Improved thermal lining for garments and method of making same

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for providing a dunnage, comprising the steps of: mixing fibers constituting a first layer with bi-component polymer staple fibers having a low-melting outer layer, obtaining a first mixture; mixing fibers constituting a second layer with bi-component polymer staple fibers having a low-melting outer layer, obtaining a second mixture; laying the first mixture to form a first fiber mat; laying the second mixture to form a second fiber mat; carding the first mat, obtaining a first carded layer; carding the second mat, obtaining a second carded layer; layering the first carded layer and the second carded layer, obtaining a primary semi-finished product; heat bonding the primary semi-finished product by melting and fusing at least the outer portions of the bi-component polymer staple fibers together, to form the dunnage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an improved thermal lining, particularly for technical clothing used in outdoor activities.

[0002] Another objective of this invention is to provide a method for manufacturing such a lining. Background Technology

[0003] Today, in the apparel industry, especially in technical clothing for so-called "outdoor" activities (i.e., activities performed outdoors), there is an increasing use of products with high thermal insulation and high breathability relative to the external environment.

[0004] Generally speaking, the human body generates heat through purely physiological processes, regardless of the clothing worn or the temperature of the external environment.

[0005] During sports activities, athletes engage in strenuous muscle activity, which causes their body temperature to rise, accompanied by varying degrees of sweating.

[0006] Sweat evaporation absorbs heat, maintaining the athlete's body temperature within an ideal range.

[0007] Therefore, it is evident that clothing is important for both ordinary users and athletes in promoting the evaporation and diffusion of sweat in the microenvironment between the clothing penetrating the body and covering the body, in order to avoid slowing down the thermoregulation process.

[0008] In addition, even when muscle activity is low, such as during low-intensity activity or rest, the body continues to lose water, although the amount lost is much smaller.

[0009] Insensible perspiration is a physiological process involving the continuous and imperceptible loss of small amounts of water from the skin, mucous membranes, and respiratory tract. This completely physiological and continuous phenomenon is a mechanism that enables the body to continuously dissipate heat, aids in thermoregulation, and allows the skin to maintain adequate hydration levels in the event of transepidermal water loss.

[0010] Modern technical clothing must therefore ensure sufficient breathability to comfortably cope with high-intensity activities, while still serving as a barrier to prevent excessive heat loss, thus preventing athletes from feeling unpleasantly cold when physical activity ceases.

[0011] To achieve these purposes, so-called thermal insulation linings are now widely known and used.

[0012] The term "insulating lining" (also known as "insulating filler") refers to synthetic or natural materials designed to provide warmth and make filled clothing soft and fluffy.

[0013] In this specification, the term "synthetic source" refers to a product obtained through artificial synthesis, typically derived from petroleum and its derivatives.

[0014] In this specification, the term "natural source" means a product obtained by processing raw materials obtained from plant cultivation or animal hair.

[0015] Liners made of synthetic fibers are different from those made of natural fibers; they are very durable, easy to care for and clean, and are generally more economical.

[0016] This type of synthetic lining is often used in technical clothing to provide better insulation without restricting the garment's breathability.

[0017] Ideal technical clothing for winter sports must have maximum vapor permeability, minimum water absorption, and maximum insulation.

[0018] While the available thermal insulation materials are widely available and popular, they still have certain limitations.

[0019] One major constraint comes from increasingly demanding market requirements, as athletes constantly seek clothing that is lighter and has better technical performance than existing garments in order to improve their performance.

[0020] Specifically, when engaging in physical activity at extremely low temperatures, known thermal linings are not sufficient to reduce heat loss from the body and generally fail to prevent users from feeling cold.

[0021] In fact, known linings are constructed to either facilitate the outward transfer of moisture while carrying away some heat, or to facilitate heat retention, but this usually also limits the ability of moisture to be transferred outward.

[0022] From a business perspective, products with a lower eco-footprint are also more popular than clothing with similar performance but produced in a more polluting way.

[0023] Therefore, it is advantageous to use as many recyclable and / or reusable materials as possible during the production phase.

[0024] One potentially environmentally beneficial solution is to recycle and reuse waste or materials that will become waste, where possible. Summary of the Invention

[0025] The purpose of this invention is to create an improved thermal insulation lining and a method for producing it, which improves upon the prior art in one or more of the aforementioned aspects.

[0026] Specifically, within the scope of this task, one object of the present invention is to develop an improved thermal insulation lining that is more effective at transferring moisture to the outside and retaining heat than known types of thermal insulation linings.

[0027] Another object of the present invention is to develop an improved thermal lining that is lightweight and easy to incorporate into technical clothing such as jackets, sweaters, shirts, trousers, gloves, hats, footwear, backpacks, sleeping bags, mats, etc.

[0028] Another object of the present invention is to develop a lining and a method for manufacturing the same, which has an environmental impact equal to or less than that of similar products of known types.

[0029] A further object of the present invention is to develop a method for manufacturing a thermal lining that can be obtained at least in part from previously produced waste or scrap materials, while exhibiting quality and performance characteristics comparable to similar products of known types.

[0030] Furthermore, this invention aims to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies in a manner different from any existing solution.

[0031] Last but not least, the present invention aims to produce an improved thermal insulation lining and its production method that are highly reliable, relatively easy to implement, and price-competitive.

[0032] This task, and these and other objectives, which will be explained more clearly below, are achieved through the methods used to manufacture the lining.

[0033] In one aspect, a method for providing a lining is provided, the method comprising the steps of: mixing fibers constituting a first layer with bicomponent polymer chopped fibers having a low-melting-point outer layer to obtain a first mixed product; mixing fibers constituting a second layer with bicomponent polymer chopped fibers having a low-melting-point outer layer to obtain a second mixed product; laying the first mixed product to form a first fiber mat; laying the second mixed product to form a second fiber mat; carding the first mat to obtain a uniformly mixed and carded first stack; carding the second mat to obtain a uniformly mixed and carded second stack; stacking the first stack and the second stack to obtain a primary semi-finished product; and thermally bonding the primary semi-finished product by melting and fusing at least the outer portions of the bicomponent polymer chopped fibers together to form the lining.

[0034] In another aspect, a method for providing a lining is provided, the method comprising the steps of: mixing fibers constituting a first layer with bicomponent polymer chopped fibers having a low-melting-point outer layer to obtain a first mixed product; mixing fibers constituting a second layer with bicomponent polymer chopped fibers having a low-melting-point outer layer to obtain a second mixed product; laying the first mixed product to form a first fiber mat; laying the second mixed product to form a second fiber mat; carding the first mat to obtain a uniformly mixed and carded first stack; carding the second mat to obtain a uniformly mixed and carded second stack; stacking the first stack and the second stack to obtain a primary semi-finished product; stretching the primary semi-finished product to form a secondary semi-finished product; and thermally bonding the secondary semi-finished product by melting and fusing at least the outer portions of the bicomponent polymer chopped fibers together to form the lining.

[0035] In another aspect, a method for providing a lining is provided, the method comprising the steps of: mixing fibers constituting a first layer with bicomponent polymer chopped fibers having a low-melting-point outer layer to obtain a first mixed product; mixing fibers constituting a second layer with bicomponent polymer chopped fibers having a low-melting-point outer layer to obtain a second mixed product; laying the first mixed product to form a first fiber mat; laying the second mixed product to form a second fiber mat; carding the first mat to obtain a uniformly mixed and carded first stack; carding the second mat to obtain a uniformly mixed and carded second stack; stacking the first stack and the second stack to obtain a primary semi-finished product; thermally bonding the primary semi-finished product by melting and fusing at least the outer portion of the bicomponent polymer chopped fibers together to form a first bonded semi-finished product; and calendering the first bonded semi-finished product to form the lining.

[0036] In another aspect, a method for providing a lining is provided, the method comprising the steps of: mixing fibers constituting a first layer with bicomponent polymer chopped fibers having a low-melting-point outer layer to obtain a first mixed product; mixing fibers constituting a second layer with bicomponent polymer chopped fibers having a low-melting-point outer layer to obtain a second mixed product; laying the first mixed product to form a first fiber mat; laying the second mixed product to form a second fiber mat; carding the first mat to obtain a uniformly mixed and carded first stack; carding the second mat to obtain a uniformly mixed and carded second stack; stacking the first stack and the second stack to obtain a primary semi-finished product; stretching the primary semi-finished product to form a secondary semi-finished product; thermally bonding the secondary semi-finished product by melting and fusing at least the outer portion of the bicomponent polymer chopped fibers together to form a second bonded semi-finished product; and calendering the second bonded semi-finished product to form the lining.

[0037] Furthermore, this task, as well as these and other objectives which will be explained more clearly below, are achieved through an improved thermal insulation lining.

[0038] In one aspect, an improved thermal lining is provided, particularly for technical clothing used in outdoor activities, the lining comprising two layers stacked and in contact with each other substantially over their entire length, the lining comprising: a first layer containing a first fiber having temperature-regulating properties; and a second layer containing a second fiber having thermal insulation and / or breathability properties, the second fiber being different from the first fiber, wherein the first layer is mixed with bicomponent polymer chopped fibers having a low-melting-point outer layer, wherein the second layer is mixed with bicomponent polymer chopped fibers having a low-melting-point outer layer, and wherein the lining is fused and welded at least on the outside of the bicomponent polymer chopped fibers. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Other features and advantages of the invention will be better understood from the description of preferred, but not exclusive, embodiments of the improved thermal insulation lining and its production method according to the invention, shown by way of example and non-limitation in the accompanying drawings, in which: Figures 1 to 5 This is a schematic diagram of the different stages of a process for manufacturing improved thermal insulation linings; Figure 6 It is a three-dimensional view showing the details of the improved thermal insulation lining; Figures 7 to 10 These are schematic diagrams illustrating different implementations of a method for producing improved thermal insulation linings; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the improved thermal insulation lining. Detailed Implementation

[0040] In the method for producing an improved thermal insulation lining 100 according to the present invention, wherein the thermal insulation lining comprises a first layer 110 and a second layer 120, the method begins by opening a bale containing a first fiber component and a bale containing a second fiber component, the first fiber component being included in the first layer 110 and the second fiber component being included in the second layer 120.

[0041] These packages can contain virgin fibers (i.e., fibers obtained directly from primary production) and recycled fibers.

[0042] These recycled fibers can be obtained, for example, from pre-consumer waste that has been dismantled and loosened and / or opened.

[0043] During the stretching / opening stage, fibers consisting of long and short fibers, even as short as a few millimeters, are obtained.

[0044] These long and short fibers are then compressed to form compacted bales and packaged in a manner similar to that of virgin fibers.

[0045] refer to Figure 1 Open the bag using opener 1. The opener allows the fibers of the individual material to be released.

[0046] In the textile industry, the term "opening" refers to the operation of spreading out fibers.

[0047] If the process is continuous, there is no need for the packaging stage of the material package and the subsequent opening; however, if the process is carried out in steps that are separate in time and / or space, then it is necessary.

[0048] Similarly, in at least one other opener (not shown in the figure), bicomponent plastic fibers with a low-melting-point outer layer are released and weighed.

[0049] In addition, other fiber bales required to form the first layer 110 or the second layer 120 can be released and weighed in other openers not shown in the figure.

[0050] Specifically, during the opening stage, the fibers of a single material are released in each opener and become loose again.

[0051] The proportions of these fibers are selected using a weighing sensor, depending on the product in the layer and the relative thickness and weight to be achieved.

[0052] refer to Figure 2 and Figure 7 After the opening stage, the first fiber constituting the first layer 110 is mixed with the bicomponent polymer chopped fiber having a low melting point outer layer.

[0053] This operation is performed inside the first mixer 2a.

[0054] The first mixed product A is produced in this manner.

[0055] Similarly, the second fiber constituting the second layer 120 is mixed with bicomponent polymer chopped fibers having a low melting point outer layer.

[0056] This operation takes place inside the second mixer 2b.

[0057] The second mixed product AA is produced in this manner.

[0058] Advantageously, in an embodiment not shown in the figures, the first mixer and the second mixer can be integrated into a single mixer 2.

[0059] Subsequently, the first mixed product A and the second mixed product AA are distributed onto at least one first conveyor belt (not shown in the figure).

[0060] exist Figure 7In an embodiment of the method shown, the first mixed product A and the second mixed product AA are distributed in parallel on a single first conveyor belt.

[0061] The operation is performed by a dual-volume tower 3, which receives a first mixed product A and lays it on a first conveyor belt to form a first fiber mat B.

[0062] In a similar manner, the second mixed product AA arrives at the dual-volume tower 3 and is laid on the first conveyor belt to form a second fiber mat BB, which is placed side by side with the first fiber mat B.

[0063] Advantageously, the ratio of the first mixed product A and the second mixed product AA to be collected is adjusted by the dual-volume tower 3.

[0064] The ratio between products can be adjusted, for example, by using a movable wall that keeps the first mixed product A and the second mixed product AA separate during operation to produce the first pad B and the second pad BB, respectively.

[0065] Specifically, the positioning of the movable wall defines the width of the first pad B and the second pad BB, and thus defines their relative proportions.

[0066] Advantageously, in an embodiment not shown in the figures, there may be two individual volumetric towers, each fed separately with one of the first and second mixed products.

[0067] The method then includes a combing phase for the first pad B and the second pad BB.

[0068] For details, please refer to the following: Figure 3 and Figure 7 The first pad B is combed by the combing machine 4 to obtain a uniformly mixed and combed first stack C.

[0069] The second pad BB and the first pad B are combed simultaneously and in parallel in the combing machine 4 to obtain a uniformly mixed and combed second stack CC.

[0070] Advantageously, in an embodiment not shown in the figures, there may be two carding machines, each independently fed between the first pad and the second pad.

[0071] "Card combing" is a common operation in the textile fiber processing cycle and is therefore well known to those skilled in the art, so it will not be described in detail here.

[0072] Subsequent operations such as "folding", "stretching" and "calendering" are also common operations for those skilled in the art, and will not be described in detail if analyzed separately, and therefore will not be described in detail unless it is deemed necessary to better understand them.

[0073] Refer again Figure 3 and Figure 7 The first stack C and the second stack CC are folded.

[0074] More specifically, the first layer C and the second layer CC enter the folding machine 5 in parallel, are folded in the folding machine, and the first layer C is superimposed on the second layer CC to obtain a primary semi-finished product D with two layers.

[0075] The primary semi-finished product consists of materials previously including the first mixed product A and materials previously including the second mixed product B, in proportions defined by the two-volume tower 2.

[0076] The primary semi-finished product D already includes all the components of lining 100, but requires at least one fiber bonding stage in a specific oven 6 to obtain a usable product.

[0077] Advantageously, prior to this bonding stage, the primary semi-finished product D can undergo further processing to improve its quality.

[0078] For example, refer to Figure 4 and Figure 8 The primary semi-finished product D' can be stretched by a stretching machine 7' located in the production line between the folding machine 5' and the oven 6' before the heat bonding process.

[0079] The stretching machine 7' produces a semi-finished product of uniform thickness, forming a secondary semi-finished product F'.

[0080] More specifically, the stretching machine 7' inserted after the folding process is used to ensure pre-bonding, so as to make the layers more uniform and avoid significant changes in material density.

[0081] Advantageously, the stretching stage can produce linings with extremely low density, approximately between 20 and 80 grams per square meter, while maintaining the quality and uniformity of the layers regardless of thickness.

[0082] In fact, any missing portion of the first layer 110 and the second layer 120 in the lining 100 will result in a significant decrease in insulation performance.

[0083] In this specification, the term "pre-condensed" refers to the reorientation of folded fibers.

[0084] refer to Figure 5 and Figure 7 The primary semi-finished product D enters the heat bonding oven 6.

[0085] refer to Figure 8 The secondary semi-finished product F' enters the heat bonding oven 6'.

[0086] The primary semi-finished product D is thermally bonded to produce the first bonded semi-finished product E.

[0087] refer to Figure 8 The thermal bonding of the secondary semi-finished product F' produces the second bonded semi-finished product E'.

[0088] Each of the first bonded semi-finished product E and the second bonded semi-finished product E' can be used as lining 100, depending on the specific intended use of lining 100.

[0089] More specifically, during the thermal bonding stage, the outer portion of the bicomponent polymer chopped fibers with a low-melting-point outer layer is melted.

[0090] In this way, the two layers comprising the first bonded semi-finished product E or the two layers comprising the second bonded semi-finished product E' are welded together by a three-dimensional mesh of bonded bonding formed by the re-curing of the outer portion of polymer fibers having a low melting point outer layer.

[0091] This method yields the thermal adhesive layer material.

[0092] refer to Figure 9 and Figure 10 The method of manufacturing the lining 100 may include a calendering stage performed in calendering mills 8'', 8'''.

[0093] The main purpose of the calendering operation is to smooth the surfaces of the first bonded semi-finished product E'' and the second bonded semi-finished product E''', thereby improving the uniformity and aesthetic appearance of the final product.

[0094] The process is typically carried out in a hot state, using a calender that includes at least two hot rolls (at a temperature between 150°C and 250°C) and optionally at least two cold rolls.

[0095] refer to Figure 9 The first calendered semi-finished product G'' is obtained by calendering the first bonded semi-finished product E''.

[0096] refer to Figure 10 The second calendered semi-finished product G''' is obtained by calendering the second bonded semi-finished product E'''.

[0097] Each of these first calendered semi-finished products G'' and second calendered semi-finished products G''' can be used as lining 100, depending on the specific intended use of the lining 100.

[0098] Subsequently, the process of manufacturing the lining 100 includes the step of cutting any one of the above-mentioned first bonded semi-finished product E', second bonded semi-finished product E'', first calendered semi-finished product G'' and second calendered semi-finished product G''' by a cutting machine set after the ovens 6, 6', 6'''.

[0099] Subsequently, the process of producing lining 100 may include a stage of winding the material from one of the aforementioned stages.

[0100] More specifically, this winding stage involves winding the material into rolls using a winding machine located downstream of ovens 6, 6', 6'', 6'''.

[0101] Additionally, one or more compensators can be installed between the winding machine and the ovens 6, 6', 6'', 6''', which are designed to accumulate the reduced amount of material discharged from the aforementioned one or more working stages within a buffer zone.

[0102] This compensation phase prevents material stretching, such as during the cutting stage and / or during roll changes in a winding machine.

[0103] This method of construction also enables the production of ultralight linings 100, i.e., with a density reduced to 20 grams per square meter, while maintaining the uniformity and homogeneity characteristic of higher-density linings.

[0104] refer to Figure 6 and Figure 11 The thermal lining according to the invention is generally indicated by the number 100 and consists of or is specially made of two layers 110 and 120 that are stacked on top of each other and in contact with each other substantially along their entire length.

[0105] According to the present invention, there is a first layer 110, which includes a first fiber having temperature regulating properties.

[0106] Temperature regulation generally refers to the ability of fabrics to maintain an ideal body temperature (usually around 36.8°C) by retaining and distributing heat according to body temperature and perspiration or by releasing it through the space between the skin and clothing.

[0107] Furthermore, according to the present invention, there is a second layer 120 comprising a second fiber, the second fiber being different from the fiber of the first layer 110, and having properties different from those of the first layer 110: heat insulation and / or breathability.

[0108] "Insulation" usually refers to fabrics designed to form a thermal insulation layer around the body in cold, windy, or humid conditions, keeping the heat generated by physiological processes between the body and the fabric itself.

[0109] "Breathable" usually refers to fabrics designed to utilize the capillary properties of the fibers that make up the fabric to reduce discomfort caused by body perspiration.

[0110] In other words, the fabric fibers collect the sweat produced by the body and retain it on the fiber surface, guiding the sweat from the relatively humid fabric surface to the relatively humid surface.

[0111] This allows sweat to evaporate more easily into the external environment.

[0112] The lining 100 can be used in garment 200, with the first layer 110 or the second layer 120 facing the body of the user 130, and another layer of the first layer 110 and the second layer 120 facing outward.

[0113] Advantageously, the first fiber is selectively selected from a group of fibers or mixtures thereof, including graphene, filament fibers, polypropylene, polyacrylate, meta-aramid, polyester, polylactic acid, fibers bonded to mineral substances.

[0114] More specifically, the first fiber may consist of only one of the materials just introduced, or a mixture of these materials in various proportions, some of which are shown as examples in the following table and described in more detail in the following paragraphs.

[0115] As previously mentioned, a certain amount of low-melting-point bicomponent polymer chopped fibers is added to these first fibers, typically in proportions between 10% and 25% of the weight of the single layer, as illustrated again in more detail in the table below.

[0116]

[0117] Note: The values ​​shown represent the weight percentage of a specific material in the total weight of the first layer 110.

[0118] Each material used in a particular embodiment of the first layer 110 is selected based on certain properties.

[0119] For example, graphene, which is not shown in the composition presented herein, is an excellent thermal conductor: fibers containing graphene result in a uniform temperature distribution throughout the fabric, which is useful in both cold and hot conditions.

[0120] In addition, graphene has antibacterial properties, that is, it inhibits the growth of bacteria and microorganisms and reduces unpleasant odors.

[0121] In addition, graphene helps dissipate static electricity and reduce the static feeling that is characteristic of some synthetic fabrics.

[0122] Conveniently, the use of graphene increases the mechanical strength of the fibers it is bonded to, making the fibers more durable and less prone to wear.

[0123] In addition, silk fibers are an excellent insulating material: due to their ability to absorb and release moisture, they can keep you warm in winter and cool in summer.

[0124] In fact, silk fibers can absorb up to 30% of their weight in moisture without feeling damp.

[0125] This property helps keep skin dry, reduces bacterial growth and unpleasant odors.

[0126] Advantageously, polypropylene fibers have the lowest heat transfer coefficient and the highest insulation capacity compared to all other textile fibers commonly used for filling.

[0127] In addition, polypropylene is hydrophobic and has high water vapor permeability, which ensures that moisture can quickly pass through the lining and therefore has greater air permeability compared to other materials of the same density.

[0128] Specifically, the low thermal conductivity of polypropylene fibers reduces heat loss in cold environments compared to other fibers.

[0129] In addition, polyacrylate is a polymer with high water absorption, which can keep excess moisture away from the body, thus achieving more comfortable wear.

[0130] In addition, polyacrylate fibers generate heat through condensation enthalpy by absorbing water vapor emitted by the body (in other words, the latent heat of water vapor is released to the body through the condensation of vapor in the fiber).

[0131] Specifically, a garment made using a thermal lining improved according to the present invention includes a first layer 110 comprising at least a portion of polyacrylate fibers, which makes the body significantly warmer and drier compared to garments made using different types of linings and other fibers.

[0132] In addition, polyester is a synthetic fiber that is usually derived from recycled materials and has the main properties of strength, elasticity and water resistance.

[0133] Currently, the most commonly used polyester type in textiles is PET (polyethylene terephthalate), which is usually derived from the recycling of plastic bottles or other waste that would otherwise end up in the ocean, also known as "OBP," or "ocean boundary plastic."

[0134] More specifically, the polyester fibers used in the fabric can be of the silicon-coated (also known as siliconized) conjugated hollow polyester type.

[0135] More specifically, this technology uses crimped fibers (hence the term "conjugated"), which have better resilience and a more consistent volume over time compared to linear fibers.

[0136] These fibers also have a hollow cross-section to retain air inside the fiber, thereby improving the fiber's insulation and temperature regulation properties and further reducing the material density.

[0137] In addition, silicon-treated silicone polyester has good waterproof properties, making the fibers smoother and softer.

[0138] Advantageously, the polyester fibers used in this invention can be made using an additive commercially known as "CiCLO®".

[0139] This technology improves the biodegradability of synthetic fibers and reduces their ecological footprint, particularly in terms of microplastic pollution.

[0140] Furthermore, the polyester fibers used in this invention can be obtained using the “PUR-FILL®” technology, i.e., by recycling from polyester fabric processing waste.

[0141] Optionally, the polyester may contain thermally reactive minerals that allow the fibers to absorb and store electromagnetic emissions or energy from the human body, and then release them back into the body as heat.

[0142] "Thermoreactive minerals" refer to natural minerals, such as volcanic minerals with microscopic dimensions, that are activated when in contact with body heat and convert dissipated energy into infrared radiation.

[0143] Specifically, these fibers reflect far-infrared rays and are therefore also known as "FIR," derived from the English "Far Infrared."

[0144] In this way, infrared radiation acts as a catalyst for natural biological processes, promoting increased oxygen levels in the microcirculation and maintaining a more balanced temperature during physical activity.

[0145] Some of the commercial names for these fibers are Celliant® and Lavatech.

[0146] In addition, meta-aramid is a high-performance synthetic fiber belonging to the aromatic polyamide family.

[0147] This fiber is known for its high heat resistance, inherent flame retardancy, and chemical resistance, making it an ideal choice for applications in extreme environments.

[0148] In addition, this fiber has high resistance to solvents, acids and alkalis, and excellent resistance to atmospheric media and UV radiation. It also has a lower tendency to degrade compared to other synthetic fibers.

[0149] Modified acrylic fibers, also known as modal fibers, also have properties similar to meta-aramid fibers, although they are inferior.

[0150] Furthermore, PLA, or polylactic acid, is a polymer obtained from renewable resources such as corn, sugarcane, and beetroot. Its distinguishing features include biodegradability, mechanical strength, and environmental compatibility.

[0151] Advantageously, PLA production generates less CO2 emissions than conventional polymers such as polyester.

[0152] In addition, polylactic acid can be naturally degraded under industrial composting conditions, transforming into water, carbon dioxide, and biomass.

[0153] When PLA is in the form of textile fibers, it is lightweight and breathable, with effects similar to silk fibers, but it does not absorb moisture easily, promotes quick drying, and has better perspiration management performance than other fibers.

[0154] It also has natural antibacterial properties, which can reduce the growth of microorganisms and unpleasant odors.

[0155] The combination of the above material properties makes the first layer 110 suitable for maintaining good condition, promoting sweat evaporation and evenly distributing heat.

[0156] Advantageously, the second fiber is selectively selected from a group of fibers including cellulose-based fibers, polylactic acid, silk fibers and hair of various animals, or mixtures thereof, wherein the cellulose-based fibers are such as hemp and cotton, flax or flax fibers, and bamboo fibers, and the animals are such as camels, yaks, sheep, goats, alpacas, and Angora rabbits.

[0157] More specifically, the second fiber may consist of only one of the materials just introduced, or a mixture of these materials in various proportions, some of which are shown as examples in the following table and described in more detail in the following paragraphs.

[0158] As previously mentioned, a certain amount of bicomponent polymer chopped fibers with low melting points is added to these second fibers, typically in proportions between 10% and 25% of the weight of the single layer, as illustrated again in more detail in the table below.

[0159]

[0160] Note: The values ​​shown represent the weight percentage of a specific material in the total weight of the second layer (120).

[0161] Each material used in a particular embodiment of the second layer 120 is selected based on certain properties.

[0162] For example, wool is a sustainable material for both the environment and animals because shearing or combing animal hair is beneficial to the animals themselves, and it also brings income to farmers by adding value to materials that would otherwise become waste.

[0163] Specifically, in addition to environmental factors, wool in clothing also has the following main characteristics: - Comfortable, because the warmth of wool creates a comfortable and pleasant feeling; - Humidity regulation, because wool has the inherent ability to absorb moisture, thus keeping the body warm and dry; - Insulation properties, because the fibers have a high heat generation and heat retention capacity; the clothing tends to keep you warm even when physical activity stops.

[0164] In addition, the fibers made from hemp are hollow and moisture-wicking, a combination of properties that makes the material breathable and insulating, ideal for keeping warm in winter and cool in summer.

[0165] Specifically, cellulose-based fibers are plant-derived textile fibers derived from cellulose, the main component of plant cell walls.

[0166] The most common types are cotton and linen, which are highly breathable and absorbent.

[0167] Advantageously, the first layer 110 comprises between 10% and 25% of bicomponent polymer chopped fibers having a low-melting-point outer layer, by weight percentage relative to the first layer 110.

[0168] Specifically, the second layer 120 comprises between 10% and 25% of bicomponent polymer chopped fibers having a low-melting-point outer layer, by weight percentage relative to the second layer 120.

[0169] Indicatively, the bicomponent fibers can be PLA / PLA or PET / CoPET type.

[0170] PLA / PLA type fibers have a high-melting-point PLA core layer with a melting point of about 160°C and a low-melting-point coating made of PLA with a melting point of about 130°C.

[0171] PET / CoPET type fibers have a high melting point PET core layer with a melting point of about 250°C and a low melting point CoPET coating with a melting point of about 110°C.

[0172] In addition, the first layer 110 may comprise between 30% and 45% polyester chopped fibers containing thermally reactive minerals, by weight percentage relative to the first layer 110.

[0173] Additionally, the second layer 120 may comprise between 20% and 80% of chopped polyester fibers containing thermally reactive minerals, by weight percentage relative to the second layer 120.

[0174] More specifically, the lining (imbottitura) 100 comprises siliconized conjugated hollow polyester with a linear density between 2.2 dtex and 4.4 dtex.

[0175] Advantageously, the lining 100 comprises bicomponent polymer chopped fibers having a low-melting-point outer layer with a linear density between 2.2 dtex and 4.4 dtex.

[0176] Typically, the fibers including the lining 100 have a linear density that is substantially between 1 dtex and 6 dtex.

[0177] Fibers such as polyester fibers, siliconized conjugated hollow polyester fibers, and bicomponent polymer chopped fibers have a linear density preferably between 2.2 dtex and 4.4 dtex.

[0178] In addition, fibers such as polypropylene have a linear density preferably between 1.4 dtex and 2.2 dtex.

[0179] In addition, fibers such as polyacrylates have a linear density preferably between 2.8 dtex and 4.4 dtex.

[0180] In addition, fibers such as meta-aramid have a linear density preferably between 1.4 dtex and 4.4 dtex.

[0181] Finally, polyester fibers have different preferred linear densities depending on their properties.

[0182] For virgin, recycled, or other polyesters, a density between 1.4 dtex and 4.4 dtex is preferred; for flame-retardant polyesters, a density between 3.3 dtex and 6 dtex is preferred; for silicone-treated polyesters, a density between 0.9 dtex and 6 dtex is preferred; and for polyesters containing minerals, a density between 1.4 dtex and 6 dtex is preferred.

[0183] The function of the improved thermal insulation lining is clear from the above description.

[0184] For clarity, see reference Figure 11 Reference numeral 140 indicates water vapor escaping from lining 100; reference numeral 150 indicates water molecules condensed and absorbed by polyacrylate fibers; and reference numeral 160 indicates a circle schematically representing the heat released by polyacrylate fibers during condensation and absorption of water vapor.

[0185] In fact, it has been found that the present invention achieves the intended purpose and objectives.

[0186] Specifically, the present invention develops an improved thermal insulation lining that, thanks to its two-layer structure, can both transfer moisture to the outside and retain heat more effectively than conventional thermal insulation linings.

[0187] In fact, the first layer absorbs the moisture produced by the user's sweat.

[0188] Furthermore, due to the inherent properties of some of the fibers constituting the first layer, some embodiments of the first layer have the characteristic of releasing heat during water vapor condensation on the surface of these fibers.

[0189] Furthermore, the second layer, which is adjacent to and in contact with the first layer, promotes vapor dissipation while preventing heat from being released into the external environment due to the low thermal conductivity of the fibers used in it.

[0190] This invention develops an improved thermal lining that is lightweight and easy to integrate into technical garments such as jackets and sweaters, as well as other body coverings such as sleeping bags.

[0191] For example, the method for manufacturing linings according to the present invention has been used to manufacture linings with extremely low density (as low as 20 to 80 grams per square meter).

[0192] One advantage of the present invention is that the two layers of the lining have complementary properties, thereby enabling the manufacture of so-called "double-sided" or reversible garments, which may be suitable for different climatic conditions depending on which layer is selectively oriented outwards.

[0193] In fact, the different characteristics between the first and second layers allow for two different usage patterns.

[0194] By positioning the first layer toward the user's body, temperature-regulating fibers are placed between the user and the second layer.

[0195] The first layer may contain, for example, fibers that promote the recovery of heat lost through perspiration, as specified more specifically above.

[0196] The heat recovered in this way is kept closer to the user more efficiently due to the insulation properties of the second layer.

[0197] By positioning the second layer towards the user's body, most of the effect of the temperature-regulating fibers in the first layer dissipates to the external environment, thereby reducing the garment's insulation properties.

[0198] It is anticipated that the present invention is readily subject to numerous modifications and variations, all of which fall within the scope of the inventive concept; furthermore, all details can be replaced by other technically equivalent elements.

[0199] In fact, the materials used, as well as the size and shape, can be any materials, size, and shape, depending on the needs and existing technology.

[0200] Where any feature or technique mentioned in a claim is followed by a reference numeral, the sole purpose of adding such reference numerals is to increase the comprehensibility of the claim, and therefore, such reference numerals do not limit the interpretation of each element identified by these reference numerals by way of example.

Claims

1. A method for providing lining (100), characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: – The fibers constituting the first layer (110) are mixed with bicomponent polymer chopped fibers having a low melting point outer layer to obtain a first mixed product (A). – The fibers constituting the second layer (120) are mixed with bicomponent polymer chopped fibers having a low melting point outer layer to obtain a second mixed product (AA). – Lay out the first mixture (A) to form a first fiber mat (B); – Lay out the second mixture (AA) to form a second fiber pad (BB); – Comb the first pad (B) to obtain a uniformly mixed and combed first stack (C); – Comb the second pad (BB) to obtain a uniformly mixed and combed second stack (CC); – Stack the first layer (C) and the second layer (CC) to obtain a primary semi-finished product (D); – The primary semi-finished product (D) is thermally bonded by melting and fusing at least the outer portion of the bicomponent polymer chopped fibers together to form the lining (100).

2. A method for providing lining (100), characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: – The fibers constituting the first layer (110) are mixed with bicomponent polymer chopped fibers having a low melting point outer layer to obtain a first mixed product (A'). – The fibers constituting the second layer (120) are mixed with bicomponent polymer chopped fibers having a low melting point outer layer to obtain a second mixed product (AA'). – Lay out the first mixture (A') to form a first fiber mat (B'); – Lay out the second mixture (AA') to form a second fiber pad (BB'); – Comb the first pad (B') to obtain a uniformly mixed and combed first stack (C'); – Comb the second pad (BB') to obtain a uniformly mixed and combed second stack (CC'); – Stack the first layer (C') and the second layer (CC') to obtain a primary semi-finished product (D'); – Stretch the primary semi-finished product (D') to form the secondary semi-finished product (F'); – The secondary semi-finished product (F') is thermally bonded by melting and fusing at least the outer portion of the bicomponent polymer chopped fibers together to form the lining (100).

3. A method for providing lining (100), characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: – The fibers constituting the first layer (110) are mixed with bicomponent polymer chopped fibers having a low melting point outer layer to obtain a first mixed product (A''). – The fibers constituting the second layer (120) are mixed with bicomponent polymer chopped fibers having a low melting point outer layer to obtain a second mixed product (AA''). – Lay out the first mixture (A'') to form a first fiber mat (B''); – Lay out the second mixture (AA'') to form a second fiber pad (BB''); – Comb the first pad (B'') to obtain a uniformly mixed and combed first stack (C''); – Comb the second pad (BB'') to obtain a uniformly mixed and combed second stack (CC''); – Stack the first layer (C'') and the second layer (CC'') to obtain a primary semi-finished product (D''); – The primary semi-finished product (D'') is thermally bonded by melting and fusing at least the outer portion of the bicomponent polymer chopped fibers together to form a first bonded semi-finished product (E''). - The first bonded semi-finished product (E'') is calendered to form the lining (100).

4. A method for providing lining (100), characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: – The fibers constituting the first layer (110) are mixed with bicomponent polymer chopped fibers having a low melting point outer layer to obtain a first mixed product (A'''). – The fibers constituting the second layer (120) are mixed with bicomponent polymer chopped fibers having a low melting point outer layer to obtain a second mixed product (AA'''). – Lay out the first mixture (A''') to form a first fiber mat (B'''); – Lay out the second mixture (AA''') to form a second fiber mat (BB'''); – Comb the first pad (B''') to obtain a uniformly mixed and combed first layer (C'''); – Comb the second pad (BB''') to obtain a uniformly mixed and combed second stack (CC'''); – Stack the first layer (C''') and the second layer (CC''') to obtain the primary semi-finished product (D'''); – Stretch the primary semi-finished product (D''') to form the secondary semi-finished product (F'''); – The secondary semi-finished product (F''') is thermally bonded by melting and fusing at least the outer portion of the bicomponent polymer chopped fibers together to form a second bonded semi-finished product (E'''). - The second bonded semi-finished product (E''') is calendered to form the lining (100).

5. An improved thermal lining (100), particularly for technical clothing used in outdoor activities, said lining comprising two layers (110, 120) overlapping and in contact with each other substantially over their entire length, characterized in that, The lining material includes: – The first layer (110) contains a first fiber with temperature-regulating properties; - The second layer (120) comprises a second fiber having heat-insulating and / or breathable properties, the second fiber being different from the first fiber. The first layer (110) is mixed with bicomponent polymer chopped fibers having a low-melting-point outer layer. The second layer (120) is mixed with bicomponent polymer chopped fibers having a low-melting-point outer layer. The lining (100) is fused and welded at least on the outside of the bicomponent polymer chopped fibers.

6. The lining (100) according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first fiber is selectively selected from a group of fibers including graphene, filament fibers, polypropylene, polyacrylate, meta-aramid, polyester, polylactic acid and fibers bonded to mineral substances, or mixtures thereof.

7. The lining (100) according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, The second fiber is selectively selected from a group of fibers including cellulose-based fibers, polylactic acid, silk fibers and hair from a variety of animals, or mixtures thereof, wherein the cellulose-based fibers include hemp and cotton, flax or flax fibers, and bamboo fibers, and the animals include camels, yaks, sheep, goats, alpacas, and Angora rabbits.

8. The lining (100) according to one or more of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that, The first layer (110) comprises between 10% and 25% of bicomponent polymer chopped fibers having a low-melting-point outer layer, by weight percentage relative to the first layer (110).

9. The lining (100) according to one or more of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that, The first layer (110) comprises between 30% and 45% polyester chopped fibers containing thermally reactive minerals, by weight percentage relative to the first layer (110).

10. The lining (100) according to one or more of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that, The second layer (120) comprises between 10% and 25% of bicomponent polymer chopped fibers having a low-melting-point outer layer, by weight percentage relative to the second layer (120).

11. The lining (100) according to one or more of claims 5 to 10, characterized in that, The second layer (120) comprises between 20% and 80% polyester chopped fibers containing thermally reactive minerals, by weight percentage relative to the second layer (120).

12. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, wherein, The first fiber is selectively selected from a group comprising graphene, filament fibers, polypropylene, polyacrylate, meta-aramid, polyester, polylactic acid, and fibers bonded to mineral substances, or mixtures thereof; and / or wherein, The second fiber is selectively selected from a group of fibers including cellulose-based fibers, polylactic acid, silk fibers and hair from a variety of animals, or mixtures thereof, wherein the cellulose-based fibers include hemp and cotton, flax or flax fibers and bamboo fibers, and the animals include camels, yaks, sheep, goats, alpacas, and Angora rabbits.

13. The method according to claims 1 to 4 or one or more of claim 12, wherein, The bicomponent polymer chopped fibers having a low-melting-point outer layer in the first layer (110) constitute between 10% and 25% by weight percentage relative to the first layer (110); and / or wherein, The polyester chopped fibers containing thermally reactive minerals in the first layer (110) are between 30% and 45% by weight percentage relative to the first layer (110).

14. The method according to claims 1 to 4 or one or more of claims 12 to 13, wherein, The bicomponent polymer chopped fibers having a low-melting-point outer layer in the second layer (120) are between 10% and 25% by weight percentage relative to the second layer (120); and / or wherein, The polyester chopped fibers containing thermally reactive minerals in the second layer (120) are between 20% and 80% by weight percentage relative to the second layer (120).

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