Electric two-wheeled vehicle on-board lithium battery dynamic balancing energy storage management method and system

Abstract

The application discloses a dynamic balancing energy storage management and control method and system for an electric two-wheeled vehicle, and particularly relates to the technical field of electric vehicle charging control, which comprises the following steps: obtaining a package end current code stored by a vehicle-mounted BMS according to a sampling number after a charging device is connected, integrating the sampling step length with the package end current code to generate a charge code, and connecting a single cell voltage sampling code with a temperature sampling code according to the sampling number to generate a single cell state word, and outputting a charging synchronization sequence; driving a vehicle-mounted charging switch to be short-circuited and then opened in the charging synchronization sequence, performing a post-bit minus pre-bit operation on the package end current code after the short-circuiting and opening, writing the first sampling number of the sign of the difference from positive to zero or negative as a recovery bit, and outputting a device recovery string; identifying a recovery boundary of the charging device through the short-circuiting and opening, and generating a current balance window by using a particle swarm algorithm within the recovery boundary, so that the vehicle-mounted BMS converts a recovery process of the charging device into a control period available for single cell dynamic balancing under the condition that the charging device only supports integral package output.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electric vehicle charging control technology, and more specifically, to a method and system for dynamic equalization energy storage management of on-board lithium batteries in electric two-wheeled vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] In the current on-board lithium battery charging management of electric two-wheelers, the common approach is to use an external charger or charging compartment to complete constant current charging, constant voltage replenishment and current limiting protection based on the overall battery voltage and current. The on-board BMS simultaneously collects the individual cell voltage, individual cell temperature and overall battery current. When the individual cell voltage difference expands to the equilibrium condition, the corresponding cell discharge or energy transfer is initiated to reduce the difference in charge between individual cells and avoid local overcharging. In scenarios where public slow charging in residential carports, charging in battery swapping cabinets, and charging with vehicle chargers are used interchangeably, most charging devices only have the capacity to output the entire pack. It is difficult for the vehicle to directly specify the charging current level, and it is also difficult to require the charging device to cooperate with a single unit to pause, reduce current, or resume output. The plug contact status, the charger's current limiting and recovery characteristics, and short-term charging behavior will also change the process of the entire pack current change. In this situation, the charging action of the whole pack and the balancing action of individual cells are difficult to coordinate. This manifests as the charging equipment continuing to charge the entire pack when the weak cells are close to the upper voltage limit, while the high voltage cells can only release energy through the balancing branch. This results in the following phenomena at the end of the charging process: extended charging time, concentrated temperature rise in the balancing branch, multiple drops in the whole pack current, and repeated widening of the individual cell voltage difference after multiple short-term charging. The root cause is that the vehicle BMS can only start balancing based on the individual cell status and cannot convert the current limiting, recovery, and protection boundaries of the charging equipment itself into control periods that are available for individual cell balancing. The technical problem this application aims to solve is: how to achieve dynamic balance control of vehicle-mounted lithium battery cells by utilizing the current limiting recovery boundary of the charging equipment, under the condition that the charging equipment only supports full-pack output and lacks fine communication. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To overcome the aforementioned deficiencies of the prior art, embodiments of the present invention provide a method and system for dynamic equalization energy storage management of onboard lithium batteries in electric two-wheeled vehicles. By identifying the recovery boundary of the charging equipment through short-circuit reconnection, and generating a current equalization window within the recovery boundary using a particle swarm optimization algorithm, the onboard BMS can transform the charging equipment recovery process into a control period where individual dynamic equalization is available, even when the charging equipment only supports full-pack output, thereby solving the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for dynamic equalization energy storage management of onboard lithium batteries in electric two-wheeled vehicles, comprising: S1. Obtain the package end current code latched by the vehicle BMS according to the sampling number after the charging equipment is connected. Integrate the package end current code with the sampling step size to generate the charge code. Generate the individual status word by combining the individual voltage sampling code with the sampling number and temperature sampling code, and output the charging synchronization sequence. S2. In the charging synchronization sequence, drive the on-board charging switch to short-circuit and then turn it back on. Perform the operation of subtracting the previous bit from the next bit on the current code of the package end after the switch is turned back on. Write the first sampling number whose difference sign changes from positive to zero or negative as the recovery bit and output the device recovery string. S3. The ancestor sampling particle filter processing device recovers the string, generates boundary particles with the recovery bit candidate code and ancestor number, shifts the recovery bit candidate code according to the number of short breaks, subtracts the read-back current code from the packet end current code corresponding to the recovery bit candidate code to obtain the current residual, updates the particle weight according to the reciprocal of the absolute value of the current residual, and writes back the ancestor number in descending order of particle weight, and outputs the recovered boundary. S4. Based on the recovery boundary, the particle swarm algorithm is executed. Window particles are generated from the flow start point within the recovery boundary. The action bits and holding steps of the equalization branch are pushed forward from the flow start point. The reserved particles are updated according to the voltage code difference reduction of the individual status word after the action and the result that the charged code is in the range of the minimum code to the full charge code. The voltage code difference reduction of the reserved particles in two adjacent rounds is the same, and the equalization window is output. S5. Drive the on-board charging switch according to the equalization window to form a current yielding period within the recovery boundary, and open the equalization branch during the current yielding period, so that the charging equipment can carry the single-cell equalization action during the reconnection and recovery process, and output the on-board lithium battery dynamic equalization energy storage control command.

[0005] In a preferred embodiment, S1 includes: S11. After the charging equipment is connected to the vehicle lithium battery, the vehicle BMS uses the charging equipment output confirmation bit as the first sampling number, latches the pack end current code according to the sampling number, writes the sampling number that is not latched into the pack end current code into the missing current bit, and outputs the pack end actual sampling sequence. Among them, the vehicle-mounted BMS refers to the battery management controller installed in the lithium battery pack of the electric two-wheeler. It connects the pack-end current sampling circuit, the individual cell voltage sampling circuit, the temperature sampling circuit, the vehicle-mounted charging switch, and the equalization branch. It is used to latch the pack-end data and individual cell data after the charging equipment is connected according to the sampling number. Pack current code refers to the digital quantity obtained by the pack current sampling circuit after performing analog-to-digital conversion on the total charging current flowing into the vehicle lithium battery during the output of the charging equipment. The current direction is positive when the charging equipment flows into the vehicle lithium battery. S12. For the packet end sampling sequence, multiply the time difference between adjacent sampling numbers by the packet end current code of the next sampling number to obtain the step charge code, and accumulate the step charge code and the starting charge code according to the sampling number to output the charge code sequence. The initial charge code refers to the digital quantity of the current state of charge read by the vehicle BMS at the time corresponding to the output confirmation bit of the charging device, which is used as the initial value for the step charge code accumulation calculation. S13. Under each sampling number of the charge code sequence, connect the individual voltage sampling code with the temperature sampling code of the same sampling number to generate an individual status word, and write the individual status word into the corresponding charge code position to output the charging synchronization sequence. The individual unit voltage sampling code refers to the digital quantity obtained by the individual unit voltage sampling circuit after performing analog-to-digital conversion on the terminal voltage of the corresponding individual unit or parallel group of individual units under a sampling number; Temperature sampling code refers to the digital temperature output by the temperature sampling circuit bound to the corresponding single unit or parallel unit group under the same sampling number; A single-unit status word refers to a data word formed by concatenating the single-unit voltage sampling code as the high-order field and the temperature sampling code as the low-order field under the same sampling number and single-unit number. It is used to read the single-unit voltage status and single-unit temperature status later.

[0006] In a preferred embodiment, S2 includes: S21. Read the position of the charge code in the range from the minimum code to the full charge code in the charging synchronization sequence, drive the on-board charging switch to switch from on to off and keep it for one sampling step before re-on, and output the short-disconnection re-on marker sequence. The minimum charge code refers to the lower limit digital quantity of the state of charge registered by the vehicle BMS in the battery pack parameter area. It uses the same counting scale as the charge code and is used to indicate the lower limit of the charge that the vehicle lithium battery still needs to retain when performing a short-circuit reconnection test. The full charge code refers to the upper limit of the state of charge registered by the vehicle BMS in the battery pack parameter area. It uses the same counting scale as the charge code and is used to indicate the upper limit of the charging capacity that the vehicle lithium battery is allowed to reach during the charging equipment connection. The pack end position refers to the whole pack side record bit in the charging synchronization sequence indexed by the sampling number. This record bit must be written with at least the pack end current code and charge code under the corresponding sampling number, which is used to locate the whole pack charging status before and after the on-board charging switch is short-circuited and then reconnected. S22. Starting from the reconnection sampling number in the short-circuit reconnection marker sequence, read the packet end current code, perform the operation of subtracting the previous bit from the next bit on the adjacent sampling number, and write the positive difference as rising, the zero difference as flat, and the negative difference as falling, and output the current difference symbol string. S23. Read the rising bit sequentially after the recirculation sampling number in the current difference symbol string, and write the sampling number corresponding to the first flat or falling bit that appears after the rising bit as the recovery bit. Then, write the packet end current code between the recirculation sampling number and the recovery bit, and output the device recovery string.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment, S3 includes: S31. Read the packet end current code between the reconnection sampling number and the end sampling number from the device recovery string, perform the operation of subtracting the previous bit from the next bit on adjacent sampling numbers, and write the sampling number whose difference sign changes from positive to zero or negative as the sign recovery bit, and output the recovery index segment; S32. Generate a candidate code for the recovery bit with each sample number in the recovery index segment, and write the sample number that generates the corresponding candidate code for the recovery bit as the ancestor number, so that the candidate code for the recovery bit and the ancestor number form a boundary particle, and output the boundary particle table. The process of generating recovery bit candidate codes is as follows: starting from the reconnection sampling number in the recovery index segment, read the sampling number one by one according to the sampling order, write the read sampling number itself into the recovery bit candidate code, and use the packet end current code under the same sampling number as the associated current code of the recovery bit candidate code; sampling numbers in the recovery index segment that have not been written with the packet end current code do not generate recovery bit candidate codes.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, S3 further includes: S33. For each boundary particle in the boundary particle table, shift the candidate code of the recovery bit backward according to the number of short-break steps of the on-board charging switch. When the shift result exceeds the sign recovery bit, backtrack from the sign recovery bit by the number of sampling steps that exceeded the result to obtain the predicted recovery bit and output the predicted particle table. The short-break step count refers to the number of sampling steps that the on-board charging switch goes through from the disconnection sampling number to the reconnection sampling number. It is obtained from the difference in sampling numbers between the disconnection marker and the reconnection marker in the short-break reconnection marker sequence and is used to determine the number of steps to shift the recovery bit candidate code backward. When maintaining one sampling step in S21, the short-break step count is written as one. S34. In the predicted particle table, read the packet current code corresponding to the predicted recovery bit, and subtract the readback current code under the same sampling number from the packet current code to obtain the current residual. Then, write the reciprocal of the absolute value of the current residual plus one as the particle weight, and output the weighted particle table. The readback current code refers to the digital quantity of the package end current that the vehicle BMS re-latches from the package end current sampling circuit under the same sampling number as the predicted recovery bit after the vehicle charging switch is turned on. It is used to generate the current residual by subtracting the package end current code corresponding to the predicted recovery bit in the device recovery string.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, S3 further includes: S35. Sort the weighted particle table from high to low according to the particle weights, and accumulate the sorted particle weights one by one to form a cumulative weight sequence. Then, write back the ancestor number according to the order in which the cumulative weight sequence covers the equidistant sampling positions, and output the write-back particle table. The sampling position refers to the equidistant reading position set on the cumulative weight sequence when the ancestor number is written back. The number of reading positions is the same as the number of boundary particles. The first reading position is located at the midpoint of the first weight interval, and the subsequent reading positions are sequentially increased by one weight interval. This is used to determine the ancestor number inherited by each new boundary particle. S36. Read the candidate code of the recovery bit ranked first in the particle weight of the write-back particle table, and perform the same number verification with the sign recovery bit. If the numbers are consistent, write the corresponding candidate code of the recovery bit into the recovery boundary. If the numbers are inconsistent, calculate the absolute value of the current residual corresponding to the candidate code of the recovery bit and the sign recovery bit respectively, and write the number of the lower absolute value of the current residual into the recovery boundary. S37. S33 to S36 constitute one round of recovery boundary update process. Repeat the process until the recovery boundary numbers written in two adjacent rounds are consistent and the ancestor numbers are consistent, or the number of repetitions reaches the number of sampling numbers in the device recovery string, and then output the recovery boundary.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, S4 includes: S41. Based on the recovery boundary, read the sampling number within the boundary, write each sampling number as the current-yielding start point, read the absolute value of the voltage code difference between adjacent single-cell numbers under the current-yielding start point and take the first digit in descending order of value, write the adjacent single-cell number corresponding to the first digit as the equalization branch action bit, and write the sampling step number from the current-yielding start point to the recovery boundary end as the holding step number, and generate a window particle table. The cell number refers to the unique serial number registered by the vehicle BMS according to the series connection order of the cell or parallel cell group in the vehicle lithium battery. The cell number corresponds one-to-one with the cell status word, the difference between adjacent voltage codes, and the operation bit of the equalization branch. Let the flow start point refer to the sampling number selected by the window particle within the recovery boundary. Starting from this sampling number, the vehicle charging switch is rewritten to limit the charging current input of the pack end, which is used to reserve a single-cell equalization period during the charging equipment recovery process. The recovery boundary endpoint refers to the sampling number in the recovery boundary that indicates the end of the charging equipment reconnection recovery process. It serves as the last boundary position that cannot be crossed when the current starting point is pushed forward to maintain the number of steps. S42. For each window particle in the window particle table, rewrite the on-board charging switch state starting from the current starting point in the copy sequence of the charging synchronization sequence, and continue to write the equalization branch open state according to the equalization branch action bit until the hold step is exhausted, and output the trial calculation sequence. The balanced branch open state refers to the write of the corresponding balanced branch action bit in the trial calculation sequence. After the vehicle BMS reads the conduction mark, it connects to the balanced branch with the corresponding unit number. The balanced branch without the conduction mark is kept closed. S43. Read the absolute value of the voltage code difference between adjacent individual numbers under the same sampling number before and after the action in the trial sequence, and write the cumulative difference of the difference before and after into the voltage code difference reduction amount. Then read the charge code of the trial sequence sample by sample, write the sampling number of the charge code that is less than the minimum code or greater than the full charge code into the out-of-bounds position, and output the particle evaluation word.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, S4 further includes: S44. Perform charge constraint projection on the particle evaluation word. When the out-of-bounds bit is empty and the current voltage code difference reduction is greater than or equal to the voltage code difference reduction of the individual retained particles in the previous round, replace the individual retained particles in the previous round with the particles in the current window. When the out-of-bounds bit is not empty or the current voltage code difference reduction is less than the voltage code difference reduction of the individual retained particles in the previous round, retain the individual retained particles in the previous round, and take the first bit in descending order of the voltage code difference reduction of the individual retained particles to generate the group retained particles, and output the retained particle table. Among them, the retained particles refer to the window particles that are retained in the iteration of the particle swarm algorithm. Individual retained particles are particles whose voltage code difference reduction has not decreased and whose charged code has not crossed the limit in the calculation of the same window particles in each round. Population retained particles are the particles with the largest voltage code difference reduction among all individual retained particles. S45. Update the window particles by retaining the particle table. Write the difference in sampling numbers from the current flow start point to the individual retained particles as the individual direction, and write the difference in sampling numbers from the current flow start point to the group retained particles as the group direction. When the directions are consistent, shift one sampling step in the consistent direction. When the directions are opposite, shift one sampling step in the group direction. When the shift exceeds the recovery boundary, write back the recovery boundary end position and output the updated particle table. S46. Update the particle table as the next round of window particle table, and repeat the window update process from S42 to S45 until the voltage code difference reduction of adjacent rounds of group retained particles is the same and the flow start point is the same, or the number of repetitions reaches the number of sampling numbers within the recovery boundary, and output the group retained particles. S47. Read the yielding starting point of the group retained particles, and push the equalization branch action position and holding step number according to the yielding starting point to generate the equalization window. The process of advancing the equalization branch action position and holding steps is as follows: Read the absolute value of the voltage code difference between adjacent single cell numbers under the same sampling number from the yielding starting point of the group retained particles, write the adjacent single cell number with the first absolute value of the voltage code difference as the equalization branch action position, and then count backward from the yielding starting point according to the sampling number to the recovery boundary position, and write the counted sampling steps as the holding steps.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, S5 includes: S51. Read the starting point of the current yielding process in the equalization window, align the starting point of the current yielding process with the sampling number within the recovery boundary, and rewrite the on-board charging switch state from on to current yielding according to the number of hold steps, and output the switch execution sequence. S52. Based on the switch execution sequence, read the action bits of the equalization branch, write the equalization branch on flag in the sampling number corresponding to the let flow, and write the equalization branch off flag in the sampling number where the holding step ends, and output the equalization execution sequence. S53. Drive the on-board charging switch and the balancing branch to operate according to the balancing execution sequence. Read the current code, charge code and individual cell status word after the operation. When it is confirmed that the charge code is in the range of minimum code to full charge code and the voltage code difference reduction is not lower than the corresponding result of the balancing window, output the on-board lithium battery dynamic balancing energy storage control command.

[0013] An onboard lithium battery dynamic balancing energy storage management system for electric two-wheeled vehicles, comprising a synchronous acquisition module, a reconnection identification module, a boundary filtering module, a window optimization module, and a balancing execution module: The synchronous acquisition module is used to acquire the package end current code latched by the vehicle BMS according to the sampling number after the charging equipment is connected. The package end current code is integrated with the sampling step size to generate the charge code, and the individual unit voltage sampling code is combined with the sampling number and temperature sampling code to generate the individual unit status word, and output the charging synchronization sequence. The reconnection identification module is used to drive the on-board charging switch to reconnect after a short interruption in the charging synchronization sequence. It performs a bit-by-bit operation on the current code of the package end after reconnection, writes the first sampling number whose difference sign changes from positive to zero or negative as the recovery bit, and outputs the device recovery string. The boundary filtering module is used to recover the string through the ancestor sampling particle filtering processing device, generate boundary particles with the recovered bit candidate code and ancestor number, shift the recovered bit candidate code according to the number of short breaks, subtract the read-back current code from the packet end current code corresponding to the recovered bit candidate code to obtain the current residual, update the particle weight according to the reciprocal of the absolute value of the current residual, and write back the ancestor number in descending order of particle weight to output the recovered boundary. The window optimization module uses a particle swarm optimization algorithm based on the recovery boundary. It generates window particles from the flow start point within the recovery boundary, and then pushes the action bits and holding steps of the equalization branch from the flow start point. The reserved particles are updated according to the voltage code difference reduction of the individual status word after the action and the result that the charged code is in the range of the minimum code to the full charge code, until the voltage code difference reduction of the reserved particles in two adjacent rounds is the same, and then the equalization window is output. The equalization execution module is used to drive the on-board charging switch to form a current yielding period within the recovery boundary according to the equalization window, and to open the equalization branch during the current yielding period, so that the charging equipment can carry the single-cell equalization action during the reconnection and recovery process, and output the on-board lithium battery dynamic equalization energy storage management command.

[0014] The technical effects and advantages of this invention are as follows: 1. This solution obtains the charging equipment recovery trajectory by short-term reconnection and transforms the recovery boundary into a current equalization period, enabling the vehicle BMS to coordinate the charging of the entire pack and the equalization of individual cells under the condition of lack of fine communication, thereby alleviating the problem of equalization lag at the end of the charging process. 2. Unify the current code, charge code, and individual status word of the package end under the sampling number, so that the charging change of the whole package side and the status of the individual unit side participate in the calculation on the same time base, reducing data misalignment in recovery boundary identification and equalization window trial calculation; 3. Ancestor sampling particle filtering is performed on the equipment recovery string. Candidate translation, readback current weighting and ancestor number write-back are used to determine the recovery boundary, which reduces the boundary misjudgment caused by plug contact changes and short-term power replenishment. 4. Run the particle swarm optimization algorithm within the recovery boundary to search for the starting point of the flow, the action bit of the equalization branch, and the number of hold steps. This makes the equalization window subject to the combined constraints of voltage code difference reduction and charge code interval, thereby improving the executability of the equalization action. 5. The on-board charging switch and equalization branch are controlled synchronously by equalization execution sequence, and the charge code and individual status word after the action are read back to confirm the result, so that the control command has the basis for execution verification and reduces the risk of invalid current transfer or out-of-bounds equalization. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a roadmap for the energy storage management technology of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the mechanism of the method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] Refer to the instruction manual appendix Figure 1-2 The present invention provides a method for dynamic equalization energy storage management of onboard lithium batteries in electric two-wheeled vehicles, comprising: S1. Obtain the package end current code latched by the vehicle BMS according to the sampling number after the charging equipment is connected. Integrate the package end current code with the sampling step size to generate the charge code. Generate the individual status word by combining the individual voltage sampling code with the sampling number and temperature sampling code, and output the charging synchronization sequence. After the charging equipment is connected to the vehicle lithium battery, the vehicle BMS first establishes a sampling number index so that the pack end current code, the charge code converted from the pack end current code, and the individual cell status word on the individual cell side enter the same time base. This implementation process uses the charging device's output confirmation bit as the first sampling bit, and completes the entire package current latching, energy integration, and individual unit status connection according to the sampling number, ultimately forming a charging synchronization sequence for S2 to read. This implementation process includes the following steps: After the charging interface access signal triggers the vehicle BMS to start the sampling clock, the pack end current sampling circuit starts to output the digital quantity of the entire pack charging current. The vehicle BMS searches for the first sampling number in the sampling number sequence where the pack end current code changes from zero to positive, and writes this sampling number as the charging device output confirmation bit. When the first sampling number after the charging interface is connected has been latched as the positive current code, the vehicle BMS directly writes the sampling number corresponding to the first positive current code as the charging device output confirmation bit, as the first sampling bit of S11. Subsequently, the vehicle-mounted BMS latches the pack end current code according to the sampling number, starting from the confirmation bit output by the charging device. The pack end current code is a digital quantity obtained by the pack end current sampling circuit after performing analog-to-digital conversion on the total charging current flowing into the vehicle-mounted lithium battery. The current direction is positive when the charging device flows into the vehicle-mounted lithium battery. When the current code at the packet end is not latched under the sampling number, the vehicle-mounted BMS writes the corresponding sampling number into the missing current bit, while retaining the position of the corresponding sampling number in the sequence, and outputs the actual sampling sequence at the packet end for S12 to read; After the packet-end sampling sequence obtained from S11 enters S12, the vehicle-mounted BMS calculates the charging power corresponding to each sampling step according to the time difference between adjacent sampling numbers. The specific processing involves: reading the time difference between adjacent sampling numbers, the current code at the end of the next sampling number, the start charge code at the time corresponding to the output confirmation bit of the charging device, and the rated battery capacity registered by the vehicle BMS. Multiply the time difference between adjacent sampling numbers by the current code of the next sampling number to obtain the step power code. Then, convert the step power code into a charge increment code according to the battery rated capacity. Starting from the initial charge code, the charge increment code is accumulated bit by bit according to the sampling number, and the charge code sequence is output for S13 to read. When a current-deficient bit is encountered, the vehicle-mounted BMS reads the current code of the previous valid packet end before the current-deficient bit and participates in a step-by-step charge code calculation, and synchronously writes the current-deficient bit into the abnormal sampling record, so that the charge code sequence retains the same sampling number sequence as the actual sampling sequence at the packet end. After the charge code sequence is written, S13 embeds the sampled data of the individual cell side into the corresponding charge code position, so that the subsequent recovery boundary identification and equalization window calculation can read the individual cell state under the same sampling number. The vehicle-mounted BMS reads the individual unit voltage sampling code and temperature sampling code according to the sampling number and the individual unit number. The individual unit voltage sampling code is the digital quantity after analog-to-digital conversion of the terminal voltage of the individual unit or parallel unit group, and the temperature sampling code is the temperature digital quantity bound to the same individual unit or parallel unit group. Subsequently, the vehicle-mounted BMS uses the individual cell voltage sampling code as the high-order field and the temperature sampling code under the same sampling number as the low-order field to form the individual cell status word, and writes the individual cell status word into the corresponding charge code position, and outputs the charging synchronization sequence for S2 to read. When a single-unit voltage sampling code or temperature sampling code is missing under the same sampling number, the vehicle-mounted BMS retains the sampling number and charge code position, and writes the corresponding missing mark into the single-unit status word for subsequent steps to exclude the equalization window evaluation of the corresponding sampling number. Through the above processing, the charging synchronization sequence uniformly carries the current code, charge code and individual status word of the package end with the sampling number. The subsequent short-circuit reconnection can read the current change of the whole package side. The ancestor sampling particle filter can read the device recovery string. The particle swarm algorithm can calculate the voltage code difference reduction and verify the charge code interval under the same sampling number. In practical applications: After an electric two-wheeler is connected to a public slow charging socket, the vehicle-mounted BMS detects that the current code at the charging terminal changes from zero to positive and generates a charging equipment output confirmation bit. Then, it latches the current code at the charging terminal according to the sampling clock. When sampling is missing, it writes the missing current bit and completes one power integration using the previous valid current code at the charging terminal. Then, it concatenates the voltage and temperature digital values ​​under each individual unit number to form an individual unit status word, and finally forms a charging synchronization sequence, which is used to judge the charging equipment recovery process after the vehicle-mounted charging switch is short-circuited and then reconnected.

[0018] S2. In the charging synchronization sequence, drive the on-board charging switch to short-circuit and then turn it back on. Perform the operation of subtracting the previous bit from the next bit on the current code of the package end after the switch is turned back on. Write the first sampling number whose difference sign changes from positive to zero or negative as the recovery bit and output the device recovery string. To enable the vehicle-mounted BMS to identify the reconnection and recovery process on charging equipment lacking fine communication, S2 first uses the charge code in the charging synchronization sequence to limit the executable range of short-circuit reconnection attempts, then compresses the changes in the packet end current code after reconnection into rising, level, and falling bits, and finally extracts the equipment recovery string from the turning point of the current change. This process directly serves subsequent ancestor sampling particle filtering, enabling boundary recovery to be independent of the charging device actively reporting its internal state. The implementation process includes the following steps: When selecting the short-circuit reconnection time point, the vehicle-mounted BMS first reads the package end position in the charging synchronization sequence according to the sampling number. The package end position is the whole package side record bit where the package end current code and charge code are written under the same sampling number. S21 reads the charge code in the packet end position and compares the charge code with the safety code and the full charge code using the same counting scale. When the charge code is equal to the safety code, between the safety code and the full charge code, or equal to the full charge code, it is considered as the result within the interval that allows short-term interruption reconnection attempts. The minimum charge code comes from the upper limit digital value of the state of charge registered in the battery pack parameter area of ​​the vehicle BMS, and the full charge code comes from the upper limit digital value of the state of charge registered in the battery pack parameter area of ​​the vehicle BMS. The vehicle-mounted BMS drives the vehicle-mounted charging switch from on to off at the end position of the interval, writes the sampling number of the switch from on to off into the off marker, and drives the vehicle-mounted charging switch to be turned on again with the sampling number after the off marker, writes the sampling number corresponding to the re-on marker into the re-on marker, and outputs the short-term re-on marker sequence. If the charge code is lower than the minimum code or higher than the full charge code, the vehicle BMS will not perform a short-term reconnection test and will write the corresponding packet end position into the prohibited test record. After reconnection, the change in the current at the terminal is converted into a current difference symbol string by S22, so that the sign transition can replace the direct reading of the internal recovery state of the charging device; The input quantities are the short-circuit reconnection marker sequence, the reconnection sampling number, and the packet end current code after the reconnection sampling number in the charging synchronization sequence. The vehicle BMS reads the packet end current code starting from the reconnection sampling number and reads it sequentially according to the sampling number. It performs the operation of subtracting the previous bit from the next bit on adjacent sampling numbers to obtain the difference between adjacent packet end current codes. When the difference is positive, the next sampling number is written as an ascending bit; when the difference is zero, the next sampling number is written as a flat bit; when the difference is negative, the next sampling number is written as a descending bit. The output current difference sign string is used for S23 to read. If the next sampling number in an adjacent sampling number is missing the packet end current code, the vehicle-mounted BMS skips the calculation of the difference between the adjacent sampling numbers and writes the sampling number that is missing the packet end current code into the missing sign bit, so that the current difference sign string retains the sampling number order relationship. The device recovery string is generated in S23 along the current difference symbol string sequence, and is used to extract the packet end current code between the reconnection and recovery transition of the charging device. The vehicle-mounted BMS starts reading the current difference symbol string after the reconnection sampling number. It first searches for the rising bit in sequence, then writes the sampling number corresponding to the first occurrence of the flat or falling bit after the rising bit as the recovery bit, and writes the packet end current code between the reconnection sampling number and the recovery bit in sequence according to the sampling number, and outputs the device recovery string. If no up-bit is read after the reconnection sampling number, the vehicle BMS writes the reconnection sampling number as the recovery bit and writes the packet end current code under the reconnection sampling number into the device recovery string. If the rising bit has been read but the flat or falling bit has not been read by the end of the serial sampling number, the vehicle BMS writes the end of the serial sampling number as the recovery bit and writes the packet end current code between the reconnection sampling number and the end of the serial sampling number into the device recovery string. When encountering a missing symbol bit, the vehicle BMS retains the sampling number corresponding to the missing symbol bit and does not treat the missing symbol bit as a recovery bit; After the above processing, the short-circuit reconnection marker sequence records the on-board charging switch's probing action on the charging device, the current difference symbol string records the rise, leveling, and fall of the current code at the package end after reconnection, and the device recovery string retains the calculable current trajectory between the reconnection sampling number and the recovery bit. Subsequently, S3 can identify the recovery boundary based on the device recovery string. In practical applications: After an electric two-wheeled vehicle is connected to a public slow charging device, the vehicle's BMS detects that the charge code is within the range of the minimum charge code to the full charge code. After disconnecting the vehicle's charging switch for one sampling step at a certain end position, it is reconnected. Then, the current code of the reconnected end is read and the rising, flat, and falling bits are generated. When the current code of the end position changes from rising to flat, the sampling number corresponding to the flat position is written as the recovery bit, and the current code of the end position between the reconnection sampling number and the recovery bit is extracted to form the device recovery string.

[0019] S3. The ancestor sampling particle filter processing device recovers the string, generates boundary particles with the recovery bit candidate code and ancestor number, shifts the recovery bit candidate code according to the number of short breaks, subtracts the read-back current code from the packet end current code corresponding to the recovery bit candidate code to obtain the current residual, updates the particle weight according to the reciprocal of the absolute value of the current residual, and writes back the ancestor number in descending order of particle weight, and outputs the recovered boundary. In this embodiment, the vehicle-mounted BMS converts the device recovery string into a recovery boundary that can be read by S4, in order to determine the recovery trajectory of the charging device after it is reconnected. During processing, the sign recovery bit is first obtained from the difference sign of the current code at the end of the package. Then, the valid sample number in the recovery index segment is expanded into a boundary particle with an ancestor number. Through short-break step correction, current code weighting, ancestor number writing back, and same number verification, the recovery boundary is made to fall on the sample number at the end of the charging equipment reconnection recovery process. Wherein, the recovery bit is the initial recovery position obtained in S23, the symbol recovery bit is the sign transition position of the packet end current code difference, the prediction recovery bit is the sampling position of the candidate code of the recovery bit after short break step translation, and the recovery boundary is the final sampling position for S4 to read. The processing flow of this embodiment includes the following steps: When the device recovery string is read, the vehicle-mounted BMS retains the original sampling sequence from the reconnection sampling number to the end sampling number, and reads the packet end current code bit by bit. When adjacent sampling numbers are both written with packet end current code, the current difference is obtained by subtracting the packet end current code of the previous sampling number from the packet end current code of the later sampling number. The sampling number whose sign changes from positive to zero or negative is written as the sign recovery bit. This process corresponds to S31. The reconnection sampling number, sign recovery bit, tail sampling number, and corresponding packet current code are written into the recovery index segment; when only the reconnection sampling number has a valid packet current code in the device recovery string, the reconnection sampling number is written as the sign recovery bit; when the sign change has not occurred after reading the tail sampling number, the tail sampling number is written as the sign recovery bit. After the index segment is restored, the source of the candidate boundary is limited to the sampling number containing the packet end current code; the vehicle-mounted BMS reads the valid sampling number according to the sampling order starting from the reconnection sampling number; The valid sampling number itself is written into the recovery bit candidate code, and the packet end current code under the same sampling number is written as the associated current code. The sampling number that generates the recovery bit candidate code is synchronously written as the ancestor number. The recovery bit candidate code and the ancestor number form a boundary particle and are written into the boundary particle table. S32 is completed in the candidate generation process. If the sampling number for which the packet end current code is not written in the recovery index segment is not used to generate a recovery bit candidate code, and there is no valid packet end current code in the recovery index segment, the on-board BMS stops the ancestor sampling particle filtering and writes the recovery bit obtained in S23 into the recovery boundary. The short-break step count is used to correct the sampling displacement caused by the short-break reconnection action. The vehicle-mounted BMS reads the disconnection and reconnection markers from the short-break reconnection marker sequence, and subtracts the sampling number corresponding to the disconnection marker from the sampling number corresponding to the reconnection marker to obtain the short-break step count. When S21 maintains one sampling step, the short-break step count is written as one. When correcting the position of each particle in the boundary particle table, S33 is executed. The vehicle-mounted BMS shifts the recovery bit candidate code backward by the number of short steps. If the shifted sample number does not exceed the sign recovery bit, it is written as the prediction recovery bit. If the shifted sample number exceeds the sign recovery bit, it is written as the prediction recovery bit after backtracking from the sign recovery bit by the number of sampling steps. When the backtracked sampling number is earlier than the re-pass sampling number, the re-pass sampling number is written as the prediction recovery bit. After all boundary particles are processed, a prediction particle table is formed. The predicted recovery bit in the predicted particle table needs to be verified by the measured current after the on-board charging switch is turned on. After the on-board charging switch is turned on, the vehicle BMS will re-latch the digital value of the package end current from the package end current sampling circuit according to the sampling number corresponding to the predicted recovery bit, and write it as a readback current code. When entering the weighting process of S34, the vehicle BMS reads the packet end current code corresponding to the prediction recovery bit, subtracts the readback current code under the same sampling number from the packet end current code corresponding to the prediction recovery bit to obtain the current residual, and then writes the reciprocal of the absolute value of the current residual plus one as the particle weight, and outputs the weighted particle table. When the packet end current code corresponding to the predicted recovery bit is missing or the readback current code is missing, the particle weight of the corresponding boundary particle is written to zero, and the corresponding boundary particle is retained in the weighted particle table for ancestor number to write back and read. The particle weights in the weighted particle table are first converted into normalized weights and then used to determine the ancestor number inheritance order. The vehicle-mounted BMS accumulates all particle weights, divides each particle weight by the sum of all particle weights to obtain the normalized weight, and arranges the boundary particles in descending order of particle weight. Then, the normalized weights are accumulated item by item to generate a cumulative weight sequence. The cumulative weight sequence is set with equidistant sampling positions consistent with the number of boundary particles. The first sampling position is located at the midpoint of the first weight interval, and the subsequent sampling positions are sequentially increased by one weight interval. When the sampling position falls into the corresponding cumulative weight interval, the vehicle BMS writes back the ancestor number of the boundary particle corresponding to the cumulative weight interval to the new boundary particle. The ancestor number writing back process is S35. When all particle weights are zero, the vehicle-mounted BMS retains the original ancestor number according to the sampling order of the candidate code of the recovery bit; The particle table is written back while retaining the candidate code of the recovery bit, the predicted recovery bit, the particle weight and the ancestor number. After the vehicle BMS reads the boundary particle with the first particle weight, it performs a same number verification with the probability weighting result and the symbol recovery bit. When the recovery bit candidate code matches the symbol recovery bit number, S36 writes the corresponding recovery bit candidate code into the recovery boundary; When the candidate code for the recovery bit is inconsistent with the number of the symbol recovery bit, the on-board BMS reads the packet end current code corresponding to the candidate code for the recovery bit and the symbol recovery bit respectively, and subtracts the readback current code under the same sampling number to obtain two absolute values ​​of current residuals. The number with the lower absolute value of the current residual is written into the recovery boundary. When the absolute values ​​of two current residuals are the same, the number closest to the recirculation sampling number is written into the recovery boundary; the predicted recovery bit obtained after shifting the candidate recovery bit code by S33 is synchronously retained in the write-back particle table for tracing the source of the current residual; The recovery boundary update converges in rounds. The vehicle-mounted BMS treats the generation of predicted recovery bits, writing of particle weights, writing back of ancestor numbers and verification of recovery boundaries as one round of recovery boundary update process. After each round, S37 writes the round record, which includes the recovery boundary number and ancestor number arrangement for this round; The vehicle-mounted BMS compares the current round record with the previous round record. When the recovery boundary numbers of two adjacent rounds are the same and the ancestor numbers are in the same order, the update stops and the recovery boundary is output. When the number of repetitions reaches the number of sampling numbers in the device recovery string, the vehicle-mounted BMS outputs the recovery boundary written in the last round and writes the record that has reached the number of repetitions into the boundary calculation record, so that S4 can confirm the calculation source when reading the recovery boundary; After this implementation method is completed, the packet end current code in the device recovery string is converted into a symbol recovery bit and a recovery index segment. The valid sampling number in the recovery index segment is converted into a boundary particle. The boundary particle is obtained after short-break step translation, readback current code weighting, ancestor number write-back and same number verification. In practical applications: After an electric two-wheeled vehicle is connected to an external charging device that only supports full-pack output, the vehicle-mounted BMS obtains the device recovery string through short-circuit reconnection, writes the sampling number of the current code at the package end from rising to flat as the symbol recovery bit, and then generates boundary particles for each sampling number in the recovery index segment. Boundary particles with low current residuals are given higher particle weights and retained in the ancestor write-back. After multiple rounds of boundary restoration updates, the onboard BMS output is used by S4 to generate the restored boundary of the equalization window.

[0020] S4. Based on the recovery boundary, the particle swarm algorithm is executed. Window particles are generated from the flow start point within the recovery boundary. The action bits and holding steps of the equalization branch are pushed forward from the flow start point. The reserved particles are updated according to the voltage code difference reduction of the individual status word after the action and the result that the charged code is in the range of the minimum code to the full charge code. The voltage code difference reduction of the reserved particles in two adjacent rounds is the same, and the equalization window is output. The generation of the equalization window revolves around the recovery boundary. The vehicle-mounted BMS regards each sampling number within the recovery boundary as a candidate starting point for current yielding, and then uses the particle swarm algorithm to filter window particles under the two constraints of "reduction of individual voltage difference" and "charge code does not cross the boundary". This implementation first generates a window particle table, then calculates the on-board charging switch and equalization branch actions in the copy sequence, and then updates the individual retained particles and the group retained particles according to the particle evaluation word, finally obtaining an equalization window that can be executed by S5. The processing flow of this implementation includes the following steps: The recovery boundary provides the available sampling range for the charging equipment reconnection process. Within this range, the vehicle-mounted BMS reads the sampling numbers one by one and writes each sample number as the start point of the current flow. After the flow start point is determined, S41 is executed. The vehicle BMS reads the status words of two adjacent cells under the flow start point according to the cell number, extracts the voltage code from the two cell status words respectively, subtracts them and takes the absolute value to obtain the absolute value of the difference between the adjacent voltage codes. The absolute values ​​of multiple adjacent voltage code differences are arranged in descending order of value. When the values ​​are the same, they are read in the order of the first individual cell number. The adjacent cell number in the first position is written as the equalization branch action bit, and the sampling steps between the current release start point and the recovery boundary end point are written as the holding steps, and a window particle table is generated. When there is no valid sampling number within the recovery boundary, the vehicle-mounted BMS does not generate a window particle table and writes the recovery boundary calculation record into the equalization window anomaly record; The trial calculation requires retaining the original charging synchronization sequence. The vehicle BMS first copies the charging synchronization sequence to obtain a copied sequence. The copied sequence is only used to simulate the vehicle charging switch state and the equalization branch opening state, without rewriting the original charging synchronization sequence. When the window particles in the window particle table are read one by one, the corresponding processing of S42 begins to be executed. The vehicle BMS starts from the current yielding start point of the window particle, rewrites the vehicle charging switch state in the copy sequence from on to current yielding, and writes the equalization branch open state in the corresponding sampling number according to the equalization branch action bit. The equalization branch open state is the on flag bound to the equalization branch action bit. The conduction marker is continuously written until the hold step count is exhausted. The equalization branch without the conduction marker written remains closed. After all window particles have been calculated, the calculation sequence is output. If the flow start point or hold step count is missing, the vehicle BMS will write the corresponding window particles into the invalid window particle record. The particle evaluation word is used to determine whether the window particles simultaneously satisfy the equilibrium benefit and the charge interval constraint; when the vehicle BMS executes S43, it uses the charging synchronization sequence as the data source before the action and the trial calculation sequence as the data source after the action, and reads the absolute value of the voltage code difference between adjacent cells according to the same sampling number and the same cell number. The absolute values ​​of adjacent voltage code differences before and after the action are subtracted, and then accumulated according to the holding step range of the window particles to obtain the voltage code difference reduction amount. Simultaneously, the vehicle-mounted BMS reads the charge code from the trial sequence sample by sample. The sample number of the charge code that is less than the minimum code or greater than the full charge code is written into the out-of-bounds position. The minimum code and the full charge code come from the battery pack parameter area of ​​the vehicle-mounted BMS and use the same counting scale as the charge code. Finally, the particle evaluation word is output. If the status word of a certain sampling number has a missing marker, the sampling number will not participate in the accumulation of voltage code difference reduction and will be written into the evaluation missing record. After the particle evaluation word enters the charge constraint projection, the vehicle-mounted BMS first reads the out-of-bounds bit, and then reads the current voltage code difference reduction amount and the voltage code difference reduction amount of the individual retained particles in the previous round. The rule corresponding to S44 is: when the out-of-bounds bit is empty and the current voltage code difference reduction is greater than or equal to the voltage code difference reduction of the individual retained particles in the previous round, the individual retained particles in the previous round are replaced by the particles in the current window. When the out-of-bounds position is not empty, the vehicle-mounted BMS first shifts the starting point of the current window particle's flow to the direction of the recovery boundary position by one sampling step and re-evaluates. If there is still an out-of-bounds position after the re-evaluation, the individual retained particles from the previous round are retained. If the current voltage code difference reduction is less than the voltage code difference reduction of the individual retained particles in the previous round, the individual retained particles in the previous round will also be retained. All individual retained particles are sorted in descending order of voltage code difference reduction. When the voltage code difference reduction is the same, the individual retained particles whose flow start point is close to the repass sampling number are read, a group of retained particles are generated and the retained particle table is output. The next search direction for the window particles is given by the reserved particle table. The vehicle-mounted BMS reads the current yield point, the yield point of the individual reserved particles, and the yield point of the group of reserved particles, and calculates the sampling number difference sign. In S45, when the difference between the sampling number of the current flow starting point and the individual retained particle is positive, it is written as backward; when it is negative, it is written as forward; when it is zero, it is written as in-situ, thus obtaining the individual direction. The sampling number difference between the current flow starting point and the retained particles in the swarm is written as the swarm direction according to the same rule; when the individual direction and the swarm direction are both backward, both forward, or both in place, the window particles are translated by one sampling step in the same direction; When the individual direction is opposite to the group direction, the window particle shifts one sampling step along the group direction; when the group direction is in place, the window particle maintains the current flow starting point. When the translation exceeds the recovery boundary, the vehicle-mounted BMS will write the flow starting point back to the recovery boundary end and output an updated particle table. The iterative process needs to provide verifiable stopping results. The vehicle-mounted BMS uses the updated particle table as the next round of window particle table, and the generation of trial calculation sequence, particle evaluation word generation, retained particle table generation and updated particle table generation are regarded as a round of window update process. After each round of window update, S46 reads the voltage code difference reduction and yield start of the retained particles in the current round and compares them with the voltage code difference reduction and yield start of the retained particles in the previous round. When the voltage code difference reduction of adjacent two groups of retained particles is the same and the flow start point is the same, the vehicle BMS stops window updating and outputs the group retained particles. The number of repetitions begins to be counted after the first generation of the window particle table. When the number of repetitions reaches the number of sampled numbers within the recovery boundary, the vehicle-mounted BMS outputs the current population retained particles and writes the records that have reached the number of repetitions into the window calculation record. After the swarm retained particles are determined, the vehicle-mounted BMS reads the yield point from the swarm retained particles, and rereads the absolute value of the voltage code difference between adjacent individual cell numbers under the sampling number corresponding to the yield point. When S47 generates the equalization window, the vehicle BMS writes the adjacent cell number with the highest absolute value of the voltage code difference as the equalization branch action bit. When the values ​​are the same, they are read in the order of the cell number first. Then, starting from the current yielding point, the sampling number is counted backward to the recovery boundary position. The counted sampling steps are written as the holding steps. Write the flow start point, the equalization branch action position, and the hold step number into the equalization window so that the S5 can drive the on-board charging switch and the equalization branch to execute. The above processing transforms the sampling numbers within the recovery boundary from being used only as time positions to being converted into window particles in the particle swarm optimization algorithm, and obtains an equalization window under the constraints of charged code interval and voltage code difference reduction. The equalization window explicitly gives the flow start point, equalization branch action bit and hold step number, which can be directly connected to the execution process of S5. In practical applications: After the electric two-wheeled vehicle is connected to the public slow charging equipment, the vehicle-mounted BMS has obtained the recovery boundary by S3. Then, each sampling number within the recovery boundary is used as a candidate yielding start point, and the yielding and equalization branch conduction effects are calculated in the replication sequence. If a certain window particle reduces the voltage code difference between adjacent high-voltage cells while keeping the charge code within the range of minimum charge code to full charge code, the window particle generates an equalization window after individual retention and group retention, which is then used by the vehicle BMS to perform cell equalization during the charging equipment reconnection and recovery process.

[0021] S5. Drive the on-board charging switch according to the equalization window to form a current yielding period within the recovery boundary, and open the equalization branch during the current yielding period so that the charging equipment can carry the single-cell equalization action during the reconnection and recovery process, and output the on-board lithium battery dynamic equalization energy storage control command. The equalization window already provides the flow start point, equalization branch action bit, and hold step number. In this embodiment, the vehicle-mounted BMS converts these three types of fields into switch timing and equalization branch timing that can be directly sent out. The process involves first allowing the on-board charging switch to form a current-yielding period within the recovery boundary, then binding the balancing branch action bit to the conduction flag within the current-yielding period, and finally confirming whether the action meets the requirements for reducing the difference between the charge range and voltage code based on the package current code, charge code, and individual cell status word after execution. The processing flow of this implementation includes the following steps: After the equalization window is read by the vehicle BMS, the flow starting point is first aligned with the sampling number within the recovery boundary; When the sampling numbers are consistent, the vehicle BMS writes the switch state sequentially from the starting point of the current yielding step according to the number of holding steps, executes the switch rewriting process corresponding to S51, and rewrites the vehicle charging switch state from on to current yielding until the number of holding steps is exhausted, then stops writing the current yielding state and outputs the switch execution sequence. "Let Current" is the switch state where the vehicle BMS changes the vehicle charging switch from fully on to a state that limits the charging current input to the charging terminal. It is used to form a current margin that can be operated in the equalization branch during the charging equipment reconnection process. The "Let Current" control word comes from the vehicle BMS control parameter area and corresponds to the executable state of the vehicle charging switch. If the flow start point does not fall within the recovery boundary, or if the number of steps is maintained so that the flow period exceeds the recovery boundary end, the vehicle BMS will not output the switch execution sequence and will write the equalization window into the execution exception record for S4 to read when regenerating the equalization window; After the switch execution sequence determines the sampling number corresponding to the yield flow, the equalization branch action bit enters the branch timing writing process. The vehicle-mounted BMS reads the equalization branch action bits in the equalization window, and writes the equalization branch on flag bound to the equalization branch action bit into each let flow sampling number in the switch execution sequence. The sampling number at the end of the holding step is written into the equalization branch off flag corresponding to the same equalization branch action bit. S52 then outputs the equalization execution sequence. Both the balanced branch on and balanced branch off flags are bound to the same balanced branch action bit. The vehicle BMS only drives the balanced branch corresponding to the balanced branch action bit. Balanced branches that are not bound to a balanced branch action bit do not respond to the on and off flags. If the flow sampling number is not present in the switch execution sequence, or the equalization branch action bit fails to match the equalization branch registered by the vehicle BMS, the vehicle BMS terminates the equalization execution sequence writing and records the corresponding flow start point and equalization branch action bit. During the actual execution phase, the on-board charging switch and the equalization branch are driven by the equalization execution sequence. The on-board BMS issues the on-board charging switch current yield control word according to the sampling number sequence, and drives the equalization branch corresponding to the equalization branch action bit to conduct within the same current yield sampling number. When executing S53, the vehicle-mounted BMS reads the current code, charge code and cell status word after the action. It compares the charge code after the action with the minimum charge code and full charge code on the same counting scale, and reads the absolute value of the voltage code difference between adjacent cell numbers from the cell status word after the action, and calculates the reduction amount of voltage code difference after the action. When the charge code is within the range of minimum charge code to full charge code, and the reduction in voltage code difference after the action is not lower than the result corresponding to the equalization window, the vehicle BMS outputs the vehicle lithium battery dynamic equalization energy storage management command. When the failure is confirmed, the vehicle BMS does not output the vehicle lithium battery dynamic equalization energy storage management command, and writes back the package end current code, charge code and single cell status word after the action as the input for the next round of recovery boundary calculation and equalization window calculation. This implementation converts the yield start point, balance branch action bit, and hold step number in the balance window into a switch execution sequence and a balance execution sequence, so that the charging equipment reconnection and recovery process carries the vehicle lithium battery cell balance action; the package end current code, charge code, and cell status word after execution are used as confirmation basis to ensure that the output vehicle lithium battery dynamic balance energy storage control command corresponds to a verifiable yield balance result. In practical applications: After the vehicle BMS reads the current yielding start point within a certain recovery boundary from the equalization window, it rewrites the vehicle charging switch to the current yielding state starting from that current yielding start point, and opens the equalization branch corresponding to the equalization branch action bit within the same sampling number. When the number of steps ends, the corresponding equalization branch is closed. Then, the charge code and individual cell status word after the action are read. After confirming that the charge code has not exceeded the range from the minimum code to the full charge code and that the voltage code difference reduction has reached the result corresponding to the equalization window, the on-board lithium battery dynamic equalization energy storage control command is output.

[0022] exist Figure 1 and Figure 2 It should be noted that: Figure 1 This is a roadmap for energy storage management technology, which focuses on the overall technical route of this solution, from charging equipment access, vehicle-mounted BMS generating charging synchronization sequence, short-circuit reconnection forming equipment recovery string, ancestor sampling particle filtering to identify recovery boundary, particle swarm algorithm to generate equalization window, to vehicle-mounted charging switch and equalization branch executing and outputting vehicle-mounted lithium battery dynamic equalization energy storage management commands. Figure 2 The method flow diagram is shown, focusing on explaining the interaction mechanism between each step. First, the state of the whole package and the state of the individual unit are read with the same number. Then, the charging equipment recovery trajectory is extracted by short-circuit reconnection. Next, the equalization window is searched using the recovery boundary constraint. Finally, the individual unit equalization is performed during the flow yielding period and the result is confirmed. The solid arrows in the diagram represent the sequential transmission relationship of data, calculation results, or control actions. For example, the charging synchronization sequence is transmitted to the short-circuit reconnection identification, the device recovery sequence is transmitted to the ancestor sampling particle filter, the recovery boundary is transmitted to the particle swarm algorithm, and the equalization window is transmitted to the execution and confirmation. The solid arrows also indicate that the output of the previous stage is directly used as the input of the next stage. The overall diagram unfolds according to the main execution chain of the scheme, which can reflect the complete process of the charging device recovery boundary being identified, transformed, used for equalization window generation, and finally falling on the vehicle execution command.

[0023] Furthermore, the present invention also includes an on-board lithium battery dynamic balancing energy storage management system for electric two-wheeled vehicles, the system comprising a synchronous acquisition module, a reconnection identification module, a boundary filtering module, a window optimization module, and a balancing execution module: The synchronous acquisition module is used to acquire the package end current code latched by the vehicle BMS according to the sampling number after the charging equipment is connected. The package end current code is integrated with the sampling step size to generate the charge code, and the individual unit voltage sampling code is combined with the sampling number and temperature sampling code to generate the individual unit status word, and output the charging synchronization sequence. The reconnection identification module is used to drive the on-board charging switch to reconnect after a short interruption in the charging synchronization sequence. It performs a bit-by-bit operation on the current code of the package end after reconnection, writes the first sampling number whose difference sign changes from positive to zero or negative as the recovery bit, and outputs the device recovery string. The boundary filtering module is used to recover the string through the ancestor sampling particle filtering processing device, generate boundary particles with the recovered bit candidate code and ancestor number, shift the recovered bit candidate code according to the number of short breaks, subtract the read-back current code from the packet end current code corresponding to the recovered bit candidate code to obtain the current residual, update the particle weight according to the reciprocal of the absolute value of the current residual, and write back the ancestor number in descending order of particle weight to output the recovered boundary. The window optimization module uses a particle swarm optimization algorithm based on the recovery boundary. It generates window particles from the flow start point within the recovery boundary, and then pushes the action bits and holding steps of the equalization branch from the flow start point. The reserved particles are updated according to the voltage code difference reduction of the individual status word after the action and the result that the charged code is in the range of the minimum code to the full charge code, until the voltage code difference reduction of the reserved particles in two adjacent rounds is the same, and then the equalization window is output. The equalization execution module is used to drive the on-board charging switch to form a current yielding period within the recovery boundary according to the equalization window, and to open the equalization branch during the current yielding period, so that the charging equipment can carry the single-cell equalization action during the reconnection and recovery process, and output the on-board lithium battery dynamic equalization energy storage management command.

[0024] Working Principle: This scheme first uses the vehicle-mounted BMS to uniformly collect the current at the charging end, state of charge, and individual cell status after the charging equipment is connected, forming a charging synchronization sequence under the same sampling number. Then, the vehicle-mounted charging switch is short-circuited and then restarted. The changes in the current at the charging end after restarting are observed, from rising to remaining flat or falling, generating a device recovery string. Then, the ancestor sampling particle filter is used to perform candidate boundary shifting, readback current weighting, and ancestor number writing on the device recovery string to identify the recovery boundary of the charging equipment restart process. Within the recovery boundary, the particle swarm algorithm uses each sampling number as the starting point for current yielding and performs trial calculations. Combining the individual cell voltage difference reduction and the charge code interval constraint, the equalization window is selected. Finally, the vehicle-mounted BMS controls the vehicle-mounted charging switch according to the equalization window to form a current yielding period, and opens the corresponding equalization branch during this period, so that the recovery process of the charging equipment is used for individual cell equalization, and outputs the vehicle-mounted lithium battery dynamic equalization energy storage management command. In scenarios where public slow charging is used in residential carports or where vehicle chargers are mixed, charging equipment typically only outputs the voltage and current of the entire battery pack, and cannot work with the vehicle's BMS to reduce or pause the current of individual cells. This solution, after an electric two-wheeler connects to the charging equipment, has the vehicle's BMS first record the charging current of the entire pack and the status of each individual cell. When the charge code is within the allowable range, the system briefly disconnects and reconnects the vehicle's charging switch. The change in current after reconnection determines where the charging equipment has recovered to, and then a suitable starting point for current yielding is selected within this recovery boundary. For example, if the voltage difference between adjacent cells is too large, the system will arrange a short period of current yielding during the charging equipment's current recovery process, while simultaneously activating the corresponding balancing branch to allow the high-voltage cell to release or transfer excess energy. After execution, the charge code and individual cell status are read to confirm the result, thus completing dynamic balancing of the vehicle's lithium batteries without requiring the charging equipment to have sophisticated communication capabilities.

[0025] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for dynamic equalization energy storage management of onboard lithium batteries in electric two-wheeled vehicles, characterized in that, include: S1. Obtain the package end current code latched by the vehicle BMS according to the sampling number after the charging equipment is connected. Integrate the package end current code with the sampling step size to generate the charge code. Generate the individual status word by combining the individual voltage sampling code with the sampling number and temperature sampling code, and output the charging synchronization sequence. S2. In the charging synchronization sequence, drive the on-board charging switch to short-circuit and then turn it back on. Perform the operation of subtracting the previous bit from the next bit on the current code of the package end after the switch is turned back on. Write the first sampling number whose difference sign changes from positive to zero or negative as the recovery bit and output the device recovery string. S3. The ancestor sampling particle filter processing device recovers the string, generates boundary particles with the recovery bit candidate code and ancestor number, shifts the recovery bit candidate code according to the number of short breaks, subtracts the read-back current code from the packet end current code corresponding to the recovery bit candidate code to obtain the current residual, updates the particle weight according to the reciprocal of the absolute value of the current residual, and writes back the ancestor number in descending order of particle weight, and outputs the recovered boundary. S4. Based on the recovery boundary, the particle swarm algorithm is executed. Window particles are generated from the flow start point within the recovery boundary. The action bits and holding steps of the equalization branch are pushed forward from the flow start point. The reserved particles are updated according to the voltage code difference reduction of the individual status word after the action and the result that the charged code is in the range of the minimum code to the full charge code. The voltage code difference reduction of the reserved particles in two adjacent rounds is the same, and the equalization window is output. S5. Drive the on-board charging switch according to the equalization window to form a current yielding period within the recovery boundary, and open the equalization branch during the current yielding period, so that the charging equipment can carry the single-cell equalization action during the reconnection and recovery process, and output the on-board lithium battery dynamic equalization energy storage control command.

2. The method for dynamic equalization energy storage management of on-board lithium batteries in electric two-wheeled vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: S1 includes: S11. After the charging equipment is connected to the vehicle lithium battery, the vehicle BMS uses the charging equipment output confirmation bit as the first sampling number, latches the pack end current code according to the sampling number, writes the sampling number that is not latched into the pack end current code into the missing current bit, and outputs the pack end actual sampling sequence. S12. For the packet end sampling sequence, multiply the time difference between adjacent sampling numbers by the packet end current code of the next sampling number to obtain the step charge code, and accumulate the step charge code and the starting charge code according to the sampling number to output the charge code sequence. S13. Under each sampling number of the charge code sequence, connect the individual voltage sampling code with the temperature sampling code of the same sampling number to generate an individual status word, and write the individual status word into the corresponding charge code position to output the charging synchronization sequence.

3. The method for dynamic equalization energy storage management of on-board lithium batteries in electric two-wheeled vehicles according to claim 2, characterized in that: S2 includes: S21. Read the position of the charge code in the range from the minimum code to the full charge code in the charging synchronization sequence, drive the on-board charging switch to switch from on to off and keep it for one sampling step before re-on, and output the short-disconnection re-on marker sequence. S22. Starting from the reconnection sampling number in the short-circuit reconnection marker sequence, read the packet end current code, perform the operation of subtracting the previous bit from the next bit on the adjacent sampling number, and write the positive difference as rising, the zero difference as flat, and the negative difference as falling, and output the current difference symbol string. S23. Read the rising bit sequentially after the recirculation sampling number in the current difference symbol string, and write the sampling number corresponding to the first flat or falling bit that appears after the rising bit as the recovery bit. Then, write the packet end current code between the recirculation sampling number and the recovery bit, and output the device recovery string.

4. The method for dynamic equalization energy storage management of on-board lithium batteries in electric two-wheeled vehicles according to claim 3, characterized in that: S3 includes: S31. Read the packet end current code between the reconnection sampling number and the end sampling number from the device recovery string, perform the operation of subtracting the previous bit from the next bit on adjacent sampling numbers, and write the sampling number whose difference sign changes from positive to zero or negative as the sign recovery bit, and output the recovery index segment; S32. Generate a candidate code for recovery bit using each sample number in the recovery index segment, and write the sample number that generates the corresponding candidate code for recovery bit as the ancestor number, so that the candidate code for recovery bit and the ancestor number form a boundary particle, and output the boundary particle table.

5. The method for dynamic equalization energy storage management of on-board lithium batteries in electric two-wheeled vehicles according to claim 4, characterized in that: S3 also includes: S33. For each boundary particle in the boundary particle table, shift the candidate code of the recovery bit backward according to the number of short-break steps of the on-board charging switch. When the shift result exceeds the sign recovery bit, backtrack from the sign recovery bit by the number of sampling steps that exceeded the result to obtain the predicted recovery bit and output the predicted particle table. S34. In the predicted particle table, read the packet current code corresponding to the predicted recovery bit, and subtract the readback current code under the same sampling number from the packet current code to obtain the current residual. Then, write the reciprocal of the absolute value of the current residual plus one as the particle weight, and output the weighted particle table.

6. The method for dynamic equalization energy storage management of on-board lithium batteries in electric two-wheeled vehicles according to claim 5, characterized in that: S3 also includes: S35. Sort the weighted particle table from high to low according to the particle weights, and accumulate the sorted particle weights one by one to form a cumulative weight sequence. Then, write back the ancestor number according to the order in which the cumulative weight sequence covers the equidistant sampling positions, and output the write-back particle table. S36. Read the candidate code of the recovery bit ranked first in the particle weight of the write-back particle table, and perform the same number verification with the sign recovery bit. If the numbers are consistent, write the corresponding candidate code of the recovery bit into the recovery boundary. If the numbers are inconsistent, calculate the absolute value of the current residual corresponding to the candidate code of the recovery bit and the sign recovery bit respectively, and write the number of the lower absolute value of the current residual into the recovery boundary. S37. S33 to S36 constitute one round of recovery boundary update process. Repeat the process until the recovery boundary numbers written in two adjacent rounds are consistent and the ancestor numbers are consistent, or the number of repetitions reaches the number of sampling numbers in the device recovery string, and then output the recovery boundary.

7. The method for dynamic equalization energy storage management of on-board lithium batteries in electric two-wheeled vehicles according to claim 6, characterized in that: S4 includes: S41. Based on the recovery boundary, read the sampling number within the boundary, write each sampling number as the current-yielding start point, read the absolute value of the voltage code difference between adjacent single-cell numbers under the current-yielding start point and take the first digit in descending order of value, write the adjacent single-cell number corresponding to the first digit as the equalization branch action bit, and write the sampling step number from the current-yielding start point to the recovery boundary end as the holding step number, and generate a window particle table. S42. For each window particle in the window particle table, rewrite the on-board charging switch state starting from the current starting point in the copy sequence of the charging synchronization sequence, and continue to write the equalization branch open state according to the equalization branch action bit until the hold step is exhausted, and output the trial calculation sequence. S43. Read the absolute value of the voltage code difference between adjacent individual numbers under the same sampling number before and after the action in the trial sequence, and write the cumulative difference of the difference before and after into the voltage code difference reduction amount. Then read the charge code of the trial sequence sample by sample, write the sampling number of the charge code that is less than the minimum code or greater than the full charge code into the out-of-bounds position, and output the particle evaluation word.

8. The method for dynamic equalization energy storage management of on-board lithium batteries in electric two-wheeled vehicles according to claim 7, characterized in that: S4 also includes: S44. Perform charge constraint projection on the particle evaluation word. When the out-of-bounds bit is empty and the current voltage code difference reduction is greater than or equal to the voltage code difference reduction of the individual retained particles in the previous round, replace the individual retained particles in the previous round with the particles in the current window. When the out-of-bounds bit is not empty or the current voltage code difference reduction is less than the voltage code difference reduction of the individual retained particles in the previous round, retain the individual retained particles in the previous round, and take the first bit in descending order of the voltage code difference reduction of the individual retained particles to generate the group retained particles, and output the retained particle table. S45. Update the window particles by retaining the particle table. Write the difference in sampling numbers from the current flow start point to the individual retained particles as the individual direction, and write the difference in sampling numbers from the current flow start point to the group retained particles as the group direction. When the directions are consistent, shift one sampling step in the consistent direction. When the directions are opposite, shift one sampling step in the group direction. When the shift exceeds the recovery boundary, write back the recovery boundary end position and output the updated particle table. S46. Update the particle table as the next round of window particle table, and repeat the window update process from S42 to S45 until the voltage code difference reduction of the population retained particles in two adjacent rounds is the same and the flow start point is the same, or the number of repetitions reaches the number of sampling numbers within the recovery boundary, and output the population retained particles. S47. Read the starting point of the flow of the group retained particles, and push the action position and holding step of the equalization branch according to the starting point of the flow to generate the equalization window.

9. The method for dynamic equalization energy storage management of on-board lithium batteries in electric two-wheeled vehicles according to claim 8, characterized in that: S5 includes: S51. Read the starting point of the current yielding process in the equalization window, align the starting point of the current yielding process with the sampling number within the recovery boundary, and rewrite the on-board charging switch state from on to current yielding according to the number of hold steps, and output the switch execution sequence. S52. Based on the switch execution sequence, read the action bits of the equalization branch, write the equalization branch on flag in the sampling number corresponding to the let flow, and write the equalization branch off flag in the sampling number where the holding step ends, and output the equalization execution sequence. S53. Drive the on-board charging switch and the balancing branch to operate according to the balancing execution sequence. Read the current code, charge code and individual cell status word after the operation. When it is confirmed that the charge code is in the range of minimum code to full charge code and the voltage code difference reduction is not lower than the corresponding result of the balancing window, output the on-board lithium battery dynamic balancing energy storage control command.

10. An on-board lithium battery dynamic balancing energy storage management system for electric two-wheeled vehicles, used to implement the on-board lithium battery dynamic balancing energy storage management method for electric two-wheeled vehicles as described in any one of claims 1-9, the system comprising a synchronous acquisition module, a reconnection identification module, a boundary filtering module, a window optimization module, and a balancing execution module, characterized in that: The synchronous acquisition module is used to acquire the package end current code latched by the vehicle BMS according to the sampling number after the charging equipment is connected. The package end current code is integrated with the sampling step size to generate the charge code, and the individual unit voltage sampling code is combined with the sampling number and temperature sampling code to generate the individual unit status word, and output the charging synchronization sequence. The reconnection identification module is used to drive the on-board charging switch to reconnect after a short interruption in the charging synchronization sequence. It performs a bit-by-bit operation on the current code of the package end after reconnection, writes the first sampling number whose difference sign changes from positive to zero or negative as the recovery bit, and outputs the device recovery string. The boundary filtering module is used to recover the string through the ancestor sampling particle filtering processing device, generate boundary particles with the recovered bit candidate code and ancestor number, shift the recovered bit candidate code according to the number of short breaks, subtract the read-back current code from the packet end current code corresponding to the recovered bit candidate code to obtain the current residual, update the particle weight according to the reciprocal of the absolute value of the current residual, and write back the ancestor number in descending order of particle weight to output the recovered boundary. The window optimization module uses a particle swarm optimization algorithm based on the recovery boundary. It generates window particles from the flow start point within the recovery boundary, and then pushes the action bits and holding steps of the equalization branch from the flow start point. The reserved particles are updated according to the voltage code difference reduction of the individual status word after the action and the result that the charged code is in the range of the minimum code to the full charge code, until the voltage code difference reduction of the reserved particles in two adjacent rounds is the same, and then the equalization window is output. The equalization execution module is used to drive the on-board charging switch to form a current yielding period within the recovery boundary according to the equalization window, and to open the equalization branch during the current yielding period, so that the charging equipment can carry the single-cell equalization action during the reconnection and recovery process, and output the on-board lithium battery dynamic equalization energy storage management command.

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