Non-orthogonal five-axis linkage vertical-horizontal conversion machining center mechanism

Abstract

The application discloses a non-orthogonal five-axis linkage vertical-horizontal conversion machining center mechanism and relates to the technical field of machine tool machining. The positioning assembly is arranged on the machine body and is used for fixing a workpiece to be machined. The machining assembly comprises a horizontal-vertical adjusting mechanism, an inclined rotating shaft and a machining head. The horizontal-vertical adjusting mechanism is arranged on the machine body and is rotationally connected to the inclined rotating shaft. The inclined rotating shaft is connected to the machining head. The inclined rotating shaft is arranged at an angle of 45 degrees with a vertical plane and a horizontal plane. When the inclined rotating shaft rotates, the machining head can rotate. The center axis of the machining head can be switched between the horizontal direction and the vertical direction. Therefore, the milling cutter can be quickly converted between the vertical state and the horizontal state without the help of an adapter. The cost of the adapter is avoided to be additionally increased. The process of installing the adapter in the middle is saved. The working efficiency is remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of machine tool processing technology, specifically to a non-orthogonal five-axis linkage vertical-horizontal conversion machining center mechanism. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing demands for precision and efficiency in machining complex curved surface parts in fields such as aerospace, automotive molds, and energy equipment, five-axis machining centers have become core equipment for achieving high-precision and high-efficiency machining. This is of great significance for improving the self-sufficiency level of high-end CNC machine tools in my country and meeting the processing needs of high-end manufacturing. For precision machining of different parts of a workpiece, the machining head of the machine tool needs to adjust the angle of its milling cutter, switching between horizontal and vertical positions. When the milling cutter is in a vertical position, its central axis is perpendicular to the ground; when it is in a horizontal position, its central axis is parallel to the ground. When the machining head needs to switch between vertical and horizontal milling cutter positions, the milling cutter is usually disassembled first, and then an adapter is installed on the machining head. This adapter changes the installation direction of the milling cutter, thus achieving the switching between vertical and horizontal positions.

[0003] However, when switching the milling cutter to vertical or horizontal position on existing machine tool machining heads, an adapter is required, which not only increases the cost of the adapter but also reduces work efficiency by installing the adapter midway. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the above-mentioned technical deficiencies and propose a non-orthogonal five-axis linkage vertical-horizontal conversion machining center mechanism. This solves the technical problem that in the prior art, when switching the milling cutter to the vertical or horizontal state of the machining head of a five-axis linkage machining center, an adapter is required for switching, which not only increases the cost of the adapter but also reduces work efficiency due to the intermediate installation of the adapter.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: This invention provides a non-orthogonal five-axis linkage vertical-horizontal conversion machining center mechanism, comprising: Organism; A positioning component is disposed on the machine body, the positioning component being used to fix the workpiece to be processed; and The processing assembly includes a horizontal and vertical adjustment mechanism, a tilting shaft, and a processing head. The horizontal and vertical adjustment mechanism is located on the machine body and rotatably connected to the tilting shaft. The tilting shaft is connected to the processing head. The tilting shaft is set at a 45° angle to both the vertical plane and the horizontal plane. When the tilting shaft rotates, it can drive the processing head to rotate, so that the central axis of the processing head can switch between the horizontal and vertical directions.

[0006] In some embodiments, the horizontal and vertical adjustment mechanism includes a frame, a horizontal moving unit, a vertical moving unit, and an angle adjustment unit. The frame is connected to the machine body, the horizontal moving unit is disposed on the frame, the vertical moving unit is disposed on the horizontal moving unit, and the angle adjustment unit is disposed on the vertical moving unit and rotatably connected to the tilting shaft.

[0007] In some embodiments, the angle adjustment unit includes a container and an angle adjustment motor. The container is disposed in the vertical moving unit, and the angle adjustment motor is disposed inside the container and connected to the tilting shaft. The container has a first inclined surface, and the processing head has a second inclined surface. The two ends of the tilting shaft are respectively connected to the first inclined surface and the second inclined surface. The first inclined surface and the second inclined surface are parallel to each other and both are set at a 45° angle to the vertical plane and the horizontal plane.

[0008] In some embodiments, the tilting shaft includes a first turntable and a second turntable. The first turntable is fixedly connected to the first inclined surface on the side opposite to the second turntable, and the second turntable is fixedly connected to the second inclined surface on the side opposite to the first turntable. The first turntable and the second turntable are rotatably connected. The angle adjustment motor is connected to the second turntable and is used to drive the second turntable to rotate the processing head.

[0009] In some embodiments, the angle adjustment unit further includes a vertical adjustment motor, which is disposed in the vertical movement unit and connected to the container, and is used to drive the container to rotate around a vertical line.

[0010] In some embodiments, the angle adjustment unit further includes a drive disk and a transmission belt. The drive disk is fixedly connected to the container and rotatably connected to the vertical movement unit. The vertical adjustment motor is connected to the drive disk and is used to drive the drive disk to rotate around a vertical line.

[0011] In some embodiments, the non-orthogonal five-axis linkage vertical-horizontal conversion machining center mechanism further includes a position adjustment component disposed on the machine body. The position adjustment component is connected to the positioning component and is used to drive the positioning component to reciprocate along a first direction, which is perpendicular to the movement directions of the horizontal movement unit and the vertical movement unit.

[0012] In some embodiments, the positioning component includes a fixed disk and a plurality of movable blocks. The plurality of movable blocks are arranged circumferentially around the fixed disk and are all slidably connected to the fixed disk along the radial direction of the fixed disk. When the plurality of movable blocks slide back and forth along the radial direction of the fixed disk, they can hold and fix the workpiece to be processed or unlock the workpiece to be processed.

[0013] In some embodiments, the positioning component further includes a drive turntable rotatably connected to the fixed disk. The drive turntable has a plurality of cam holes along its circumference, and the distance between each cam hole and the center of the drive turntable gradually changes. The moving block has a connecting portion and is slidably connected to the cam holes through the connecting portion.

[0014] In some embodiments, the positioning component further includes a drive cylinder, the drive end of which is rotatably connected to a protrusion on the side of the drive turntable and is capable of driving the drive turntable to reciprocate.

[0015] Compared with existing technologies, the non-orthogonal five-axis linkage vertical-horizontal conversion machining center mechanism provided by the present invention sets the tilting axis at a 45° angle to both the vertical and horizontal planes. The tilting axis is driven to rotate by a horizontal and vertical adjustment mechanism, which in turn drives the machining head to rotate. This allows the central axis of the machining head to switch directly between the horizontal and vertical directions, thus achieving rapid conversion of the milling cutter's vertical and horizontal states without the need for an adapter. This avoids the additional cost of adapters and eliminates the need for intermediate adapter installation, significantly improving work efficiency. Furthermore, this non-orthogonal 45° tilting axis structure allows the machine tool to accommodate both vertical and horizontal machining postures during five-axis linkage machining, effectively enhancing the machining center's flexibility in machining complex curved parts. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the non-orthogonal five-axis linkage vertical-horizontal conversion machining center mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the angle adjustment unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the positioning component provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the drive cylinder, drive turntable and multiple moving blocks connected according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Another structural diagram from a different perspective; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fixed disk provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the processing head in the locked state according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the processing head in the unlocked state provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0018] To address the technical problem that existing five-axis linkage machining centers require adapters to switch the milling cutter between vertical and horizontal positions, which not only increases the cost of the adapters but also reduces work efficiency, this invention provides a non-orthogonal five-axis linkage vertical-horizontal conversion machining center mechanism. This mechanism enables direct switching of the machining head's central axis between the horizontal and vertical directions, allowing for rapid conversion of the milling cutter's vertical / horizontal position without the need for adapters.

[0019] It should be noted that the non-orthogonal five-axis linkage vertical-horizontal conversion machining center mechanism described in this invention is used for, but not limited to, machining complex curved surface parts such as aerospace structural components, automotive molds, and energy equipment parts. For ease of explanation, this invention only uses the application of the non-orthogonal five-axis linkage vertical-horizontal conversion machining center mechanism to the machining of aerospace structural components as an example. The principle of the non-orthogonal five-axis linkage vertical-horizontal conversion machining center mechanism in the machining of other types of parts is essentially the same as that in the machining of aerospace structural components, and will not be elaborated here.

[0020] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a non-orthogonal five-axis linkage vertical-horizontal conversion machining center mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention. The non-orthogonal five-axis linkage vertical-horizontal conversion machining center mechanism includes a machine body 1, a positioning component 2, and a machining component 3. The positioning component 2 is disposed on the machine body 1 and is used to fix the workpiece to be machined so that the machining component 3 can perform milling machining on the workpiece. The machining component 3 includes a horizontal and vertical adjustment mechanism 31, a tilting shaft 32, and a machining head 33. The horizontal and vertical adjustment mechanism 31 is disposed on the machine body 1 and rotatably connected to the tilting shaft 32. The tilting shaft 32 is connected to the machining head 33. The tilting shaft 32 is set at a 45° angle with both the vertical plane and the horizontal plane. When the tilting shaft 32 rotates, it can drive the machining head 33 to rotate, so that the central axis of the machining head 33 can switch between the horizontal and vertical directions.

[0021] In this embodiment, the bottom of the machine body 1 is provided with anchor bolt mounting holes for fixing to the ground with bolts. The tilting shaft 32 is set at a 45° angle to both the vertical and horizontal planes. When the tilting shaft 32 rotates 180° around its own axis, the central axis of the machining head 33 switches from the vertical direction (vertical state) to the horizontal direction (horizontal state), or from the horizontal direction to the vertical direction. This realizes the quick conversion between the vertical and horizontal states of the milling cutter without an adapter, effectively solving the technical problems of the prior art that require an adapter to switch, increasing costs and reducing work efficiency.

[0022] In one embodiment, please refer to Figure 1 The horizontal and vertical adjustment mechanism 31 includes a frame 311, a horizontal moving unit 312, a vertical moving unit 313, and an angle adjustment unit 314. The frame 311 is connected to the machine body 1. The horizontal moving unit 312 is located on the frame 311. The vertical moving unit 313 is located on the horizontal moving unit 312. The angle adjustment unit 314 is located on the vertical moving unit 313 and is rotatably connected to the tilting shaft 32. In this embodiment, the frame 311 is a gantry-type welded steel structure, and the frame 311 is fixed to the top of the machine body 1 by bolts; the horizontal moving unit 312 includes a horizontal guide rail, a horizontal slide table and a horizontal servo motor. The horizontal guide rail is arranged horizontally on the frame 311, the horizontal slide table is slidably connected to the horizontal guide rail, and the horizontal servo motor drives the horizontal slide table to reciprocate along the horizontal guide rail through a ball screw; the vertical moving unit 313 includes a vertical guide rail 316, a vertical slide table 315 and a vertical servo motor 317. The vertical guide rail 316 is arranged vertically on the horizontal slide table, the vertical slide table 315 is slidably connected to the vertical guide rail 316, and the vertical servo motor 317 drives the vertical slide table 315 to reciprocate along the vertical guide rail 316 through a ball screw. Angle adjustment unit 314 is fixed to vertical slide table 315. The output end of angle adjustment unit 314 is connected to tilting shaft 32. Through the linkage of horizontal movement unit 312 and vertical movement unit 313, the machining head 33 is positioned in two dimensions in the horizontal and vertical directions. Combined with the rotation of tilting shaft 32 and subsequent rotational degrees of freedom, a five-axis linkage machining capability is formed.

[0023] In one embodiment, please refer to Figure 2The angle adjustment unit 314 includes a container 3141 and an angle adjustment motor (not shown in the figure). The container 3141 is located in the vertical moving unit 313, and the angle adjustment motor is located inside the container 3141 and connected to the tilting shaft 32. The container 3141 has a first inclined surface 3143, and the processing head 33 has a second inclined surface 330. The two ends of the tilting shaft 32 are respectively connected to the first inclined surface 3143 and the second inclined surface 330. The first inclined surface 3143 and the second inclined surface 330 are parallel to each other and both form a 45° angle with the vertical plane and the horizontal plane. In this embodiment, the container 3141 is provided with a motor mounting seat and a bearing mounting position. The first inclined surface 3143 is machined on the side of the container 3141 near the processing head 33, and the first inclined surface 3143 forms a 45° angle with both the vertical plane and the horizontal plane. A second inclined surface 330 is machined on the side of the processing head 33 near the container 3141. The second inclined surface 330 is parallel to the first inclined surface 3143 and the distance between them is about 20mm. This distance is used to install the tilting shaft 32. The two ends of the tilting shaft 32 are fixedly connected to the first inclined surface 3143 and the second inclined surface 330 by bolts, ensuring that the axis of the tilting shaft 32 is perpendicular to the two inclined surfaces, thereby ensuring that the tilting shaft 32 forms a 45° angle with both the vertical plane and the horizontal plane. The angle adjustment motor can be a servo motor or a torque motor, which is connected to the tilting shaft 32 through a reducer to provide sufficient torque to drive the processing head 33 to rotate.

[0024] In one embodiment, please refer to Figure 2 The tilting shaft 32 includes a first turntable 321 and a second turntable 322. The side of the first turntable 321 facing away from the second turntable 322 is fixedly connected to a first inclined surface 3143, and the side of the second turntable 322 facing away from the first turntable 321 is fixedly connected to a second inclined surface 330. The first turntable 321 and the second turntable 322 are rotatably connected. An angle adjustment motor is connected to the second turntable 322 and is used to drive the second turntable 322 to rotate the processing head 33. In this embodiment, both the first turntable 321 and the second turntable 322 are disc-shaped steel structures. The first turntable 321 is fixed to the first inclined surface 3143 of the container 3141 by bolts, and the second turntable 322 is fixed to the second inclined surface 330 of the processing head 33 by bolts. The first turntable 321 and the second turntable 322 are rotatably connected by a precision crossed roller bearing. The inner ring of the bearing is interference-fitted with the first turntable 321, and the outer ring of the bearing is interference-fitted with the second turntable 322 to withstand the radial and axial forces during the processing. The output shaft of the angle adjustment motor is connected to the second turntable 322 via a coupling, driving the second turntable 322 to rotate relative to the first turntable 321 around the axis of the inclined shaft 32, thereby driving the machining head 33 to rotate and realizing the switching of the milling cutter center axis between the horizontal and vertical directions.

[0025] In one embodiment, please refer to Figure 2The angle adjustment unit 314 also includes a vertical adjustment motor 3144, which is located in the vertical moving unit 313 and connected to the container 3141. The vertical adjustment motor 3144 is used to drive the container 3141 to rotate around a vertical line.

[0026] In this embodiment, the vertical adjustment motor 3144 is specifically located on the vertical slide 315 of the vertical moving unit 313. As the vertical slide 315 rises and falls, the vertical adjustment motor 3144 and the processing head 33 can rise and fall accordingly. The vertical slide 315 includes a horizontal plate 318 and a vertical plate 319. Figure 1 (As shown), a vertical plate 319 is slidably connected to a vertical guide rail 316, and a horizontal plate 318 is vertically connected to the vertical plate 319, arranged horizontally. A vertical adjustment motor 3144 is fixed to the horizontal plate 318 by bolts. The vertical adjustment motor 3144 can be a servo motor, with its output shaft arranged vertically. The output end of the vertical adjustment motor 3144 is connected to the container 3141, which can drive the container 3141, together with the tilting shaft 32 and the processing head 33, to rotate around a vertical line. The rotation angle range is 360° continuous rotation, allowing the processing head 33 to adjust its azimuth angle arbitrarily in the horizontal plane. Combined with the vertical-to-horizontal conversion function of the tilting shaft 32, multi-angle processing of complex curved surface parts can be realized.

[0027] In one embodiment, please refer to Figure 2 The angle adjustment unit 314 also includes a drive disk 3145 and a transmission belt 3146. The drive disk 3145 is fixedly connected to the container 3141 and rotatably connected to the vertical moving unit 313. The vertical adjustment motor 3144 is connected to the drive disk 3145 and is used to drive the drive disk 3145 to rotate around a vertical line. In this embodiment, the drive disk 3145 is a disc-shaped steel structure, and the drive disk 3145 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the container 3141 by bolts. A precision bearing is provided on the horizontal plate 318, and the drive disk 3145 is rotatably connected to the vertical slide table through the bearing to form a stable rotational support. The transmission belt 3146 can be a synchronous belt or gear drive. The output shaft of the vertical adjustment motor 3144 meshes with the drive disk 3145 through the synchronous belt. When the vertical adjustment motor 3144 is working, it can drive the synchronous belt to rotate through its output shaft, and the synchronous belt drives the drive disk 3145 to rotate. A protective cover can be installed on the outside of the transmission belt 3146 to prevent cutting fluid and chips from entering the transmission system, ensuring rotational accuracy and service life.

[0028] In one embodiment, please refer to Figure 1The non-orthogonal five-axis linkage vertical-horizontal conversion machining center mechanism also includes a position adjustment component 4 mounted on the machine body 1. The position adjustment component 4 is connected to the positioning component 2 and is used to drive the positioning component 2 to reciprocate along a first direction, which is perpendicular to the movement directions of the horizontal movement unit 312 and the vertical movement unit 313. In this embodiment, the position adjustment component 4 includes a longitudinal guide rail 41, a longitudinal slide 42, and a longitudinal servo motor 43. The longitudinal guide rail 41 is arranged on the worktable of the machine body 1 along the first direction (i.e., the Y-axis direction of the machine tool). The longitudinal slide 42 is slidably connected to the longitudinal guide rail 41, specifically, the longitudinal slide 42 is slidably connected to the longitudinal guide rail 41 through a slip ring 421 provided at its bottom. The longitudinal servo motor 43 is threaded through a protrusion at the bottom of the longitudinal slide 42 via a ball screw 431. When the longitudinal servo motor 43 is working, it drives the ball screw 431 to rotate, and the ball screw 431 drives the longitudinal slide 42 to reciprocate along the longitudinal guide rail 41 through the thread. The first direction is perpendicular to the movement direction (X-axis) of the horizontal movement unit 312 and also perpendicular to the movement direction (Z-axis) of the vertical movement unit 313. The three form a rectangular coordinate system, which, together with the rotation of the tilting axis 32 and the vertical rotation of the container 3141, achieves true five-axis linkage machining. The positioning component 2 is fixed on the longitudinal slide table, and the position adjustment component 4 drives the workpiece to move along the Y-axis, which is linked with the X-axis and Z-axis movement of the machining head 33 and the two rotation axes to complete the machining of complex curved surface parts.

[0029] In one embodiment, please refer to Figures 3 to 6 The positioning component 2 includes a fixed disk 21 and multiple movable blocks 22. The multiple movable blocks 22 are arranged circumferentially around the fixed disk 21 and are all slidably connected to the fixed disk 21 radially. When the multiple movable blocks 22 slide back and forth radially along the fixed disk 21, they can hold and fix the workpiece to be processed or unlock the workpiece to be processed. In this embodiment, the fixed disk 21 is a circular cast iron disk, and the top surface of the fixed disk 21 is machined with multiple radially arranged linear grooves 213. There are six movable blocks 22, which are evenly arranged circumferentially around the fixed disk 21. The shape of each movable block 22 is adapted to the shape of the linear groove, so that the movable block 22 can slide radially along the fixed disk 21. A planar clamping block is provided on the side of the movable block 22 facing the center of the fixed disk 21. The surface of the clamping block can be inlaid with hard alloy or quenched to improve wear resistance. When multiple moving blocks 22 slide away from the center of the fixed disk 21 at the same time, they can clamp and fix the workpiece to be processed; when multiple moving blocks 22 slide toward the center of the fixed disk 21 at the same time, they can release the workpiece, realizing the quick clamping and unclamping of the workpiece.

[0030] In one embodiment, please refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4The positioning component 2 also includes a drive turntable 23, which is rotatably connected to the fixed disk 21. The drive turntable 23 has multiple cam holes 231 along its circumference, and the distance between each cam hole 231 and the center of the drive turntable 23 gradually changes. The bottom of the moving block 22 is rotatably provided with a connecting part 221, which slides into the cam hole 231. In this embodiment, the fixed disk 21 is integrally formed by a disk 211 and multiple positioning protrusions 212. The multiple positioning protrusions 212 are all located on the top surface of the disk 211 and are evenly and angularly arranged around the periphery of the disk 211. Linear grooves 213 are formed between adjacent positioning protrusions 212 to allow the moving block 22 to slide back and forth. Each positioning boss 212 has a limit strip 214 detachably connected to the boss on both sides by screws. The side of the limit strip 214 extends into the linear groove 213 to limit the movement block 22 and prevent the movement block 22 from disengaging from the linear groove 213. The movement block 22 is limited to sliding back and forth along the linear groove 213.

[0031] The drive turntable 23 has a disc-shaped annular structure with an opening at its center. The diameter of this opening is equal to the diameter of the disc 211, and the opening is connected to the rotation of the disc 211. The number of cam holes 231 is the same as the number of moving blocks 22, both being six. The cam holes 231 are arc-shaped grooves extending circumferentially along the drive turntable 23. The distance between the end of the cam hole 231 closest to the center of the drive turntable 23 and the center is R1, and the distance between the end of the cam hole 231 furthest from the center and the center is R2, where R2 is greater than R1, forming a gradually changing cam profile. The connecting part 221 at the bottom of the moving block 22 is a cylindrical pin. The connecting part 221 passes through the radial guide groove on the fixed disc 21 and extends into the cam hole 231, slidingly engaging with the cam hole 231. When the drive turntable 23 rotates, the side wall of the cam hole 231 pushes the connecting part 221 to move radially along the fixed plate 21. Since the gradual change direction of each cam hole 231 is consistent, all moving blocks 22 can move towards the center or open outwards in sync, so as to achieve the centering clamping or loosening of the workpiece.

[0032] In one embodiment, please refer to Figure 4The positioning component 2 also includes a drive cylinder 24. The drive end of the drive cylinder 24 is rotatably connected to the protrusion 232 on the side of the drive turntable 23, and can drive the drive turntable 23 to reciprocate. In this embodiment, the cylinder body of the drive cylinder 24 is fixed to the top surface of the longitudinal slide table 42 by a hinge support, and the piston rod end of the drive cylinder 24 is rotatably connected to the protrusion 232 on the side of the drive turntable 23 by a hinge pin. When the piston rod of the drive cylinder 24 extends, it pushes the protrusion 232 to make the drive turntable 23 rotate clockwise, and the moving block 22 moves toward the center of the fixed plate 21 to clamp the workpiece; when the piston rod of the drive cylinder 24 retracts, it pulls the protrusion 232 to make the drive turntable 23 rotate counterclockwise, and the moving block 22 moves toward the edge of the fixed plate 21 to release the workpiece. The air circuit of the drive cylinder 24 can be connected to the pneumatic system of the machine tool, and its extension and retraction actions can be controlled by a solenoid valve to realize the automation of workpiece clamping.

[0033] In one embodiment, please refer to Figure 7 and Figure 8 The processing head 33 includes a main shell 331, an adjusting sleeve 332, a spring 333, and limiting balls 334. The adjusting sleeve 332 is slidably connected to the main shell 331. The spring 333 is sleeved on the main shell 331, and its two ends are connected to the main shell 331 and the adjusting sleeve 332. The side wall of the main shell 331 has a through movable annular groove 335. There are multiple limiting balls 334, which are movably disposed in the movable annular groove 335. In the radial direction of the main shell 331, the outlet size on both sides of the movable annular groove 335 is smaller than the diameter of the limiting balls 334, so that the limiting balls 334 can stay in the movable annular groove 335 without falling out. At the same time, the limiting balls 334 can roll so that part of them protrude from the inner or outer wall of the main shell 331.

[0034] The outer wall of the main housing 331 has a first flange 336, and the inner wall of the adjusting sleeve 332 has a second flange 337. The two ends of the spring 333 abut against the first flange 336 and the second flange 337, respectively. When the adjusting sleeve 332 slides close to the first flange 336, the spring 333 is compressed and accumulates elastic force; when the adjusting sleeve 332 slides away from the first flange 336, the spring 333 gradually releases the elastic force and gradually extends. The end of the adjusting sleeve 32 near the first flange 336 has a limiting part 338. The diameter of the limiting part 338 is smaller than the diameter of the first flange 336, so that the adjusting sleeve 32 can be locked onto the main housing 331 by the limiting part 338 without detaching from the main housing 331. The spring 333 drives the limiting part 338 of the adjusting sleeve 32 to abut against the first flange 336 by elastic force.

[0035] The end of the adjusting sleeve 332 away from the limiting part 338 is provided with an unlocking ring groove 339. When the adjusting sleeve 332 is driven to slide toward the first flange 336 until the unlocking ring groove 339 corresponds to the position of the movable ring groove 335, the unlocking ring groove 339 can provide movable space for the limiting ball 334, and a part of the limiting ball 334 can extend into the unlocking ring groove 339.

[0036] Please see Figure 7 , Figure 7 The machining head 33 and the end mill 4 are locked. At this time, the second flange 337 of the adjusting sleeve 332 blocks the outer outlet of the movable annular groove 335. The limiting ball 334 can only extend from the inner outlet of the movable annular groove 335 and engage with the groove 41 on the outer side of the end mill 4. Due to the limiting effect of the second flange 337, the limiting ball 334 cannot move and can only firmly hold the groove 41 on the outer side of the end mill 4, thus ensuring stable installation of the end mill 4. When the end mill 4 needs to be replaced, it can be unlocked first (see...). Figure 8 Specifically, a force is applied to the adjusting sleeve 332, causing it to slide towards the first flange 336. The first flange 336 opens the outer outlet of the movable annular groove 335. Simultaneously, the unlocking annular groove 339 of the adjusting sleeve 332 aligns with the outer outlet of the movable annular groove 335. At this point, the adjusting sleeve 332 does not limit the movement of the limiting ball 334, allowing the milling cutter 4 to directly detach from the main housing 331. The milling cutter 4 moves against the limiting ball 334 and extends from the outer outlet of the movable annular groove 335. In actual operation, the position of the milling cutter 4 can be adjusted to directly above the tool position. After unlocking, the milling cutter 4 can fall back to the tool position under its own weight. The unlocking and sliding action of the adjusting sleeve 332 can be manually driven, or an additional component can be installed on the main housing 331 to apply the unlocking and sliding force to the adjusting sleeve 332.

[0037] To better understand this invention, the following is combined with... Figures 1 to 8 The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below: In use, the workpiece to be processed is placed on the fixed plate 21 of the positioning component 2. The drive cylinder 24 is activated, and the piston rod of the drive cylinder 24 extends to push the drive turntable 23 to rotate. Through the cooperation of the cam hole 231 and the connecting part 221, multiple moving blocks 22 move synchronously away from the center of the fixed plate 21, supporting and fixing the workpiece to be processed. According to the processing requirements, the position of the processing head 33 in the X-axis and Z-axis directions is adjusted by the horizontal moving unit 312 and the vertical moving unit 313, and the position of the workpiece in the Y-axis direction is adjusted by the position adjustment component 4, so as to achieve the initial alignment of the processing head 33 with the processing part of the workpiece. When switching between the vertical and horizontal positions of the milling cutter, the angle adjustment motor is activated. This motor drives the second turntable 322 to rotate relative to the first turntable 321, causing the machining head 33 to rotate around the tilting shaft 32. Since the tilting shaft 32 forms a 45° angle with both the vertical and horizontal planes, after the machining head 33 rotates 180°, its central axis switches from vertical to horizontal, or vice versa. This allows for rapid switching between vertical and horizontal positions without disassembling the milling cutter or installing adapters. During machining, if the azimuth angle of the machining head 33 in the horizontal plane needs adjustment, the vertical adjustment motor 3144 is activated. This drives the drive disc 3145 and the transmission belt 3146 to rotate the housing 3141 around a vertical line, allowing the machining head 33 to adjust its angle in the horizontal plane. Combined with the rotation of the X, Y, and Z linear axes and the tilting shaft 32, five-axis linkage machining is achieved, enabling efficient and high-precision machining of complex curved surface parts.

[0038] The specific embodiments of the present invention described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made in accordance with the technical concept of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A non-orthogonal five-axis linkage vertical-horizontal conversion machining center mechanism, characterized in that, include: Organism; A positioning component is disposed on the machine body, the positioning component being used to fix the workpiece to be processed; and The processing assembly includes a horizontal and vertical adjustment mechanism, a tilting shaft, and a processing head. The horizontal and vertical adjustment mechanism is located on the machine body and rotatably connected to the tilting shaft. The tilting shaft is connected to the processing head. The tilting shaft is set at a 45° angle to both the vertical plane and the horizontal plane. When the tilting shaft rotates, it can drive the processing head to rotate, so that the central axis of the processing head can switch between the horizontal and vertical directions.

2. The non-orthogonal five-axis linkage vertical-horizontal conversion machining center mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The horizontal and vertical adjustment mechanism includes a frame, a horizontal moving unit, a vertical moving unit, and an angle adjustment unit. The frame is connected to the machine body. The horizontal moving unit is located on the frame. The vertical moving unit is located on the horizontal moving unit. The angle adjustment unit is located on the vertical moving unit and is rotatably connected to the tilting shaft.

3. The non-orthogonal five-axis linkage vertical-horizontal conversion machining center mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that, The angle adjustment unit includes a container and an angle adjustment motor. The container is located in the vertical moving unit, and the angle adjustment motor is located inside the container and connected to the tilting shaft. The container has a first inclined surface, and the processing head has a second inclined surface. The two ends of the tilting shaft are respectively connected to the first inclined surface and the second inclined surface. The first inclined surface and the second inclined surface are parallel to each other and both are set at a 45° angle to the vertical plane and the horizontal plane.

4. The non-orthogonal five-axis linkage vertical-horizontal conversion machining center mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that, The tilting shaft includes a first turntable and a second turntable. The first turntable is fixedly connected to the first inclined surface on the side opposite to the second turntable, and the second turntable is fixedly connected to the second inclined surface on the side opposite to the first turntable. The first turntable and the second turntable are rotatably connected. The angle adjustment motor is connected to the second turntable and is used to drive the second turntable to rotate the processing head.

5. The non-orthogonal five-axis linkage vertical-horizontal conversion machining center mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that, The angle adjustment unit also includes a vertical adjustment motor, which is located in the vertical moving unit and connected to the container. The vertical adjustment motor is used to drive the container to rotate around a vertical line.

6. The non-orthogonal five-axis linkage vertical-horizontal conversion machining center mechanism according to claim 5, characterized in that, The angle adjustment unit also includes a drive disk and a transmission belt. The drive disk is fixedly connected to the container and rotatably connected to the vertical movement unit. The vertical adjustment motor is connected to the drive disk and is used to drive the drive disk to rotate around a vertical line.

7. The non-orthogonal five-axis linkage vertical-horizontal conversion machining center mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that, The non-orthogonal five-axis linkage vertical-horizontal conversion machining center mechanism also includes a position adjustment component disposed on the machine body. The position adjustment component is connected to the positioning component and is used to drive the positioning component to reciprocate along a first direction, which is perpendicular to the movement directions of the horizontal movement unit and the vertical movement unit.

8. The non-orthogonal five-axis linkage vertical-horizontal conversion machining center mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The positioning component includes a fixed disk and multiple movable blocks. The multiple movable blocks are arranged circumferentially around the fixed disk and are all slidably connected to the fixed disk along the radial direction of the fixed disk. When the multiple movable blocks slide back and forth along the radial direction of the fixed disk, they can hold and fix the workpiece to be processed or unlock the workpiece to be processed.

9. The non-orthogonal five-axis linkage vertical-horizontal conversion machining center mechanism according to claim 8, characterized in that, The positioning component also includes a drive turntable, which is rotatably connected to the fixed plate. The drive turntable has multiple cam holes along its circumference, and the distance between each cam hole and the center of the drive turntable gradually changes. The moving block has a connecting part and is slidably connected to the cam hole through the connecting part.

10. The non-orthogonal five-axis linkage vertical-horizontal conversion machining center mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The positioning component also includes a drive cylinder, the drive end of which is rotatably connected to a protrusion on the side of the drive turntable and can drive the drive turntable to reciprocate.

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