A surface grinding device for machining

Abstract

The application discloses a surface grinding device for machining, which comprises a rack, a cam divider installed on the rack, a plurality of tooth-embedded follow-turn clamps distributed at the edge position of the rotating disc of the cam divider, a work station detection mechanism installed at the top end of the rack, a portal frame, a shaft end pressing mechanism, a tooth-embedded rotary driving mechanism, a servo electric cylinder, a hydraulic avoidance mechanism and a grinding wheel grinder; the portal frame is fixed on one side of the top end of the rack, and the shaft end pressing mechanism is installed in the portal frame and located above the cam divider. The cam divider, the tooth-embedded follow-turn clamp, the shaft end pressing mechanism, the rotary driving mechanism, the servo lifting carrier and the hydraulic avoidance mechanism are cooperated to constitute a grinding scheme, the original dispersed and time-consuming manual operation steps are integrated into a continuous, compact and highly parallel automatic circulation process, and the effective cutting time proportion of the device is improved under the premise of guaranteeing the high-precision grinding requirement of the small-size rotating shaft.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of shaft grinding technology, specifically to a surface grinding device for machining. Background Technology

[0002] The intermediate spindle body of the small-sized spindle is the largest diameter section on the shaft, connecting the keyway ends at the top and bottom. It is the main load-bearing part of the entire shaft. To improve the surface finish of the spindle, the intermediate spindle body needs to be ground. The grinding device consists of a stable bed guideway, a headstock and tailstock centers that provide precise rotational positioning, a rigid spindle that supports the high-speed grinding wheel, a high-pressure cooling and filtration system that maintains thermal stability and removes grinding debris, and an active measuring instrument that monitors dimensional changes in real time. During operation, a double-center method with a chuck is used, utilizing the center hole at the shaft end for precise positioning, and a dial indicator is used to carefully align the spindle's rotation trajectory. To calibrate its parallelism with the feed direction of the grinding wheel, the grinding process is mainly divided into two progressive stages: rough grinding and fine grinding. In the rough grinding stage, the operator sets a large transverse feed rate and a moderate longitudinal traverse speed to quickly remove heat-treated oxide scale and most of the turning allowance. At the same time, it is necessary to closely observe the shape and color of the grinding sparks and adjust the parameters in a timely manner according to the coolant condition to prevent overheating and burning of the shaft surface. After entering the fine grinding stage, the feed rate needs to be reduced and the table traverse speed significantly reduced. The feed is repeatedly measured and compensated with the help of real-time feedback from the measuring instrument or manual precision measuring tools. Finally, the surface micro-irregularities are completely eliminated by a feedless finishing stroke. For example, the grinding device for precision machining of slender shaft parts disclosed in patent announcement number CN215881014U includes a precision grinding main unit, a machining platform plate installed on the lower bottom surface of the precision grinding main unit, fixing rods at the four corners of the lower bottom surface of the chip collection plate, second adsorption plates corresponding to and connected to the first adsorption plate on both the left and right sides of the chip collection plate, a second strainer plate installed on the upper surface of the chip collection plate, and an auxiliary support rod on the left side of the middle of the upper surface of the machining platform plate. It can be seen that the above technical solution can use an automatic hydraulic device to fix and clamp parts of different lengths for grinding, which belongs to... One approach to horizontal grinding is to use a dial indicator to check the radial runout of the shaft before grinding. If the reading is out of tolerance, the workpiece must be disassembled, the center hole cleaned, and the workpiece re-clamped and aligned. The entire process often requires repeated measurements and adjustments until the shaft rotation trajectory is completely parallel to the grinding wheel feed direction. The time spent on this closed-loop correction is particularly prominent in short shaft machining, making the total auxiliary operation time for each workpiece exceed the pure cutting time. The actual grinding time is relatively low, which restricts the overall hourly production capacity in the case of mass production. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a surface grinding apparatus for machining. After the cam divider performs one rotation, the jaw-type rotating fixture carrying the workpiece is transferred to the area directly below the shaft end pressing mechanism. This mechanism then actuates to axially clamp the end of the shaft. Subsequently, the jaw-type rotary drive mechanism engages with the fixture at this station, driving the shaft to rotate continuously around its own axis. In this state, the servo electric cylinder drives the carrier and the grinding wheels fixed on both sides to perform lifting movements, so that the grinding wheels sequentially cover the entire length of the shaft, completing the precision grinding of the middle shaft. After the grinding stroke ends, the hydraulic avoidance mechanism drives the grinding wheel on the corresponding side to retract outward. At the same time, the rotary drive mechanism cuts off the power output and disconnects from the fixture. Immediately afterwards, the cam divider performs another station change, transferring the next fixture carrying the shaft to be processed to the pressing station. All the above actions then enter the next cycle, thereby solving the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a surface grinding device for machining, comprising a frame, a cam divider mounted on the frame, a plurality of jaw-type rotating clamps distributed at the edge of the cam divider turntable, and a station detection mechanism mounted on the top of the frame, and further comprising a gantry, a shaft end pressing mechanism, a jaw-type rotary drive mechanism, a servo electric cylinder, a hydraulic avoidance mechanism, and a grinding wheel grinder; The gantry is fixed to one side of the top of the frame, and the shaft end pressing mechanism is installed in the gantry and located above the cam divider, for applying axial clamping force to the end of the shaft transferred to the grinding station; The toothed rotary drive mechanism is installed on the top wall of the frame and is used to form a fitting connection with the toothed follow-rotation fixture of the corresponding workstation and drive the shaft to rotate. The servo electric cylinder is mounted on the top of the frame and located in the gantry, and the output end of the servo electric cylinder is connected to the carrier. The hydraulic avoidance mechanism is installed on the outer walls of the left and right sides of the carrier, and the grinding wheel is installed on the output end of the hydraulic avoidance mechanism. The hydraulic avoidance mechanism is used to drive the grinding wheel to move closer to or away from the shaft in the horizontal direction. A central control box is installed on one outer wall of the frame. The output end of the central control box is electrically connected to the cam divider, shaft end pressing mechanism, jaw-type rotary drive mechanism, servo electric cylinder, hydraulic avoidance mechanism and grinding wheel.

[0005] Preferably, the toothed rotating clamp includes a hollow shaft fixed at the edge of the cam divider turntable, a cross shaft concentrically and vertically elastically mounted inside the hollow shaft, and a chuck and toothed jaw coupling fixed at both ends of the cross shaft.

[0006] Preferably, a retaining ring is bolted and fixed at the upper position inside the hollow shaft cylinder, and a return spring is fitted on the outer circumference of the cross shaft below the retaining ring.

[0007] Preferably, the shaft end pressing mechanism includes two guide columns vertically fixed to one side of the top of the frame, a suspension platform slidably installed at the upper position of the two guide columns, and a bearing shaft rotatably installed on one side of the bottom of the suspension platform via a bearing seat. The shaft end pressing mechanism also includes a hydraulic cylinder installed on the top wall of the frame. The upper end of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the lower end of the suspension platform. One of the jaw clamps rotates into position after being rotated by a cam divider and remains concentric with the bearing shaft.

[0008] Preferably, the station detection mechanism includes an I-beam grooved cylinder mounted on the output shaft of the cam divider, an L-shaped mounting bracket fixed to one side of the top of the frame, and two slotted photoelectric switches mounted on the outer wall of one side of the L-shaped mounting bracket.

[0009] Preferably, the toothed rotary drive mechanism includes a column hanger fixed to the top wall of the frame, a motor base vertically slidably installed inside the column hanger, and a thin cylinder installed on one side of the bottom of the column hanger. The upper end of the piston rod of the thin cylinder is fixedly connected to the lower end of the motor base. A servo motor is installed at the center of the bottom end of the motor base. The upper end of the output shaft of the servo motor passes through the frame and is fixed with a toothed coupling two. The motor base and the servo motor are driven to slide vertically by the thin cylinder, realizing the engagement and disengagement of the toothed coupling two with the corresponding toothed coupling one.

[0010] Preferably, the bottom of the carrier is provided with a through hole, through which the carrier slides in contact with the outermost guide post.

[0011] Preferably, the hydraulic avoidance mechanism includes two hydraulic cylinders hinged to one side of the outer wall of the carrier, a side shaft rotatably mounted on one side of the outer wall of the carrier in a vertical direction, and connecting rods fixed at both ends of the side shaft. The ends of the connecting rods are hinged to the piston rod ends of the hydraulic cylinders.

[0012] Preferably, a machine table is fixed to the surface of the side shaft, and the grinding wheel is mounted on the outer wall of one side of the side shaft.

[0013] Preferably, the servo electric cylinder is made of aluminum alloy, and the outer wall of the carrier away from the two hydraulic avoidance mechanisms slides vertically with the gantry via a track and a slider.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the surface grinding device for machining forms an automated grinding scheme through the coordinated operation of a cam divider, a toothed follow-rotation fixture, a shaft end pressing mechanism, a rotary drive mechanism, a servo lifting frame and a hydraulic avoidance mechanism, which integrates the originally scattered and time-consuming manual operation steps into a continuous, compact and highly parallel automated cycle process, and improves the effective cutting time ratio of the device while ensuring the high precision grinding requirements of small-sized rotating shafts; The cam divider is used to expand multiple toothed and rotating fixture stations in space, so that the three actions of clamping the workpiece to be processed, grinding the current workpiece, and unloading the finished part can be carried out simultaneously at different stations. When a certain shaft is being ground, other stations have completed the pre-clamping of the new workpiece. The ground workpiece is automatically moved out of the processing area as the divider rotates. The auxiliary time of a single workpiece is greatly reduced, and the entire grinding cycle is no longer subject to the speed limit of manual operation. Secondly, due to the short length and small diameter of small-sized short shafts, the clamping force under the traditional double-center clamping method is extremely dependent on the operator's experience and feel. Too tight a clamping force can easily cause the shaft to bend under pressure, while too loose a clamping force can easily cause axial movement during grinding. This solution adopts a design that separates the end axial clamping and the jaw clutch-type engagement drive. The shaft end pressing mechanism applies a stable and controllable axial force to ensure that the workpiece will not be displaced. The jaw clutch-type rotary drive mechanism transmits uniform and sufficient torque through rigid mechanical engagement, eliminating the possibility of rotational slippage. This ensures that the stress state and working posture of each workpiece are highly consistent during grinding. At the same time, the grinding wheels on both sides can balance the radial grinding force during grinding, reducing the tendency of the short shaft to bend slightly due to unilateral force, and further improving the surface finish of the shaft. Finally, the servo electric cylinder drives the carrier and grinding wheel to perform lifting and lowering movements, replacing the traditional method of the worktable driving the workpiece longitudinally. Due to the short length of the small-sized spindle and the small grinding stroke, this method of converting the grinding motion into the lifting and lowering of the grinding wheel itself while the workpiece only rotates greatly simplifies the geometric interference relationship in the grinding process. Moreover, the hydraulic avoidance mechanism quickly retracts the grinding wheel after grinding to ensure that a sufficient safety gap is formed between the grinding wheel and the spindle before performing the power cut-off and station switching actions. This effectively prevents the grinding wheel from scratching the processed high-gloss surface and also avoids the grinding wheel from cracking and breaking due to accidental collision. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 3 This is a side view of the structure of the present invention; Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Sectional view at point AA; Figure 5 yes Figure 3 A three-dimensional structural cross-sectional view of point AA; Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the shaft end pressing mechanism of the present invention; Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 5 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention. Figure 3 ; Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the workstation inspection mechanism of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the tooth clamp rotary drive mechanism of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the hydraulic obstacle avoidance mechanism and the grinding wheel machine in the assembled state according to the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 12 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the hydraulic obstacle avoidance mechanism and the grinding wheel machine in the assembled state according to the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the carrier frame of the present invention.

[0016] The markings in the diagram are as follows: 1. Frame; 2. Cam divider; 3. Jaw-type rotating clamp; 31. Hollow shaft cylinder; 32. Cross shaft; 33. Retaining ring; 34. Chuck; 35. Return spring; 36. Jaw coupling one; 4. Station detection mechanism; 41. L-shaped mounting bracket; 42. I-beam grooved cylinder; 43. Slotted photoelectric switch; 5. Central control box; 6. Shaft end pressing mechanism; 61. Guide column; 62. Suspension platform 63. Abutment shaft; 64. Hydraulic cylinder one; 7. Jaw-type rotary drive mechanism; 71. Column hanger; 72. Motor base; 73. Thin cylinder; 74. Servo motor; 75. Jaw-type coupling two; 8. Gantry; 9. Servo electric cylinder; 901. Carrier frame; 10. Hydraulic avoidance mechanism; 1001. Side shaft; 1002. Hydraulic cylinder two; 1003. Connecting rod; 1004. Machine base; 11. Grinding wheel grinder. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] Example 1, by Figures 1 to 5The present invention includes a frame 1, a cam divider 2 mounted on the frame 1, a plurality of jaw-type rotating clamps 3 distributed at the edge of the turntable of the cam divider 2, and a station detection mechanism 4 mounted on the top of the frame 1. It also includes a gantry 8, a shaft end pressing mechanism 6, a jaw-type rotary drive mechanism 7, a servo electric cylinder 9, a hydraulic avoidance mechanism 10, and a grinding wheel grinder 11. The gantry 8 is fixed to one side of the top of the frame 1. The shaft end pressing mechanism 6 is installed in the gantry 8 and located above the cam divider 2. It is used to apply axial clamping force to the end of the shaft transferred to the grinding station. The toothed rotary drive mechanism 7 is installed on the top wall of the frame 1 and is used to form a fitting connection with the toothed follow-rotation fixture 3 of the corresponding workstation and drive the shaft to rotate. The servo electric cylinder 9 is mounted on the top of the frame 1 and located in the gantry 8. The output end of the servo electric cylinder 9 is connected to the carrier 901. The hydraulic avoidance mechanism 10 is installed on the left and right outer walls of the carrier 901, and the grinding wheel 11 is installed on the output end of the hydraulic avoidance mechanism 10. The hydraulic avoidance mechanism 10 is used to drive the grinding wheel 11 to approach or move away from the shaft in the horizontal direction. A central control box 5 is installed on one outer wall of the frame 1. The output end of the central control box 5 is electrically connected to the cam divider 2, the shaft end pressing mechanism 6, the jaw-type rotary drive mechanism 7, the servo electric cylinder 9, the hydraulic avoidance mechanism 10, and the grinding wheel 11. The central control box 5 is equipped with a programmable logic controller, servo driver, hydraulic valve group control module and human-machine interaction touch screen. The external panel is equipped with a start button, a stop button and an emergency stop switch. After the operator sets the lifting speed, stroke end point and other process parameters on the touch screen, the controller inside the central control box 5 sends action commands to the cam divider 2, servo electric cylinder 9, hydraulic avoidance mechanism 10, jaw clutch rotary drive mechanism 7 and grinding wheel 11 in sequence according to the pre-written sequential logic program. The cam divider 2 enables precise intermittent indexing of multiple stations in the circumferential direction, sequentially feeding each toothed and rotating clamp 3 of the loaded shaft into the grinding position, with minimal angular error and repeatability for each rotation; The station detection mechanism 4 includes an I-beam grooved cylinder 42 mounted on the output shaft of the cam divider 2, an L-shaped mounting bracket 41 fixed on one side of the top of the frame 1, and two slotted photoelectric switches 43 mounted on the outer wall of one side of the L-shaped mounting bracket 41. Each time the cam divider 2 works, the I-beam grooved cylinder 42 rotates with the output shaft of the cam divider 2. The slotted photoelectric switches 43 detect the slot position of the I-beam grooved cylinder 42. Each slot position represents the end point of a station. The slotted photoelectric switches 43 send the detection signal to the central control box 5 in real time. The central control box 5 decides whether to allow subsequent shaft end pressing and rotation drive actions to be executed based on this signal.

[0019] Example 2, based on Example 1, is... Figure 6 and Figure 7 The toothed clutch 3 includes a hollow shaft cylinder 31 fixed at the edge of the turntable of the cam divider 2, a cross shaft 32 that is concentric and vertically elastically mounted inside the hollow shaft cylinder 31, and a chuck 34 and a toothed jaw coupling 36 fixed at both ends of the cross shaft 32. A retaining ring 33 is bolted and fixed at the upper position inside the hollow shaft cylinder 31, and a return spring 35 is fitted on the outer circumference of the cross shaft 32 below the retaining ring 33. The operator loads the shaft to be ground into the clamping part of the chuck 34 and locks it in a non-machining station. When the toothed rotating jig 3 at the station rotates to the grinding position, the toothed rotary drive mechanism 7 moves toward the jig. The toothed end face of the toothed rotary drive mechanism 7 meshes with the toothed jaw coupling 36 at the lower end of the cross shaft 32, thereby transmitting the driving torque to the cross shaft 32 and the chuck 34. This achieves reliable clamping and rotational power transmission of the shaft and enables rapid engagement and disengagement with the toothed rotary drive mechanism 7. When the output end of the toothed rotary drive mechanism 7 is turned upward and engaged with the toothed coupling 36, the toothed coupling 36 will drive the cross shaft 32 and the chuck 34 to rise a certain distance. At this time, the return spring 35 below the retaining ring 33 is in a compressed state until the toothed coupling 36 is fully engaged with the toothed rotary drive mechanism 7. Then the return spring 35 will return to its shape or remain in a compressed state, thereby avoiding damage to the shaft components caused by rigid contact. The shaft end pressing mechanism 6 ensures that the shaft will not move axially due to the tangential force of the grinding wheel during the grinding process, thereby ensuring the consistency of the grinding dimensions of the entire shaft body. The shaft end pressing mechanism 6 includes two guide columns 61 vertically fixed on one side of the top of the frame 1, a suspension platform 62 slidably installed on the upper position of the two guide columns 61, and a retaining shaft 63 rotatably installed on one side of the bottom end of the suspension platform 62 through a bearing seat. The shaft end pressing mechanism 6 also includes a hydraulic cylinder 64 installed on the top wall of the frame 1. The upper end of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 64 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the suspension platform 62. One of the jaw clamps and rotating clamps 3 is concentric with the retaining shaft 63 after being rotated into position by the cam divider 2. When the cam divider 2 rotates a certain toothed and rotating fixture 3 to a position below the shaft end pressing mechanism 6, the central control box 5 issues a command to move the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 64 downward, pulling the suspension platform 62 and the abutment shaft 63 downward along the guide column 61 until the abutment shaft 63 contacts the end of the shaft and applies a set axial pressure. This pressure remains constant throughout the grinding process. After the grinding is completed, the hydraulic cylinder 64 reverses its action, and the abutment shaft 63 disengages from the shaft.

[0020] Example 3, based on Example 2, by Figure 8 , Figure 9and Figure 10 The toothed rotary drive mechanism 7 includes a column hanger 71 fixed on the top wall of the frame 1, a motor base 72 vertically slidably installed inside the column hanger 71, and a thin cylinder 73 installed on one side of the bottom of the column hanger 71. The upper end of the piston rod of the thin cylinder 73 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the motor base 72. A servo motor 74 is installed at the center of the bottom end of the motor base 72. The upper end of the output shaft of the servo motor 74 passes through the frame 1 and is fixed with a toothed coupling 2 75. The motor base 72 and the servo motor 74 are driven to slide vertically by the thin cylinder 73 to realize the engagement and disengagement of the toothed coupling 2 75 and the corresponding toothed coupling 1 36. After the shaft end pressing mechanism 6 completes the clamping, the central control box 5 issues a command to make the thin cylinder 73 push the motor base 72 and the servo motor 74 to move towards the clamp. The toothed coupling 75 on the output shaft end face of the servo motor 74 gradually engages with the toothed coupling 36 at the lower end of the cross shaft 32. After it is in place, the servo motor 74 drives the output shaft to rotate and transmits torque to the cross shaft 32. The clamp and shaft then begin to rotate. The toothed connection method can achieve fast and accurate mechanical engagement with the clamp, ensuring that the torque transmission is slip-free.

[0021] Example 4, based on Example 3, by Figure 11 , Figure 12 and Figure 13 It is provided that the bottom of the carrier 901 is provided with a through hole, and the carrier 901 slides with the outermost guide post 61 through the through hole to ensure the lifting stability of the carrier 901, the hydraulic avoidance mechanism 10, and the grinding wheel 11. The servo electric cylinder 9 achieves high-precision position control and speed adjustment of the lifting and lowering motion of the carrier 901, hydraulic avoidance mechanism 10, and grinding wheel 11. It can flexibly adjust the feed parameters according to the different stages of rough grinding and fine grinding. Its internal position feedback encoder sends the actual position signal of the push rod back to the central control box 5 in real time to form a closed-loop control, ensuring that the end position of the stroke of the carrier is accurate each time it is lifted and lowered. The hydraulic avoidance mechanism 10 includes two hydraulic cylinders 1002 hinged to one side of the outer wall of the carrier 901, a side shaft 1001 rotatably mounted on one side of the outer wall of the carrier 901 in the vertical direction, and a connecting rod 1003 fixed at both ends of the side shaft 1001. The end of the connecting rod 1003 is hinged to the end of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 1002. A machine table 1004 is fixed on the surface of the side shaft 1001, and a grinding wheel 11 is mounted on one side of the outer wall of the side shaft 1001. The servo electric cylinder 9 is made of aluminum alloy. The outer wall of the carrier 901 away from the two hydraulic avoidance mechanisms 10 slides in the vertical direction with the gantry 8 through the rail and slider. When the carrier 901 completes its lifting stroke and the servo cylinder 9 stops, the hydraulic avoidance mechanism 10 controls the hydraulic directional valve to switch, and high-pressure oil enters the cylinder and retracts the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 1002. The hydraulic cylinder 1002 then drives the side shaft 1001 to rotate through the connecting rod 1003. The side shaft 1001 drives the machine base 1004 and the grinding wheel 11 to move away from the shaft to avoid unnecessary scraping during station changes or power cut-off. At the same time, the hydraulic avoidance mechanism 10 can also make the grinding wheel 11 contact the shaft and maintain pressure contact.

[0022] In this embodiment, multiple small-sized rotating shafts to be processed are sequentially loaded into the jaw-type follow-rotation fixtures 3 distributed at various stations of the cam divider 2. During loading, it must be ensured that each shaft is accurately positioned and firmly clamped within the fixture. After confirming that all stations are functioning correctly, the operator sets the relevant process parameters required for this grinding operation on the central control box 5, including the lifting speed range and stroke endpoint position of the servo electric cylinder 9. A start command is issued via the operation button on the central control box 5, initiating the first rotation of the cam divider 2. This transfers one of the jaw-type follow-rotation fixtures 3 containing the shaft to directly below the shaft end pressing mechanism 6. The station detection mechanism 4 confirms that the station is in place. Subsequently, the shaft end pressing mechanism 6 moves downward, axially pressing one end of the shaft within the fixture. This pressing action causes the shaft to rotate further... During the rotation and grinding process, the axial position remains stable and no axial movement occurs. At the same time, the jaw-type rotary drive mechanism 7 moves to the work station, and its jaw end face is mechanically engaged with the corresponding end face of the jaw-type rotary fixture 3. After the engagement is completed, the jaw-type rotary drive mechanism 7 starts to output rotational power, driving the fixture and the internal shaft to rotate continuously around its own axis. After the shaft is in the rotating state, the servo cylinder 9 is started, driving the carrier 901 and the grinding wheel 11 installed on the left and right sides of the carrier 901 to move up and down in the vertical direction. Since the grinding wheel 11 is installed on both sides of the carrier 901, the grinding wheels on both sides will contact the surface of the rotating shaft at the same time, realizing double-sided synchronous grinding. As the carrier rises and falls, the grinding wheel moves along the axial direction of the shaft, thereby covering the entire middle shaft area of ​​the shaft. After the lifting stroke of the carrier 901 is completed, the hydraulic avoidance mechanisms 10 on the left and right sides are activated respectively, driving the corresponding grinding wheel 11 to retract radially outward, so that the grinding wheel is disengaged from the surface of the shaft. Then, the jaw-type rotary drive mechanism 7 cuts off the power output and releases the engagement connection with the jaw-type rotating clamp 3. The shaft end pressing mechanism 6 also retracts upward, releasing the axial clamping on the end of the shaft. At this point, the grinding cycle of a single station is completed. Afterward, the cam divider 2 performs another indexing rotation action, moving the station out of the processing area. At the same time, the next clamp with the shaft is transferred to the shaft end pressing mechanism 6. The ground shaft is rotated to other stations with the clamp, and then removed by the operator and placed in the finished product area. At the same time, a new shaft to be processed is loaded into the idle station to prepare for the subsequent cycle.

[0023] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0024] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A surface grinding apparatus for machining, comprising a frame (1), a cam divider (2) mounted on the frame (1), a plurality of toothed and rotating clamps (3) distributed at the edge of the turntable of the cam divider (2), and a station detection mechanism (4) mounted on the top of the frame (1), characterized in that, It also includes a gantry (8), a shaft end pressing mechanism (6), a jaw-type rotary drive mechanism (7), a servo electric cylinder (9), a hydraulic avoidance mechanism (10), and a grinding wheel (11). The gantry (8) is fixed on one side of the top of the frame (1), and the shaft end pressing mechanism (6) is installed in the gantry (8) and located above the cam divider (2) to apply axial clamping force to the end of the shaft transferred to the grinding station. The toothed rotary drive mechanism (7) is installed on the top wall of the frame (1) and is used to form a fitting connection with the toothed rotating fixture (3) of the corresponding work station and drive the shaft to rotate. The servo electric cylinder (9) is installed at the top of the frame (1) and located in the gantry (8). The output end of the servo electric cylinder (9) is connected to the carrier (901). The hydraulic avoidance mechanism (10) is installed on the outer walls of the left and right sides of the carrier (901), and the grinding wheel (11) is installed on the output end of the hydraulic avoidance mechanism (10). The hydraulic avoidance mechanism (10) is used to drive the grinding wheel (11) to approach or move away from the shaft in the horizontal direction. A central control box (5) is installed on one side of the outer wall of the frame (1). The output end of the central control box (5) is electrically connected to the cam divider (2), the shaft end pressing mechanism (6), the toothed rotary drive mechanism (7), the servo electric cylinder (9), the hydraulic avoidance mechanism (10), and the grinding wheel (11).

2. The surface grinding apparatus for machining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The toothed clutch (3) includes a hollow shaft (31) fixed at the edge of the turntable of the cam divider (2), a cross shaft (32) that is concentric and vertically elastically installed inside the hollow shaft (31), and a chuck (34) and a toothed coupling (36) fixed at both ends of the cross shaft (32).

3. The surface grinding apparatus for machining according to claim 2, characterized in that: A retaining ring (33) is bolted to the upper part of the hollow shaft cylinder (31), and a return spring (35) is fitted on the outer circumference of the cross shaft (32) below the retaining ring (33).

4. The surface grinding apparatus for machining according to claim 2, characterized in that: The shaft end pressing mechanism (6) includes two guide columns (61) vertically fixed on one side of the top of the frame (1), a suspension platform (62) slidably installed on the upper position of the two guide columns (61), and a bearing shaft (63) rotatably installed on one side of the bottom of the suspension platform (62) via a bearing seat. The shaft end pressing mechanism (6) also includes a hydraulic cylinder (64) installed on the top wall of the frame (1). The upper end of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder (64) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the suspension platform (62). One of the toothed clutches (3) rotates to the position after being rotated by the cam divider (2) and remains concentric with the bearing shaft (63).

5. The surface grinding apparatus for machining according to claim 4, characterized in that: The station detection mechanism (4) includes an I-beam grooved cylinder (42) installed on the output shaft of the cam divider (2), an L-shaped mounting bracket (41) fixed on one side of the top of the frame (1), and two slotted photoelectric switches (43) installed on the outer wall of one side of the L-shaped mounting bracket (41).

6. The surface grinding apparatus for machining according to claim 2, characterized in that: The toothed rotary drive mechanism (7) includes a column hanger (71) fixed on the top wall of the frame (1), a motor base (72) vertically slidably installed inside the column hanger (71), and a thin cylinder (73) installed on one side of the bottom of the column hanger (71). The upper end of the piston rod of the thin cylinder (73) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the motor base (72). A servo motor (74) is installed at the center of the bottom end of the motor base (72). The upper end of the output shaft of the servo motor (74) passes through the frame (1) and is fixed with a toothed coupling two (75). The motor base (72) and the servo motor (74) are driven to slide in the vertical direction by the thin cylinder (73) to realize the engagement and disengagement of the toothed coupling two (75) and the corresponding toothed coupling one (36).

7. The surface grinding apparatus for machining according to claim 4, characterized in that: The bottom of the carrier (901) is provided with a through hole, and the carrier (901) slides with the outermost guide post (61) through the through hole.

8. A surface grinding apparatus for machining according to claim 7, characterized in that: The hydraulic avoidance mechanism (10) includes two hydraulic cylinders (1002) hinged on one side of the outer wall of the carrier (901), a side shaft (1001) rotatably mounted on one side of the outer wall of the carrier (901) in the vertical direction, and a connecting rod (1003) fixed at both ends of the side shaft (1001). The end of the connecting rod (1003) is hinged to the end of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder (1002).

9. A surface grinding apparatus for machining according to claim 8, characterized in that: The surface of the side shaft (1001) is fixed with a machine table (1004), and the grinding wheel (11) is installed on the outer wall of one side of the side shaft (1001).

10. A surface grinding apparatus for machining according to claim 8, characterized in that: The servo electric cylinder (9) is made of aluminum alloy. The outer wall of the carrier (901) away from the two hydraulic avoidance mechanisms (10) slides in the vertical direction with the gantry (8) through the track and slider.

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