the first end of the axle 2.2 using the gravity of the wheelset 2, the first distance, and the second distance to obtain the first supporting force of the telescopic end of the first press-fit cylinder 4 on the first end of the axle 2.2, and calculate the endpoint torque of the second end of the axle 2.2 to obtain the second supporting force of the telescopic end of the second press-fit cylinder 5 on the second end of the axle 2.2.

[0118] Step S4: Calculate the third supporting force required for the first lifting assembly 6 to support the wheel 2.1 and the fourth supporting force required for the second lifting assembly 7 to support the wheel 2.1;

[0119] Step S5: Control the first lifting component 6 to apply a third supporting force to the wheel 2.1, and at the same time control the second lifting component 7 to apply a fourth supporting force to the wheel 2.1.

[0120] In embodiments of this application, wheelset 2 includes a tractor wheelset and a motor wheelset;

[0121] When wheelset 2 is configured as a trailer wheel set, based on the above step S1, the endpoint torque of the first end of axle 2.2 is calculated using the gravity of wheelset 2, the first distance, and the second distance to obtain the first support force of the telescopic end of the first press-fit cylinder 4 on the first end of axle 2.2; and the endpoint torque of the second end of axle 2.2 is calculated to obtain the second support force of the telescopic end of the second press-fit cylinder 5 on the second end of axle 2.2, including:

[0122] The first support force is equal to the product of the weight of the wheelset 2 and the second distance, divided by the sum of the first distance and the second distance;

[0123] The second support force is equal to the product of the weight of the wheelset 2 and the first distance, divided by the sum of the first distance and the second distance;

[0124] When wheelset 2 is configured as a motor wheelset, based on the above step S1, the endpoint torque of the first end of axle 2.2 is calculated using the gravity of wheelset 2, the first distance, and the second distance to obtain the first support force of the telescopic end of the first press-fit cylinder 4 on the first end of axle 2.2; and the endpoint torque of the second end of axle 2.2 is calculated to obtain the second support force of the telescopic end of the second press-fit cylinder 5 on the second end of axle 2.2, including:

[0125] The first supporting force is equal to the weight of the wheelset 2 multiplied by the distance from the center of gravity to the second end of the axle, and then divided by the sum of the distances from the center of gravity to both ends of the axle;

[0126] The second supporting force is equal to the weight of the wheelset multiplied by the distance from the center of gravity to the first end of the axle, and then divided by the sum of the distances from the center of gravity to both ends of the axle.

[0127] In the embodiments of this application, step S4, calculating the third supporting force required for the first lifting assembly 6 to support the wheel 2.1 and the fourth supporting force required for the second lifting assembly 7 to support the wheel 2.1, includes:

[0128] The sum of the first and third supporting forces is equal to the sum of the second and fourth supporting forces;

[0129] The first lifting assembly 6 includes two auxiliary support cylinders 12, and the two auxiliary support cylinders 12 respectively provide a first floating support force and a second floating support force to one side wheel 2.1;

[0130] The third supporting force is equal to the sum of the first floating supporting force and the second floating supporting force;

[0131] The second lifting assembly 7 includes two auxiliary support cylinders 12, and the two auxiliary support cylinders 12 respectively provide a third floating support force and a fourth floating support force to the other wheel 2.1;

[0132] The fourth support force equals the third floating support force plus the fourth floating support force;

[0133] When wheelset 2 is set as a motor wheelset, the third support force and the fourth support force are not equal; the third support force can be adjusted by adjusting the first floating support force and the second floating support force; the fourth support force can be adjusted by adjusting the third floating support force and the fourth floating support force.

[0134] In the embodiments of this application, wheelset 2 is a trailer wheel set. In actual use, the self-weight data of the trailer wheel set, G1, is first obtained. Then, the trailer wheel set is placed on the two lifting components of the base 3. The first lifting component 6 and the second lifting component 7 respectively abut the circumferential surfaces of the two wheels 2.2. After installation, the lifting components lift the wheelset 2 relative to the base 3 to the pressing position, that is, lift it until the central axis of the trailer wheel set is coaxial with the pressing reference line between the pressing cylinder and the pressing cylinder. See the attached specification. Figure 6 Then, the extension and retraction ends of the pressing cylinders on both sides are extended until the extension and retraction end of the first pressing cylinder 4 connects to point A at the first end of the axle 2.1, and the extension and retraction end of the second pressing cylinder 5 connects to point B at the second end of the axle 2.1. After connection, the cylinders on both sides are pressed in, and the extension and retraction end of the first pressing cylinder 4 will provide an upward supporting force F to point A at the first end of the axle 2.1. Z1 Similarly, the telescopic end of the second press-fit cylinder 5 will provide an upward supporting force F to the second end B point of the axle 2.1. Z2 .

[0135] The center of gravity of the trailer wheelset is then determined. Assuming the center of gravity of the symmetrical trailer wheelset is at the center of the structure, the first distance from the center of gravity to point A is measured as L1, and the second distance from the center of gravity to point B is measured as L2. To maintain balance, the first lifting assembly 6 applies a supporting force F to the wheel 2.2 at the first end closest to the axle 2.1. Z3 The second lifting assembly 7 will apply a supporting force F to the wheel 2.2 at the second end near the axle 2.1. Z4 .

[0136] In the embodiments of this application, wheel 2 is a tractor wheel pair, and the first supporting force is the supporting force F. Z1， The second supporting force is the supporting force F. Z2 The third supporting force is the supporting force F. Z3 The fourth supporting force is the supporting force F. Z4 .

[0137] For this type of symmetrically balanced wheelset 2, according to the principle of force balance, since L1 = L2, F Z1 +F Z3 =F Z2 +F Z4 =G1 / 2, at this point, the lifting components on both sides can effectively distribute the radial force acting on the pressing cylinder, greatly improving the reliability of the pressing cylinder and the pressing accuracy of bearing 18. Similarly, the torque at points A and B can be calculated to obtain F. z1 With F z2 The size of F is used to calculate the required F. Z3 and F Z4 .

[0138] The connection between the press-fit cylinder telescopic end and the axle 2.1 can be set with reference to existing technology. For example, the press-fit cylinder telescopic end can be set as a top structure to be connected to the end of the axle 2.1. It is only necessary to ensure the connection and apply force to the corresponding position at the end. This article will not elaborate further.

[0139] In the embodiments of this application, wheelset 2 is configured as a motorized wheelset. Compared to a trailer wheelset, the motorized wheelset has more additional structures on one side, so its center of gravity is not in the center. In actual use, the self-weight data of the motorized wheelset, G2, is first obtained. Then, the motorized wheelset is placed on the two lifting components of the base 3. The first lifting component 6 and the second lifting component 7 respectively abut the circumferential surfaces of the two wheels 2.2. After installation, the wheelset 2 is raised to the pressing position, that is, raised until the central axis of the trailer wheelset is coaxial with the pressing reference line, and the axle of the trailer wheelset is collinear with the central axis. See the attached specification. Figure 7 Then, the extension and retraction ends of the pressing cylinders on both sides are extended until the extension and retraction end of the first pressing cylinder 4 connects to point C, the first end of the aforementioned motor wheelset axle 2.1, and the extension and retraction end of the second pressing cylinder 5 connects to point D, the second end of the aforementioned motor wheelset axle 2.1. After connection, the cylinders on both sides press inward, and the extension and retraction end of the first pressing cylinder 4 will provide an upward supporting force F to point C, the first end of the motor wheelset axle 2.1. Z5 Similarly, the telescopic end of the second press-fit cylinder 5 will provide an upward supporting force F to the second end D point of the axle 2.1 of the drive wheel. Z6 .

[0140] The center of gravity of the train wheelset is then determined. Because one side of the train wheelset has a larger mass, its center of gravity is biased to one side. The first distance from the center of gravity to point C is measured as L3, and the second distance from the center of gravity to point D is measured as L4. To maintain balance, the first lifting assembly 6 applies a supporting force F to the wheel 2.2 closest to the first end of the axle 2.1 of the train wheelset. Z7 The second lifting assembly 7 will apply a supporting force F to the wheel 2.2, which is close to the second end of the axle 2.1 of the drive wheel pair. Z8 .

[0141] In this embodiment, wheel 2 is a driving wheelset, and the first supporting force is the supporting force F. Z5， The second supporting force is the supporting force F. Z6 The third supporting force is the supporting force F. Z7 The fourth supporting force is the supporting force F. Z8 .

[0142] At this point, assuming L4 > L3 due to gravity distribution, calculate the torque at point C using the formula. Solvable Specific data.

[0143] Similarly, calculate the torque at point D using the formula. Solvable Specific data.

[0144] To ensure that the axle centers on both sides of the train wheelset are at the same height from the ground, it is necessary to ensure that F Z5 +F Z7=F Z6 +F Z8 In actual use, the supporting force of the first lifting component 6 and the second lifting component 7 can be adjusted according to this formula. This is achieved by adjusting the F on both sides. Z7 and F Z8 It can float and support both ends of the two wheelsets, thus counteracting gravity. This floating mechanism allows for precise control of the height and angle of wheelset 2 during the pressing process. The height control during the lifting and lowering of wheelset 2 employs a safe displacement closed-loop control mode.

[0145] The first lifting assembly 6 includes two auxiliary support cylinders 12, and the two auxiliary support cylinders 12 respectively provide a first floating support force and a second floating support force to one side wheel 2.1.

[0146] The second lifting assembly 7 includes two auxiliary support cylinders 12, which provide a third floating support force and a fourth floating support force to the other wheel 2.1, respectively. The third support force is equal to the sum of the first and second floating support forces; the fourth support force is equal to the sum of the third and fourth floating support forces. (See attached diagram) Figure 2 Assuming attachment Figure 2 The diagram shows the first lifting assembly 6. At this time, the two auxiliary support cylinders 12 provide the first floating support force N1 and the second floating support force N2, respectively. The first floating support force N1 and the second floating support force N2 can be adjusted using hydraulic control via the auxiliary support cylinders 12, referring to the aforementioned method.

[0147] The first lifting component 7 is similar to the one described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0148] When wheelset 2 is set as the driving wheelset, the center of gravity of the driving wheelset shifts to one side, reference Figure 7 The third supporting force F Z7 With the fourth supporting force F Z8 They are not equal;

[0149] If the third support force F is provided by the first lifting component 6 Z7 The fourth support force F is provided by the second lifting component 7. Z8 In this case.

[0150] The first floating support force plus the second floating support force will allow adjustment of the third support force F. Z7 ;

[0151] The third and fourth floating support forces are adjustable, with the fourth support force F being adjustable. Z8 .

[0152] Of course, the above-mentioned trailer wheelset and motor wheelset are only two examples to facilitate the explanation of this auxiliary pressing logic. Similarly, other similar wheelsets can also be applied to this method and structure, and this application will not elaborate further.

[0153] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0154] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A press-fitting machine, characterized in that, The press-fitting machine includes: The frame (1) has a pressing space inside, which is used to place the wheelset (2). The base (3) is disposed within the press-fitting space; The first press-fit cylinder (4) is mounted on the frame (1); The second pressing cylinder (5) is disposed on the frame (1) and is disposed opposite to the first pressing cylinder (4). There is a pressing reference line between the first pressing cylinder (4) and the second pressing cylinder (5). The first lifting assembly (6) is disposed on the base (3) and is used to lift one side wheel (2.1) of the wheelset (2). The second lifting assembly (7) is disposed on the base (3) and is used to lift the other wheel (2.1) of the wheelset (2). The first lifting assembly (6) and the second lifting assembly (7) are used to lift the wheelset (2) until the central axis of the wheelset (2) coincides with the press-fit reference line; The first pressing cylinder (4) and the second pressing cylinder (5) are used to position and press the bearing (18) at both ends of the axle (2.2) of the wheelset (2).

2. The press-fitting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first lifting assembly (6) and the second lifting assembly (7) have the same structure, both including: The lifting plate (8) is movably connected to the base (3) and can be raised and lowered relative to the base (3) in the vertical direction; A linear lift (9) is installed on the base (3) and connected to the lifting plate (8) to drive the lifting plate (8) to rise and fall in the vertical direction.

3. The press-fitting machine according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first lifting assembly (6) and the second lifting assembly (7) include: A support transition block (10) is connected to the lifting shaft (9.1) of the linear elevator (9); A connecting block (11) is disposed on the top surface of the supporting transition block (10) and is connected to the lifting plate (8); An auxiliary support cylinder (12) is disposed on the bottom surface of the support transition block (10) and corresponds to the connecting block (11), and is used to support the connecting block (11) through the support transition block (10).

4. The press-fitting machine according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first lifting assembly (6) and the second lifting assembly (7) include: The transition rod (13) includes a first rod segment (13.1) and a second rod segment (13.2) connected together; the support transition block (10) has a through hole (14), and the connecting block (11) and the auxiliary support cylinder (12) are respectively arranged on the outer sides of the two ends of the through hole (14); The first rod segment (13.1) is disposed in the through hole (14) and supports the bottom surface of the connecting block (11); the second rod segment (13.2) passes through the connecting block (11), and the end of the second rod segment (13.2) extends out of the connecting block (11) in a direction away from the second rod segment (13.2). A fastener (15) is fitted onto the end of the second rod segment (13.2), the fastener (15) being used to cooperate with the first rod segment (13.1) to clamp the connecting block (11). The auxiliary support cylinder (12) has a piston rod (12.1) that extends into the through hole (14) and the end of the piston rod (12.1) is connected to the first rod segment (13.1); the auxiliary support cylinder (12) drives the transition rod (13) through the piston rod (12.1).

5. The press-fitting machine according to claim 4, characterized in that, The connecting block (11) is configured as two blocks, and is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the top surface of the supporting transition block (10); The auxiliary support cylinder (12) is located on the bottom surface of the support transition block (10) corresponding to the connecting block (11).

6. The press-fitting machine according to claim 5, characterized in that, The linear elevator (9) is provided in both the first lifting assembly (6) and the second lifting assembly (7). The lifting shafts (9.1) of the two linear elevators (9) are located in the same reference plane, which is opened along the vertical direction. The central axis of the wheelset (2) is located within the reference plane; The two auxiliary support cylinders (12) located within the first lifting assembly (6) are symmetrically arranged with respect to the reference plane; The two auxiliary support cylinders (12) located within the second lifting assembly (7) are symmetrically arranged with respect to the reference plane.

7. The press-fitting machine according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first lifting assembly (6) and the second lifting assembly (7) include a baffle (16) disposed on one side of the lifting plate (8), the baffle (16) being used to restrict the movement of the wheel (2.1) along the axial direction of the wheelset (2).

8. A method for auxiliary bearing press-fitting, applicable to the press-fitting machine according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The method includes: The weight of the wheelset (2) is obtained, and the first lifting component (6) and the second lifting component (7) are used to lift the wheels (2.1) on both sides of the wheelset (2) until the central axis of the wheelset (2) coincides with the pressing reference line; then the bearing (18) is pressed into the first end of the axle (2.2) by the first pressing cylinder (4), and the bearing (18) is pressed into the second end of the axle (2.2) by the second pressing cylinder (5); Determine the center of gravity position of the wheelset (2), and obtain the first distance from the center of gravity position to the first end of the axle (2.2) and the second distance from the center of gravity position to the second end of the axle (2.2); The endpoint torque of the first end of the axle (2.2) is calculated using the weight of the wheelset (2), the first distance, and the second distance to obtain the first supporting force of the extension end of the first press-fit cylinder (4) on the first end of the axle (2.2); and the endpoint torque of the second end of the axle (2.2) is calculated to obtain the second supporting force of the extension end of the second press-fit cylinder (5) on the second end of the axle (2.2); The third supporting force required for the first lifting assembly (6) to support the wheel (2.1) and the fourth supporting force required for the second lifting assembly (7) to support the wheel (2.1) are calculated. The first lifting assembly (6) is controlled to apply the third supporting force to the wheel (2.1), and the second lifting assembly (7) is controlled to apply the fourth supporting force to the wheel (2.1).

9. The method for press-fitting auxiliary bearings according to claim 8, characterized in that, The wheelset (2) includes a tractor wheelset and a motor wheelset; When the wheelset (2) is set as a trailer wheelset, the above calculation of the endpoint torque of the first end of the axle (2.2) using the gravity of the wheelset (2), the first distance and the second distance, to obtain the first support force of the telescopic end of the first press-fit cylinder (4) on the first end of the axle (2.2); and calculation of the endpoint torque of the second end of the axle (2.2), to obtain the second support force of the telescopic end of the second press-fit cylinder (5) on the second end of the axle (2.2), including: The first supporting force is equal to the product of the weight of the wheelset (2) and the second distance, divided by the sum of the first distance and the second distance; The second support force is equal to the product of the weight of the wheelset (2) and the first distance, divided by the sum of the first distance and the second distance; When the wheelset (2) is set as a motor wheelset, the above-mentioned calculation of the endpoint torque of the first end of the axle (2.2) based on the gravity of the wheelset (2), the first distance and the second distance, to obtain the first supporting force of the telescopic end of the first press-fit cylinder (4) on the first end of the axle (2.2); and calculation of the endpoint torque of the second end of the axle (2.2) to obtain the second supporting force of the telescopic end of the second press-fit cylinder (5) on the second end of the axle (2.2), including: The first supporting force is equal to the weight of the wheelset (2) multiplied by the distance from the center of gravity to the second end of the axle, and then divided by the sum of the distances from the center of gravity to both ends of the axle; The second support force is equal to the weight of the wheelset (2) multiplied by the distance from the center of gravity to the first end of the axle, and then divided by the sum of the distances from the center of gravity to both ends of the axle.

10. The method for press-fitting auxiliary bearings according to claim 9, characterized in that, Calculating the third supporting force required for the first lifting assembly (6) to support the wheel (2.1) and the fourth supporting force required for the second lifting assembly (7) to support the wheel (2.1) includes: The sum of the first supporting force and the third supporting force is equal to the sum of the second supporting force and the fourth supporting force; The first lifting assembly (6) includes two auxiliary support cylinders (12), and the two auxiliary support cylinders (12) respectively provide a first floating support force and a second floating support force to one side of the wheel (2.1); The third supporting force is equal to the first floating supporting force plus the second floating supporting force; The second lifting assembly (7) includes two auxiliary support cylinders (12), and the two auxiliary support cylinders (12) respectively provide a third floating support force and a fourth floating support force to the wheel (2.1) on the other side; The fourth supporting force is equal to the third floating supporting force plus the fourth floating supporting force; When the wheelset (2) is set as a motor vehicle wheelset, the third support force and the fourth support force are not equal; the third support force can be adjusted by adjusting the first floating support force and the second floating support force; the fourth support force can be adjusted by adjusting the third floating support force and the fourth floating support force.

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