Shaft part machining device

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of reducer assembly machining, and particularly discloses a shaft part machining device which comprises a clamping mechanism, at least two clamping components for clamping and fixing shaft workpieces are arranged on the clamping mechanism, the clamping components comprise detachable and replaceable clamping plates, and working surfaces for abutting against the shaft workpieces when the shaft workpieces are clamped and fixed are arranged on the clamping plates; the shaft part machining device is in a rotating state when turning the clamped and fixed shaft workpieces, the shaft workpieces will slide and rub against the working surfaces of the clamping plates under the action of cutting torque, thereby causing the working surfaces of the clamping plates to be rapidly abraded, the clamping plate is detached and replaced with a non-abraded clamping plate after the working surface of the clamping plate is seriously damaged and cannot be normally used, the whole clamping component does not need to be replaced, and the machining cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of gearbox assembly processing technology, specifically to a shaft-type parts processing device. Background Technology

[0002] The reducer assembly is the core component of a mechanical transmission system, responsible for speed reduction and torque increase. It mainly consists of a housing, input shaft, output shaft, intermediate shaft, gear pairs, bearings, end covers, and sealing and lubrication components. Power is transmitted through the input shaft, where multiple gears mesh to reduce speed and increase torque, before being transmitted to the working mechanism via the output shaft. It is commonly used in machine tools, vehicles, and conveying equipment. Core components such as the input shaft, output shaft, and intermediate shaft all require turning to complete critical forming processes. Turning is primarily used to machine the outer diameter, steps, end faces, relief grooves, and chamfers of shaft parts, ensuring dimensional accuracy and coaxiality requirements for each shaft segment. During machining, a lathe and a three-jaw chuck are used for clamping and positioning, performing rough and finish turning on the shaft blank to provide a suitable reference surface for subsequent grinding, gear machining, and assembly.

[0003] Chinese patent document CN118385977B discloses a shaft-type parts processing device, including a clamping block, two pull rods, two second springs, a push rod, a hydraulic cylinder, and a pressure block. The push rod is slidably sleeved in the clamping block, the clamping block is fixedly installed on the inner end of the push rod, the pressure block is fixedly installed on the outer end of the push rod, the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the slot away from the center, and the output end faces the pressure block. Two sliding cavities are symmetrically opened in the clamping block, and the two pull rods are slidably embedded in the sliding cavities, with their outer ends fixedly connected to the clamping block. The two second springs are respectively sleeved on the two pull rods.

[0004] When clamping and fixing shaft-type workpieces, the hydraulic cylinder is activated to apply pressure to the pressure block, and the pressure block applies pressure to the clamping block through the push rod, so that the clamping block applies a preset clamping force to the shaft-type workpiece.

[0005] However, the above-mentioned patent documents also have the following shortcomings: When machining the shaft parts of the reducer assembly, the working surfaces of the three jaws on the three-jaw chuck need to directly contact the shaft workpiece and apply clamping force. During the machining process, the shaft workpiece is subjected to cutting torque, which will cause relative sliding and friction with the working surfaces of the jaws, resulting in rapid wear of the working surfaces of the jaws, which leads to a decrease in centering accuracy and thus affects the machining accuracy of the shaft parts. Severely damaged jaws can only be replaced as a whole, which is costly. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention provides a shaft-type parts processing device, which aims to solve the problem in related technologies that severely damaged chucks can only be replaced as a whole, resulting in high costs.

[0007] The shaft-type parts processing apparatus of the present invention includes a clamping mechanism, which includes at least two clamping components for clamping and fixing shaft-type workpieces. The clamping components include detachable and replaceable clamping plates, and the clamping plates are provided with working surfaces that abut against the shaft-type workpieces when clamping and fixing them.

[0008] Beneficial effects: When turning shaft-type workpieces, the workpiece is first placed on the clamping mechanism, and multiple clamping components on the clamping mechanism clamp and fix the workpiece to a set position. The part of the multiple clamping components that directly contacts the workpiece is the clamping plate, and the surface of the clamping plate that contacts the workpiece is the working surface. During the machining process, the clamping mechanism and the workpiece are in a rotating state. The workpiece is subjected to cutting torque, which causes relative sliding and friction between the workpiece and the working surface of the clamping plate. This leads to rapid wear of the working surface of the clamping plate. When the working surface of the clamping plate is severely damaged and cannot be used normally, the clamping plate can be removed and replaced with an unworn clamping plate. There is no need to replace the entire clamping assembly, thus reducing machining costs.

[0009] Preferably, the clamping mechanism further includes a mounting component, and the clamping component further includes a movable seat that can slide on the mounting component, with the clamping plate detachably fixedly connected to the movable seat.

[0010] Its effect is that the sliding movable seat can drive the clamping plate to move towards or away from the shaft workpiece, so as to make the working surface of the clamping plate abut against the shaft workpiece and clamp and fix the shaft workpiece.

[0011] Preferably, the movable seat is provided with a material receiving cavity, and the side of the movable seat away from the mounting component and the side of the movable seat close to the central axis of the mounting component are both set to be open. The clamping plate is inserted into the material receiving cavity. Two guide rods are fixedly connected inside the movable seat. The clamping plate is provided with two long slots that pass through its ends. The two guide rods pass through the two long slots. A movable block is slidably connected inside the material receiving cavity. The guide rods pass through the movable block. A screw is rotatably connected to the movable seat. The movable block is threadedly connected to the screw.

[0012] Its effect is that by turning the screw, the movable block is driven to move towards the clamping plate, thereby pressing and fixing the clamping plate in the material cavity. When the clamping plate is guided by the guide rod, the two long slots on the clamping plate allow the clamping plate to be installed or removed without passing through the end of the guide rod, thus making the installation or removal of the clamping plate more convenient.

[0013] Preferably, the number of clamps is set to multiple, and the multiple clamps are all inserted into the material cavity on the movable seat.

[0014] Its effect is that by inserting multiple clamps into the material cavity on the moving seat, clamps in the non-working state can be stored so that they can be quickly replaced after the damaged clamps are removed.

[0015] Preferably, the movable seat is fixedly connected to two sets of fixing columns on the side near the central axis of the mounting component. Each of the two sets of fixing columns is fitted with a positioning baffle for blocking the clamping plate that contacts the shaft workpiece. Each of the two guide rods is provided with a threaded section at the end near the central axis of the mounting component. The threaded section of each of the two guide rods is threaded with a positioning nut for fixing the two positioning baffles on the movable seat.

[0016] Its effect is as follows: after the working surface of the clamp plate that contacts the shaft workpiece is damaged, the two positioning nuts are turned to move the positioning nuts toward the direction close to the central axis of the cylinder, thereby loosening the fixation between the positioning baffle and the moving seat, and separating the positioning baffle from the clamp plate, thereby loosening multiple clamp plates. At this time, the damaged clamp plate can be removed. Because the positioning baffle is in contact with the damaged clamp plate, it is easier to remove the damaged clamp plate after the positioning baffle is separated from the damaged clamp plate.

[0017] Preferably, the clamping plate includes a working section, two inclined sections, and two connecting sections. The two inclined sections are fixedly connected to both sides of the working section, and the two connecting sections are fixedly connected to the two inclined sections. The two connecting sections are located on the same plane. The working section and the two connecting sections are arranged parallel to each other. The side of the working section closest to the shaft-like workpiece is the working surface. The distance between the working surface on the working section and the shaft-like workpiece is less than the distance between the connecting sections and the shaft-like workpiece. One side of the positioning baffle is in contact with the connecting section. The distance between the positioning baffle and the shaft-like workpiece is greater than the distance between the working surface on the working section and the shaft-like workpiece.

[0018] Its effect is that the distance between the positioning baffle and the shaft workpiece is greater than the distance between the working surface on the working section and the shaft workpiece, so as to avoid direct contact between the positioning baffle and the shaft workpiece.

[0019] Preferably, the working surface of the clamping plate is provided with multiple grooves.

[0020] Its effects are as follows: the grooves on the working surface of the clamping plate can increase the friction between the working surface and the shaft workpiece, prevent the shaft workpiece from slipping and moving during turning, improve clamping stability, and the multiple grooves can accommodate the metal chips generated by cutting, avoiding the waste chips from being directly placed between the shaft workpiece and the chuck, which would cause the positioning to be too high and the coaxiality to be out of tolerance, thus ensuring clamping accuracy.

[0021] Preferably, the clamping mechanism further includes a material holding component for holding the waste entering the groove, wherein the number of material holding components is equal to the number of clamping components, and they are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0022] Preferably, the material holding assembly includes two fixed frames that are respectively fixedly connected to two positioning baffles and multiple material collecting plates that are respectively inserted into multiple grooves. The fixed plates at both ends of the material collecting plates are respectively fixedly connected to the two fixed frames by bolts.

[0023] The effect is that the waste debris entering the groove is difficult to clean completely and easily forms stubborn waste debris. After the stubborn waste debris extends out of the groove, it is easy to come into direct contact with the shaft workpiece, thereby damaging the surface of the shaft workpiece. At this time, by setting a collecting plate in the groove, the waste debris entering the groove can be collected. After the waste debris forms and extends out of the groove, the collecting plate can be removed and replaced separately, thereby further reducing costs.

[0024] Preferably, both the groove and the collecting plate are V-shaped.

[0025] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0026] 1. When the clamping plate is guided by the guide rod, the two long slots on the clamping plate allow the clamping plate to be installed or removed without passing through the end of the guide rod, thus making the installation or removal of the clamping plate more convenient.

[0027] 2. When in use, multiple clamps are inserted into the material cavity on the moving base to store the clamps when not in use, so that they can be quickly replaced after the damaged clamps are removed.

[0028] 3. After the working surface of the clamp plate that contacts the shaft workpiece is damaged, loosen the two positioning nuts to loosen the fixation between the positioning baffle and the moving seat, and separate the positioning baffle from the damaged clamp plate, thereby loosening multiple clamp plates. At this time, remove the damaged clamp plate. Because the positioning baffle is in contact with the damaged clamp plate, it is easier to remove the damaged clamp plate after the positioning baffle is separated from the damaged clamp plate.

[0029] 4. By setting a collecting plate in the groove, the waste entering the groove can be collected. After the waste extends out of the groove, the collecting plate can be removed and replaced separately without replacing the entire clamping plate, thereby further reducing costs. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 3 This is a partial front view structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the clamping mechanism of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 5 This is a front view cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the clamping mechanism of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 6 This is a side view of the clamping assembly and the material holding assembly of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 7 This is a bottom view of the clamping assembly of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 8 This is a bottom view of the clamping assembly and the material holding assembly of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the material holding assembly of the present invention.

[0039] Figure label: 1. Frame; 2. Clamping mechanism; 21. Rotating shaft; 22. Mounting assembly; 221. Cylinder; 222. Limiting ring; 223. Vent; 224. Divider plate; 225. Cavity 1; 226. Cavity 2; 23. Inflating ring; 24. Bidirectional gas generator; 25. Moving part; 26. Piston; 27. Connecting rod; 28. Clamping assembly; 281. Moving seat; 282. Guide rod; 283. Movable block; 284. Screw; 285. Clamping plate; 286. Fixed column; 287. Positioning baffle; 288. Positioning nut; 289. Long slot; 2810. Groove; 29. ​​Material holding assembly; 291. Fixed frame; 292. Collecting plate; 293. Fixed plate; 3. Drive mechanism; 4. Center mechanism; 5. Turning mechanism. Detailed Implementation

[0040] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0041] like Figures 1 to 9As shown, the shaft-type parts processing apparatus of the present invention includes a frame 1, a clamping mechanism 2, a drive mechanism 3, a center mechanism 4, and a turning mechanism 5. The clamping mechanism 2 is rotatably connected within the frame 1 and is used to clamp and fix the shaft-type workpiece. The clamping mechanism 2 is provided with multiple clamping plates 285, each with a working surface. If the working surface of a clamping plate 285 near the shaft-type workpiece is damaged, that clamping plate 285 can be removed, and the working surface of the next clamping plate 285 can continue to perform the clamping and fixing operation on the shaft-type workpiece. Compared to replacing the entire jaw, this saves processing costs. The drive mechanism 3 is installed within the frame 1 and is fixedly connected to the clamping mechanism 2. The drive mechanism 3 can drive the clamping mechanism 2 to rotate, so that the clamping mechanism 2 drives the shaft-type workpiece to rotate, so that the shaft-type workpiece can be subsequently turned. The centering mechanism 4 is installed inside the frame 1, located to the right of the clamping mechanism 2. The centering mechanism 4 can clamp the center of the end face of the shaft workpiece away from the clamping mechanism 2, and cooperates with the clamping mechanism 2 to form a two-end support structure, effectively limiting the radial runout and axial movement of the shaft workpiece, ensuring the coaxiality, straightness, and other dimensional and positional accuracy of the shaft parts. The turning mechanism 5 is installed inside the frame 1, located to the right of the clamping mechanism 2, and can perform turning operations on the shaft workpiece in a rotating state.

[0042] When performing a turning operation on a shaft-type workpiece, the workpiece is first placed into the clamping mechanism 2. Then, the clamping mechanism 2 is activated, holding and fixing the workpiece in place. At this time, the working surface of the clamping plate 285 contacts the workpiece. The center mechanism 4 is activated to press the center of the end face of the workpiece away from the clamping mechanism 2, forming a two-end support structure with the clamping mechanism 2. The drive mechanism 3 is activated, driving the clamping mechanism 2 to rotate, which in turn rotates the workpiece. The turning mechanism 5 is then activated to perform turning operations on the rotating workpiece.

[0043] like Figure 3 As shown, the drive mechanism 3 includes a motor, a transmission belt, and two transmission pulleys. The transmission belt is connected between the two transmission pulleys. One transmission pulley is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor, and the other transmission pulley is fixedly connected to the clamping mechanism 2. The motor is a three-phase asynchronous motor, which can provide stable power for the transmission of the transmission belt and the two transmission pulleys. Starting the motor drives the transmission of the transmission belt and the two transmission pulleys, so as to make the clamping mechanism 2 rotate, thereby providing power for the rotation of shaft-type workpieces.

[0044] like Figures 2 to 9As shown, the clamping mechanism 2 includes a rotating shaft 21, a mounting assembly 22, an inflation ring 23, a bidirectional gas generator 24, a moving part 25, a piston 26, a connecting rod 27, and a clamping assembly 28. The rotating shaft 21 is rotatably connected to the frame 1 and fixedly connected to a transmission wheel in the drive mechanism 3. This transmission wheel is positioned vertically above another transmission wheel fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor. When the motor drives the transmission belt and the two transmission wheels to rotate, it can drive the rotating shaft 21 to rotate. The mounting assembly 22 is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating shaft 21 near the tip mechanism 4. The inflation ring 23 is rotatably connected to the outside of the mounting assembly 22 and fixedly connected to the frame 1. The bidirectional gas generator 24 is fixedly connected to the frame 1 and is connected to the inflation ring 23 via a gas delivery hose. The bidirectional gas generator 24 can extract air from the inflation ring 23 or supply air to the inflation ring 23 via the gas delivery hose. The movable part 25 is inserted into the mounting assembly 22, and the piston 26 is fixedly connected to the left end of the movable part 25. By drawing air from or supplying air into the inflation ring 23 through the bidirectional gas generator 24, the piston 26 can drive the movable part 25 to move to the right or left.

[0045] Both the connecting rods 27 and the clamping assemblies 28 are configured in three sets, with each set of clamping assemblies 28 slidably connected to the right end of the mounting assembly 22. One end of each of the three sets of connecting rods 27 is rotatably connected to one of the three clamping assemblies 28, and the other end of each set of connecting rods 27 is rotatably connected to the right end of the moving part 25. When the moving part 25 moves to the right, it can push the three sets of connecting rods 27 to flip in opposite directions, and the three sets of connecting rods 27 respectively drive the three sets of clamping assemblies 28 to move synchronously away from the axis of the moving part 25, thereby releasing the clamping of the shaft-like workpiece. When the moving part 25 moves to the left, it can push the three sets of connecting rods 27 to flip in opposite directions, and the three sets of connecting rods 27 respectively drive the three sets of clamping assemblies 28 to move synchronously towards the axis of the moving part 25, thereby achieving the clamping and fixing of the shaft-like workpiece.

[0046] Continue to refer to Figures 2 to 9As shown, the mounting assembly 22 includes a cylinder 221, limiting rings 222, and a partition plate 224. The left end of the cylinder 221 is fixedly connected to the right end of the rotating shaft 21. The right end of the cylinder 221 is provided with three limiting grooves, and three sets of clamping assemblies 28 are respectively limited and slidably connected in the three limiting grooves, which can limit and guide the three sets of clamping assemblies 28 respectively. There are two limiting rings 222, and both limiting rings 222 are fixedly connected to the outside of the cylinder 221 by bolts. An inflation ring 23 is sleeved on the outside of the cylinder 221, and the inflation ring 23 is located between the two limiting rings 222. The left and right ends of the inflation ring 23 are rotatably connected to the two limiting rings 222 respectively, and the two limiting rings 222 can limit the inflation ring 23 to be positioned on the outside of the cylinder 221. A partition plate 224 is fixedly connected to the inner side of the cylinder 221. A cavity 225 is formed between the left side of the partition plate 224 and the inner wall of the cylinder 221, and a cavity 226 is formed between the right side of the partition plate 224 and the inner wall of the cylinder 221. The right end of the cavity 226 communicates with three limiting grooves. A movable part 25 passes through the partition plate 224 and is movably connected to it. The left end of the movable part 25 is located in the cavity 225, and the right end of the movable part 25 is located in the cavity 226. A piston 26 is fixedly connected to the left end of the movable part 25 and is located in the cavity 225. A vent 223 is provided on the outer side of the cylinder 221, through which the cavity 225 and the inflation ring 23 can be connected. The vent 223 is located to the right of the piston 26.

[0047] When the bidirectional gas generator 24 draws air from the inflation ring 23 through the delivery hose, the air in the cavity 225 enters the inflation ring 23 through the vent 223 and is drawn out by the delivery hose. At this time, the air pressure inside the cavity 225 decreases, which drives the piston 26 to move to the right. When the piston 26 moves to the right, it drives the moving part 25 to move to the right, so that the moving part 25 pushes the three sets of connecting rods 27 to flip in opposite directions and drives the three sets of clamping assemblies 28 to move in a direction away from the central axis of the moving part 25.

[0048] When the bidirectional gas generator 24 delivers air into the inflation ring 23 through the delivery hose, the air entering the inflation ring 23 can enter the cavity 225 through the vent 223, thereby increasing the internal air pressure of the cavity 225 and driving the piston 26 to move to the left. When the piston 26 moves to the left, it drives the moving part 25 to move to the left, so that the moving part 25 pushes the three sets of connecting rods 27 to flip in opposite directions and drives the three sets of clamping assemblies 28 to move toward the direction close to the central axis of the moving part 25.

[0049] Continue to refer to Figures 2 to 9As shown, the clamping assembly 28 includes a movable seat 281, guide rods 282, movable block 283, screw 284, clamping plate 285, fixed post 286, positioning baffle 287, and positioning nut 288. The movable seats 281 on the three clamping assemblies 28 are respectively slidably connected to three limiting grooves on the right end of the cylinder 221. The movable seat 281 is provided with a material receiving cavity, which is open on both the side and right side near the central axis of the cylinder 221. Two guide rods 282 are provided, both fixedly connected to the side wall of the material receiving cavity away from the central axis of the cylinder 221. The movable block 283 is slidably connected inside the material receiving cavity, and both guide rods 282 pass through and are movably connected to the movable block 283, allowing the movable block 283 to move along the two guide rods towards or away from the central axis of the cylinder 221. The screw 284 is rotatably connected to the movable seat 281. The screw 284 is arranged parallel to the two guide rods 282, and one end of the screw 284 extends into the material receiving cavity. The movable block 283 is threadedly connected to the screw 284. Tightening the screw 284 can drive the movable block 283 to move on the two guide rods 282, thereby providing power for the movable block 283 to move toward or away from the central axis of the cylinder 221.

[0050] Continue to refer to Figures 2 to 9 As shown, multiple clamping plates 285 are configured, each inserted into the material receiving cavity. These clamping plates 285 are arranged sequentially along a direction gradually approaching the central axis of the cylinder 221. Each clamping plate 285 has a working surface. If the working surface of a clamping plate 285 in contact with a shaft-like workpiece is damaged, that clamping plate 285 can be individually removed and the next clamping plate 285 can continue the clamping operation without replacing the entire clamping jaw. By inserting multiple clamping plates 285 into the material receiving cavity, multiple clamping plates 285 can be stored, eliminating the need to store replacement clamping plates 285 separately, thus facilitating quick replacement of damaged clamping plates 285. Each clamping plate 285 has two elongated slots 289, which are horizontally positioned along the length of the clamping plate 285. One end of each slot 289 penetrates the clamping plate 285, and two guide rods 282 pass through the two slots 289 respectively. The long slot 289 and guide rod 282 limit the movement of the clamping plate 285. Simultaneously, one end of the long slot 289 passes through the clamping plate 285, facilitating the removal of any damaged clamping plate 285 from the material chamber. The clamping plate 285 is made of low-cost 45# steel through a quenching and tempering process, with a thickness of 4 mm to 6 mm. The clamping plate 285 is a recessed U-shaped gasket, and the movable block 283 abuts against the clamping plate 285 closest to it.

[0051] Continue to refer to Figures 2 to 9As shown, the clamping plate 285 includes a working section, two inclined sections, and two connecting sections. The two inclined sections are fixedly connected to both sides of the working section, and the two connecting sections are fixedly connected to the two inclined sections. The two connecting sections are located on the same plane and are arranged parallel to each other. The side of the working section closest to the shaft-like workpiece is the working surface. The distance between the working surface of the working section and the shaft-like workpiece is less than the distance between the connecting sections and the shaft-like workpiece, so that after the working surface of the working section contacts the shaft-like workpiece, a certain distance is still maintained between the connecting sections and the shaft-like workpiece. Two sets of fixing columns 286 are provided, with two columns in each set. The two sets of fixing columns 286 are respectively connected to the two ends of the movable seat 281 near the central axis of the cylinder 221. Two positioning baffles 287 are respectively sleeved on the two sets of fixing columns 286, and the two sets of fixing columns 286 guide and limit the two positioning baffles 287.

[0052] Continue to refer to Figures 2 to 9 As shown, two positioning nuts 288 are provided. Each of the two guide rods 282 has a threaded section on its outer side near the central axis of the cylinder 221. The two positioning nuts 288 are threaded onto the threaded sections on the outer sides of the two guide rods 282, thereby firmly fixing the two positioning baffles 287 onto the movable seat 281. The sides of the two positioning baffles 287 away from the central axis of the cylinder 221 respectively abut against two connecting sections on the clamping plate 285 closest to the central axis of the cylinder 221, so as to limit and fix the multiple clamping plates 285 within the movable seat 281.

[0053] Continue to refer to Figures 2 to 9 As shown, after the working surface of the clamping plate 285 closest to the central axis of the cylinder 221 is damaged, the two positioning nuts 288 can be turned to move the positioning nuts 288 toward the direction closer to the central axis of the cylinder 221, thereby loosening the fixation between the positioning baffle 287 and the moving seat 281, and separating the positioning baffle 287 from the clamping plate 285, thereby loosening multiple clamping plates 285 so that the damaged clamping plate 285 can be removed.

[0054] Continue to refer to Figures 2 to 9 As shown, after the damaged clamping plate 285 is removed, loosening occurs between the multiple clamping plates 285. At this point, the positioning nut 288 is tightened again to fix the positioning baffle 287 onto the moving seat 281. Tightening the screw 284 drives the moving seat 281 to move towards the central axis of the cylinder 221 under the guidance of the guide rod 282. The moving seat 281 pushes the multiple clamping plates 285 to move until the clamping plate 285 closest to the central axis of the cylinder 221 abuts against the positioning baffle 287, thus accurately replacing the damaged clamping plate 285 and ensuring the accuracy of subsequent use.

[0055] Continue to refer to Figures 2 to 9As shown, the working surface of the clamping plate 285 is provided with multiple grooves 2810. The grooves 2810 are V-shaped and are used to increase the friction between the working surface and the shaft workpiece, preventing the shaft workpiece from slipping and moving during turning, thus improving clamping stability. The multiple grooves 2810 can also accommodate metal chips generated during cutting, preventing chips from directly padding between the shaft workpiece and the chuck, which could lead to misalignment or excessive coaxiality, ensuring clamping accuracy. The depth of the grooves 2810 is 0.5 mm to 1.2 mm. With the clamping plate 285 being 4 mm to 6 mm thick, it is ensured that the clamping plate 285 still has sufficient structural strength and rigidity after the grooves 2810 are created, preventing deformation and breakage during clamping.

[0056] Continue to refer to Figures 2 to 9 As shown, the clamping mechanism 2 also includes a material holding assembly 29, of which three are mounted on three clamping assemblies 28. Each material holding assembly 29 includes a fixing frame 291 and a collecting plate 292. Two fixing frames 291 are bolted to two positioning baffles 287. Multiple collecting plates 292 are arranged in a V-shape and inserted into multiple grooves 2810. The collecting plates 292 collect waste materials entering the grooves 2810. Each collecting plate 292 has a fixing plate 293 fixedly connected to both ends, and these fixing plates 293 are bolted to the two fixing frames 291. The distance between the fixing frame 291, the collecting plate 292, and the fixing plate 293 on the side closest to the central axis of the cylinder 221 and the shaft-like workpiece is greater than the distance between the working surface of the clamping plate 285 and the shaft-like workpiece. This is to avoid direct contact between the fixing frame 291, the collecting plate 292, and the fixing plate 293 and the shaft-like workpiece after clamping. Waste debris entering the groove 2810 is difficult to clean completely and easily forms stubborn debris. After the stubborn debris extends out of the groove 2810, it can easily come into direct contact with the shaft-like workpiece, thereby damaging the surface of the shaft-like workpiece. This necessitates replacing the entire clamping plate 285, which increases costs. In this embodiment, by setting the collecting plate 292 in the groove 2810, the waste debris entering the groove 2810 can be collected. After the formed waste debris extends out of the groove 2810, the collecting plate 292 can be disassembled and replaced separately, without replacing the entire clamping plate 285, thereby further reducing costs.

[0057] Working principle: When turning the shaft parts of the reducer, the shaft workpiece is placed between the three clamping assemblies 28.

[0058] The bidirectional gas generator 24 is started, and air is supplied to the inflation ring 23 through the delivery hose. The air entering the inflation ring 23 can enter the cavity 225 through the vent 223, thereby increasing the internal air pressure of the cavity 225. This drives the piston 26 to move to the left. When the piston 26 moves to the left, it drives the moving part 25 to move to the left, so that the moving part 25 pushes the three sets of connecting rods 27 to flip in opposite directions and drives the three sets of clamping assemblies 28 to move toward the direction close to the central axis of the moving part 25. Thus, the clamping plates 285 on the three sets of clamping assemblies 28 close to the shaft-like workpiece are clamped and fixed.

[0059] The starting motor drives the transmission belt and two transmission wheels to rotate the clamping mechanism 2, which in turn drives the shaft-type workpiece to rotate.

[0060] The top mechanism 4 is activated to clamp the center of the end face of the shaft-type workpiece away from the clamping mechanism 2, and cooperates with the clamping mechanism 2 to form a two-end support structure.

[0061] The turning mechanism 5 is activated to perform turning machining on the rotating shaft workpiece.

[0062] After the working surface of the clamping plate 285 that contacts the shaft workpiece is damaged, the two positioning nuts 288 are turned to move the positioning nuts 288 toward the direction closer to the central axis of the cylinder 221, thereby loosening the fixation between the positioning baffle 287 and the moving seat 281, and separating the positioning baffle 287 from the clamping plate 285, thereby loosening multiple clamping plates 285. At this time, the damaged clamping plate 285 is removed, and then the positioning nuts 288 are turned again to fix the positioning baffle 287 on the moving seat 281.

[0063] Tightening the screw 284 drives the movable seat 281 to move toward the direction close to the central axis of the cylinder 221 under the guidance of the guide rod 282. The movable seat 281 pushes multiple clamping plates 285 to move until the clamping plate 285 closest to the central axis of the cylinder 221 abuts against the positioning baffle 287, so as to accurately replace the damaged clamping plate 285.

[0064] During the turning process of shaft-type workpieces, the waste chips enter the groove 2810 on the working surface of the clamping plate 285 and are collected by the collecting plate 292. After the stubborn waste chips in the collecting plate 292 protrude from the groove 2810, the collecting plate 292 is removed and replaced separately.

[0065] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shaft-type part processing device, comprising a clamping mechanism (2), wherein the clamping mechanism (2) includes at least two clamping assemblies (28) for clamping and fixing shaft-type workpieces, characterized in that, The clamping assembly (28) includes a removable and replaceable clamping plate (285), which has a working surface that abuts against the shaft workpiece when clamping and fixing it.

2. The shaft-type parts processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The clamping mechanism (2) further includes an installation component (22), and the clamping component (28) further includes a movable seat (281) that can slide on the installation component (22), and the clamping plate (285) is detachably fixedly connected to the movable seat (281).

3. The shaft-type parts processing device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The movable seat (281) is provided with a material cavity, and the side of the movable seat (281) away from the mounting component (22) and the side of the movable seat (281) close to the central axis of the mounting component (22) are both set to be open. The clamping plate (285) is inserted into the material cavity. Two guide rods (282) are fixedly connected inside the movable seat (281). Two long slots (289) are provided on the clamping plate (285) that pass through its end. The two guide rods (282) pass through the two long slots (289). A movable block (283) is slidably connected inside the material cavity. The guide rods (282) pass through the movable block (283). A screw (284) is rotatably connected to the movable seat (281). The movable block (283) is threadedly connected to the screw (284).

4. The shaft-type parts processing device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The number of clamps (285) is set to multiple, and multiple clamps (285) are inserted into the material cavity on the movable seat (281).

5. The shaft-type parts processing device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The movable seat (281) is fixedly connected to two sets of fixed columns (286) on the side near the central axis of the mounting assembly (22). Both sets of fixed columns (286) are fitted with positioning baffles (287) to block the clamps (285) that come into contact with shaft-type workpieces. Both guide rods (282) are provided with threaded sections at the ends near the central axis of the mounting assembly (22). Both guide rods (282) are threaded with positioning nuts (288) for fixing the two positioning baffles (287) on the movable seat (281).

6. The shaft-type parts processing apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that, The clamp (285) includes a working section, two inclined sections and two connecting sections. The two inclined sections are fixedly connected to both sides of the working section, and the two connecting sections are fixedly connected to the two inclined sections. The two connecting sections are located on the same plane. The working section and the two connecting sections are arranged in parallel. The side of the working section closest to the shaft workpiece is the working surface. The distance between the working surface on the working section and the shaft workpiece is less than the distance between the connecting section and the shaft workpiece. One side of the positioning baffle (287) is in contact with the connecting section. The distance between the positioning baffle (287) and the shaft workpiece is greater than the distance between the working surface on the working section and the shaft workpiece.

7. The shaft-type parts processing apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, The working surface of the clamp (285) is provided with multiple grooves (2810).

8. The shaft-type parts processing apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that, The clamping mechanism (2) further includes a material holding assembly (29) for holding waste entering the groove (2810). The number of material holding assemblies (29) is equal to that of clamping assemblies (28), and they are set in a one-to-one correspondence.

9. The shaft-type parts processing apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that, The material holding assembly (29) includes two fixed frames (291) that are respectively fixedly connected to two positioning baffles (287) and multiple material collecting plates (292) that are respectively inserted into multiple grooves (2810). The fixed plates (293) at both ends of the material collecting plates (292) are respectively fixedly connected to the two fixed frames (291) by bolts.

10. The shaft-type parts processing apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that, Both the groove (2810) and the collecting plate (292) are V-shaped.

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