Device for opening holes in cast iron pieces

Abstract

The application discloses a cast iron piece trepanning equipment, which comprises a punching cabinet, a storage rack, a positioning mechanism, a cutter assembly, a lifting driving mechanism, a damping assembly, a polishing mechanism and a transmission mechanism, the storage rack is fixedly arranged in the punching cabinet, a punching groove is formed in the storage rack, the positioning mechanism is arranged on the storage rack, the lifting driving mechanism is located above the storage rack, the cutter assembly is arranged on the lifting driving mechanism, the damping assembly comprises a sleeve, a plurality of spring telescopic connecting rods, an annular plate and a plurality of linear telescopic mechanisms, the sleeve is rotationally connected with a cutter handle, the annular plate is movably arranged in the punching cabinet through the plurality of linear telescopic mechanisms, one end of each of the plurality of spring telescopic connecting rods is fixedly connected with the sleeve, and the other end of each of the plurality of spring telescopic connecting rods is slidably connected with the annular limiting groove through a ball, and the polishing mechanism is connected with the annular plate through the transmission mechanism. Therefore, the vibration amplitude of the cutter handle and the cutter body can be effectively reduced, the punching precision and stability can be effectively improved, and the service life of the cutter body is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of cast iron parts processing, and more particularly to a hole-opening device for cast iron parts. Background Technology

[0002] Cast iron parts are widely used in many fields such as machinery manufacturing, automotive industry, and construction engineering due to their good wear resistance, shock absorption and casting performance. In the production and processing of cast iron parts, punching is a common and important processing step. Its purpose is to meet the needs of subsequent assembly, connection or functionality. For example, when manufacturing cast iron parts such as engine cylinder blocks, punching is required to install various pipes, bolts and other components.

[0003] In existing technologies, drilling is commonly used to punch holes in cast iron parts. Traditional drilling equipment mainly consists of a lifting device, a motor, a cutting tool, and a worktable. The working principle is that the motor drives the cutting tool to rotate at high speed, and the lifting device drives the cutting tool to descend. The cutting force of the cutting tool is used to drill holes in the cast iron parts. However, although the above method can achieve drilling of cast iron parts, it still has certain drawbacks.

[0004] First, during the drilling process, the cutting force between the drill bit and the cast iron part is relatively large, which easily generates significant vibration. Due to the presence of vibration, the inner wall of the drilled hole may be uneven and have high roughness, affecting the drilling accuracy and subsequent performance of the cast iron part. Second, vibration can also cause stress concentration inside the tool. The drill bit itself bears a certain amount of stress when rotating and cutting, and the additional vibration will make the stress distribution more complex. The stress concentration phenomenon is particularly obvious in the weak parts of the drill bit, such as the connection between the tool and the tool holder. Under this stress concentration state for a long time, the tool is prone to fatigue cracks. As the cracks gradually expand, they eventually lead to the drill bit breakage, reducing the tool's service life. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application aims to at least partially address one of the technical problems in the related art.

[0006] Therefore, one objective of this application is to provide a hole-punching device for cast iron parts, which can effectively reduce the vibration amplitude of the tool holder and the tool body, so as to effectively improve the punching accuracy and stability and extend the service life of the tool body.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the first aspect of this application proposes a punching device for cast iron parts, comprising a punching cabinet, a shelf, a positioning mechanism, a tool assembly, a lifting drive mechanism, a vibration damping assembly, a grinding mechanism, and a transmission mechanism. The shelf is fixedly disposed within the punching cabinet, and a punching slot is formed through the shelf. The positioning mechanism is disposed on the shelf. The lifting drive mechanism is disposed on the punching cabinet and located above the shelf. The tool assembly includes a tool body, a tool holder, and a drive motor. The tool holder is rotatably connected to the lifting drive mechanism. The drive motor is disposed on the lifting drive mechanism, and its output shaft is coaxially connected to the tool holder via a coupling. The tool body is coaxially connected to the tool holder. The vibration damping assembly... The component includes a sleeve, multiple spring telescopic links, an annular plate, and multiple linear telescopic mechanisms. The sleeve is fitted onto the tool handle and is rotatably connected to it. The annular plate is movably mounted inside the punching cabinet via the multiple linear telescopic mechanisms and is fitted around the outer periphery of the shelf. One end of each of the multiple spring telescopic links is fixedly connected to the sleeve. An annular limiting groove is formed along the circumference of the inner wall of the annular plate, and the other end of each spring telescopic link is slidably connected to the annular limiting groove via ball bearings. A grinding mechanism is located inside the punching cabinet, below the shelf, with its grinding end positioned within the punching groove. The grinding mechanism is connected to the annular plate via a transmission mechanism.

[0008] The casting iron punching device of this application embodiment can effectively reduce the vibration amplitude of the tool holder and the tool body, thereby effectively improving the punching accuracy and stability and extending the service life of the tool body.

[0009] In addition, the casting iron part drilling device proposed in this application may also have the following additional technical features: Furthermore, the positioning mechanism adopts a three-jaw chuck structure, and the three-jaw chuck is fixedly mounted on the shelf.

[0010] Furthermore, the lifting drive mechanism includes a hydraulic cylinder and a movable frame, wherein the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly installed inside the punching cabinet, and the movable frame is fixedly connected to the movable end of the hydraulic cylinder; the tool holder is rotatably connected to the movable frame, and the drive motor is fixedly installed on the movable frame.

[0011] Furthermore, the linear telescopic mechanism includes a limiting rod and a return spring, wherein one end of the limiting rod is fixedly connected to the punching cabinet, and the other end of the limiting rod passes through the annular plate and is slidably connected to the annular plate; the return spring is sleeved on the limiting rod, and both ends of the return spring are fixedly connected to the bottom of the annular plate and the punching cabinet, respectively.

[0012] Furthermore, the grinding mechanism includes a grinding ring, a rotating tube, a lifting spring, a rotating plate, a limiting plate, and a feeding tube. The feeding tube is fixedly installed inside the punching cabinet and is located directly below the punching groove. One end of the rotating tube is located inside the feeding tube. The rotating plate and the limiting plate are respectively sleeved on the rotating tube and the feeding tube. The lifting spring is sleeved on the rotating tube, with one end fixedly connected to the rotating plate and the other end rotatably connected to the limiting plate. The grinding ring is sleeved on the top end of the rotating tube and extends into the punching groove.

[0013] Furthermore, the transmission mechanism includes a worm gear, a worm, a driven gear, and a rack. The worm is rotatably mounted on the bottom of the shelf via a mounting base. The worm gear is sleeved on the rotating tube and meshes with the worm. The driven gear is sleeved on the worm. One end of the rack is fixedly connected to the annular plate and meshes with the driven gear.

[0014] Furthermore, the punching cabinet is also equipped with an open chip collection box, and the open chip collection box is located directly below the feed pipe.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application are as follows: 1. Vibration Reduction Effect: The vibration reduction components designed in this application, including a sleeve, a spring telescopic link, an annular plate, and a linear telescopic mechanism, effectively reduce the vibration of the tool during the punching process. When the tool is impacted, the spring telescopic link can absorb part of the impact force through the elastic deformation of the spring. At the same time, the annular plate, in conjunction with multiple linear telescopic mechanisms, performs linear lifting and lowering movements, further reducing the vibration amplitude of the tool holder and the tool body, thereby improving the accuracy and stability of punching and effectively extending the service life of the tool body.

[0016] 2. Integrated processing for improved efficiency: The grinding mechanism and punching equipment are integrated together and linked by a transmission mechanism. After punching is completed, the grinding mechanism can immediately grind the bottom edge of the hole without the need for additional equipment or process transfer, which greatly shortens the processing time, improves production efficiency, and reduces production costs.

[0017] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a hole-opening device for cast iron parts according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a front view structural schematic diagram of a hole-opening device for cast iron parts according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 For the purposes of this application Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 4 This is a rear view structural schematic diagram of a hole-opening device for cast iron parts according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the annular plate of a casting iron hole-opening device according to an embodiment of this application.

[0019] As shown in the figure: 1. Punching cabinet; 2. Shelf; 3. Positioning mechanism; 4. Tool assembly; 401. Tool body; 402. Tool holder; 403. Drive motor; 5. Lifting drive mechanism; 501. Hydraulic cylinder; 502. Movable frame; 6. Vibration damping assembly; 61. Sleeve; 62. Spring telescopic linkage; 63. Ring plate; 64. Linear telescopic mechanism; 641. Limiting rod; 642. Return spring; 7. Grinding mechanism; 701. Grinding ring; 702. Rotating tube; 703. Lifting spring; 704. Rotating plate; 705. Limiting plate; 706. Feed tube; 8. Transmission mechanism; 801. Worm gear; 802. Worm; 803. Driven gear; 804. Spur rack. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0021] The following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, describes the casting iron part drilling device according to an embodiment of this application.

[0022] like Figures 1-5 As shown, the casting iron part punching equipment of this application embodiment may include a punching cabinet 1, a shelf 2, a positioning mechanism 3, a tool assembly 4, a lifting drive mechanism 5, a vibration damping assembly 6, a grinding mechanism 7, and a transmission mechanism 8.

[0023] The shelf 2 is fixedly installed inside the perforated cabinet 1. The shelf 2 has a through perforated groove. The positioning mechanism 3 is installed on the shelf 2. The lifting drive mechanism 5 is installed on the perforated cabinet 1 and is located above the shelf 2.

[0024] The tool assembly 4 may include a tool body 401, a tool holder 402, and a drive motor 403. The tool holder 402 is rotatably connected to the lifting drive mechanism 5. The drive motor 403 is mounted on the lifting drive mechanism 5, and the output shaft of the drive motor 403 is coaxially connected to the tool holder 402 via a coupling. The tool body 401 is coaxially connected to the tool holder 402.

[0025] It should be noted that the tool body 401 and the tool holder 402 described in this embodiment are detachably connected. In actual punching operations, to meet the needs of different punching sizes, the tool body 401 is designed with multiple models. Small-sized tool bodies are suitable for punching with a diameter of 10-30mm, and their cutting head is more slender and sharp, enabling precise drilling of small holes in small cast iron parts. Medium-sized tool bodies are suitable for punching with a diameter of 30-60mm, and the cutting edge design of the cutting head pays more attention to the balance between wear resistance and cutting efficiency. Large-sized tool bodies are suitable for punching with a diameter of 60-100mm, and the cutting head uses a thicker carbide material to cope with larger cutting forces. Relevant personnel can easily disassemble and replace the corresponding model of tool body 401 according to the specific punching specifications, improving the versatility of the equipment and processing flexibility.

[0026] As one possible scenario, the tool holder 402 and the movable frame 502 described in this example can be rotatably connected by a pair of tapered roller bearings. Mounting holes are machined on the movable frame 502, and the outer rings of the tapered roller bearings are installed in these holes. Axial positioning is achieved using a shaft retaining ring to prevent axial movement of the bearings. The journal portion of the tool holder 402 is interference-fitted with the inner ring of the tapered roller bearings. A nut is used to secure the tool holder 402 to its shaft end, ensuring a firm installation of the tool holder 402 on the movable frame 502. The tapered roller bearings can simultaneously withstand radial and axial loads, meeting the complex stress conditions experienced by the tool holder 402 during punching operations and ensuring its rotational accuracy and stability.

[0027] The vibration damping assembly 6 may include a sleeve 61, multiple spring telescopic links 62, an annular plate 63, and multiple linear telescopic mechanisms 64.

[0028] The sleeve 61 is fitted onto the tool holder 402 and is rotatably connected to the tool holder 402. The annular plate 63 is movably mounted inside the punching cabinet 1 through multiple linear telescopic mechanisms 64 and is fitted onto the outer periphery of the shelf 2. One end of multiple spring telescopic connecting rods 62 is fixedly connected to the sleeve 61. An annular limiting groove is provided on the inner wall of the annular plate 63 along its circumference. The other end of the multiple spring telescopic connecting rods 62 is slidably connected to the annular limiting groove through ball bearings.

[0029] As one possible scenario, the specific connection between the sleeve 61 and the tool holder 402 described in this embodiment can be as follows: deep groove ball bearings are installed at both ends of the sleeve 61, with the inner ring of the bearings having an interference fit with the tool holder 402 and the outer ring having an interference fit with the inner wall of the sleeve 61, so that the sleeve 61 can rotate flexibly around the tool holder 402. At the same time, the deep groove ball bearings can withstand a certain radial load, ensuring that the connection between the sleeve 61 and the tool holder 402 remains stable and reliable even if it is impacted during the punching process.

[0030] The grinding mechanism 7 is installed inside the punching cabinet 1 and is located below the shelf 2. The grinding end of the grinding mechanism 7 is located in the punching groove, and the grinding mechanism 7 is connected to the annular plate 63 through the transmission mechanism 8.

[0031] In one embodiment of this application, the lifting drive mechanism 5 may include a hydraulic cylinder 501 and a movable frame 502.

[0032] Hydraulic cylinder 501 is fixedly installed inside punching cabinet 1, movable frame 502 is fixedly connected to the movable end of hydraulic cylinder 501, tool holder 402 is rotatably connected to movable frame 502, and drive motor 403 is fixedly installed on movable frame 502.

[0033] In one embodiment of this application, the linear telescopic mechanism 64 may include a limiting rod 641 and a return spring 642.

[0034] One end of the limiting rod 641 is fixedly connected to the punching cabinet 1, and the other end of the limiting rod 641 passes through the annular plate 63 and is slidably connected to the annular plate 63. The return spring 642 is sleeved on the limiting rod 641, and the two ends of the return spring 642 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the annular plate 63 and the punching cabinet 1, respectively.

[0035] In one embodiment of this application, the grinding mechanism 7 may include a grinding ring 701, a rotating tube 702, a lifting spring 703, a rotating plate 704, a limiting plate 705, and a feeding tube 706.

[0036] The feeding pipe 706 is fixedly installed inside the punching cabinet 1 and is located directly below the punching groove. One end of the rotating pipe 702 is located inside the feeding pipe 706. The rotating plate 704 and the limiting plate 705 are respectively sleeved on the rotating pipe 702 and the feeding pipe 706. The lifting spring 703 is sleeved on the rotating pipe 702. One end of the lifting spring 703 is fixedly connected to the rotating plate 704, and the other end of the lifting spring 703 is rotatably connected to the limiting plate 705. The grinding ring 701 is sleeved on the top end of the rotating pipe 702 and extends into the punching groove.

[0037] In one embodiment of this application, an open chip collection box is also provided inside the punching cabinet 1, and the open chip collection box is located directly below the feed pipe 706.

[0038] In one embodiment of this application, the transmission mechanism 8 may include a worm gear 801, a worm 802, a driven gear 803, and a rack 804.

[0039] The worm 802 is rotatably mounted on the bottom of the shelf 2 via a mounting base. The worm wheel 801 is sleeved on the rotating tube 702 and meshes with the worm 802. The driven gear 803 is sleeved on the worm 802. One end of the rack 804 is fixedly connected to the annular plate 63 and meshes with the driven gear 803.

[0040] Specifically, when punching cast iron parts, the relevant personnel first place the cast iron parts to be punched on the positioning mechanism 3. The positioning mechanism 3 firmly clamps and positions the cast iron parts. Then, the hydraulic cylinder 501 in the lifting drive mechanism 5 is started. The movable frame 502 drives the tool holder 402 and the drive motor 403 to descend. At the same time, the drive motor 403 starts and drives the tool holder 402 and the tool body 401 to rotate at high speed through the coupling.

[0041] During the punching process, when the tool body 401 is impacted, the vibration damping component 6 begins to function. The spring in the spring telescopic linkage 62 undergoes elastic deformation, absorbing part of the impact force. Under the action of the linear telescopic mechanism 64, the annular plate 63 moves linearly up and down through the cooperation of the limit rod 641 and the return spring 642, further buffering and reducing the vibration amplitude of the tool holder 402 and the tool body 401, ensuring the accuracy and stability of punching, and extending the service life of the tool body 401.

[0042] After punching, as the annular plate 63 rises or falls under the action of the linear telescopic mechanism 64, it drives the grinding mechanism 7 to work through the transmission mechanism 8. The annular plate 63 drives the spur rack 804 to move, and the spur rack 804 meshes with the driven gear 803, causing the driven gear 803 to rotate, which in turn drives the worm 802 to rotate. The worm 802 meshes with the worm wheel 801, driving the rotating tube 702 to rotate, thereby driving the grinding ring 701 to grind the bottom edge of the hole, shortening the processing time of the cast iron parts and improving production efficiency.

[0043] During the grinding process, under the restoring force of the lifting spring 703, the grinding ring 701 maintains an appropriate contact force with the cast iron part to ensure the grinding effect of the grinding ring 701 on the bottom edge of the hole in the cast iron part. The grinding debris is collected in the open chip collection box below through the feed pipe 706.

[0044] In one embodiment of this application, such as Figures 1-3 As shown, the positioning mechanism 3 can adopt a three-jaw chuck structure, and the three-jaw chuck is fixedly installed on the shelf 2.

[0045] Specifically, the three-jaw chuck can be manual or pneumatic. The chuck diameter is selected according to the size of the cast iron part. The centering accuracy of the chuck is controlled within ±0.05mm to ensure accurate positioning of the cast iron part. The chuck and the shelf 2 are connected by positioning pins and bolts.

[0046] In summary, the cast iron punching equipment of this application, through its designed vibration damping components including a sleeve, a spring telescopic link, an annular plate, and a linear telescopic mechanism, effectively reduces the vibration of the cutting tool during the punching process. When the cutting tool is impacted, the spring telescopic link can absorb part of the impact force through the elastic deformation of the spring. At the same time, the annular plate, in conjunction with multiple linear telescopic mechanisms, performs linear lifting and lowering movements, further reducing the vibration amplitude of the tool holder and the cutting tool body. This improves the accuracy and stability of punching and effectively extends the service life of the cutting tool body. In addition, the grinding mechanism is integrated with the punching equipment, and the two are linked through a transmission mechanism. After punching is completed, the grinding mechanism can immediately grind the bottom edge of the hole without the need for additional equipment and process transfer, greatly shortening the processing time, improving production efficiency, and reducing production costs.

[0047] In the description of this specification, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0048] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0049] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting this application. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A hole-opening device for cast iron parts, characterized in that, It includes a punching cabinet (1), a shelf (2), a positioning mechanism (3), a tool assembly (4), a lifting drive mechanism (5), a vibration damping assembly (6), a grinding mechanism (7), and a transmission mechanism (8), among which, The shelf (2) is fixedly installed inside the perforated cabinet (1), and a perforated groove is provided through the shelf (2). The positioning mechanism (3) is installed on the shelf (2). The lifting drive mechanism (5) is installed on the perforated cabinet (1), and the lifting drive mechanism (5) is located above the shelf (2); The tool assembly (4) includes a tool body (401), a tool holder (402), and a drive motor (403). The tool holder (402) is rotatably connected to the lifting drive mechanism (5). The drive motor (403) is mounted on the lifting drive mechanism (5), and the output shaft of the drive motor (403) is coaxially connected to the tool holder (402) via a coupling. The tool body (401) is coaxially connected to the tool holder (402). The vibration damping assembly (6) includes a sleeve (61), multiple spring telescopic links (62), an annular plate (63), and multiple linear telescopic mechanisms (64), wherein, The sleeve (61) is sleeved on the tool holder (402), and the sleeve (61) is rotatably connected to the tool holder (402); The annular plate (63) is movably mounted inside the perforated cabinet (1) via multiple linear telescopic mechanisms (64), and the annular plate (63) is fitted around the outer periphery of the shelf (2); One end of each of the multiple spring telescopic links (62) is fixedly connected to the sleeve (61), and an annular limiting groove is provided on the inner wall of the annular plate (63) along its circumferential direction. The other ends of the multiple spring telescopic links (62) are slidably connected to the annular limiting groove through ball bearings. The grinding mechanism (7) is located inside the punching cabinet (1) and below the shelf (2). The grinding end of the grinding mechanism (7) is located inside the punching groove, and the grinding mechanism (7) is connected to the annular plate (63) through the transmission mechanism (8).

2. The casting iron part drilling device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The positioning mechanism (3) adopts a three-jaw chuck structure, and the three-jaw chuck is fixedly mounted on the shelf (2).

3. The casting iron part drilling device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lifting drive mechanism (5) includes a hydraulic cylinder (501) and a movable frame (502), wherein, The hydraulic cylinder (501) is fixedly installed inside the punching cabinet (1), and the movable frame (502) is fixedly connected to the movable end of the hydraulic cylinder (501); The handle (402) is rotatably connected to the movable frame (502), and the drive motor (403) is fixedly mounted on the movable frame (502).

4. The casting iron part drilling device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The linear telescopic mechanism (64) includes a limiting rod (641) and a return spring (642), wherein, One end of the limiting rod (641) is fixedly connected to the punching cabinet (1), and the other end of the limiting rod (641) passes through the annular plate (63) and is slidably connected to the annular plate (63). The reset spring (642) is sleeved on the limiting rod (641), and the two ends of the reset spring (642) are fixedly connected to the bottom of the annular plate (63) and the punching cabinet (1), respectively.

5. The casting iron part drilling device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grinding mechanism (7) includes a grinding ring (701), a rotating tube (702), a lifting spring (703), a rotating plate (704), a limiting plate (705), and a feeding tube (706), wherein, The feeding pipe (706) is fixedly installed inside the punching cabinet (1), and the feeding pipe (706) is located directly below the punching groove; One end of the rotating tube (702) is located inside the feeding tube (706), and the rotating plate (704) and the limiting plate (705) are respectively sleeved on the rotating tube (702) and the feeding tube (706); The lifting spring (703) is sleeved on the rotating tube (702), one end of the lifting spring (703) is fixedly connected to the rotating plate (704), and the other end of the lifting spring (703) is rotatably connected to the limiting plate (705); The grinding ring (701) is sleeved on the top end of the rotating tube (702), and the grinding ring (701) extends into the punching groove.

6. The casting iron part drilling device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The transmission mechanism (8) includes a worm gear (801), a worm (802), a driven gear (803), and a rack (804), wherein, The worm (802) is rotatably mounted at the bottom of the shelf (2) via a mounting base, and the worm wheel (801) is sleeved on the rotating tube (702), and the worm wheel (801) is meshed with the worm (802). The driven gear (803) is sleeved on the worm (802), one end of the rack (804) is fixedly connected to the annular plate (63), and the rack (804) meshes with the driven gear (803).

7. The casting iron part drilling device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The punching cabinet (1) is also equipped with an open chip collection box, and the open chip collection box is located directly below the feed pipe (706).

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