A numerical control drilling and milling combined machine tool for multi-angle synchronous drilling of plastic parts
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202611406984.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-09-11
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-16
AI Technical Summary
[0003]现有机床存在一些不足：加工不同角度的孔时，需要多次装夹工件
1、通过Y轴导轨一与Y轴导轨二错开分布，使两个导轨上的功能部件在运动中互不干涉，实现不同工位的同时加工，提高了加工效率。
Smart Images
Figure CN122913888A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of plastic parts processing technology, specifically to a CNC drilling and milling composite machine tool for multi-angle synchronous drilling of plastic parts. Background Technology
[0002] Drilling of plastic parts is typically done using CNC drilling and milling machines; these machines consist of a bed, a base, and control components.
[0003] Existing machine tools have several shortcomings: machining holes at different angles requires multiple workpiece clamping operations. Multiple clamping operations increase processing time and reduce accuracy. Different workstations cannot perform machining simultaneously. The lack of real-time adjustments during machining can easily affect quality.
[0004] The present invention addresses these problems by providing a machine tool that can simultaneously drill holes at multiple angles in a single clamping operation; it also features an automatic adjustment function to improve processing efficiency and accuracy. Summary of the Invention
[0005] In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, this application provides a CNC drilling and milling composite machine tool for multi-angle synchronous drilling of plastic parts.
[0006] This application provides a CNC drilling and milling composite machine tool for multi-angle synchronous drilling of plastic parts, which adopts the following technical solution: A CNC drilling and milling composite machine tool for multi-angle synchronous drilling of plastic parts includes a bed, a base and control components. The base is disposed above the bed, and the control components are disposed on one side of the bed. Y-axis guide rail one and Y-axis guide rail two are respectively disposed above the base, and Y-axis guide rail one and Y-axis guide rail two are staggered. A chuck is rotatably mounted on the right side of the base, and a tailstock is mounted on the coaxial position of the chuck. A clamping space for holding a workpiece is formed between the chuck and the tailstock. The chuck can rotate 360° around its axis to drive the workpiece clamped in the clamping space to rotate circumferentially. The tailstock is slidably engaged with the Y-axis guide rail below via a support. A Z-axis lifting assembly is also provided above the base. The lifting part of the Z-axis lifting assembly is provided with a Y-axis transverse moving assembly, and the adjusting part of the Y-axis transverse moving assembly is provided with a Z-axis drilling assembly. An X-axis guide rail is slidably fitted above the Y-axis guide rail. A mounting bracket is provided on the X-axis guide rail, and a milling cutter is mounted on the mounting bracket. An X-axis guide rail is slidably fitted above the Y-axis guide rail, and an X-axis drilling assembly is provided on the X-axis guide rail. The control unit includes an acquisition module, an analysis module, a comparison module, a correction module, and an output module. The modules interact with each other through an internal bus or a communication interface. The acquisition module is used to acquire multi-source sensor signals of the CNC drilling and milling composite machine tool in real time during the machining process, and output the multi-source sensor signals to the analysis module; The analysis module is used to perform time-domain and frequency-domain analysis on the received multi-source sensing signals, extract the feature parameter set of the current processing state, and output the feature parameter set to the comparison module; The comparison module is used to compare the feature parameter set with the standard process parameter library pre-stored in the control component storage unit item by item, calculate the deviation of each parameter, and output the deviation to the correction module. The correction module is used to perform at least two sequentially progressive correction operations based on the deviation amount, generate a compensation amount, and output the compensation amount to the output module; The output module is used to convert the compensation amount into the corresponding drive signal of each actuator and output it, while feeding back the actual operating parameters of each actuator to the acquisition module in real time, forming a fully closed-loop control circuit.
[0007] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. By staggering the distribution of Y-axis guide rail one and Y-axis guide rail two, the functional components on the two guide rails do not interfere with each other during movement, enabling simultaneous processing at different workstations and improving processing efficiency.
[0008] 2. The chuck of this invention can rotate 360° around its axis, driving the workpiece to rotate circumferentially, enabling drilling and milling of plastic parts at any angle without repeated clamping, thus improving processing accuracy and efficiency.
[0009] 3. Through a multi-layered closed-loop control chain of data acquisition, analysis, comparison, coarse correction, feedback, fine correction, and re-acquisition, the machining process is ensured to always be in an optimal state of accuracy and stability.
[0010] 4. The first coarse correction of this invention quickly suppresses sudden interference, and the second fine correction precisely eliminates systematic static error. The two are progressive and complementary, ensuring system stability while meeting the requirements of machining accuracy. Attached Figure Description
[0011] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the Y-axis guide rail of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the Y-axis guide rail II of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a block diagram of the architecture of the control component of the present invention.
[0012] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Bed; 2. Base; 21. Z-axis lifting assembly; 22. Y-axis traverse assembly; 23. Z-axis drilling assembly; 3. Control components; 4. Chuck; 41. Tailstock clamping seat; 411. Support; 5. Y-axis guide rail one; 51. Mounting clamp; 511. Milling cutter; 52. X-axis guide rail one; 6. Y-axis guide rail two; 61. X-axis drilling assembly; 62. X-axis guide rail two. Detailed Implementation
[0013] The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments.
[0014] Please see Figures 1 to 3 The CNC drilling and milling composite machine tool shown includes a bed 1, a base 2, and a control component 3 for multi-angle synchronous drilling of plastic parts. The base 2 is located above the bed 1 and is used to support and install the various functional components of the machine tool. The control component 3 is located on one side of the bed 1 and is used to receive external commands and control the coordinated movement of the various moving parts of the machine tool. Above the base 2, Y-axis guide rail 5 and Y-axis guide rail 6 are respectively provided, and Y-axis guide rail 5 and Y-axis guide rail 6 are staggered. Both Y-axis guide rail 5 and Y-axis guide rail 6 are linear guide rails, and their specific structural form can be sliding guide rail or rolling guide rail. Those skilled in the art can choose according to load requirements and accuracy requirements. The staggered distribution of Y-axis guide rail 5 and Y-axis guide rail 6 ensures that the functional components on the two guide rails do not interfere with each other during movement, thereby realizing simultaneous processing at different workstations and improving processing efficiency. A chuck 4 is rotatably mounted on the right side of the base 2. The chuck 4 is used to clamp the plastic part to be processed. The chuck 4 can be a three-jaw chuck, a four-jaw chuck, or other suitable clamping device, and its specific selection is a conventional technical choice in the art. A clamping tailstock 41 is provided at the coaxial position of the chuck 4, and a clamping space for clamping the workpiece is formed between the chuck 4 and the clamping tailstock 41. The clamping tailstock 41 is used to provide clamping force from the other end of the workpiece to ensure stable clamping of the workpiece during processing. The end of the clamping tailstock 41 is a rotating component that can rotate 360 degrees. The chuck 4 rotates to synchronize with the workpiece. The chuck 4 can rotate 360° around its axis to drive the workpiece held in the clamping space to rotate circumferentially. Through the 360° rotation function of the chuck 4, drilling and milling of plastic parts at any circumferential angle can be achieved without repeatedly clamping the workpiece, which effectively improves the processing accuracy and efficiency. The lower part of the tailstock 41 slides with the Y-axis guide rail 5 through the support 411, so that the tailstock 41 can be adjusted in position along the Y-axis guide rail 5 to adapt to the processing needs of plastic parts of different lengths. A Z-axis lifting assembly 21 is also provided above the base 2. The lifting part of the Z-axis lifting assembly 21 is provided with a Y-axis transverse moving assembly 22, and the adjusting part of the Y-axis transverse moving assembly 22 is provided with a Z-axis drilling assembly 23. Through the coordinated movement of the Z-axis lifting assembly 21, the Y-axis transverse moving assembly 22 and the Z-axis drilling assembly 23, drilling processing at different positions and depths of the workpiece can be realized. An X-axis guide rail 52 is slidably fitted above the Y-axis guide rail 5. A mounting bracket 51 is provided on the X-axis guide rail 52, and a milling cutter 511 is mounted on the mounting bracket 51. By sliding the X-axis guide rail 52 along the Y-axis direction and sliding the mounting bracket 51 along the X-axis direction, the milling cutter 511 can perform milling operations on different positions of the plastic part in a two-dimensional plane. The Y-axis guide rail 2 6 is slidably fitted with an X-axis guide rail 2 62, and an X-axis drilling assembly 61 is provided on the X-axis guide rail 2 62; by sliding the X-axis guide rail 2 62 along the Y-axis direction and adjusting the X-axis drilling assembly 61 itself, drilling can be performed on different positions of the plastic part. It should be noted that, in the above specific embodiments, the specific implementation methods of components such as the Z-axis lifting assembly 21, the Y-axis transverse assembly 22, the Z-axis drilling assembly 23, the X-axis guide rail 1 52, the X-axis guide rail 2 62, the mounting clamp 51, and the support 411 are all conventional technical means in the art; for example, the Z-axis lifting assembly 21 can use a servo motor in conjunction with a ball screw to achieve precise lifting; the Y-axis transverse assembly 22 can use a linear motor or a servo motor in conjunction with a ball screw guide rail to achieve transverse movement; the chuck 4 can use a pneumatic or hydraulically driven rotary chuck to achieve automatic clamping and 360° rotation of the workpiece; the cooperation between each guide rail and the sliding component can use a standard linear guide rail pair.
[0015] The control unit 3 is the central control unit of the machine tool, which uses an industrial computer (IPC) as the core computing processor (hereinafter referred to as the host computer) and is equipped with a programmable logic controller (PLC) as the underlying execution and signal acquisition terminal. The two interact with each other through an industrial fieldbus. The host computer is responsible for high-intensity floating-point operations such as FFT Fourier analysis, weight matrix fusion and iterative correction calculation of all acquired data, while the PLC is responsible for executing the switch commands, servo enable and safety logic interlocks issued by the host computer. Alternatively, an integrated CNC controller can be used to perform both of the above roles. See Figure 4 As shown, the control unit 3 includes an acquisition module, an analysis module, a comparison module, a correction module, and an output module. The modules interact with each other through an internal bus or communication interface to achieve coordinated control of the various components of the machine tool. The actual operating parameters of the output module are fed back to the acquisition module to form a closed-loop control circuit. The acquisition module is used to acquire multi-source sensor signals in real time during the machining process of the CNC drilling and milling composite machine tool. The detailed structure of the acquisition module is as follows: The multi-source sensor signals acquired by the acquisition module include: real-time cutting force data detected by the cutting force sensors installed on the Z-axis drilling assembly 23 and the X-axis drilling assembly 61. Real-time load current data detected by current sensors installed on the drive motor of the chuck 4 and the servo motors of each feed axis. Real-time vibration spectrum data detected by the vibration sensor mounted on the base 2 The real-time position data detected by the optical or magnetic rulers mounted on the Z-axis lifting assembly 21, Y-axis lateral movement assembly 22, X-axis guide rail 1 52, and X-axis guide rail 2 62. and the real-time angle data detected by the angle encoder installed on the rotary drive device of the chuck 4. The sampling frequency of the acquisition module Not less than 1kHz; The specific measurement method is as follows: The real-time cutting force data is acquired by a piezoelectric force sensor, which is installed between the spindle bearing housing of the Z-axis drilling assembly 23 and the X-axis drilling assembly 61 and the machine tool body. The piezoelectric force sensor converts the cutting force into an electrical signal using the piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric material. The real-time load current data is acquired by a current sensor, which is connected in series in the power circuit of each drive motor. The motor current signal is obtained through Hall effect or resistance sampling. The real-time vibration spectrum data is acquired by an accelerometer, which is installed at key stress positions on the base 2 to monitor the vibration during machine tool operation. The real-time position data is acquired by an optical or magnetic scale, which is installed next to the guide rail of each feed axis to accurately detect the actual position of each axis. The real-time angle data is acquired by an angle encoder, which is installed on the rotary drive shaft end of the chuck 4 to accurately detect the actual rotation angle of the chuck 4.
[0016] The analysis module receives the multi-source sensing signals output by the acquisition module and performs time-domain and frequency-domain analysis on the multi-source sensing signals based on a built-in multi-dimensional feature extraction model to extract the feature parameter set of the current processing state. Its detailed structure is as follows: The feature parameter set extracted by the analysis module includes: the actual feed rate deviation values of each feed axis. Actual cutting force fluctuation values of each drilling component Actual rotation angle deviation of chuck 4 and the vibration characteristic values of the machine tool body The analysis module is also used to match the feature parameter set with a preset reference model to determine whether the current processing state is within a preset normal processing range. The specific feature parameters are calculated as follows: The analysis module calculates the cutting force fluctuation value using the following formula: ; in, The number of sampling points. The average cutting force is calculated; simultaneously, the dominant frequency component of the vibration spectrum is extracted using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). and amplitude , constitute vibration characteristic value The analysis module compares the feature parameter set with the threshold of the normal processing range. or When this happens, the current processing status is determined to be abnormal; It should be noted that, This represents the maximum allowable fluctuation in cutting force. The threshold values are within the normal vibration characteristic range. The above threshold values are obtained through process calibration experiments. The specific method is as follows: Drilling tests are conducted on different plastic parts (such as ABS, PC, POM, nylon, etc.) under standard working conditions. A large amount of cutting force data and vibration data under normal processing conditions are collected. The statistical mean and standard deviation are calculated respectively. The mean plus 3 times the standard deviation is used as the threshold boundary. The comparison module receives the feature parameter set output by the analysis module and compares it item by item with the standard process parameter library pre-stored in the storage unit of the control unit 3 to calculate the deviation of each parameter. Its detailed structure is as follows: The standard process parameter library includes parameters for different plastic parts materials (such as ABS, PC, POM, nylon, etc.) and different pore sizes. (Range 2mm-30mm) and different hole depths The optimal combination of cutting parameters under working conditions (range 5mm-100mm) includes the recommended feed rates of the Z-axis drilling assembly 23 and the X-axis drilling assembly 61. Recommended spindle speed Recommended graduation angle for chuck 4 and recommended travel positions for each feed axis ; The comparison module is also used to generate independent scalar error signals based on each deviation: feed rate deviation. (Unit: mm / s), Cutting force fluctuation deviation (Unit: N), Rotation angle deviation (Unit: °), Vibration characteristic deviation (Unit: dimensionless amplitude); Instead of being mixed and vectorized, each error signal is routed to its corresponding correction channel based on its physical meaning. and Used to adjust the feed rate and spindle speed. Used to adjust the chuck indexing angle. Used to trigger filter parameter adjustments or acceleration limiting, thereby avoiding invalid superposition between different physical dimensions; It should be noted that the standard process parameter library is constructed through orthogonal experiments or regression analysis of historical processing data. The library records the optimal combination of process parameters for each material, hole diameter, and hole depth, as well as the mapping relationship between each parameter and processing quality. In specific implementation, the control component 3 automatically matches the corresponding set of process parameters based on the material, hole diameter, and hole depth of the current processing task as a comparison benchmark. The correction module is used to receive the deviation vector and the weight coefficient output by the comparison module, and to perform at least two sequentially progressive correction operations for the same deviation input within the same processing cycle. Its detailed structure is as follows: The first correction is a responsive coarse correction. The correction module quickly generates a first set of compensation values based on the magnitude and direction of each deviation in the deviation vector, combined with the correction coefficients pre-installed in the control unit 3, and outputs them to the output module. The first set of compensation values is calculated separately for each physical channel, including the speed feedforward compensation value for each feed axis. (Instead of position compensation, to avoid direct disturbance of the coordinate system by non-positional errors) and step adjustment of spindle speed. Its response time The specific compensation amount is calculated using the following formula: , ; in, (Dimensionless proportionality coefficient, which reduces the speed deviation proportionally). (Unit: mm / (s·N), force deviation is converted into speed correction). (Unit: RPM / N, force deviation converted into speed correction); This coarse correction only applies to the speed loop and spindle speed loop, without directly changing the position command, to avoid physical displacement of the coordinate axes due to cutting force fluctuations; After the first correction is completed and the output module sends the drive signal to each actuator, the correction module immediately acquires the actual response data (including actual position reached) of each actuator after executing the first set of compensations through the acquisition module. Actual speed and actual cutting force The actual response data is compared with the expected response data to calculate the residual deviation vector after the first correction. : ; The second correction is an iterative fine correction, in which the correction module decouples and separates the residual deviation after the first correction according to the physical channels; wherein, the position loop only receives the measured deviation from the position sensor. (Unit: mm), velocity loop receives residual velocity deviation (Unit: mm / s), Angle loop receives residual angle deviation (Unit: °); Each channel independently executes fine-tuning in PID form, completely abandoning the original calculation method of substituting the mixed error vector into the model reference adaptive control (MRAC) to avoid the invalid superposition of different physical dimensions (position, velocity, force, angle) in the position loop; the position loop fine-tuning is formally as follows: ; in, (dimensionless) (Unit: s) (Unit: 1 / s), all are pre-calibrated according to the position closed-loop engineering tuning method (such as Ziegler-Nichols); the speed loop fine correction adopts standard PI control. The angle loop fine correction adopts standard PID control. The fine compensation values for each channel are output to the corresponding servo drivers, eliminating the direct substitution of force or vibration deviations into the position loop and the use of nonlinear speed compensation terms that directly take the square root of the cutting force deviation. Simultaneously, speed fine-tuning employs standard PI control, adjusting based on the residual cutting force deviation. ; in, Residual cutting force deviation (unit: N). This is the proportionality coefficient (unit: RPM / N). The integral coefficient is used (unit: RPM / (N·s)) and ensures that the dimensions of the speed correction are consistent (output is in RPM or corresponding speed unit). After the second correction, each channel independently determines whether the residual deviation exceeds its respective allowable threshold: position error or angle error or speed error (Relative to the rated speed), the corresponding channel will automatically initiate the third or subsequent iteration correction; the number of iterations for each channel is independent, and the position loop will iterate at most once. Next, the speed ring has the most The angle loop has the most occurrences (due to its faster response). If any channel fails to converge after reaching its maximum number of iterations, an alarm signal will be generated for that channel and processing will be suspended pending manual intervention. Other channels will remain unaffected and can continue to operate. It should be noted that the empirical lookup table for correction coefficients is obtained through prior process experiments on similar plastic parts. The lookup table method has a rapid response and is suitable for quickly suppressing sudden disturbances (such as sudden changes in cutting force caused by uneven local hardness of plastic parts, instantaneous load fluctuations, etc.). The model reference adaptive control algorithm has a larger computational load and is suitable for finely eliminating systematic steady-state errors (such as positioning deviations caused by thermal extension of the lead screw, following errors caused by mechanical backlash, etc.). The two correction methods have a clear division of labor and complementary response times, together forming a progressive correction strategy. For vibration characteristic deviation It does not participate in the direct calculation of any closed-loop compensation amount, but is instead input as a status monitoring indicator to the fault prediction unit of control component 3; when Continuously exceeding the normal range When this happens, control unit 3 automatically reduces the maximum acceleration limit of the axis (e.g., from 0.5g to 0.3g) and prompts the operator to check the tool wear or spindle bearing condition, thereby using the vibration information for equipment health management rather than real-time control loop, and avoiding the incorrect mapping of dimensionless vibration amplitude to position or velocity commands; The output module receives the compensation amounts output by the correction module (including at least the compensation amounts for the first coarse correction and the second fine correction), converts them sequentially into analog quantities or pulse drive signals corresponding to each actuator, and outputs the drive signals to the lifting drive motor of the Z-axis lifting assembly 21, the traverse drive motor of the Y-axis traverse assembly 22, the drilling spindle motor of the Z-axis drilling assembly 23, the transverse drive motor of the X-axis guide rail 1 52, the transverse drive motor of the X-axis guide rail 2 62, the rotary drive motor of the chuck 4, and the longitudinal drive motors of the Y-axis guide rail 1 5 and the Y-axis guide rail 2 6, so as to drive each actuator to perform the first coarse correction action and the second fine correction action in sequence. At the same time, the output module feeds back the actual operating parameters of each actuator to the acquisition module in real time, providing a data basis for the next correction iteration.
[0017] The workflow of this embodiment is as follows: During use, the operator sets the allowable error threshold and various process parameters through the touch screen of the control unit 3. After starting the machine tool, the Z-axis lifting component 21 drives the Z-axis drilling component 23 to descend to the preset drilling start position, the Y-axis transverse component 22 drives the Z-axis drilling component 23 to move to the hole to be processed, the X-axis guide rail 2 62 drives the X-axis drilling component 61 to reach the corresponding drilling position at the same time, the chuck 4 drives the workpiece to rotate to the first drilling angle, and the Z-axis drilling component 23 and the X-axis drilling component 61 start drilling. During the drilling process, the acquisition module collects sensor signals distributed in key parts of the machine tool in real time at a sampling frequency of not less than 1kHz; the analysis module performs fusion analysis on the collected multi-source signals - for example, when the Z-axis drilling assembly 23 is drilling, the analysis module simultaneously monitors the cutting force data of the assembly, the load current data of the corresponding feed axis, and the vibration data on the base 2, and comprehensively judges the current drilling status through a multi-dimensional feature extraction model; the comparison module compares the analysis results with the optimal parameters of the corresponding working conditions (plastic part material, hole diameter, hole depth) in the standard process parameter library item by item, calculates the deviation of each parameter, and generates a weighted deviation vector; After receiving the deviation vector, the correction module first performs a coarse correction: it quickly outputs a large-step compensation amount using a lookup table (e.g., when the cutting force instantaneously exceeds the threshold by 20%, the feed rate is immediately reduced by 15%). The response time of this correction is controlled within 10ms to ensure system stability. After the coarse correction is completed and the acquisition module provides feedback on the actual parameters, the correction module performs a second fine correction: it substitutes the residual deviation (e.g., after the first correction, there is still a 3% static feed rate error and a 2μm position deviation) into the model reference adaptive control algorithm to calculate the fine compensation amount (e.g., the feed rate is further finely adjusted by 2.5%, while compensating for a 1.5μm position error). The response time of this correction is controlled within 50ms to ensure that the machining accuracy meets the requirements. If there is still a residual deviation after the fine correction, the iteration continues until complete convergence or the upper limit of the safe number of iterations is reached. The output module sends the compensation amounts of the above at least two corrections to the corresponding servo drivers and spindle drivers one after another; the adjusted actual operating parameters are fed back to the acquisition module in real time through the position sensors and angle encoders of each axis, forming a multi-layer closed-loop control link of "acquisition-analysis-comparison-coarse correction-feedback-fine correction-reacquisition", ensuring that the entire machining process is always in the optimal state of accuracy and stability. During this process, the milling cutter 511 on Y-axis guide rail 1 and the X-axis drilling assembly 61 on Y-axis guide rail 2 are respectively set on both sides of the base 2, and Y-axis guide rail 1 and Y-axis guide rail 2 are staggered, so that milling and drilling can be carried out simultaneously without interference. At the same time, the chuck 4 drives the workpiece to rotate 360°, so that the workpiece can be processed at any angle in the circumference, realizing the function of multi-angle synchronous drilling. Through the organic combination of the above mechanical structure and control system module, the fine and adaptive control of the multi-angle drilling process of plastic parts is realized, which effectively improves the processing efficiency and processing accuracy, reduces the number of repeated clamping of the workpiece, and reduces the labor intensity of the operator.
Claims
1. A CNC drilling and milling composite machine tool for multi-angle synchronous drilling of plastic parts, comprising a bed (1), a base (2), and a control component (3), wherein the base (2) is disposed above the bed (1), and the control component (3) is disposed on one side of the bed (1), characterized in that: Y-axis guide rail one (5) and Y-axis guide rail two (6) are respectively provided above the base (2), and the Y-axis guide rail one (5) and the Y-axis guide rail two (6) are staggered. A chuck (4) is rotatably provided on the right side of the base (2). A clamping tailstock (41) is provided at the coaxial position of the chuck (4). A clamping space for clamping workpieces is formed between the chuck (4) and the clamping tailstock (41). The chuck (4) can rotate 360° around its axis to drive the workpiece clamped in the clamping space to rotate circumferentially. The lower part of the clamping tailstock (41) is slidably engaged with the Y-axis guide rail (5) through a support (411). A Z-axis lifting assembly (21) is also provided above the base (2). The lifting part of the Z-axis lifting assembly (21) is provided with a Y-axis transverse moving assembly (22). The adjusting part of the Y-axis transverse moving assembly (22) is provided with a Z-axis drilling assembly (23). The Y-axis guide rail (5) is slidably fitted with an X-axis guide rail (52), and a mounting bracket (51) is provided on the X-axis guide rail (52). A milling cutter (511) is mounted on the mounting bracket (51). The Y-axis guide rail 2 (6) is slidably fitted with the X-axis guide rail 2 (62), and the X-axis guide rail 2 (62) is provided with the X-axis drilling assembly (61). The control unit (3) includes a data acquisition module, an analysis module, a comparison module, a correction module and an output module. The modules interact with each other through an internal bus or a communication interface. The acquisition module is used to acquire multi-source sensor signals of the CNC drilling and milling composite machine tool in real time during the machining process, and output the multi-source sensor signals to the analysis module; The analysis module is used to perform time-domain and frequency-domain analysis on the received multi-source sensing signals, extract the feature parameter set of the current processing state, and output the feature parameter set to the comparison module; The comparison module is used to compare the feature parameter set with the standard process parameter library pre-stored in the storage unit of the control component (3) item by item, calculate the deviation of each parameter, and output the deviation to the correction module. The correction module is used to perform at least two sequentially progressive correction operations based on the deviation amount, generate a compensation amount, and output the compensation amount to the output module; The output module is used to convert the compensation amount into the corresponding drive signal of each actuator and output it, while feeding back the actual operating parameters of each actuator to the acquisition module in real time, forming a fully closed-loop control circuit.
2. The CNC drilling and milling composite machine tool for multi-angle synchronous drilling of plastic parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Z-axis lifting assembly (21), the Y-axis traverse assembly (22), and the Z-axis drilling assembly (23) move in coordination to perform drilling operations on the workpiece at different positions and depths.
3. The CNC drilling and milling composite machine tool for multi-angle synchronous drilling of plastic parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The X-axis guide rail (52) slides along the Y-axis direction, the mounting clamp (51) slides along the X-axis direction, and the milling cutter (511) moves in a two-dimensional plane through the sliding of the X-axis guide rail (52) and the mounting clamp (51) to perform milling operations on the workpiece at different positions.
4. A CNC drilling and milling composite machine tool for multi-angle synchronous drilling of plastic parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second X-axis guide rail (62) slides along the Y-axis direction, and the X-axis drilling assembly (61) moves to the corresponding drilling position of the workpiece through the sliding of the second X-axis guide rail (62) to perform drilling processing on the workpiece at different positions.
5. A CNC drilling and milling composite machine tool for multi-angle synchronous drilling of plastic parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-source sensing signals acquired by the acquisition module include: real-time cutting force data detected by the cutting force sensors installed on the Z-axis drilling assembly (23) and the X-axis drilling assembly (61); real-time load current data detected by the current sensors installed on the chuck (4) drive motor and each feed axis servo motor; real-time vibration spectrum data detected by the vibration sensor installed on the base (2); real-time position data detected by the grating ruler or magnetic grating ruler installed on the Z-axis lifting assembly (21), the Y-axis transverse assembly (22), the X-axis guide rail one (52) and the X-axis guide rail two (62); and real-time angle data detected by the angle encoder installed on the rotary drive device of the chuck (4).
6. A CNC drilling and milling composite machine tool for multi-angle synchronous drilling of plastic parts according to claim 5, characterized in that, The set of feature parameters extracted by the analysis module includes the actual feed speed deviation value of each feed axis, the actual cutting force fluctuation value of each drilling assembly, the actual rotation angle deviation value of the chuck (4), and the vibration characteristic value of the machine tool body; the analysis module is also used to match the set of feature parameters with the preset reference model to determine whether the current processing state is in the preset normal processing range.
7. A CNC drilling and milling composite machine tool for multi-angle synchronous drilling of plastic parts according to claim 6, characterized in that, The comparison module generates independent scalar error signals for each deviation, and each error signal is routed to the corresponding correction channel according to its physical meaning.
8. A CNC drilling and milling composite machine tool for multi-angle synchronous drilling of plastic parts according to claim 7, characterized in that, The at least two sequentially progressive correction operations performed by the correction module include a first correction and a second correction; The first correction is a responsive coarse correction. The correction module quickly generates the first set of compensation quantities and outputs them to the output module by looking up the correction coefficients preset in the control unit (3) based on the magnitude and direction of each deviation quantity. The second correction is an iterative fine correction. After the first correction is completed and the output module sends the drive signal to each actuator, the correction module obtains the actual response data of each actuator after executing the first set of compensation amounts through the acquisition module, compares the actual response data with the expected response data, calculates the residual deviation vector after the first correction, and decouples the residual deviation vector according to the physical channels. Each channel independently performs fine correction, generates the second set of compensation amounts, and outputs them to the output module.
9. A CNC drilling and milling composite machine tool for multi-angle synchronous drilling of plastic parts according to claim 8, characterized in that, If, after the second correction, the residual deviation of any channel exceeds the allowable threshold for that channel, then that channel will automatically initiate a third or subsequent iterative correction until convergence or the maximum number of iterations for that channel is reached.
10. A CNC drilling and milling composite machine tool for multi-angle synchronous drilling of plastic parts according to claim 9, characterized in that, The output module converts each compensation amount into analog quantities or pulse drive signals corresponding to each actuator in sequence, and outputs the drive signals to the lifting drive motor of the Z-axis lifting assembly (21), the transverse drive motor of the Y-axis transverse assembly (22), the drilling spindle motor of the Z-axis drilling assembly (23), the transverse drive motor of the X-axis guide rail one (52), the transverse drive motor of the X-axis guide rail two (62), the rotary drive motor of the chuck (4), and the longitudinal drive motors of the Y-axis guide rail one (5) and the Y-axis guide rail two (6), so as to drive each actuator to perform correction actions in sequence; at the same time, the output module feeds back the actual operating parameters of each actuator to the acquisition module in real time, providing a data basis for the next correction iteration.