Semi-open wet dust removal device

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of semi-open wet dust removal equipment, it is related to industrial dust removal technical field.The equipment confirms the whole basis back suction state by being set in the main air path airflow detection piece of semi-open operation port downstream airflow collection area, and when basis back suction state is effective, the operation port back suction confirmation component set in the periphery of semi-open operation port determines the local back suction state of different positions, to distinguish overall suction deficiency and local capture weakening;After forming effective operation permission back suction condition, whether the spray liquid actually reaches the distal end of spray pipeline is confirmed by the confirmation component through the spray end, and operation permission is output when end arrival confirmation is effective, to improve the reliability of semi-open wet dust removal equipment operating state confirmation and operation permission control.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of industrial dust removal technology, and more specifically, to a semi-open wet dust removal device. Background Technology

[0002] Industrial operations such as grinding, polishing, finishing, and cutting are typically carried out in semi-open workstations, generating metallic dust, non-metallic dust, mixed dust, and fine debris. To reduce dust emissions into the work environment, existing equipment usually employs a combination of negative pressure suction, wet spraying, filter interception, and circulating liquid return to collect, humidify, and purify the dust-laden airflow.

[0003] In the prior art, CN217122857U discloses a wet polishing table. This prior art solution includes a body, a polishing platform, an air extraction device, and a spraying mechanism. The body has a cavity structure inside, and the side wall of the body is provided with a window communicating with the cavity structure. The polishing platform is set on the body and corresponds to the window. The air extraction device is connected to the cavity structure to create a negative pressure environment inside the cavity structure. The spraying mechanism includes a first nozzle and a second nozzle set in the cavity structure, and the spray liquid can be recycled through a water tank, a circulating water pump, and a filtration structure.

[0004] These types of wet polishing tables typically include a housing or body, a work surface or work port, an exhaust system, a spraying mechanism, a water tank, a circulating water pump, and a filter or sieve structure. During operation, the exhaust system creates negative pressure inside the machine, causing dust-laden airflow to enter the equipment from the work area; the spraying mechanism sprays the spray liquid into the dust-laden airflow channel, causing dust, fibers, or sparks to come into contact with and be captured by the liquid droplets; the sprayed liquid flows back to the water tank through the drainage path and is then treated by the sieve structure before being recycled.

[0005] However, in semi-open work scenarios where workpiece dimensions vary significantly, operators frequently obstruct the semi-open work opening with their hands or tools, there are blockages or insufficient liquid supply at the end of the spray pipe, and the humidification in the grid area is unstable, it is difficult to reflect whether there is local dust leakage at different locations of the semi-open work opening based solely on whether the fan is running or the overall suction status of the main airflow. Furthermore, directly using single local airflow parameters at the boundary of the semi-open work opening to judge the overall backflow status is easily affected by local airflow disturbances caused by workpiece movement, operator operation, and tool posture changes. In addition, existing wet grinding tables also struggle to confirm whether the spray liquid actually reaches the far end of the spray pipe and whether effective backflow is formed at the inclined guide grid.

[0006] Therefore, it is still necessary to provide a semi-open wet dust removal device that can separately confirm the basic back suction status of the main air duct and the local back suction status of the semi-open working port, and distinguish between insufficient overall suction and weakened local capture based on the correspondence between the two. At the same time, it can confirm the arrival status of the spray end and further confirm the humidification return status of the grid, thereby coordinating work permits, spray protection, fan capture, and maintenance reminders. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To overcome the aforementioned deficiencies of the prior art, embodiments of the present invention provide a semi-open wet dust removal device. The device confirms the basic back-suction state of the dust-laden airflow collection area through a main airflow detection component, confirms the local back-suction state at different locations of the semi-open working port through a working port back-suction confirmation component, and confirms the arrival state of the spray end. When a back-liquid detection component is installed, the back-liquid state of the grid humidification is further confirmed. An embedded control unit coordinates the work permit, spray protection, and fan collection output based on the above confirmation results to reduce the impact of local airflow disturbances on the overall back-suction state judgment.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0009] A semi-open wet dust collection device includes a dust collection chamber, a semi-open working port, a circulating spray mechanism, a filter assembly, a fan assembly, a main airflow detection component, a working port back-suction confirmation component, a spray end arrival confirmation component, an embedded control unit, and a work permit interlock output terminal. The semi-open working port is connected to a dust-laden airflow channel inside the dust collection chamber. The filter assembly and fan assembly are disposed in the dust-laden airflow channel. The main airflow detection component is disposed in the airflow gathering area downstream of the semi-open working port. The working port back-suction confirmation component has multiple back-suction confirmation positions around the semi-open working port. The spray end arrival confirmation component... The component detects the arrival status of the spray liquid through the confirmation branch at the far end of the spray pipeline; the embedded control unit determines the main airway foundation back suction status based on the main airway airflow detection component, and when the main airway foundation back suction status is valid, determines the local back suction status based on the work port back suction confirmation component, and determines the work permit back suction conditions based on the main airway foundation back suction status and the local back suction status; after the work permit back suction conditions are valid, the spray end arrival confirmation result is determined based on the spray end arrival confirmation component, and when the spray end arrival confirmation result is valid, the work permit is output through the work permit interlock output terminal.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the backflow confirmation component includes a backflow confirmation hole group, a fine pressure tapping tube, a micro-differential pressure detection element, and a pressure tapping moisture-proof and anti-clogging structure; the plurality of backflow confirmation positions are formed by the backflow confirmation hole group, the fine pressure tapping tube connects the backflow confirmation hole group and the micro-differential pressure detection element, and the pressure tapping moisture-proof and anti-clogging structure is disposed between the fine pressure tapping tube and the micro-differential pressure detection element.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the system further includes a work support platform and an inclined flow guide grille; the work support platform is disposed in the work area corresponding to the semi-open work port, and the inclined flow guide grille is disposed between the work support platform and the filter assembly; the back-suction confirmation hole group includes an upper edge back-suction confirmation hole disposed on the inner side of the upper edge of the semi-open work port, a side back-suction confirmation hole disposed on the inner side of the left and right sides of the semi-open work port, and an upstream back-suction confirmation hole disposed between the rear edge of the work support platform and the windward side of the inclined flow guide grille.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the back-suction confirmation hole group is formed on the fixed wall panel of the dust collector, the fixed frame of the semi-open working port, or the fixed frame of the inclined guide grille; the back-suction confirmation hole group is spaced apart from the direct spray area of ​​the circulating spray mechanism and the leeward side area of ​​the filter assembly.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, the system further includes a lower water tank, and the spray terminal arrival confirmation component further includes a reflux confirmation chamber and a reflux arrival detection element; the circulating spray mechanism includes a circulating pump, a spray pipeline, and an atomizing nozzle, the circulating pump being connected to the lower water tank; the confirmation branch being connected to the reflux confirmation chamber, and the reflux arrival detection element being used to detect the spray liquid entering the reflux confirmation chamber through the confirmation branch, the reflux confirmation chamber being connected to the lower water tank.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, a flow-limiting orifice or a miniature flow-limiting valve is provided in the confirmation branch; when the circulating spray mechanism is running, the spray liquid enters the atomizing nozzle through the spray pipeline and enters the return confirmation chamber through the confirmation branch.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, the device further includes an inclined flow guide grille, a return liquid guide channel, and a return liquid detection element; the atomizing nozzle is disposed above the inclined flow guide grille and located on the air inlet side of the filter assembly, the return liquid guide channel is disposed at the lower edge of the inclined flow guide grille, and the return liquid detection element is disposed at the outlet of the return liquid guide channel.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment, the spray pipe is installed in the dust collector housing via elastic pipe clamps, limit buckles, hose shock absorbers, threaded anti-loosening components, or nozzle positioning seats. The low end of the spray pipe is provided with a low-level return port, a pressure relief return channel, or a check valve structure. The filter assembly is installed in the dust collector housing via a filter installation sealing structure, which is located between the filter assembly and the dust collector housing.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment, the system further includes a detection and safety component; the detection and safety component is connected to the embedded control unit, and includes a liquid level detector, a spray pressure detector, a spray flow detector, a filter differential pressure detector, a fan current acquisition terminal, a pump current acquisition terminal, a maintenance door detector, an emergency stop input terminal, and a power supply voltage sampling terminal; the detection and safety component also includes at least one of an external operating status input terminal, a temperature detector, a spark detector, and a grounding continuity detection structure.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment, the embedded control unit includes a data acquisition interface, a boundary generation module, a unified boundary package module, a low-level state machine module, an output driver module, and a log recording module. The data acquisition interface receives detection signals from the main airflow detection device, the inlet backflow confirmation component, the sprinkler terminal arrival confirmation component, and the detection and safety component. The boundary generation module generates integrated analysis points for inlet backflow trapping and sprinkler terminal arrival and humidification support based on the detection signals. The unified boundary package module generates integrated analysis points for inlet backflow trapping based on the inlet backflow trapping. A unified boundary package is generated based on the arrival of the spray terminal and the comprehensive analysis point of the humidification support. The bottom-level state machine module enters the corresponding state among the following states according to the unified boundary package: standby state, fan micro-pulse pressure building state, water circuit micro-pulse arrival state, work permit state, normal collection state, enhanced collection state, load reduction maintenance state, water circuit protection state, maintenance lockout state, emergency stop protection state, combustible dust protection state, and delayed exhaust state. The output drive module controls the fan assembly, the circulating spray mechanism, and the work permit interlock output terminal according to the state entered by the bottom-level state machine module.

[0019] The technical effects and advantages of the semi-open wet dust removal equipment of the present invention are as follows:

[0020] This invention directly confirms the overall suction capacity of the equipment by setting up a main airflow detection device in the main airflow area after the dust-laden airflow converges. It also confirms the local back-suction status at different locations by setting up a back-suction confirmation component around the semi-open working port, thus providing separate detection criteria for the overall basic back-suction status and the local trapping status. When the basic back-suction of the main airflow is effective but the local back-suction changes, it can be further confirmed as a weakening of local trapping, reducing misjudgments of the overall back-suction status caused by workpiece movement, changes in operating posture, or local airflow disturbances.

[0021] This invention confirms whether the spray liquid has reached the far end of the spray pipeline by setting an end confirmation branch at the far end of the spray pipeline, and cooperating with a return confirmation chamber and a return arrival detection device; at the same time, it confirms whether effective humidified return liquid has been formed at the inclined guide grid by using a return liquid guide channel and a return liquid detection device, thereby avoiding the need to judge the spraying effectiveness solely by the start of the circulating pump or the pressure at the front end of the spray pipeline, and improving the reliability of the wet dust removal process.

[0022] This invention comprehensively processes signals from the main air duct foundation back suction status, the local back suction confirmation result at the work port, the spray end arrival confirmation result, the grid humidification return liquid result, and the detection and safety components through an embedded control unit. It also coordinates the fan assembly, the circulating spray mechanism, and the work permit interlock output terminal, enabling the equipment to perform work permits, enhanced collection, water circuit protection, maintenance lockout, emergency stop protection, combustible dust protection, and delayed exhaust according to the actual operating status. This is beneficial to improving the operational safety, status confirmation stability, and maintenance convenience of dust removal equipment in semi-open working positions. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a semi-open wet dust removal device according to the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the internal airflow channel, filter assembly, and fan installation relationship of the dust removal equipment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a partial schematic diagram of the spray terminal arrival confirmation and return liquid detection structure of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the dual comprehensive analysis points and unified boundary package logic of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the underlying state machine and exception preemption of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 6 This is a timing diagram for the startup confirmation, operation permission, and exception fallback of this invention.

[0029] 100. Dust collector housing; 110. Semi-open operating port; 120. Operating platform; 130. Inclined guide grille; 140. Return liquid guide channel; 150. Upper air collection chamber; 160. Air outlet; 170. Inspection door; 180. Lighting components; 200. Lower water tank; 210. Filter frame and sedimentation sludge collection structure; 300. Circulating spray mechanism; 310. Circulating pump; 320. Spray pipeline; 330. Atomizing nozzle; 400. Filter screen assembly; 410. Filter screen installation. Sealing structure; 420, Fan assembly; 430, Main airflow detection element; 500, Backflow confirmation assembly at the work port; 510, Backflow confirmation hole group; 520, Fine pressure tapping pipe; 530, Micro-pressure differential detection element; 540, Pressure tapping moisture-proof and anti-clogging structure; 600, Spray terminal arrival confirmation assembly; 610, Terminal confirmation branch; 620, Backflow confirmation chamber and backflow arrival detection element; 630, Liquid return detection element; 700, Detection and safety assembly; 800, Embedded control unit. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0031] Example 1, as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides the basic mechanical architecture of a semi-open wet dust collection device. This device is suitable for workstations where dust is generated during grinding, polishing, finishing, or cutting and cleaning of metal, wooden, plastic, and composite materials.

[0032] The semi-open workstation multi-functional wet dust removal equipment includes a dust collection box 100, a semi-open working port 110, a working platform 120, an inclined guide grille 130, an upper air collection chamber 150, an air outlet 160, a fan assembly 420, a main airflow detection device 430, a lower water tank 200, a circulating spray mechanism 300, a filter assembly 400, an inspection door 170, lighting components 180, and an embedded control unit 800.

[0033] A semi-open working port 110 is located at the front of the dust collector 100, used by the operator to place workpieces and perform grinding operations. A working platform 120 is located in front of, inside of, or below the semi-open working port 110, and can be a grid plate, perforated plate, detachable support plate, or a support structure with equivalent load-bearing and material discharge functions. The perforations of the working platform 120 allow grinding dust and debris to enter the dust collector 100 under the influence of airflow and gravity. A sliding chip collection box, a side chip discharge port, or a pull-out receiving groove can be installed below the working platform 120. A cleaning gap is maintained between the working platform 120 and the inclined guide grid 130 to reduce the obstruction of the airflow channel below by large grinding debris. The sliding chip collection box or pull-out receiving groove can be installed at the bottom of the dust collector 100 via a pull-out guide rail, with the pull-out direction facing the inspection door 170, facilitating regular cleaning by maintenance personnel.

[0034] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the inclined guide grille 130 is located behind or below the working platform 120 to change the direction of the dust-laden airflow and to receive the spray liquid and the dust captured by the spray liquid. A return liquid guide channel 140 is provided at the lower edge of the inclined guide grille 130. The return liquid guide channel 140 is connected to the lower water tank 200 or a filter structure, allowing the spray liquid to flow back into the lower water tank 200 for recycling. The return liquid guide channel 140 has an inclined slope along the return direction, preferably between 2 and 5 degrees. This inclined slope can be determined based on the dust and sludge self-flow recovery test, equipment installation tilt angle error, and water tank inlet height. The bottom of the return liquid guide channel 140 can be provided with a rounded transition, a detachable flushing port, or a sludge discharge port to reduce the probability of dust and sludge accumulating in the return liquid guide channel 140. The outlet of the return liquid guide channel 140 can be provided with a detachable filter or a sediment observation window to determine whether sludge deposition exists in the return liquid channel.

[0035] The upper air collection chamber 150 is located at the upper or rear upper part of the dust collector housing 100 and is connected to the air outlet 160. The fan assembly 420 is located inside the dust collector housing 100, inside the upper air collection chamber 150, or near the air outlet 160. When the fan assembly 420 is running, a back-suction airflow is formed at the semi-open working port 110, allowing dust-laden air to enter the dust collector housing 100. The fan assembly 420 preferably has soft start and soft stop functions. In the fan micro-pulse pressure building state, the fan assembly 420 gradually increases from a low speed to the pressure building speed within 0.5 seconds to 3 seconds; when exiting pressure building or stopping, the fan assembly 420 reduces its speed in a gradual manner to reduce secondary dust re-entrainment caused by instantaneous strong airflow. If the response of each back-suction confirmation point fluctuates violently during the gradual increase, the embedded control unit 800 extends the pressure building confirmation time and enters the pressure building observation process.

[0036] The filter assembly 400 is disposed in the dust-laden airflow channel and can employ a single-stage or multi-stage filter structure. When using a multi-stage filter, the filters are arranged sequentially along the airflow direction to classify and intercept dust particles of different sizes. The filter assembly 400 is installed within the dust collector housing 100 via a filter mounting and sealing structure 410. The filter mounting and sealing structure 410 may include a slide rail, a limiting groove, a clamping buckle, a sealing strip, or an elastic seal, used to position, clamp, and seal the filter assembly 400, reducing the bypass of dust-laden airflow from the edges of the filter assembly 400 and facilitating the removal of the filter assembly 400 for cleaning or replacement via the inspection door 170. If the filter assembly 400 is not installed correctly, it may cause abnormal filter pressure difference, abnormal back suction boundary, or abnormal detection by the inspection door 170, prompting the embedded control unit 800 to output a filter installation and maintenance prompt.

[0037] like Figure 3 As shown, the lower water tank 200 is located at the bottom of the dust collector 100, used to store the spray liquid and receive the spray liquid returned via the return liquid guide channel 140. The lower water tank 200 contains a filter frame and a sedimentation and sludge collection structure 210, located at the return liquid inlet or upstream of the suction end of the circulating pump 310, used to filter, settle, and collect dust, debris, and particulate matter in the returned spray liquid. A coarse filter or a removable pre-filter can be installed at the suction end of the circulating pump 310 to reduce the entry of large particles, foam, or floating matter into the circulating pump 310 and the atomizing nozzle 330. The lower water tank 200 can also be equipped with a low-level observation window, a drain outlet, and a replenishment outlet for easy replenishment of spray liquid and discharge of sediment by maintenance personnel.

[0038] The circulating spray mechanism 300 includes a circulating pump 310, a suction pipe, a main spray pipe, branch spray pipes, and atomizing nozzles 330. The inlet of the circulating pump 310 is connected to the lower water tank 200, and the outlet is connected to the main spray pipe. The branch spray pipes are positioned above the inclined guide grille 130, above the filter assembly 400, or in the area through which the dust-laden airflow passes. The atomizing nozzles 330 are spaced apart on the branch spray pipes. The atomizing nozzles 330 can be pressure atomizing nozzles, fan-shaped nozzles, cone-shaped nozzles, or other spraying elements capable of forming dust-collecting droplets. After the circulating pump 310 starts operating, the spray liquid is sprayed into the dust-laden airflow channel through the atomizing nozzles 330, forming wet collection upon contact with the dust. The spray liquid that has participated in dust settling flows back to the lower water tank 200 through the inclined guide grille 130 and the return liquid guide channel 140, where it is filtered and settled before being reused.

[0039] The main spray pipe, branch spray pipes, and atomizing nozzles 330 are preferably installed inside the dust collector housing 100 using elastic pipe clamps, limit buckles, hose vibration damping joints, threaded anti-loosening parts, or fasteners with equivalent anti-loosening functions. An angle limiting part, anti-rotation positioning surface, or nozzle positioning seat can be provided at the atomizing nozzles 330 to maintain a preset spray angle when the equipment vibrates. Low-level return ports, pressure relief return channels, or check valves can be provided at the lower ends of the main spray pipe and branch spray pipes. After the equipment stops, the residual liquid in the spray pipes 320 flows back to the lower water tank 200 through the low-level return port or pressure relief return channel to reduce low-temperature freezing blockage, room-temperature deposition, and misjudgment of residual liquid during restart.

[0040] Inspection door 170 is located on the side, front, or rear of dust collector housing 100 for cleaning filter assembly 400, inclined guide grille 130, lower water tank 200, and circulating spray mechanism 300. Lighting element 180 is located above semi-open work opening 110 or inside dust collector housing 100 to provide illumination for grinding and maintenance areas. Anti-static grounding connections may be provided for dust collector housing 100, filter frame, spray pipe metal components, and fan housing.

[0041] When used in applications involving combustible dust such as wood dust, plastic dust, and metal dust, the equipment can be equipped with anti-static grounding connections at the dust collector housing 100, filter frame, metal parts of the spray pipe, and fan casing. Temperature sensors, spark detectors, grounding continuity detection structures, or spark blocking structures can be installed in the semi-open working port 110, the upper air collection chamber 150, or the dust-laden airflow channel. The spark blocking structure can be installed in the airflow channel between the semi-open working port 110 and the upper air collection chamber 150, or in front of the filter assembly 400 or the fan assembly 420, to reduce the risk of sparks entering subsequent areas with the airflow. When the embedded control unit 800 detects a spark, over-temperature, or grounding abnormality, it revokes the work permit and puts the bottom state machine into combustible dust protection mode or emergency stop protection mode.

[0042] Spark blocking structures may include staggered baffles, metal flame arresters, removable flame arresters, or labyrinthine blocking channels. Grounding continuity detection structures may include grounding terminals, grounding detection lines, flexible grounding contacts, and grounding status detection circuits. The installation location of the spark blocking structure, the judgment boundary of the grounding continuity detection structure, and the triggering conditions of the temperature and spark detection elements are determined based on the dust type, equipment grounding specifications, on-site safety requirements, and factory calibration results. Under combustible dust protection conditions, the embedded control unit 800 prioritizes revoking the work permit interlock output and, based on the effectiveness of the water circuit, selects to briefly maintain spraying, controllable ventilation, or stop the output.

[0043] The basic mechanical architecture of this embodiment enables a dust removal path that includes semi-open operation, negative pressure back suction, grid guidance, wet spraying, filter interception, and spray liquid recycling. This embodiment primarily illustrates the physical structure and installation relationships of the equipment, providing a mechanical foundation for subsequent sensor verification, embedded control, and anomaly mitigation.

[0044] Example 2, as Figures 1 to 3 As shown, in this embodiment, based on the first embodiment, the main airflow detection device 430 is used to confirm the back-suction state of the main airflow, and the back-suction confirmation component 500 at the working port is used to confirm the local back-suction state at different positions of the semi-open working port 110. At the same time, the spray end arrival confirmation component 600, the return liquid guide channel 140, and the return liquid detection device 630 are used to confirm whether the spray liquid reaches the end of the spray pipe 320 and forms a return liquid at the inclined guide grid 130.

[0045] The equipment includes a backflow confirmation assembly 500 at the boundary of the semi-open working port 110. The backflow confirmation assembly 500 comprises a backflow confirmation hole group 510, a fine pressure tapping tube 520, a differential pressure detection element 530, and a pressure tapping moisture-proof and anti-clogging structure 540. The backflow confirmation hole group 510 includes an upper edge backflow confirmation hole located on the inner side of the upper edge of the semi-open working port 110, side backflow confirmation holes located at the left and right boundaries of the semi-open working port 110, and an upstream backflow confirmation hole located in the upstream region of the inclined guide grid 130. Each backflow confirmation hole is connected to the differential pressure detection element 530 via the fine pressure tapping tube 520. The pressure tapping moisture-proof and anti-clogging structure 540 is located on the pressure tapping path between the backflow confirmation hole group 510 and the differential pressure detection element 530 to reduce the impact of dust, water mist, or condensation on the pressure tapping channel and the differential pressure detection element 530. The diameter of the back suction confirmation hole is preferably 1 mm to 4 mm, and the inner diameter of the fine pressure tapping tube 520 is preferably 2 mm to 6 mm. The pressure tapping moisture-proof and anti-clogging structure 540 can adopt a dustproof and breathable cap, a downward-sloping channel, a detachable cleaning connector, a drainage section, or a structure with equivalent moisture-proof and anti-clogging functions.

[0046] The main airflow detection component 430 is used to detect the current airflow status of the main airflow path, and its detection output includes the current wind speed or air volume. The embedded control unit 800 generates a basic back-suction validity flag and a main airflow abnormality flag based on the detection output of the main airflow detection component 430. The detection results of the main airflow detection component 430 are used to determine the overall suction capacity of the equipment, and the detection results of the back-suction confirmation component 500 at the working port are used to determine whether there is local back-suction weakening at different positions of the semi-open working port 110. These two types of results are used to confirm the back-suction status at different levels.

[0047] The back-suction confirmation component 500 provides the embedded control unit 800 with the local pressure signal of each back-suction confirmation hole and the effective status of the micro-differential pressure detection element 530; the embedded control unit 800 also acquires the fan operation feedback and optional dust change signal of the working port, and forms the pressure value, boundary status, effective mark, abnormal mark and pressure tapping point maintenance prompt corresponding to each back-suction confirmation point based on the above signals.

[0048] If any pressure tap is suspected of being blocked, or if the corresponding differential pressure sensor 530 fails to generate valid data for three consecutive sampling cycles, the corresponding backflow confirmation point will be marked as invalid. Points marked as invalid will not be included in the current local backflow status assessment.

[0049] When the main airflow detection device 430 confirms the basic back-suction status is valid, but a single back-suction confirmation point experiences a short-term jump, weakened back-suction, or data failure, the embedded control unit 800 does not determine that the fan back-suction has failed. Instead, it marks the corresponding point as a local observation point and continues to judge the local back-suction status of the work opening using the remaining valid back-suction confirmation points. When the remaining valid back-suction confirmation points are less than the preset minimum number of valid points, no valid result for the work permit back-suction condition is generated, and a back-suction confirmation point maintenance prompt is output. The minimum number of valid points is determined based on the number of back-suction confirmation hole groups and the location of the semi-open work opening that needs to be covered.

[0050] When the main airflow path foundation backflow is effective, but multiple backflow confirmation points consistently show insufficient backflow within the continuous confirmation period, the embedded control unit 800 determines that the semi-open work port 110 has localized weakened capture. During the startup confirmation phase, the equipment extends the confirmation time or increases the fan output, without generating a valid work permit result; under normal capture conditions, the equipment prioritizes entering the enhanced capture state and can briefly maintain the work permit while the minimum safety boundary is effective. After enhanced capture, when localized backflow recovers, it returns to the corresponding normal process; if it cannot recover continuously, it enters the load reduction maintenance state or cancels the work permit.

[0051] When the main air duct foundation back suction state is invalid, the work permit is not generated solely based on the local micro pressure difference signal at the work port. Instead, the embedded control unit 800 combines the fan operation feedback, fan current, and filter or grille pressure difference to further determine whether the fan output is insufficient, the main air duct is blocked, or the main air duct airflow detection is abnormal.

[0052] To confirm whether the spray liquid has reached the end of the spray pipe 320, the equipment is equipped with a spray end arrival confirmation component 600. The spray end arrival confirmation component 600 includes an end confirmation branch 610 and a return confirmation chamber and a return arrival detection element 620. The end confirmation branch 610 is led out from the far end of the spray pipe 320 and connected to the return confirmation chamber and the return arrival detection element 620. The return confirmation chamber and the return arrival detection element 620 are located in the non-submerged area above or on the side of the lower water tank 200. They are used to detect whether spray liquid has arrived in the end confirmation branch 610 and output a return arrival signal to the embedded control unit 800. The bottom of the return confirmation chamber and the return arrival detection element 620 are connected to the lower water tank 200, so that the confirmed spray liquid can return to the lower water tank 200 for recycling.

[0053] The judgment inputs of the spray end arrival confirmation component 600 include the spray main pressure, spray main flow rate, backflow arrival signal, pump current, and water tank level. The embedded control unit 800 generates corresponding results in the categories of spray end arrival valid, spray end not arrived, suspected blockage of the confirmed branch, suspected overflow of the confirmed branch, and detection abnormality based on the judgment inputs.

[0054] Before starting the circulation pump 310, the return flow arrival detection element first performs a zero-point confirmation. If the circulation pump 310 has not yet started but the return flow confirmation chamber continuously outputs an arrival signal, the embedded control unit 800 marks the return flow arrival detection element as abnormal and prohibits the use of this signal as the basis for spray end arrival. If the spray pressure is normal, the main flow rate is normal, and there is return liquid in the return liquid guide channel 140, but the end confirmation branch 610 has no return flow pulse for a long time, the embedded control unit 800 marks the end confirmation branch 610 as suspected blockage. If the liquid level in the return flow confirmation chamber continues to rise or the branch return flow rate exceeds the upper limit, it is marked as suspected branch overflow. When the branch is suspected of being blocked or suspected of overflowing, the embedded control unit 800 can continue to collect the spray main pressure, spray main flow rate, and return liquid signal from the return liquid guide channel 140 as auxiliary judgment basis, but does not generate a valid result of spray end arrival based solely on the abnormal branch signal.

[0055] When the end-confirmation branch 610 is marked as potentially blocked, the embedded control unit 800 no longer uses the return flow arrival detection element 620 as a valid basis for the arrival of the spray end, and combines the signals from the spray main pressure, spray main flow rate, pump current, and return liquid detection element 630 to form a conservative water path boundary. If the spray main pressure, spray main flow rate, and return liquid detection element 630 are all within the valid range, the equipment can enter a reduced-load maintenance state and output a maintenance prompt for the end-confirmation branch; if the above signals cannot jointly confirm the effectiveness of the spray, it enters a water path protection state.

[0056] The equipment also includes a return liquid detection element 630 at the outlet of the return liquid guide channel 140. The return liquid detection element 630 may include one or more of the following: liquid arrival detection element, turbidity detection element, sedimentation height detection element, and temperature detection element. Depending on the actual configuration, it outputs one or more of the following signals to the embedded control unit 800: liquid arrival signal, return water turbidity signal, sedimentation height signal, and return liquid temperature signal. Based on the configured valid detection signals, the embedded control unit 800 determines whether humidification is effective, humidification is insufficient, sedimentation risk is present, or a return liquid channel maintenance prompt is required.

[0057] The return liquid detection is only used in the confirmation of spray arrival, normal collection, enhanced collection, or continuous spray confirmation windows. During standby or low-load operation, the absence of a return liquid signal does not directly indicate a fault. If the return liquid signal is intermittent, the turbidity of the return water continues to rise, or the sedimentation height continues to rise, the embedded control unit 800 tightens the return liquid maintenance boundary and outputs a maintenance prompt to clean the return liquid guide channel 140, filter frame, or the sedimentation area of ​​the lower water tank 200.

[0058] like Figure 6 As shown, after receiving the start request, the equipment first performs a basic self-check, which includes confirming the closure of the maintenance door 170, confirming the water tank level, confirming the startability of the fan assembly 420, confirming the startability of the circulating pump 310, confirming the online status of the main airflow detection device 430, confirming the online status of key detection devices, confirming the emergency stop circuit, and confirming the power status. After the basic self-check passes, the equipment enters the fan micro-pulse pressure build-up process. The fan assembly 420 runs at low or medium speed for a short time. The embedded control unit 800 first acquires the detection results of the main airflow detection device 430 and determines the basic back-suction status of the main airflow based on the current main airflow status and the corresponding reference status.

[0059] The boundary for determining the basic back-suction state of the main air duct is calibrated separately according to the fan output range. Under conditions of clean filter, closed maintenance door, and no operating load, the critical wind speed or critical air volume that can maintain the dust-laden airflow converging into the dust collector is determined by adjusting the fan output and combining it with smoke capture tests or dust escape tests. This critical wind speed or critical air volume is then used to determine the basic back-suction lower limit for the corresponding output range. During operation, if the main air duct airflow detection value is continuously confirmed to be no lower than the corresponding lower limit for 1 to 3 seconds, the basic back-suction state is determined to be valid; if it is continuously lower than the corresponding lower limit, it is determined to be invalid. If the main air duct airflow detection device 430 has no valid data for three consecutive sampling cycles, it is marked as a detection anomaly, no valid result for automatic operation permission is generated, and a maintenance prompt is output.

[0060] When the main airway foundation back suction status is valid, the micro differential pressure detection device 530 further collects the local back suction response of each back suction confirmation hole. The embedded control unit 800 forms the work permit back suction condition, the outward observation boundary, the grid blockage boundary and the capture recovery hysteresis boundary according to the local back suction status of different back suction confirmation points.

[0061] When the main air duct foundation back suction status is invalid, the equipment does not directly enter the work permit back suction confirmation. Instead, it determines the cause of the main air duct abnormality by using fan operation feedback, fan current, and filter or grille pressure difference.

[0062] Preferably, the deviation of the back suction at the working port is calculated using the following formula:

[0063] ;

[0064] in, Indicates the deviation of the suction return at the working port; This represents the back pressure value of the i-th back pressure confirmation hole within the current sampling window. The back pressure value is expressed as the absolute value of negative pressure. This represents the reference value of the back suction pressure for the i-th back suction confirmation hole during the reference calibration stage; This represents the pressure correction constant to prevent the denominator from being too small; i represents the number of the back suction confirmation hole; max represents the maximum value of i corresponding to the effective back suction confirmation point currently involved in the local back suction state judgment.

[0065] The deviation of the backflow at the working port is used to characterize the degree of local change of the corresponding backflow confirmation point relative to its baseline state. When the backflow state of the main airway foundation is valid, it participates in the local capture judgment. When the backflow state of the main airway foundation is still in the continuous confirmation period, the deviation of the backflow at the working port is only used as observation data and is not used to judge whether the fan assembly 420 has formed a normal overall backflow.

[0066] When the main airway foundation backflow status is effective and the backflow deviation at the work inlet only increases briefly at a single point, it should be observed primarily as a local disturbance or a weakening of local capture. When multiple points continue to deviate, it results in insufficient local capture. When the main airway foundation backflow status and multiple local backflow confirmation points are simultaneously abnormal, it results in insufficient overall backflow.

[0067] The benchmark calibration phase can be performed at the factory or by maintenance personnel after on-site installation. During benchmark calibration, the equipment is in a state of clean filter, normal water level, inspection door 170 closed, and no operating load. The fan assembly 420 operates at the preset pressure build-up speed, and the embedded control unit 800 records the stable back suction pressure value of each back suction confirmation hole. The preferred values ​​are 5 Pa to 20 Pa, which are based on the minimum stable reading of the micro differential pressure sensor 530 and the upper limit of the equipment's no-load calibration fluctuation. The preferred tightness boundary is 0.15 to 0.30, and the preferred tightness boundary is 0.30 to 0.50. These boundaries can be determined through smoke capture tests, dust escape tests, or calibration using a field reference operating section. The preferred sampling window is 1 to 3 seconds.

[0068] When the main airflow path foundation back-suction is effective and multiple back-suction confirmation holes generate effective local back-suction responses, the permissible back-suction conditions remain valid. When the back-suction response at the upper edge or side of the semi-open working port 110 is insufficient, accompanied by an increase in the dust signal at the working port, the external observation boundary tightens. When the fan current increases but the back-suction at the working port has not yet recovered, the embedded control unit 800 simultaneously tightens the grid blockage boundary and the fan reinforcement usable boundary. After the back-suction response recovers, the embedded control unit 800 maintains a hysteresis confirmation time of 3 to 15 seconds to avoid repeated state jumps.

[0069] Once the backflow conditions for operation are met, the equipment enters the water circuit micro-pulse arrival process. The circulation pump 310 starts briefly, preferably for 1 to 8 seconds. The spray liquid enters the spray area through the main spray pipe, spray branch pipe, and atomizing nozzle 330, while a small amount of spray liquid enters the return flow confirmation chamber through the end confirmation branch 610. The embedded control unit 800 collects the water tank level, spray main pipe pressure, spray main pipe flow rate, return flow arrival signal from the end confirmation branch 610, pump current, and return flow signal from the return flow guide trough 140.

[0070] The preferred time for the spray nozzle to reach the terminal is determined by the following formula:

[0071] ;

[0072] in, Indicates the arrival time of the spray nozzles; This indicates the moment when a valid backflow pulse is first detected upon arrival of the backflow at the detection element; This indicates the moment when the embedded control unit 800 sends a start command to the circulating pump 310.

[0073] During the spray arrival confirmation period, the embedded control unit 800 simultaneously determines whether the spray flow rate, spray pressure, spray end arrival time, and pump current are within effective limits. Preferably, the actual spray flow rate is not less than the product of the reference spray flow rate and the spray flow rate maintenance coefficient; the actual spray pressure is between the lower limit of the effective atomization pressure and the upper limit of the pipe blockage observation pressure; the spray end arrival time is not greater than the sum of the reference arrival time and the allowable margin; and the pump current is within the effective load range. The spray flow rate maintenance coefficient is preferably between 0.75 and 0.90. When using a common industrial atomizing nozzle 330, the lower limit of the effective atomization pressure can be between 0.05 MPa and 0.12 MPa, and the upper limit of the pipe blockage observation pressure can be between 0.25 MPa and 0.45 MPa. The reference arrival time is obtained through factory calibration or field calibration, with calibration conditions including clean spray pipes, unblocked nozzles, normal water tank level, and spray liquid temperature within the normal temperature range. The allowable margin is preferably between 0.5 seconds and 3 seconds.

[0074] When the actual spray flow rate, actual spray pressure, spray end arrival time, and pump current are all within the effective boundaries, the embedded control unit 800 determines that the spray end arrival boundary is valid. When the spray pressure increases but the flow rate decreases and there is no return flow arrival signal at the end, the embedded control unit 800 tightens the nozzle blockage observation boundary. When the spray pressure is too low, there is no return flow arrival signal at the end, and the pump current is below the idling current boundary, the embedded control unit 800 tightens the pump idling protection boundary. When the spray end arrival boundary is valid, but the return liquid guide channel 140 has no return liquid signal within the spray confirmation window, the embedded control unit 800 tightens the grid wetting boundary.

[0075] Example 3, as Figures 4 to 6 As shown, this embodiment, based on embodiment two, further sets up an embedded control unit 800 and its control process to convert the confirmation of back suction of the main air duct foundation, the confirmation of local back suction of the working port, and the confirmation of arrival of the spray terminal into the evolution boundary of the equipment operating status.

[0076] The detection and safety component 700 is connected to the embedded control unit 800 and provides the embedded control unit 800 with signals indicating liquid level, water path, air path, maintenance, safety, and external operation status. The detection and safety component 700 may include one or more of the following: liquid level detection element, spray pressure detection element, spray flow detection element, filter differential pressure detection element, fan current acquisition terminal, pump current acquisition terminal, maintenance door detection element, emergency stop input terminal, power supply voltage sampling terminal, external operation status input terminal, temperature detection element, spark detection element, and grounding continuity detection structure. The liquid level detection element is preferably located in the lower water tank 200 and is used to detect the liquid level in the lower water tank. Based on the signals from the detection and safety component 700, and in conjunction with the confirmation results from the main air path airflow detection element 430, the work port back suction confirmation component 500, and the spray end arrival confirmation component 600, the embedded control unit 800 executes operation permits, water path protection, maintenance lockout, emergency stop protection, combustible dust protection, and maintenance prompts.

[0077] The work permit interlock output terminal is an electrical output terminal installed on the semi-open workstation multi-functional wet dust collector. It is used to output interlock signals that permit or prohibit work to the external work station. The external work station is only an accessory for receiving interlock signals and does not constitute a component of the semi-open workstation multi-functional wet dust collector described in this embodiment.

[0078] The main airflow detection element 430, micro-differential pressure detection element 530, spray pressure detection element, spray flow detection element, liquid level detection element, backflow arrival detection element, return liquid detection element 630, and filter differential pressure detection element can be connected to the embedded control unit 800 via analog input, digital input, or communication interface. The maintenance door detection element, emergency stop input, and external operation status input are preferably connected as safety input signals. The fan assembly 420 and circulating pump 310 can be controlled by the embedded control unit 800 via frequency converter, driver, relay, or contactor. The operation permission interlock output can output relay contact signals, dry contact signals, interlock socket power supply status, or equivalent operation permission status. The specific voltage level, wiring polarity, and communication protocol are selected according to the equipment's electrical control system and matched with the interface specifications of the detection elements and actuators.

[0079] The embedded control unit 800 includes a data acquisition interface, a boundary generation module, a unified boundary packet module, a low-level state machine module, an output driver module, and a log recording module. The input to the data acquisition interface is the raw signal from each detection device, and the output is a unified data frame. The unified data frame includes: sampling time, detection object name, detection value, unit, valid flag, abnormal flag, and disturbance flag.

[0080] The acquisition interface performs short-window filtering, continuous confirmation, jitter reduction, and abnormal transition marking on the raw signal. For current signals, the acquisition interface can use RMS acquisition, peak rejection, or other processing methods with equivalent anti-interference capabilities. For differential pressure, flow rate, and pressure signals, the acquisition interface can mark sudden single-point transitions as disturbance observation data. If the acquisition interface fails to acquire a valid signal for three consecutive sampling cycles, it marks the corresponding detection object as an acquisition anomaly. The sampling period is preferably 100 milliseconds to 500 milliseconds; for liquid level, inspection door 170, and maintenance signals, a sampling period of 500 milliseconds to 2 seconds can be used. The continuous confirmation time for state transitions is preferably 1 second to 3 seconds, and the hysteresis confirmation time for state recovery is preferably 5 seconds to 15 seconds.

[0081] The power supply voltage sampling terminal is used to collect the equipment's power supply voltage or the driver's feedback voltage. The normal voltage range is preferably 90% to 110% of the rated voltage. The warning voltage range is preferably 85% to 90% of the rated voltage, or 110% to 115% of the rated voltage. The fault voltage range is preferably below 85% of the rated voltage, or above 115% of the rated voltage. When the voltage is within the warning voltage range, the embedded control unit 800 marks the current backflow and spray data as power disturbance observation data and extends the confirmation time; when the voltage is within the fault voltage range, the embedded control unit 800 revokes the work permit and issues an alarm. The above ranges can be calibrated according to the allowable voltage range of the fan assembly 420, the circulating pump 310, and the driver.

[0082] The input to the boundary generation module is a unified data frame, and the output of the boundary generation module is the boundary parameters of the comprehensive analysis point of the back suction and capture at the working port and the comprehensive analysis point of the spray end reaching the humidification support.

[0083] The comprehensive analysis points for back-suction capture at the work port are established around the semi-open work port 110, the main airflow detection component 430, the work port back-suction confirmation component 500, the inclined guide grille 130, the upper air collection chamber 150, and the fan assembly 420.

[0084] The main airflow detection element 430 is installed in the area where the dust-laden airflow forms a collected airflow after entering the upper air collection chamber 150, upstream of the air outlet 160, or on the air inlet side of the fan assembly 420. The main airflow detection element 430 can be a wind speed detection element, an air volume detection element, or other detection elements capable of obtaining the airflow status of the main airflow. Its installation position is spaced from the semi-open working port 110, so that the detection position avoids direct local disturbances caused by workpiece movement, operator's hand and tool movements.

[0085] The main airflow detection component 430 is used to determine whether the main airflow path forms a basic backflow state corresponding to the current fan output when the fan assembly 420 is running. Its reference value can be obtained through factory calibration or on-site calibration when the filter assembly 400 is cleaned, the maintenance door 170 is closed, and the fan assembly 420 is running according to the preset output.

[0086] The input parameters for the comprehensive analysis point of the back-suction collection at the work port include: main airflow detection signal, upper edge back-suction confirmation signal, side back-suction confirmation signal, upstream back-suction confirmation signal of the grid, fan current, fan operation feedback, filter or grid pressure difference, and optional dust change signal.

[0087] The comprehensive analysis of back-suction capture at the work port first determines the basic back-suction boundary based on the main airflow detection signal, and then determines the local back-suction boundary based on each back-suction confirmation point. The basic back-suction boundary is used to characterize the overall suction capacity of the equipment, and the local back-suction boundary is used to characterize the capture status at different positions of the semi-open work port; an abnormality in the local back-suction boundary is not directly equivalent to the failure of the 420 back-suction of the fan assembly.

[0088] The output boundaries of the comprehensive analysis point for back-suction collection at the work port include: work permit back-suction conditions, external observation boundary, grid blockage boundary, fan enhancement availability boundary, collection recovery hysteresis boundary, and delayed exhaust exit boundary.

[0089] The comprehensive analysis point for spray terminal arrival and humidification support is established around the lower water tank 200, circulation pump 310, spray main pipe, spray branch pipe, atomizing nozzle 330, terminal confirmation branch 610, return confirmation chamber and return arrival detection element 620 and return liquid guide channel 140.

[0090] The input parameters for the integrated analysis point of the spray terminal arrival and humidification support include: water tank level, spray main pressure, spray main flow rate, end confirmation branch 610 return arrival signal, pump current, return liquid guide channel 140 return liquid signal, and optional return water turbidity signal.

[0091] The output boundaries of the integrated analysis point for the spray terminal arrival and humidification support include: minimum working liquid level boundary, spray terminal arrival boundary, effective atomization pressure boundary, grid humidification boundary, water pump idling protection boundary, nozzle blockage observation boundary, and water path recovery hysteresis boundary.

[0092] The input to the unified boundary package module is the boundary parameters output from two integrated analysis points; the output of the unified boundary package module includes: state entry boundary, state hold boundary, state exit boundary, anomaly preemption boundary, output limiting boundary, and hysteresis recovery boundary.

[0093] The unified boundary package module does not use a weighted summation method to output control results. Instead, it modulates the underlying state machine through boundary intersection, interval constraints, mutual exclusion locking, continuous acknowledgment, exception preemption, and hysteresis recovery. When any critical boundary cannot be determined, the unified boundary package module adopts a conservative boundary and tightens the range of the job permission state.

[0094] When the external observation boundary or the grid blockage boundary tightens, but the spray end reaches the boundary effectively, and the grid wetting boundary is effective when the return liquid detection element 630 is set, the unified boundary package allows the bottom state machine to enter the enhanced capture state, and the fan assembly 420 and the circulating spray mechanism 300 can increase the output within a limited range; when the local back suction related boundary tightens and the spray end reaches the boundary simultaneously tightens, the unified boundary package increases the entry priority of the water circuit protection state or the load reduction maintenance state and revokes the work permit; when the work permit back suction condition is effective but the spray end reaches the boundary fails, the bottom state machine enters the water circuit protection state; when the spray end reaches the boundary effectively but the local back suction state cannot be restored, the bottom state machine switches from the enhanced capture state to the load reduction maintenance state.

[0095] The inputs to the underlying state machine module are the unified boundary packet and the current state, and the outputs of the underlying state machine module are the target state and the output allowable range.

[0096] The underlying state machine includes at least the following states: standby state, fan micro-pulse pressure building state, water circuit micro-pulse arrival state, work permit state, normal collection state, enhanced collection state, load reduction maintenance state, water circuit protection state, maintenance lockout state, emergency stop protection state, combustible dust protection state, and delayed exhaust state.

[0097] In standby mode, the embedded control unit 800 performs low-frequency detection of the water tank level, the status of the access door 170, the sensor communication status, and external start requests. Entry conditions are that the equipment is powered on and there are no work requests; exit conditions are that a start request is received and the basic self-test is successful. If a critical sensor malfunctions, the access door 170 is open, the emergency stop input is valid, the combustible dust protection condition is valid, or the water level is insufficient, the equipment remains in standby mode and outputs a prompt.

[0098] The conditions for entering the fan micro-pulse pressure build-up state are: receiving a start request in standby mode, with maintenance door 170 closed, water tank level valid, emergency stop input invalid, and fan assembly 420 meeting start-up conditions. In this state, fan assembly 420 operates briefly, and the embedded control unit 800 first determines the main airflow path foundation back suction state based on the main airflow path airflow detection device 430.

[0099] After the main air duct foundation back suction status is valid, the embedded control unit 800 detects the local back suction status at each back suction confirmation point. When both the foundation back suction status and the local back suction status meet the work permit back suction conditions, the system enters the water circuit micro-pulse arrival state. If the foundation back suction status is valid but the local back suction status is insufficient, the confirmation time is extended or the fan output is increased for local capture confirmation. If the main air duct foundation back suction status remains invalid, the system enters the load reduction maintenance state or the delayed exhaust state. The pressure build-up timeout is preferably 5 to 15 seconds.

[0100] The entry condition for the water circuit micro-pulse arrival state is that the operating permit back suction condition is valid under the fan micro-pulse pressure build-up state. In this state, the circulating pump 310 runs briefly, and the embedded control unit 800 detects the spray pressure, spray flow rate, end-point arrival signal, and pump current; when the return liquid detection element 630 is set, the return liquid signal is also detected. The exit condition is that the operating permit state is entered when the spray end reaches the boundary; if the liquid level is insufficient, the end does not reach the boundary, the spray pressure is abnormal, or the pump current is abnormal, the water circuit protection state is entered. The water circuit arrival timeout is preferably 8 to 15 seconds.

[0101] The conditions for entering the work permit state are that both the work permit back suction condition and the spray terminal reaching the boundary are valid; when the back liquid detection element 630 is set, the grid wetting boundary is also required to be valid. In this state, the embedded control unit 800 outputs a work permit signal to the external work terminal through the work permit interlock output terminal. When the external work status input terminal is set, it enters the normal collection state after the feedback work starts; when the external work status input terminal is not set, it enters the normal collection state after outputting the work permit.

[0102] The normal collection state is entered when the work permit is valid; when setting the external work status input, the external work terminal must also be in operation. In this state, the fan assembly 420 and the circulating spray mechanism 300 maintain normal output. The exit conditions are: when there is slight insufficient collection and the water circuit is effective, it enters the enhanced collection state; when the water circuit fails, it enters the water circuit protection state; when the inspection door 170 is open, it enters the maintenance lock state; when the emergency stop input is valid, it enters the emergency stop protection state; when the combustible dust protection condition is valid, it enters the combustible dust protection state; and when the operation stops, it enters the delayed exhaust state.

[0103] The conditions for entering the enhanced collection state are that the external observation boundary or the grid blockage boundary tightens, the spray end reaches the boundary effectively, and the grid wetting boundary is effective when the return liquid detection element 630 is set, while there is no maintenance lock, emergency stop protection, or combustible dust protection; in this state, the fan assembly 420 is raised to the enhanced output range, and the circulating spray mechanism 300 is raised to the enhanced spray range; the conditions for exiting the state are that the local back suction state is restored and the return to the normal collection state is confirmed after back hysteresis; if it still cannot be restored within the enhanced confirmation time, it enters the load reduction maintenance state; the enhanced confirmation time is preferably 5 to 30 seconds.

[0104] The conditions for entering the reduced-load maintenance state are increased filter pressure differential, grid blockage, abnormal return liquid, failure of back suction recovery at the work port, or tightening of the observation boundary due to nozzle blockage. In this state, the embedded control unit 800 outputs a maintenance prompt and decides whether to maintain the low-intensity operation permit based on the unified boundary package. If the water circuit is effective, back suction has not failed severely, the inspection door 170 is closed, the emergency stop input is invalid, and there are no serious safety abnormalities, the low-intensity operation permit can be maintained for a short period of time; if the maintenance abnormality continues for more than the preset timeout period, the operation permit is revoked and the system enters the delayed exhaust state; the preset timeout period is preferably 30 to 180 seconds.

[0105] The conditions for entering the water circuit protection state are insufficient water tank level, spray terminal not reaching, abnormal spray pressure, abnormal spray flow, pump current display indicating idling, or water circuit detection component failure. In this state, the embedded control unit 800 revokes the operation permit, restricts or stops the circulation pump 310, and maintains delayed exhaust ventilation of the fan assembly 420. If the equipment is equipped with a return pressure relief channel, in the water circuit protection state, first open the return pressure relief channel or low-level return port, and then stop the circulation pump 310 to reduce water circuit impact. The exit condition is that the water circuit recovers and returns to the water circuit micropulse arrival state after hysteresis confirmation; if the water circuit continues to be abnormal, the protection state is maintained and an alarm is triggered.

[0106] The conditions for entering the maintenance lockout state are: maintenance door 170 is open, maintenance reset is incomplete, or the maintenance door detection device is malfunctioning. This state has a lower priority than the emergency stop protection state, but a higher priority than the combustible dust protection state, water circuit protection state, and other operating states. In this state, the embedded control unit 800 revokes the work permit, stops the circulating pump 310, and causes the fan assembly 420 to operate briefly at the low-speed exhaust boundary. The conditions for exiting the lockout state are: maintenance door 170 is closed, maintenance reset is effective, and the basic self-test passes; if not reset, the lockout state remains in effect.

[0107] The emergency stop protection state is entered under the following conditions: triggering of the emergency stop button on the entire unit, emergency stop feedback from the external operating terminal, or triggering of the emergency stop circuit or interlocking safety circuit in the electrical control cabinet. In this state, the embedded control unit 800 immediately revokes the work permit and, according to the preset safety strategy, stops the circulating pump 310 and opens the return pressure relief channel or low-level return port. The fan assembly 420 can enter a short-term controlled exhaust or stop depending on the dust type and safety strategy. The emergency stop protection state is exited under the following conditions: emergency stop signal reset, fault clearance, manual confirmation, and basic self-test pass.

[0108] The conditions for entering the combustible dust protection state are: the temperature detector detects over-temperature, the spark detector detects a spark, the grounding continuity detection structure detects a grounding abnormality, or the emergency stop input under combustible dust conditions is valid. In this state, the embedded control unit 800 revokes the work permit, outputs a combustible dust protection alarm, and executes controlled ventilation, stops the fan, or maintains low-speed ventilation according to the current safety strategy. If the spray liquid is effective, the water tank level is valid, and there are no abnormalities in the water circuit, the circulating spray mechanism 300 can maintain spraying for a short time; if the water circuit fails, the circulating spray mechanism 300 stops and enters the water circuit protection state. The conditions for exiting the combustible dust protection state are: the spark, over-temperature, or grounding abnormality is resolved, maintenance personnel confirm, the basic self-test passes, and the confirmation process for the fan micro-pulse pressure build-up state and the water circuit micro-pulse arrival state is re-executed.

[0109] The delayed exhaust mode is entered when the operation stops, protection is triggered, or maintenance is exited. In this mode, the fan assembly 420 continues to run for a period of time to remove residual dust from the dust collection box 100. The preferred normal delayed exhaust time is 15 to 90 seconds. The preferred controlled exhaust time for a normal emergency stop is 30 to 90 seconds for metal polishing; 45 to 90 seconds for wood polishing; and 30 to 60 seconds for plastic or composite material finishing. If an emergency stop is accompanied by a spark, overheating, or grounding abnormality signal, the embedded control unit 800 executes the safety strategy under combustible dust protection, and the fan assembly 420 can stop or enter a lower-speed controlled exhaust mode. If a dust detection device is installed, the exit condition for the delayed exhaust mode is that the delay is complete, the dust signal decreases, and the backflow state is stable; if no dust detection device is installed, the exit condition is that the delay is complete and the backflow state is stable. If the corresponding exit conditions are not met after the delay period, an alarm will be output and the prohibited operation permission status will be maintained.

[0110] The emergency stop protection state has the highest priority, followed by the maintenance lockout state. When both the emergency stop protection state and the maintenance lockout state are triggered simultaneously, the underlying state machine executes the emergency stop protection state first and retains the maintenance lockout fault flag. After the emergency stop signal is released, the embedded control unit 800 determines whether to enter the maintenance lockout state based on the status of the maintenance door 170, the maintenance reset status, and the basic self-test results. If the maintenance door 170 is closed, the maintenance reset is effective, and the basic self-test passes, then the system continues to restore in the order of standby state, fan micro-pulse pressure building state, water circuit micro-pulse arrival state, and work permit state, without directly restoring the work permit.

[0111] The priorities of the bottom-level state machine, from highest to lowest, are: Emergency Stop Protection, Maintenance Lockout, Combustible Dust Protection, Water Circuit Protection, Load Reduction Maintenance, Delayed Exhaust, Enhanced Collection, Normal Collection, Work Permit, Water Circuit Micro-Pulse Arrival, Fan Micro-Pulse Pressure Buildup, and Standby. Emergency Stop Protection, Maintenance Lockout, and Combustible Dust Protection are mutually exclusive with other work states; Water Circuit Protection is mutually exclusive with Work Permit; Normal Collection is mutually exclusive with Maintenance Lockout; Enhanced Collection is only permitted when the water circuit is active, maintenance door 170 is closed, emergency stop input is invalid, and combustible dust protection conditions are invalid. When states of the same priority conflict, the bottom-level state machine selects the state with the higher level of protection; in conflicts involving work permits, revoking the work permit takes priority; when both water circuit and collection anomalies occur simultaneously, the water circuit protection state is prioritized, and delayed exhaust is maintained. When a parallel fault is triggered, the underlying state machine enters the highest priority state while retaining other fault flags. After the highest priority fault is cleared, the embedded control unit 800 enters the next lower priority state according to the remaining fault flags. After all faults are cleared, the equipment returns to the standby state, the fan micro-pulse pressure building state, the water circuit micro-pulse arrival state, and then enters the work permission state.

[0112] To determine the clogging trend of the filter assembly 400 or the inclined guide grille 130, a filter resistance change rate model is preferred:

[0113] ;

[0114] in, Indicates the rate of change of filter resistance; This indicates the current pressure difference between the front and rear sides of the filter assembly 400 or the inclined flow guide grille 130; This represents the differential pressure baseline value during the baseline calibration phase. This represents the pressure difference correction constant to prevent the denominator from being too small.

[0115] The pressure difference reference value is preferably between 10 Pa and 30 Pa, and the value is based on the minimum stable reading of the differential pressure sensor and the upper limit of the no-load differential pressure fluctuation of the equipment. The differential pressure reference value is preferably calibrated under the conditions of a clean filter, normal water level, and no grinding load. If the fan assembly 420 is a variable frequency fan, the differential pressure reference value is stored separately for the three fan output ranges of low speed, medium speed, and high speed. When the value reaches 0.2 to 0.4 and remains there for more than 30 seconds, the embedded control unit 800 outputs a cleanup observation prompt. When the value reaches 0.4 to 0.8 and remains there for more than 30 seconds, the embedded control unit 800 tightens the deload maintenance boundary; if If the pressure continues to rise and the back suction at the working port cannot be restored, the bottom state machine will enter a load reduction maintenance state or a delayed exhaust state. If the pressure tapping pipe on one side of the differential pressure sensor is blocked, causing the differential pressure signal to be inconsistent with the fan current and the back suction response at the working port, the embedded control unit 800 will mark the differential pressure signal as a sensing abnormality and will not directly take it as a conclusion of filter blockage.

[0116] Wet and dry clogging identification can be formed by combining spray status, return liquid turbidity, filter resistance change rate, fan current, backflow deviation at the operating port, and differential pressure recovery after shutdown. Wet clogging is usually characterized by effective spraying, high return liquid turbidity, a continuously rising filter resistance change rate, and slow differential pressure recovery after shutdown. Dry clogging is usually characterized by an increased filter resistance change rate, increased fan current, and insignificant change in return liquid turbidity under low spraying or non-enhanced spraying conditions. When wet clogging is identified, the equipment prompts for cleaning the filter frame, return liquid guide channel 140, inclined guide grille 130, and spray coverage area; when dry clogging is identified, the equipment prompts for cleaning the filter assembly 400 and pressure tapping channel. If the clogging type cannot be determined, the equipment performs maintenance according to a more conservative load reduction boundary.

[0117] Example 4 provides several optional extension methods based on Examples 1 to 3. These extension methods can be used individually or in combination according to dust type, environmental conditions, and on-site management requirements. The omission of any one of these extension methods does not affect the basic implementation of the main airflow foundation back-suction confirmation, the operation port local back-suction confirmation, the spray terminal arrival confirmation, the unified boundary package, and the bottom-level state machine in Examples 1 to 3.

[0118] The equipment can be further equipped with dust detection devices and return water turbidity detection devices. The dust detection devices can be installed inside the semi-open operating port 110, above the inclined guide grille 130, or at the inlet of the upper air collection chamber 150 to detect dust concentration trends. The return water turbidity detection devices can be installed at the outlet of the return liquid guide channel 140, the inlet of the filter frame, or in the return area of ​​the lower water tank 200 to detect the degree to which the spray liquid carries dust. The dust detection devices and return water turbidity detection devices can be light scattering detection devices, turbidity detection devices, particulate matter detection devices, or other detection elements with equivalent detection functions.

[0119] When the dust detector detects a sudden increase in dust concentration, and the deviation of the backflow at the working port increases simultaneously, the embedded control unit 800 tightens the external observation boundary, making it easier for the underlying state machine to enter the enhanced collection state. When the dust concentration suddenly increases but the deviation of the backflow at the working port does not increase significantly, and the spray end reaches the boundary effectively, the embedded control unit 800 prioritizes opening the enhanced output range of the circulating spray mechanism 300. When the turbidity of the return water continues to rise, and the rate of change of filter resistance increases simultaneously, the embedded control unit 800 tightens the return liquid maintenance boundary and the load reduction maintenance boundary, and prompts for cleaning of the filter frame, the inclined guide grille 130, or the filter assembly 400.

[0120] The equipment can be configured with sensor failure degradation strategies. These strategies include single-point failure degradation, multi-point failure protection, and critical sensor failure lockout. Single-point failure degradation is applicable when a single backflow confirmation point, a single differential pressure tap, or a single return liquid detection element 630 is abnormal, and the remaining critical detection elements are valid. In this case, the equipment can maintain short-term low-load operation and output maintenance prompts.

[0121] Multi-point failure protection applies to situations where multiple back-suction confirmation points are invalid, spray end confirmation and return liquid detection are abnormal simultaneously, and differential pressure detection and fan feedback are abnormal simultaneously. In this case, the equipment revokes the automatic operation permission and only allows delayed exhaust ventilation and maintenance confirmation.

[0122] The critical sensor failure lockout applies to anomalies in the main airflow detector 430, liquid level detector, maintenance door detector, or emergency stop signal, as well as anomalies in the external operation status input terminal when it is set. In this case, the equipment will not generate or revoke the automatic operation permit and will enter the corresponding protection or maintenance state according to the anomaly type. Manual confirmation is only used for single-point failure degradation or maintenance confirmation and must not bypass water circuit protection, maintenance lockout, emergency stop protection, and minimum safety boundary. The effective duration of manual confirmation is preferably 10 to 30 minutes; after the timeout, the equipment will re-perform a self-test.

[0123] The equipment can be equipped with ambient temperature, spray liquid temperature, and ambient humidity sensors. In low-temperature environments, when the ambient temperature or spray liquid temperature is below the preset antifreeze boundary, the embedded control unit 800 prevents the circulation pump 310 from directly entering the water circuit micro-pulse arrival state and performs pipeline purging, low-power heating, low-speed circulation preheating, or antifreeze maintenance prompts. The antifreeze boundary is preferably 0 to 5 degrees Celsius. In high-temperature environments, when the spray liquid temperature is above the preset high-temperature observation boundary, the embedded control unit 800 increases the liquid level sampling confirmation frequency and combines the liquid level drop trend, pump current, and return flow arrival signal to distinguish between evaporation, leakage, and liquid level detection misjudgment. The high-temperature observation boundary is preferably 40 to 60 degrees Celsius. In high-humidity environments, the embedded control unit 800 can form a condensation observation boundary based on ambient humidity, slow drift of the pressure tapping signal, and condensation guiding signal, prompting the cleaning of the hydrophobic chamber or replacement of the drying filter.

[0124] In one optional embodiment, the semi-open workstation multi-functional wet dust collector is equipped with a two-way safety interlock for work permits. The embedded control unit 800 receives status feedback from the external work terminal through the external work status input terminal and outputs the work permit status through the work permit interlock output terminal. When the emergency stop protection, maintenance lock, water circuit protection, combustible dust protection or minimum safety boundary is invalid, the embedded control unit 800 cancels the work permit interlock output.

[0125] The equipment can be configured with multiple operating condition parameter packages. These packages include dust-generating conditions such as metal grinding, wood grinding, plastic parts finishing, and composite material finishing. Each parameter package includes at least the following parameters: fan micro-pulse operating range, main air duct foundation back-suction lower limit, spray micro-pulse confirmation time, work port back-suction deviation boundary, spray flow rate maintenance coefficient, atomization effective pressure range, filter resistance change rate boundary, delayed exhaust time, maintenance reminder level, and water circuit protection priority. For metal grinding, the upper limit of the spray terminal arrival time is preferably 3 to 8 seconds. This upper limit is used to determine the spray terminal arrival boundary and is not greater than the water circuit arrival timeout corresponding to the water circuit micro-pulse arrival state. The delayed exhaust time is preferably 30 to 90 seconds, and the water circuit protection priority is higher than load reduction maintenance. For wood grinding, the filter resistance maintenance boundary is relatively tight, and the delayed exhaust time is preferably 45 to 90 seconds. For plastic parts finishing, the enhanced collection confirmation time is preferably 5 to 20 seconds. For composite material finishing operations, the dust surge boundary, filter protection maintenance boundary, and spray terminal arrival boundary are relatively tightened; when the return liquid detection element 630 is installed, the grid wetting boundary is also tightened. Regardless of the selected operating condition parameter package, the following are considered minimum safety boundaries and cannot be bypassed by using the operating condition parameter package: maintenance door 170 closed, water tank level valid, main air duct foundation back suction valid, work port local back suction valid, spray terminal arrival valid, emergency stop input invalid, and combustible dust protection condition invalid.

[0126] The equipment can be configured with an on-site calibration process. On-site calibration is performed by maintenance personnel through the control panel after accessing the calibration interface. Maintenance personnel confirm that the external operating end is stopped, that the filter assembly 400 is clean, the water tank level is normal, the inspection door 170 is closed, the nozzles are not blocked, the return channel is free of sludge, and the emergency stop input is invalid. The embedded control unit 800 first starts the fan micro-pulse, collecting the reference wind speed or reference airflow of the main airflow detection element 430 according to the corresponding fan output range, and also collecting the reference back suction pressure of each back suction confirmation hole; then it starts the circulating pump 310 micro-pulse, collecting the reference arrival time of the spray end, the reference spray flow rate, the reference spray pressure, and the reference pump current; subsequently, it collects the filter resistance reference pressure difference according to the low-speed, medium-speed, and high-speed fan output ranges. When the calibration data meets the fluctuation range requirements, the embedded control unit 800 saves the above reference data to the current operating condition parameter package and records the calibration time, maintenance personnel confirmation information, and calibration status. If the calibration data fluctuation exceeds the allowable range, the embedded control unit 800 will prompt you to check the pressure tap, filter, nozzle, return flow channel 140, or water tank level, and retain the last valid parameter package. After replacing the filter, replacing the nozzle, cleaning the spray pipes 320, moving equipment, or changing the main dust condition, the on-site calibration should be performed again.

[0127] The embedded control unit 800 can write field calibration data to non-volatile memory. The non-volatile memory stores at least the current operating condition parameter package, the last valid calibration data, and the factory default parameter package. After a power outage and restart, the embedded control unit 800 prioritizes recalling the last valid calibration data. If the verification of the last valid calibration data fails, the embedded control unit 800 recalls the factory default parameter package, disables automatic operation permission, and prompts for recalibration. The parameter package data includes the parameter package version, calibration time, verification flag, recovery source, and applicable operating conditions.

[0128] The equipment can be set with three levels of maintenance prompts. Level 1 maintenance prompts are for protection shutdown, corresponding to situations such as the inspection door 170 being open, water circuit failure, emergency stop feedback, and failure of all key sensors. The handling method is to revoke the work permit, restrict or stop the circulation pump 310, retain the fan for delayed exhaust and alarm. The reset condition is that the fault is cleared, the inspection door 170 is closed, the foundation self-test passes and maintenance is confirmed. Level 2 maintenance prompts are for reduced load operation, corresponding to situations such as increased filter resistance, insufficient local back suction, nozzle blockage observation, and abnormal return liquid. The handling method is to limit the continuous operation time, enter enhanced capture or reduced load maintenance, and prompt maintenance personnel to clean the relevant parts. The reset condition is that the boundary is restored and back hysteresis is confirmed. Level 3 maintenance prompts are for daily inspection, corresponding to situations such as suspected blockage of single-point pressure taps, high turbidity of return liquid, and log storage approaching the upper limit. The handling method is to output a prompt but not immediately affect the current operation. The reset condition is that maintenance personnel confirm or the corresponding signal is restored.

[0129] The equipment can be configured with log recording and maintenance traceability functions. The log recording module records the current state of the underlying state machine, state entry time, state exit time, back suction deviation at the work port, arrival time at the spray terminal, spray pressure, spray flow rate, filter resistance change rate, water tank level, inspection door 170 status, emergency stop input status, combustible dust protection condition status, work permit status, and alarm information. When the equipment enters enhanced collection status, load reduction maintenance status, water circuit protection status, maintenance lock status, emergency stop protection status, combustible dust protection status, or delayed exhaust status, the log recording module generates an abnormal event record. The abnormal event record includes event number, event time, abnormality type, trigger boundary, duration, execution output, recovery result, maintenance prompt, and manual confirmation record.

[0130] Logs can be stored locally in a circular fashion, preferably saving at least 1000 recent event records or at least 30 days' worth of event records. When the log storage is full, the embedded control unit 800 prioritizes overwriting earlier Level 3 maintenance prompt logs in chronological order; Level 1 maintenance prompt logs, emergency stop protection logs, and combustible dust protection logs are retained first. Maintenance users can export logs, and administrators can clear historical logs. Log export formats can be tabular files, text files, structured data files, or other file formats readable by the plant management system. Exported fields must include at least the event number, event time, status name, trigger boundary, detected object, output action, recovery result, and manual confirmation record. Abnormal logs can be filtered by event level, status name, detected object name, and time range.

[0131] The logging module can use non-volatile memory to store exception event records, parameter package versions, calibration times, and verification flags. A write verification flag is generated after an exception event record is written. After the device is powered off and restarted, the embedded control unit 800 prioritizes reading the most recent valid log and parameter package data. If log verification fails, the device retains the most recent valid parameter package and outputs a log maintenance prompt; if level-one maintenance prompts, emergency stop protection, or combustible dust protection logs have not yet been exported, these types of logs are retained first.

[0132] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A semi-open wet dust collection device, characterized in that, It includes a dust collection box, a semi-open working port, a circulating spray mechanism, a filter assembly, a fan assembly, a main airflow detection device, a working port back suction confirmation device, a spray end arrival confirmation device, an embedded control unit, and a work permit interlock output terminal; The semi-open working port is connected to the dust-laden airflow channel inside the dust collector box. The filter assembly and fan assembly are located in the dust-laden airflow channel. The main airflow detection device is located in the airflow gathering area downstream of the semi-open working port. The working port back-suction confirmation device has multiple back-suction confirmation positions around the semi-open working port. The spray end arrival confirmation device detects the arrival status of the spray liquid through the confirmation branch at the far end of the spray pipeline. The embedded control unit determines the main airway foundation back-suction state based on the main airway airflow detection device. When the main airway foundation back-suction state is valid, it determines the local back-suction state based on the work port back-suction confirmation component. It then determines the work permit back-suction conditions based on the main airway foundation back-suction state and the local back-suction state. After the work permit back-suction conditions are valid, it determines the spray end arrival confirmation result based on the spray end arrival confirmation component. When the spray end arrival confirmation result is valid, it outputs the work permit through the work permit interlock output terminal.

2. The semi-open wet dust removal equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The back suction confirmation component for the working port includes a back suction confirmation hole group, a fine pressure tapping tube, a micro pressure differential detection element, and a pressure tapping moisture-proof and anti-clogging structure. The plurality of backflow confirmation positions are formed by the backflow confirmation hole group, the fine pressure tapping tube connects the backflow confirmation hole group and the micro differential pressure detection element, and the pressure tapping moisture-proof and anti-clogging structure is disposed between the fine pressure tapping tube and the micro differential pressure detection element.

3. The semi-open wet dust removal equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes a work platform and an inclined flow guide grille; The work support platform is set in the work area corresponding to the semi-open work port, and the inclined guide grille is set between the work support platform and the filter assembly; The back-suction confirmation hole group includes an upper edge back-suction confirmation hole located on the inner side of the upper edge of the semi-open working port, side back-suction confirmation holes located on the inner sides of the left and right sides of the semi-open working port, and an upstream back-suction confirmation hole located between the rear edge of the working platform and the windward side of the inclined guide grid.

4. A semi-open wet dust removal device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The back-suction confirmation hole group is opened on the fixed wall panel of the dust collector, the fixed frame of the semi-open working port, or the fixed frame of the inclined guide grille; The back-suction confirmation hole group is spaced apart from the direct spray area of ​​the circulating spray mechanism and the leeward side area of ​​the filter assembly.

5. A semi-open wet dust removal device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a lower water tank, and the spray end arrival confirmation component further includes a reflux confirmation chamber and a reflux arrival detection element; The circulating spraying mechanism includes a circulating pump, a spraying pipeline, and an atomizing nozzle; the circulating pump is connected to the lower water tank. The confirmation branch is connected to the return confirmation chamber, and the return arrival detection element is used to detect the spray liquid entering the return confirmation chamber through the confirmation branch. The return confirmation chamber is connected to the lower water tank.

6. A semi-open wet dust removal device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The confirmed branch is equipped with a flow-limiting orifice or a miniature flow-limiting valve; When the circulating spraying mechanism is running, the spraying liquid enters the atomizing nozzle through the spraying pipeline and enters the return confirmation chamber through the confirmation branch.

7. A semi-open wet dust removal device according to claim 5, characterized in that, It also includes inclined flow guide grilles, return flow guide channels, and return flow detection components; The atomizing nozzle is disposed above the inclined flow guide grille and located on the air inlet side of the filter assembly, the liquid return guide channel is disposed at the lower edge of the inclined flow guide grille, and the liquid return detection element is disposed at the outlet of the liquid return guide channel.

8. A semi-open wet dust removal device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The spray pipeline is installed in the dust collection box through elastic pipe clamps, limit buckles, hose shock-absorbing joints, threaded anti-loosening parts or nozzle positioning seats. The low end of the spray pipeline is provided with a low-level return port, a pressure relief return channel or a check structure. The filter assembly is installed on the dust collector housing via a filter installation and sealing structure, which is located between the filter assembly and the dust collector housing.

9. A semi-open wet dust removal device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, It also includes detection and security components; The detection and safety component is connected to the embedded control unit. The detection and safety component includes a liquid level detection device, a spray pressure detection device, a spray flow detection device, a filter screen differential pressure detection device, a fan current acquisition terminal, a pump current acquisition terminal, a maintenance door detection device, an emergency stop input terminal, and a power supply voltage sampling terminal. The detection and safety component also includes at least one of an external operating status input terminal, a temperature detection device, a spark detection device, and a grounding continuity detection structure.

10. A semi-open wet dust removal device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The embedded control unit includes an acquisition interface, a boundary generation module, a unified boundary packet module, a low-level state machine module, an output driver module, and a log recording module; The acquisition interface receives detection signals from the main airflow detection device, the back suction confirmation component at the work port, the arrival confirmation component at the spray end, and the detection and safety component. The boundary generation module generates a comprehensive analysis point for back suction and capture at the work port and a comprehensive analysis point for arrival and humidification support at the spray end based on the detection signal. The unified boundary package module generates a unified boundary package based on the comprehensive analysis points of the back suction and collection at the working port and the comprehensive analysis points of the arrival and humidification support at the spray end. The underlying state machine module enters the corresponding state among the following states according to the unified boundary packet: standby state, fan micropulse pressure building state, water circuit micropulse arrival state, work permit state, normal collection state, enhanced collection state, load reduction maintenance state, water circuit protection state, maintenance lockout state, emergency stop protection state, combustible dust protection state, and delayed exhaust state. The output drive module controls the fan assembly, the circulating spray mechanism, and the work permit interlock output terminal according to the state entered by the underlying state machine module.

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