A tunnel primary support large deformation efficient displacement monitoring device

Abstract

The application discloses a tunnel primary support large-deformation efficient displacement monitoring device, a shell, guide wheels are installed at the front and back ends of the shell, wheel bodies are arranged inside the guide wheels, a connecting shell is fixedly connected to the top outer wall of the shell, a protective rubber film is installed at the top end of the connecting shell, a driving mechanism is installed at the bottom end of the shell, and driving equipment and steering equipment are arranged in the driving mechanism; a loading frame is installed on the inner wall of the connecting shell, an electric hydraulic machine two is installed at the left end of the loading frame, a servo motor one is installed at the right end of the loading frame, a shooting mechanism is connected to the driving end of the servo motor one through a multidimensional reversing assembly, and a high-definition camera structure is arranged at the driving mechanism; the application is applied to the tunnel primary support monitoring device, a unique wall corner guide wheel collision standing mechanism is combined with a negative pressure frame negative pressure adsorption, automatic precise wall-attaching positioning is completed, and the equipment multiplicity and monitoring network deployment flexibility are obviously improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel initial support monitoring technology, specifically to a high-efficiency displacement monitoring device for large deformation of tunnel initial support. Background Technology

[0002] Given the complex deformation and stress state of the surrounding rock after tunnel excavation, the initial support structure plays a crucial role in temporary stability. Its safety status directly affects construction safety and project success or failure. To monitor the stability of the initial support structure in real time, tunnel initial support monitoring equipment has emerged. Its core function is to continuously and accurately acquire information about the initial support structure, providing timely early warning and data support for dynamic monitoring of support measures and mitigation of collapse risks. It is an indispensable technical guarantee for information-based construction and safety management.

[0003] The existing tunnel initial support monitoring equipment suffers from the pain points of cumbersome deployment and inconvenient relocation. The root cause lies in the fact that most of the equipment is fixed, wired, or relies on large-volume cabinets. Under conditions of narrow tunnel space, variable geological environment, and frequent interference from cross-construction, it is difficult to flexibly relocate and deploy according to the construction progress. This not only results in limited coverage density of monitoring points and the formation of monitoring blind spots at key cross-section locations, but also makes it impossible to capture signs of local abnormal deformation or stress deterioration in a timely manner. Ultimately, this exacerbates the delay in judging the overall stability state and the risk of decision-making bias. There is an urgent need to develop lightweight, flexible, and wireless innovative solutions to solve these problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a rice crust cutting device to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] By adopting the above technical solution, the tunnel initial support monitoring device on the threaded rod can be displaced in multiple directions.

[0006] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this invention are: this tunnel initial support large deformation high-efficiency displacement monitoring device, 1. By integrating an automatic steering and driving mobile mechanism, the drawbacks of traditional equipment being fixed and difficult to move are effectively overcome, enabling the shell to move autonomously and flexibly within the tunnel and achieve full-coverage monitoring; the unique corner guide wheel collision-standing mechanism combined with the negative pressure frame's negative pressure adsorption automatically completes precise wall-mounting positioning, and the transmission mechanism and gear tooth plate linkage give the negative pressure frame multi-dimensional angle adjustment capability, significantly improving the adaptability and stability of negative pressure adsorption, and greatly enhancing the effectiveness and reliability of monitoring data acquisition.

[0007] 2. A hydraulic drive mechanism controls the locking and unlocking of the docking rod and the assembly shell. During docking, the locking rod wedges into the gap between the double conical plates under the action of a spring, achieving self-locking suspension. During unlocking, hydraulic contraction drives the conical plates to displace, causing the locking rod to slide out along the inclined surface and release. Its value lies in enabling rapid and non-destructive assembly and disassembly of the housing and the assembly shell, ensuring efficient transfer between measuring points while avoiding mechanical damage caused by repeated disassembly and assembly, significantly improving equipment reusability and the flexibility of monitoring network deployment.

[0008] 3. The initial orientation adjustment of the shooting mechanism is achieved by driving the spur gear through the translation of the gear ring rod. The servo motor drives the deflection frame to rotate and superimpose the secondary angle correction. The two adjustment dimensions significantly improve the flexibility and accuracy of the monitoring angle coverage, effectively eliminate spatial blind spots, and form a three-dimensional monitoring grid in combination with the overall displacement capability of the equipment. This enables efficient data acquisition without blind spots in the whole space, and greatly improves the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the monitoring results. Attached Figure Description

[0009] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a half-sectional view of the housing of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the drive mechanism structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a half-sectional view of the loading frame of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a half-sectional view of the biasing frame of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the universal joint structure of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a half-sectional view of the deflection plate of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the universal joint structure of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a half-sectional view of the assembly shell of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a half-sectional view of the connecting rod of the present invention.

[0010] In the diagram: 1. Housing; 2. Guide wheel; 3. Connecting housing; 4. Protective rubber membrane; 5. Shooting mechanism; 6. Drive mechanism; 7. Electric hydraulic press one; 8. Connecting plate; 9. Loading frame; 10. Docking rod; 11. Assembly housing; 12. Servo motor one; 13. Electric hydraulic press two; 14. Deflecting frame; 15. Gear ring rod; 16. Spur gear; 17. Connecting frame; 18. Deflecting plate; 19. Negative pressure frame; 20. Universal shaft one; 21. Transmission rod one; 22. Side wing tube; 23. Universal shaft two; 24. Transmission rod two; 25. Servo motor two; 26. Gear plate; 27. Electric hydraulic press three; 28. Clamping rod; 29. ​​Spring; 30. Conical plate one; 31. Conical plate two. Detailed Implementation

[0011] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0012] Please see Figure 6-8 The present invention provides a technical solution: A high-efficiency displacement monitoring device for large deformation of tunnel initial support includes: The housing 1 has guide wheels 2 installed at both ends of the housing 1. Each guide wheel 2 has a wheel body on its inner side. A connecting shell 3 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the top of the housing 1. A protective rubber membrane 4 is installed on the top of the connecting shell 3. A drive mechanism 6 is installed at the bottom of the housing 1. The drive mechanism 6 contains a drive device and a steering device. The multi-dimensional reversing component includes a toothed ring rod 15 fixedly connected to the drive end of the electric hydraulic press 13. The toothed ring rod 15 has an annular tooth groove on its outer side. The outer wall of the toothed ring rod 15 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the deflector frame 14. The drive end of the servo motor 12 is fixedly connected to the deflector frame 14. The outer wall of the deflector frame 14 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the top of the loading frame 9. A connecting frame 17 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the top of the deflector frame 14. A spur gear 16 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the connecting frame 17. The outer diameter of the spur gear 16 meshes with the annular tooth groove at the toothed ring rod 15. Specifically: After initial positioning and installation at the tunnel's initial support wall of the target monitoring section, the core drive unit can be activated, and the drive mechanism 6 will operate. The drive mechanism 6 integrates a precision automatic steering device and drive device, possessing high-precision stepping and path planning capabilities. It can efficiently and flexibly drive the main structure it supports. The housing 1 moves along the preset or temporarily planned survey line path on the tunnel's initial support wall, which has complex surface features, to the designated monitoring area positions. The drive mechanism 6 is controlled to move. The outer sides of the guide wheel 2 and the wheel components of the drive mechanism 6 that use movement are equipped with rubber rims with friction effects to provide corresponding friction. When the housing 1 impacts the corner of the tunnel cavity wall, with the assistance of the guide wheel 2, the housing 1 can stand upright on the ground. Then, the negative pressure fan at the negative pressure frame 19 is activated. The negative pressure fan is located in the cavity at the end of the negative pressure frame 19. The negative pressure fan of the unit rotates at high speed, forming a local strong low pressure environment in the sealed chamber facing the initial support surface of the tunnel. This instantly generates an adsorption force sufficient to overcome the weight of the equipment and frictional resistance. This adsorption force is evenly transmitted through the rigid structure of the negative pressure frame 19 to the precision monitoring probe base integrated with it and the bottom surface of the entire housing 1. The edge of the negative pressure frame 19 can be wrapped with a flexible and highly elastic sealing skirt, which can locally deform and fill micro-depressions when in contact with the initial support surface of the tunnel. This effectively compensates for the general unevenness of the tunnel wall, such as undulations caused by concrete spraying and local pits, maximizing the adsorption contact area. The operation of the negative pressure fan is continuous and stable. Combined with the attitude adjustment after the collision of the guide wheel 2 and the subsequent micro-motion drive of the drive mechanism 6, it ultimately ensures that the bottom surface of the housing 1 and the precision monitoring probe base form a stable, comprehensive and highly consistent adsorption state with the tunnel wall, forming the physical basis for subsequent high-precision displacement monitoring. Furthermore, to accurately match the specific inclination angle and local morphological changes of different tunnel initial support walls, the device is designed with a multi-stage angle adjustment mechanism. When the servo motor 25 is activated, it drives the transmission rod 24 to rotate. The transmission rod 24, through its built-in high-efficiency worm gear reducer and transmission device, precisely transmits power and rotational motion to the connected transmission rod 21, causing it to rotate synchronously. The rotating transmission rod 21, through its connected high-flexibility, low-backlash universal joint 20 and universal joint 23, ultimately transmits power to the root bearing of the negative pressure frame 19, achieving precise rotation angle adjustment of the negative pressure frame 19 and its end monitoring probe around its root axis. This allows for flexible adjustment of the pointing of the monitoring probe's transmitting / receiving surface to adapt to minor tilt changes in the target surface. In addition, for extreme working conditions requiring changes to the probe's insertion angle or folding it away to avoid oversized obstacles, the device has a fine-tuning function for the folding angle. Hydraulic press 27 can precisely push the toothed plate 26, which is rigidly connected to its piston rod, to move longitudinally. The precision rack structure on the surface of the toothed plate 26 meshes with the transmission gear fixed to the end of the deflection plate 18, thereby efficiently converting the linear motion of the toothed plate 26 into the rotational motion of the transmission gear and the deflection plate 18. The rotation of the deflection plate 18, through the hinge structure between it and the negative pressure frame 19, directly drives the negative pressure frame 19 to change its pitch angle relative to the housing 1. This greatly enhances the spatial freedom of the negative pressure frame 19, making it easy to fold or adjust its pitch angle over a wide range to meet the needs of positioning and fitting operations in extremely complex or narrow tunnel initial support deformation areas. Ultimately, it ensures that the detection element attached to the end of the negative pressure frame 19 can always obtain the best relative position and effective monitoring surface fit state, thereby maximizing the rigid fixing effect provided by its "negative pressure adsorption" and ensuring the spatial pointing accuracy, reliability, and acquisition efficiency of its rear displacement monitoring data.

[0013] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 9 and Figure 10The loading frame 9 is mounted on the inner wall of the connecting shell 3. An electric hydraulic press 13 is mounted on the left end of the loading frame 9, and a servo motor 12 is mounted on the right end. The drive end of the servo motor 12 is connected to the shooting mechanism 5 via a multi-dimensional reversing assembly. A high-definition camera structure is installed at the drive mechanism 6. The inner side of the protective rubber membrane 4 covers the edge of the shooting mechanism 5. The negative pressure assembly includes a worm gear fixedly connected to the middle of the transmission rod 24. A transmission rod 21 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the bottom end of the shell 1. A worm wheel is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the transmission rod 21. The worm gear at the transmission rod 24 and the worm wheel at the transmission rod 21 are meshed together. The left and right sides of the bottom end of the shell 1... All are rotatably connected to a deflection plate 18. An electric hydraulic press 27 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the bottom end of the housing 1. A toothed plate 26 is fixedly connected to the drive end of the electric hydraulic press 27. A transmission gear is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the deflection plate 18. The toothed grooves on both sides of the toothed plate 26 are meshed with the transmission gear. Universal shafts 20 are fixedly connected to the four sides of the outer wall of the left and right ends of the transmission rod 21. Universal shafts 23 are fixedly connected to the four sides of the outer wall of the opposite end of the negative pressure frame 19. The inner side of universal shaft 20 and the outer side of universal shaft 23 are rotatably connected respectively. The outer wall of the negative pressure frame 19 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the top of the deflection plate 18. The connection between universal shaft 20 and universal shaft 23 is located at the central axis of the deflection plate 18. Specifically: When the housing 1 carrying the core monitoring unit moves along the tunnel initial support wall to the vicinity of the pre- or temporarily deployed specific assembly housing 11 under the precise drive of the drive mechanism 6, the system will start the precise position adjustment and docking procedure. This process is precisely controlled by the electric hydraulic press 7: the electric hydraulic press 7 drives the connecting plate 8 to make controllable linear displacement, thereby pushing the rigidly connected docking rod 10 to move stably towards the assembly housing 11 to carry out the docking operation. When the docking rod 10 is accurately embedded into the corresponding interface of the assembly housing 11 and continues to apply appropriate downward pressure, the intelligent locking mechanism designed inside the assembly housing 11 is activated. Under the continuous elastic force of its matching spring 29, the locking rod 28 is precisely driven to be locked into the specific conical structure located in the end area of ​​the docking rod 10, that is, cleverly embedded in the design gap between the conical plate 21 and the conical plate 30. The conical surface and the wedge-shaped fit at the end of the clamp rod 28 form a reliable self-locking effect, ensuring that the clamp rod 28 is stably wedge-tight under the action of spring tension and gravity. This allows the housing 1 to be safely and stably suspended and locked at the base of the assembled housing 11 through the docking rod 10 and the clamp rod 28 mechanism. This provides a solid mechanical foundation for subsequent long-term, high-precision monitoring of the initial support surface displacement or deep deformation at this point, effectively resisting possible vibration disturbances in the tunnel. When the monitoring task is completed at the current location, or when the housing 1 needs to be quickly transferred to another target measuring point in the tunnel where the assembled housing 11 is located according to the monitoring strategy, the efficient separation mechanism is immediately activated. At this point, the system controllably restarts the electric hydraulic press 7, driving the connecting plate 8 to move in the reverse direction along a preset path. This action is first transmitted to the docking rod 10, reducing its binding force on the clamping rod 28. At this time, the key inclined surface designed on the inner side of the clamping rod 28 begins to slide relative to the edge of the conical plate 30. Under the combined guidance of the continuous spring force and the retraction motion, the inclined surface of the clamping rod 28 undergoes relative displacement along the edge of the conical plate 30, allowing the clamping rod 28 to gradually and effectively disengage from the previously wedged gap between the conical plate 31 and the conical plate 30. As the docking rod 10 continues to retract with the connecting plate 8... During the process, its end structure, through a specific geometric constraint relationship with the conical piece 30 and conical piece 31, first drives the conical piece 30, and then the conical piece 31 moves in tandem. When the docking rod 10 is completely retracted to the preset position, under the final restraint of the connecting plate 8 and the end structure of the docking rod 10, the locking rod 28 is able to completely separate and fall off from the previously locked position of the conical piece assembly, thereby completely releasing the mechanical connection between the housing 1 and the current assembled housing 11 base. This efficient and orderly unlocking and disengagement process allows the housing 1 to be easily and quickly separated from the current assembled housing 11 base. After separation, the shell 1, driven by the drive mechanism 6, can restart its autonomous movement along the tunnel wall, precisely navigate to the next or one more target monitoring sections or key deformation areas in the tunnel that are pre-deployed with the same standard assembled shell 11, and repeat the above-mentioned precise docking and locking process. This fast, reliable, and repeatable docking-separation mechanism is the core functional guarantee that supports the "High-Efficiency Displacement Monitoring Device for Large Deformation of Tunnel Initial Support" to achieve large-area coverage, multi-point patrol detection, intensive resource utilization, and adaptability to the dynamic environment during tunnel construction. It significantly improves the operational efficiency and equipment mobility of implementing comprehensive deformation monitoring under complex tunnel initial support conditions.

[0014] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 4 Servo motor 25, the outer wall of servo motor 25 is installed on the inner wall of the bottom end of housing 1. The drive end of servo motor 25 is fixedly connected to transmission rod 24. The middle part of transmission rod 24 is connected to negative pressure frame 19 through negative pressure assembly. Negative pressure fan is provided at the opposite end of negative pressure frame 19. Electric hydraulic press 7, the outer wall of electric hydraulic press 7 is installed on the inner wall of the top end of housing 1. The drive end of electric hydraulic press 7 is fixedly connected to connecting plate 8. The outer wall of connecting plate 8 is connected to assembly shell 11 through mounting assembly. The outer wall of assembly shell 11 is installed in the tunnel wall. Mounting assembly includes docking rod 10 fixedly connected to both the front and rear ends of connecting plate 8. The outer wall of the bottom end of docking rod 10 is slidably connected to conical plate 30 and conical plate 31. The outer wall of conical plate 31 fits with the end of docking rod 10. (Refer to...) Figure 5Conical plate 21 and conical plate 10 are combined. Side wing tubes 22 are fixedly connected to both ends of the assembly shell 11. Springs 29 are fixedly connected to one end of the inner wall of the side wing tubes 22. A locking rod 28 is fixedly connected to the other end of the springs 29. Specifically: When carrying out the shooting and monitoring task, in order to achieve the best deployment orientation and field of view coverage of the shooting mechanism 5 in the complex tunnel wall environment, the device is designed with two independent and coordinated high-precision angle adjustment mechanisms. The first stage of attitude adjustment: The device starts the electric hydraulic press 13, which precisely drives the toothed ring rod 15 rigidly connected to its push rod to make linear displacement. The outer edge of the toothed ring rod 15 is designed with a precision rack structure, which meshes with the spur gear 16 installed on the root bearing of the connecting frame 17. Therefore, the linear motion of the gear ring rod 15 is efficiently converted into the rotational motion of the spur gear 16 around its axis. This first-stage adjustment directly drives the connecting frame 17 and the front-end fixed shooting mechanism 5 to make large-scale angle adjustments in the direction of pitch or roll angle, so that the shooting sensor can effectively align with the monitoring area at different heights, or compensate for the installation tilt angle of the tunnel lining itself. Second-stage attitude adjustment: In order to further expand the freedom of shooting aiming and achieve more precise horizontal scanning tracking, the device is equipped with a second-stage adjustment unit driven by servo motor 12. The output shaft of servo motor 12 drives a precision biasing frame 14 to rotate. The yaw frame 14 is rigidly connected or coupled to the rotating part of the connecting frame 17 through its structure or connectors. Therefore, when the servo motor 12 drives the yaw frame 14 to rotate, it will directly drive the entire connecting frame 17 and the shooting mechanism 5 installed at its front end to rotate precisely around its central axis, realizing a wide range and high precision angle adjustment of the shooting mechanism in the yaw angle direction. Overall effect and practical application: The yaw adjustment achieved by the servo motor 12 driving the yaw frame 14 and the pitch and roll adjustment achieved by the electric hydraulic press 13 driving the gear ring rod 15 and the spur gear 16, together, give the shooting mechanism 5 the ability to adjust its attitude in two independent dimensions of space.

[0015] A method for installing a high-efficiency displacement monitoring device for large deformation of tunnel initial support includes the following steps: Step S1: Install a plurality of biasing frames 14 inside the tunnel cavity wall using screws; Step S2: Control the drive mechanism 6 to move. When the housing 1 hits the corner of the tunnel wall, with the assistance of the guide wheel 2, the housing 1 can stand on the ground. Then, start the negative pressure fan at the negative pressure frame 19 so that the whole thing is adsorbed on the wall. Step S3: With the cooperation of the negative pressure fan at the negative pressure frame 19, the drive mechanism 6 continues to move to the corresponding pre-installed position on the assembly shell 11; Step S4: Start the electric hydraulic press 7 to move the connecting plate 8 so that the docking rod 10 docks with the assembly shell 11 and is installed. Then stop the negative pressure fan at the negative pressure frame 19. In step S4, after starting the electric hydraulic press 7 again to move the connecting plate 8, the docking rod 10 and the assembly shell 11 can be separated and moved to other assembly shells 11. Step S5: Start the servo motor 12 to drive the bias bracket 14 to adjust the Y-axis angle of the connecting bracket 17, and start the electric hydraulic press 13 to drive the connecting bracket 17 to adjust the X-axis angle, so as to correct the shooting angle of the shooting mechanism 5.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency displacement monitoring device for large deformation of tunnel initial support, comprising, characterized in that: The housing (1) has guide wheels (2) installed at both ends of the housing (1), and wheel bodies are provided on the inner side of each guide wheel (2). A connecting shell (3) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the top of the housing (1). A protective rubber film (4) is installed on the top of the connecting shell (3). A drive mechanism (6) is installed at the bottom of the housing (1). The drive mechanism (6) is equipped with a drive device and a steering device. Loading frame (9), the outer side of the loading frame (9) is installed on the inner wall of the connecting shell (3), the left end of the loading frame (9) is equipped with an electric hydraulic press (13), the right end of the loading frame (9) is equipped with a servo motor (12), the drive end of the servo motor (12) is connected to the shooting mechanism (5) through a multi-dimensional reversing component, a high-definition camera structure is provided at the drive mechanism (6), and the inner side of the protective rubber film (4) covers the edge of the shooting mechanism (5); Servo motor 2 (25), the outer wall of servo motor 2 (25) is installed on the inner wall of the bottom end of housing (1), the drive end of servo motor 2 (25) is fixedly connected to transmission rod 2 (24), the middle part of transmission rod 2 (24) is connected to negative pressure frame (19) through negative pressure assembly, and a negative pressure fan is provided at the opposite end of negative pressure frame (19); Electric hydraulic press (7), the outer wall of the electric hydraulic press (7) is installed on the inner wall of the top of the shell (1), the drive end of the electric hydraulic press (7) is fixedly connected to a connecting plate (8), the outer wall of the connecting plate (8) is connected to an assembly shell (11) through a mounting component, and the outer wall of the assembly shell (11) is installed in the tunnel wall.

2. The efficient displacement monitoring device for large deformation of tunnel initial support according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multidimensional reversing assembly includes a toothed ring rod (15) fixedly connected to the drive end of the electric hydraulic press (13). The toothed ring rod (15) has an annular tooth groove on its outer side. The outer wall of the toothed ring rod (15) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the deflector frame (14). The drive end of the servo motor (12) is fixedly connected to the deflector frame (14). The outer wall of the deflector frame (14) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the top of the loading frame (9).

3. The efficient displacement monitoring device for large deformation of tunnel initial support according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner wall of the top of the biasing frame (14) is rotatably connected to a connecting frame (17), and the inner wall of the connecting frame (17) is fixedly connected to a spur gear (16). The outer diameter of the spur gear (16) meshes with the annular tooth groove at the toothed ring rod (15).

4. The efficient displacement monitoring device for large deformation of tunnel initial support according to claim 1, characterized in that: The negative pressure assembly includes a worm gear fixedly connected to the middle of the transmission rod two (24), a transmission rod one (21) rotatably connected to the inner wall of the bottom end of the housing (1), a worm wheel fixedly connected to the outer wall of the transmission rod one (21), and the worm gear at the transmission rod two (24) and the worm wheel at the transmission rod one (21) meshing together.

5. The efficient displacement monitoring device for large deformation of tunnel initial support according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the housing (1) is rotatably connected to deflection plates (18) on both the left and right sides. The bottom of the housing (1) is fixedly connected to an electric hydraulic press (27). The drive end of the electric hydraulic press (27) is fixedly connected to a toothed plate (26). The bottom of the deflection plate (18) is fixedly connected to a transmission gear. The toothed grooves on both sides of the toothed plate (26) are meshed with the transmission gear.

6. The efficient displacement monitoring device for large deformation of tunnel initial support according to claim 4, characterized in that: Universal shaft 1 (20) is fixedly connected to the four sides of the outer wall of the left and right ends of the transmission rod 1 (21). Universal shaft 2 (23) is fixedly connected to the four sides of the outer wall of the opposite end of the negative pressure frame (19). The inner side of universal shaft 1 (20) and the outer side of universal shaft 2 (23) are respectively rotatably connected. The outer wall of the negative pressure frame (19) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the top of the deflection plate (18). The connection between universal shaft 1 (20) and universal shaft 2 (23) is located at the central axis of the deflection plate (18).

7. The efficient displacement monitoring device for large deformation of tunnel initial support according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting assembly includes a docking rod (10) fixedly connected to both the front and rear ends of the connecting plate (8). The bottom outer wall of the docking rod (10) is slidably connected to a first conical piece (30) and a second conical piece (31). The outer wall of the second conical piece (31) fits into the end of the docking rod (10). The second conical piece (31) is combined with the first conical piece (30).

8. The efficient displacement monitoring device for large deformation of tunnel initial support according to claim 1, characterized in that: The assembly shell (11) is fixedly connected to the left and right ends of the side wing tubes (22), and the inner walls of the side wing tubes (22) are fixedly connected to one end of each opposite end of the side wing tubes (22), and the other end of the springs (29) is fixedly connected to the lever (28).

9. A method for installing a high-efficiency displacement monitoring device for large deformation of tunnel initial support, using the high-efficiency displacement monitoring device for large deformation of tunnel initial support as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: Install a plurality of deflection frames (14) inside the tunnel cavity wall using screws; Step S2: Control the drive mechanism (6) to move. When the shell (1) hits the corner of the tunnel wall, with the assistance of the guide wheel (2), the shell (1) can stand on the ground. Then start the negative pressure fan at the negative pressure frame (19) so that the whole thing is adsorbed on the wall. Step S3: The drive mechanism (6) moves continuously to the corresponding pre-installed assembly shell (11) with the cooperation of the negative pressure fan at the negative pressure frame (19); Step S4: Start the electric hydraulic press (7) to move the connecting plate (8) so that the docking rod (10) docks with the assembly shell (11) and is installed. Then stop the negative pressure fan at the negative pressure frame (19). Step S5: Start the servo motor one (12) to drive the bias frame (14) to adjust the Y-axis angle of the connecting frame (17), start the electric hydraulic press two (13) to drive the connecting frame (17) to adjust the X-axis angle, and correct the shooting angle of the shooting mechanism (5).

10. The efficient displacement monitoring device for large deformation of tunnel initial support according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step S4, after the electric hydraulic press (7) is restarted to move the connecting plate (8), the docking rod (10) and the assembly shell (11) can be separated and moved to other assembly shells (11).

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