A waterfront medicinal wetland cascade purification and traditional Chinese medicinal material harvesting coupling system and method

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of waterfront ecological management, and discloses a waterfront medicinal wetland cascade purification and traditional Chinese medicinal material harvesting coupling system and method, which comprises a cascade medicinal wetland module, a purification capacity monitoring module, a medicinal material harvesting determination module, a harvesting disturbance prediction module, a purification surplus matching module and a harvesting coupling waterway control module. Each medicinal wetland purification stage comprises a plurality of medicinal wetland sub-areas arranged in parallel. The system determines a predicted purification gap according to the range of the harvesting candidate sub-area, the current purification capacity and the remaining purification capacity of the continuous purification reserved layer, screens a set of compensation medicinal wetland sub-areas according to the available purification surplus of the remaining medicinal wetland sub-areas, and shifts the pollution load before harvesting, carries out isolation circulation during harvesting, and gradually re-enters the cascade purification waterway after harvesting. The present application can reduce the influence of traditional Chinese medicinal material harvesting on the cascade wetland purification capacity, and maintain the continuity and stability of the water quality purification process during harvesting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of waterfront ecological governance technology, specifically to a coupled system and method for tiered purification of waterfront medicinal wetlands and harvesting of Chinese medicinal herbs. Background Technology

[0002] Waterfront areas typically receive surface runoff, low-pollution agricultural drainage, circulating water from landscape water bodies, and pre-treated tailwater. To reduce the pollution load entering rivers, lakes, or landscape water bodies, existing technologies usually involve setting up multiple artificial wetland units with elevation differences along the waterfront slope. This allows water to pass sequentially through purification zones composed of plants, substrates, and microorganisms, removing nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matter, and suspended solids from the water. Some artificial wetlands also cultivate wetland plants with medicinal or economic value, harvesting them after they reach their growth cycle, thus achieving both water purification and plant resource utilization.

[0003] However, existing constructed wetlands typically treat the harvesting of Chinese medicinal herbs as a periodic maintenance operation independent of the water purification process. Harvesting Chinese medicinal herbs alters plant cover, rhizosphere exchange conditions, and pollutant absorption capacity, and may even disturb the substrate and its attached biofilm, causing a phased decline in the purification capacity of the corresponding wetland unit before and after harvesting. Existing technologies do not match the available purification capacity of other wetland units with the amount of purification capacity decline caused by harvesting, nor do they continuously control the water flow before, during, and after harvesting. This can easily cause the pollution load during harvesting to exceed the carrying capacity of the remaining wetland units, resulting in fluctuations in the effluent water quality of the cascade wetlands. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a system and method for coupling waterfront medicinal wetland tiered purification with Chinese medicinal herb harvesting. This system solves the problems of existing constructed wetlands failing to match the available purification capacity of other medicinal wetland sub-zones with the predicted purification gap generated by Chinese medicinal herb harvesting, and failing to continuously control the pre-harvest load transfer, isolation circulation during harvesting, and gradual reconnection after harvesting. These issues lead to a decrease in the purification capacity of tiered wetlands and fluctuations in effluent water quality during the harvesting period of Chinese medicinal herbs.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a coupled system for the tiered purification of riparian medicinal wetlands and the harvesting of medicinal herbs, comprising:

[0006] The tiered medicinal wetland module includes multiple medicinal wetland purification stages connected sequentially from high to low along the waterfront slope. Each medicinal wetland purification stage includes at least two parallel medicinal wetland sub-areas. Each medicinal wetland sub-area has an independent inlet channel, an independent outlet channel, and a return channel, and includes a harvestable medicinal herb planting layer, a rhizosphere exchange interface, and a continuous purification and retention layer arranged sequentially.

[0007] The purification capacity monitoring module is used to determine the current purification capacity and available purification margin based on the inflow and outflow rates and pollutant concentrations of each medicinal wetland sub-zone.

[0008] The medicinal herb harvesting determination module is used to determine candidate harvesting sub-areas based on the growth stage of Chinese medicinal herbs, the maturity of their effective components, and the results of risk substance detection.

[0009] The harvesting disturbance prediction module is used to determine the predicted purification gap based on the proposed harvesting range of the harvesting candidate sub-region, the current purification capacity, and the remaining purification capacity of the continuous purification retention layer.

[0010] The purification margin matching module is used to screen a set of compensating medicinal wetland sub-regions based on the available purification margin of the remaining medicinal wetland sub-regions, and generate a harvesting instruction when the sum of the available purification margins of the compensating medicinal wetland sub-regions is not less than the sum of the predicted purification gap and the preset safety margin.

[0011] The harvesting coupling water circuit control module is connected to the independent inlet channel, independent outlet channel and return channel respectively. It is used to transfer the pollution load of the harvesting candidate sub-area to the compensation medicinal wetland sub-area before harvesting, control the harvesting candidate sub-area to be isolated and circulated during harvesting, and control the harvesting candidate sub-area to be gradually reconnected to the cascade purification water circuit after harvesting based on the purification capacity recovery results.

[0012] Furthermore, each of the medicinal wetland purification stages includes a distribution pipe and a collection pipe. The distribution pipe is connected to the independent water inlet channel of each of the medicinal wetland sub-areas, and the collection pipe is connected to the independent water outlet channel of each of the medicinal wetland sub-areas. Adjacent medicinal wetland purification stages are connected through the collection pipe and the distribution pipe.

[0013] The independent water inlet channel is equipped with an inlet control valve, the independent water outlet channel is equipped with an outlet control valve, and the return channel is equipped with a return control valve.

[0014] Furthermore, the harvestable medicinal herb planting layer includes multiple independently set medicinal herb planting units;

[0015] The rhizosphere exchange interface includes a permeable baffle and a root-limiting mesh disposed on the permeable baffle;

[0016] The continuous purification and retention layer includes a fixed matrix and a biofilm carrier disposed within the fixed matrix. The continuous purification and retention layer is retained in the corresponding medicinal wetland sub-area during the harvesting period of the medicinal plant planting unit.

[0017] Further, the step of determining the current purification capacity and available purification margin includes:

[0018] Based on the influent flow rate, effluent flow rate, influent pollutant concentration, and effluent pollutant concentration of each medicinal wetland sub-area, the pollutant removal mass per unit time is determined, and the pollutant removal mass is used as the current purification capacity.

[0019] The benchmark for stable purification capacity is determined based on historical purification data of each medicinal wetland sub-region under stable operating conditions.

[0020] The available purification margin is determined based on the difference between the stable purification capacity benchmark and the current purification capacity.

[0021] Further, the step of determining the candidate harvesting sub-region includes:

[0022] The growth stage and maturity of active ingredients of Chinese medicinal materials in each of the medicinal wetland sub-regions were obtained;

[0023] The safety status of medicinal materials is determined based on the water ingress risk level of the corresponding medicinal wetland sub-area and the content of risk substances in the tissues of medicinal materials.

[0024] The medicinal wetland sub-regions that have reached the preset harvesting stage in terms of growth stage, the preset maturity conditions of the effective components, and the medicinal material safety status that meets the conditions for medicinal use are identified as candidate harvesting sub-regions.

[0025] Further, the step of determining the predicted cleanup gap includes:

[0026] The scope of harvest disturbance is determined based on the proposed harvest area and the parts of the medicinal materials to be removed from the proposed harvest candidate sub-regions.

[0027] The retention and purification capacity of the unharvested area after harvesting is determined based on the harvesting disturbance range, and the remaining purification capacity is determined based on the operation data of the continuous purification and retention layer.

[0028] The predicted purification gap is determined based on the difference between the current purification capacity of the harvesting candidate sub-region and the sum of the retained purification capacity and the remaining purification capacity.

[0029] Further, the step of screening the set of compensated medicinal wetland subregions includes:

[0030] The remaining medicinal wetland sub-areas were sorted in descending order of available purification capacity;

[0031] Select medicinal wetland sub-regions sequentially and accumulate the corresponding available purification margins until the accumulated available purification margins are not less than the sum of the predicted purification gap and the preset safety margin. Then, determine the selected medicinal wetland sub-regions as the set of compensation medicinal wetland sub-regions.

[0032] When the sum of the available purification margins of the remaining medicinal wetland sub-regions is less than the sum of the predicted purification gap and the preset safety margin, the harvesting time of the harvesting candidate sub-regions is delayed or the inflow rate of the cascade medicinal wetland modules is reduced.

[0033] Furthermore, the harvesting coupled waterway control module performs the following controls:

[0034] Before harvesting, the inflow rate of the candidate harvesting sub-regions is reduced in stages, and the inflow rate of the compensation medicinal wetland sub-regions is increased in stages.

[0035] During harvesting, the independent water outlet channel of the harvesting candidate sub-area is closed, allowing the water in the harvesting candidate sub-area to flow through the return channel and pass through the continuous purification and retention layer for isolation and circulation.

[0036] After harvesting, a recovery flow rate is input to the harvesting candidate sub-region, and when the current purification capacity of the harvesting candidate sub-region reaches a preset recovery threshold and the effluent pollutant concentration reaches a preset effluent threshold, the influent flow rate of the harvesting candidate sub-region is increased in stages.

[0037] Furthermore, the system also includes a harvested material diversion module, used for:

[0038] Harvested materials that meet the medicinal conditions in terms of both the maturity of effective components and the content of risk substances will be allocated to the Chinese medicinal material utilization channel.

[0039] Harvested materials whose content of hazardous substances meets the conditions for resource utilization but not for medicinal use will be allocated to the non-medicinal resource utilization channel.

[0040] Collected materials whose content of hazardous substances does not meet the conditions for resource utilization will be allocated to the isolation and disposal channel.

[0041] Second aspect

[0042] This invention also provides a method for coupling the tiered purification of riparian medicinal wetlands with the harvesting of Chinese medicinal herbs, comprising the following steps:

[0043] S1. The water inlet is sequentially introduced into multiple medicinal wetland purification stages set up from high to low along the waterfront slope, and multiple medicinal wetland sub-areas in each of the medicinal wetland purification stages are connected in parallel to treat the water inlet.

[0044] S2. Determine the current purification capacity and available purification margin based on the inflow and outflow rates and pollutant concentrations of each medicinal wetland sub-zone.

[0045] S3. Determine the candidate harvesting sub-areas based on the growth stage of Chinese medicinal materials, the maturity of effective components, and the detection results of risk substances;

[0046] S4. Determine the predicted purification gap based on the proposed harvesting range of the candidate harvesting sub-region, the current purification capacity, and the remaining purification capacity of the continuous purification retention layer.

[0047] S5. Based on the available purification margin of the remaining medicinal wetland sub-regions, select a set of compensating medicinal wetland sub-regions, and generate a harvesting command when the sum of the available purification margins of the compensating medicinal wetland sub-regions is not less than the sum of the predicted purification gap and the preset safety margin.

[0048] S6. Before harvesting, the pollution load borne by the candidate harvesting sub-area is transferred to the compensation medicinal wetland sub-area set. During the harvesting period, the candidate harvesting sub-area is controlled to be isolated and circulated. After harvesting, the candidate harvesting sub-area is controlled to be gradually reconnected to the cascade purification water circuit according to the purification capacity recovery results.

[0049] S7. Based on the purification capacity monitoring results during the reconnection process, update the available purification capacity of the corresponding medicinal wetland sub-area and the predicted purification gap for subsequent harvesting.

[0050] This invention provides a coupled system and method for tiered purification of riparian medicinal wetlands and harvesting of Chinese medicinal herbs. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0051] 1. This invention determines the predicted purification gap based on the proposed harvesting range of the candidate harvesting sub-region, the current purification capacity, and the remaining purification capacity of the continuous purification retention layer. It then selects a set of compensating medicinal wetland sub-regions based on the available purification margin of the remaining sub-regions. A harvesting command is only generated when the sum of the available purification margins of the compensating medicinal wetland sub-regions is not less than the sum of the predicted purification gap and the preset safety margin. Simultaneously, the pollution load borne by the candidate harvesting sub-regions is transferred before harvesting, the candidate harvesting sub-regions are isolated and circulated during harvesting, and after harvesting, the candidate harvesting sub-regions are gradually reconnected to the cascade purification waterway based on the purification capacity recovery results. This incorporates the harvesting of medicinal herbs into the dynamic balancing process of the cascade wetland purification capacity, preventing the purification capacity gap caused by harvesting from being directly transmitted to the effluent end of the cascade medicinal wetland module, thus improving the continuity and stability of the water purification process during the harvesting of medicinal herbs.

[0052] 2. This invention sequentially sets up a harvestable medicinal herb planting layer, a rhizosphere exchange interface, and a continuous purification and retention layer within a medicinal wetland sub-region. The harvestable medicinal herb planting layer comprises multiple independently set medicinal herb planting units, and the continuous purification and retention layer comprises a fixed substrate and a biofilm carrier, which are retained within the corresponding medicinal wetland sub-region during the harvesting period of the medicinal herb planting units. This separates the periodically harvestable medicinal herb planting structure from the continuously operating substrate purification structure, allowing rhizosphere exchange of water and soluble substances while minimizing disturbance to the fixed substrate and biofilm carrier during medicinal herb harvesting, thus preserving the basic purification capacity during harvesting.

[0053] 3. This invention determines the pollutant removal mass per unit time based on the influent flow rate, effluent flow rate, influent pollutant concentration, and effluent pollutant concentration of each medicinal wetland sub-region, and uses this pollutant removal mass as the current purification capacity. This capacity is then combined with a stable purification capacity benchmark to determine the available purification margin. Compared to judging wetland operating status solely based on pollutant removal rate, this method reflects the actual pollution load that each medicinal wetland sub-region can handle under different influent flow rates and pollutant concentrations, providing a unified data foundation for predicting purification gaps, compensating for the selection of medicinal wetland sub-regions, and adjusting influent flow rates.

[0054] 4. This invention determines candidate harvesting sub-regions based on the growth stage of Chinese medicinal materials, the maturity of effective components, and the detection results of hazardous substances. The harvested materials are then distributed to the Chinese medicinal material utilization channel, the non-medicinal resource utilization channel, or the isolation and disposal channel through the harvested material diversion module. This ensures that the harvesting conditions of Chinese medicinal materials are simultaneously constrained by the maturity of effective components and the safety status of the medicinal materials. This avoids directly using wetland plants enriched with hazardous substances as Chinese medicinal materials based solely on the plant maturity cycle, and improves the reliability of determining the use of harvested materials from waterfront medicinal wetlands.

[0055] 5. After harvesting, this invention increases the influent flow rate in stages based on the current purification capacity and effluent pollutant concentration of the candidate harvesting sub-region. It also updates the available purification margin and the predicted purification gap corresponding to subsequent harvesting based on the purification capacity monitoring results during the reconnection process. This enables the cascade medicinal wetland module to form a continuously corrected harvesting control basis according to different Chinese medicinal materials, different planned harvesting ranges, and different operating environments, thereby improving the matching degree between subsequent harvesting control and the actual purification status. Attached Figure Description

[0056] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a waterfront medicinal wetland tiered purification and Chinese medicinal herb harvesting coupling system proposed in this invention;

[0057] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a method for coupling the tiered purification of riparian medicinal wetlands with the harvesting of Chinese medicinal materials proposed in this invention;

[0058] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the harvesting coupled waterway control proposed in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0059] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0060] It should be noted that the water inflow in this invention includes surface runoff collected in waterfront areas, low-pollution drainage from farmland, circulating water from landscape water bodies, and tailwater that has been pretreated and is suitable for entering the ecological wetland. Water bodies containing heavy metals, toxic organic matter, or other hazardous substances exceeding the wetland's acceptance criteria must be pretreated before entering the cascade medicinal wetland module and must not be directly used as a water source for cultivating Chinese medicinal herbs.

[0061] In this invention, purification capacity refers to the actual mass of pollutants removed by a medicinal wetland sub-region per unit time, which can be determined separately for total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, and organic matter. Current purification capacity, stable purification capacity benchmark, available purification margin, predicted purification gap, and preset safety margin can all be represented in vector form containing the corresponding values ​​of one or more pollutants. When multiple pollutants are involved, "not less than" in this invention means that each pollutant satisfies a corresponding numerical relationship.

[0062] Example 1: This example provides a coupled system for the tiered purification of riparian medicinal wetlands and the harvesting of Chinese medicinal herbs, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes a tiered medicinal wetland module, a purification capacity monitoring module, a medicinal material harvesting determination module, a harvesting disturbance prediction module, a purification capacity matching module, a harvesting coupled waterway control module, and a harvested material diversion module.

[0063] The tiered medicinal wetland module comprises multiple medicinal wetland purification stages connected sequentially from high to low along the waterfront slope. An elevation difference is set between adjacent medicinal wetland purification stages, allowing the effluent from the previous medicinal wetland purification stage to flow into the next medicinal wetland purification stage by gravity.

[0064] In this embodiment, the tiered medicinal wetland module includes three levels of medicinal wetland purification, with the elevation difference between the wetland bed surfaces of adjacent medicinal wetland purification levels ranging from 0.3 meters to 0.8 meters. Each medicinal wetland purification level includes two parallel-connected medicinal wetland sub-regions. In other embodiments, each medicinal wetland purification level may include three or more medicinal wetland sub-regions.

[0065] Each medicinal wetland purification stage includes a distribution pipe and a collection pipe. The distribution pipes are connected to the independent inlet channels of each medicinal wetland sub-area, and the collection pipes are connected to the independent outlet channels of each medicinal wetland sub-area. The collection pipe of the previous medicinal wetland purification stage is connected to the distribution pipe of the next medicinal wetland purification stage, thus forming a stepped purification waterway from high to low.

[0066] Each water inlet channel is equipped with an inlet control valve, each water outlet channel is equipped with an outlet control valve, and each return channel is equipped with a return control valve. Each control valve is connected to the harvesting coupled water circuit control module, enabling each medicinal wetland sub-area to independently adjust its inlet flow rate, outlet status, and return status.

[0067] Each medicinal wetland sub-area is also equipped with an inlet flow meter and an outlet flow meter. The inlet flow meter is installed on a separate inlet channel, and the outlet flow meter is installed on a separate outlet channel. The distribution pipe can be equipped with flow regulation branches, so that the inlet flow of each medicinal wetland sub-area can be distributed according to control commands.

[0068] Each medicinal wetland sub-area comprises, from top to bottom, a harvestable medicinal herb planting layer, a rhizosphere exchange interface, and a continuous purification and retention layer, with a water collection space located below the continuous purification and retention layer. An independent inlet channel leads water from the waterfront to the upstream end of the harvestable medicinal herb planting layer. The water then passes sequentially through the harvestable medicinal herb planting layer, the rhizosphere exchange interface, and the continuous purification and retention layer before entering the water collection space and being discharged through an independent outlet channel.

[0069] The harvestable medicinal herb planting layer comprises multiple independently set medicinal herb planting units. These units can be planting frames, planting baskets, or planting troughs with permeable sidewalls and bottoms. Multiple medicinal herb planting units are arranged in rows and columns, with water flow channels between adjacent units.

[0070] The medicinal herb cultivation unit is equipped with a planting substrate suitable for the root growth of medicinal herbs. Depending on the type of medicinal herb, the planting substrate may include soil, sand, fine gravel, expanded clay pebbles, and organic matter amendments. Suitable medicinal herbs include Alisma plantago-aquatica, Acorus tatarinowii, Acorus calamus, or other moisture-loving medicinal herbs.

[0071] When harvesting the above-ground parts of Chinese medicinal herbs, the medicinal herb planting unit is kept within the harvestable medicinal herb planting layer, and only the above-ground parts that have reached the harvesting conditions are harvested in sections; when harvesting the rhizomes of Chinese medicinal herbs, the corresponding medicinal herb planting unit is moved out of the harvestable medicinal herb planting layer as a whole, thereby reducing disturbance to adjacent medicinal herb planting units and the continuous purification and retention layer.

[0072] The rhizosphere exchange interface includes a permeable baffle and a root-restricting net mounted on the baffle. The permeable baffle has multiple permeable holes, and the root-restricting net covers the permeable holes and is fixed to the baffle. The permeable baffle supports the medicinal herb planting unit, while the root-restricting net restricts the entry of the main roots and coarse roots of the medicinal herbs into the continuous purification and retention layer, while allowing water, dissolved oxygen, soluble nutrients, and root exudates to pass through.

[0073] In this embodiment, the permeable baffle has an opening rate of 20% to 45%, and the root-limiting mesh has a mesh size of 0.5 mm to 2 mm. These parameters can be adjusted according to the root diameter and hydraulic load of the medicinal herbs.

[0074] The continuous purification and retention layer includes a fixed substrate and a biofilm carrier placed within the fixed substrate. The fixed substrate can include gravel, zeolite, ceramsite, or other porous materials with filtration, adsorption, and microbial attachment capabilities. The biofilm carrier is fixed within the continuous purification and retention layer by a support frame and is not removed with the medicinal herb cultivation unit when it is harvested.

[0075] In one embodiment, the thickness of the continuous purification retention layer is 0.3 to 0.6 meters. The fixed substrate is arranged in different particle size sections according to the water flow direction, with a larger particle size fixed substrate used on the inlet side and a smaller particle size fixed substrate used on the outlet side to reduce the risk of local clogging. The biofilm carrier is arranged at intervals along the water flow direction to ensure that the water comes into full contact with the biofilm when passing through the continuous purification retention layer.

[0076] One end of the reflux channel is connected to the water collection space, and the other end is connected to the inlet of the corresponding medicinal wetland sub-zone. A reflux pump and a reflux control valve are installed on the reflux channel. When the medicinal wetland sub-zone is in isolation circulation, the reflux pump will transport the water in the water collection space back to the inlet of the medicinal wetland sub-zone, so that the water flows through the continuous purification and retention layer repeatedly.

[0077] By layering the harvestable medicinal herb planting layer with the continuous purification retention layer, the harvesting of Chinese medicinal herbs only removes the target medicinal herbs from the planting unit, while the fixed matrix and biofilm carrier remain in the medicinal wetland sub-area, thus preserving the basic purification structure for continuous water treatment during the harvesting period.

[0078] The purification capacity monitoring module is used to determine the current purification capacity and available purification margin based on the influent and effluent flow rates and pollutant concentrations of each medicinal wetland sub-zone.

[0079] The purification capacity monitoring module includes a flow acquisition unit, a water quality acquisition unit, an operating status acquisition unit, and a purification capacity calculation unit.

[0080] The flow acquisition unit is connected to the inlet flow meter and the outlet flow meter respectively, and is used to collect the inlet flow and outlet flow of each medicinal wetland sub-zone.

[0081] The water quality acquisition unit is used to collect the influent and effluent pollutant concentrations of each medicinal wetland sub-zone. The unit can include an online water quality sensor and an automatic sampler. The online water quality sensor continuously monitors ammonia nitrogen, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, and redox potential; the automatic sampler collects water samples at set intervals and obtains the concentrations of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and organic matter through laboratory testing.

[0082] The operation status acquisition unit is used to collect data on water level, matrix permeability, dissolved oxygen, oxidation-reduction potential, and the operating status of each control valve in the medicinal wetland sub-area.

[0083] The purification capacity calculation unit correlates data according to the medicinal wetland sub-region number, collection time, and pollutant type. For the i-th medicinal wetland sub-region and the p-th pollutant, its current purification capacity at time t is determined by the following formula:

[0084] ;

[0085] In the formula:

[0086] This represents the current purification capacity of the i-th medicinal wetland sub-region for the p-th pollutant;

[0087] This represents the inflow rate of the i-th medicinal wetland sub-region;

[0088] This represents the outflow rate of the i-th medicinal wetland sub-region;

[0089] This represents the concentration of the p-th pollutant in the influent of the i-th medicinal wetland sub-area;

[0090] This represents the concentration of the p-th pollutant in the effluent from the i-th medicinal wetland sub-region.

[0091] When the flow rate is expressed in cubic meters per day and the pollutant concentration in milligrams per liter, the current purification capacity can be converted to grams per day. The purification capacity calculation unit performs a moving average of the calculation results over multiple consecutive sampling periods to reduce the impact of single detection errors on the control results.

[0092] The stable purification capacity benchmark is determined based on historical purification data of each medicinal wetland sub-zone under stable operating conditions. Stable operating conditions refer to the sub-zone meeting the following conditions over multiple consecutive hydraulic retention cycles:

[0093] The influent flow rate is within the set flow range;

[0094] The independent inlet channel, independent outlet channel, and return channel were not switched;

[0095] The concentration of pollutants in the effluent shall not exceed the preset effluent threshold.

[0096] No abnormalities were observed in the water level or the permeability of the matrix.

[0097] The purification capacity calculation unit categorizes historical purification data according to influent flow range, water temperature range, and the growth stage of Chinese medicinal herbs, and determines a stable purification capacity benchmark from historical purification data of the same operating category. Preferably, the lower quartile of historical stable purification capacity is used as the stable purification capacity benchmark, thereby reducing the overestimation of available purification margin due to short-term high purification capacity.

[0098] For the i-th medicinal wetland sub-region and the p-th pollutant, the purification margin can be determined according to the following formula:

[0099] ;

[0100] In the formula:

[0101] This represents the available purification margin for the p-th pollutant in the i-th medicinal wetland sub-region;

[0102] This represents the benchmark for the stable purification capacity of the i-th medicinal wetland sub-region for the p-th pollutant;

[0103] This represents the operational state coefficient of the i-th medicinal wetland sub-region.

[0104] When the effluent pollutant concentration of the medicinal wetland sub-region is not higher than the preset effluent threshold, and the water level, matrix permeability, and control valve are all in normal condition, the operating state coefficient is 1; when any operating state does not meet the requirements, the operating state coefficient is 0, and the corresponding medicinal wetland sub-region does not participate in the screening of the compensation medicinal wetland sub-region set.

[0105] The medicinal herb harvesting determination module is used to determine candidate harvesting sub-regions based on the growth stage of Chinese medicinal herbs, the maturity of their effective components, and the results of risk substance detection.

[0106] The medicinal herb harvesting determination module establishes medicinal herb growth records according to the sub-region number of medicinal wetlands. The medicinal herb growth records include at least the type of Chinese medicinal herb, planting time, medicinal part, growth stage, expected harvest window, test results of effective components, and test results of risk substances.

[0107] The growth stage of medicinal herbs can be determined based on planting time, phenological characteristics, and image monitoring results. Image monitoring equipment is installed above the medicinal wetland sub-area to collect data on plant coverage, plant height, leaf color, and flowering status. The herb harvesting determination module compares the image monitoring results with the corresponding herb's growth period records to determine the current growth stage.

[0108] The maturity of active ingredients is determined based on the detection results of active ingredients in the medicinal parts of Chinese medicinal herbs. In practice, representative samples are collected from different medicinal herb cultivation units according to a preset sampling cycle. The content of the target active ingredients is detected, and the results are compared with the harvest reference values ​​for the corresponding Chinese medicinal herbs. When the content of the target active ingredients reaches the harvest reference value, the maturity of the active ingredients is considered to have met the preset maturity conditions.

[0109] The results of hazardous substance testing include those from the influent of the medicinal wetland sub-area and from the tissues of the medicinal herbs. Hazardous substances include at least one of heavy metals, pesticide residues, and persistent organic pollutants. Sampling locations are determined based on the medicinal parts of the medicinal herbs; when the medicinal part is the rhizome, rhizome tissue is collected; when the medicinal part is the leaf or above-ground stem, the corresponding above-ground tissue is collected.

[0110] The medicinal herb harvesting assessment module determines the safety status of medicinal herbs based on the content of risk substances in the herb tissues. If the content of all risk substances meets the medicinal requirements, the medicinal herb's safety status meets the medicinal requirements; if the content of any one risk substance does not meet the medicinal requirements, the medicinal herb's safety status does not meet the medicinal requirements.

[0111] When the growth stage of Chinese medicinal materials in a medicinal wetland sub-region reaches the preset harvesting stage, the maturity of effective components reaches the preset maturity conditions, and the safety status of the medicinal materials meets the medicinal conditions, the corresponding medicinal wetland sub-region will be identified as a candidate harvesting sub-region.

[0112] When Chinese medicinal materials reach the preset harvesting stage, but their safety status does not meet the requirements for medicinal use, no Chinese medicinal material harvesting instruction is generated. The harvested materials are processed according to the non-medicinal resource utilization channel or isolation disposal channel determined by the harvested material diversion module.

[0113] The harvesting disturbance prediction module is used to determine the predicted purification gap based on the proposed harvesting range of the candidate harvesting sub-region, the current purification capacity, and the remaining purification capacity of the continuous purification retention layer.

[0114] First, the scope of harvesting disturbance is determined based on the number of medicinal plant planting units that meet the harvesting conditions in the candidate harvesting sub-region, the total number of medicinal plant planting units, and the parts of medicinal plants to be removed.

[0115] When only the above-ground parts of medicinal herbs are harvested, the harvesting disturbance range is determined based on the area to be harvested and the harvesting height; when the entire medicinal herb is removed from the planting unit and the rhizome is harvested, the harvesting disturbance range is determined based on the area of ​​the medicinal herb planting unit to be removed and its proportion in the harvestable medicinal herb planting layer.

[0116] Subsequently, based on the area ratio of unharvested medicinal herb planting units, plant coverage, and historical purification contribution, the retention purification capacity of unharvested areas after harvesting was determined.

[0117] The remaining purification capacity of the continuous purification retention layer is determined based on historical isolation cycle data of the continuous purification retention layer. In the initial operation and when no historical isolation cycle data is available, a short-term isolation test can be conducted in a selected medicinal wetland sub-area during the non-harvest period, allowing the water to circulate only through the continuous purification retention layer, and the remaining purification capacity can be determined based on the changes in pollutant quality before and after the isolation test.

[0118] For the harvesting candidate sub-region h and the p-th pollutant, the predicted cleanup gap is determined according to the following formula:

[0119] ;

[0120] In the formula:

[0121] This represents the predicted remediation gap for the p-th pollutant in the candidate harvesting sub-region h.

[0122] This indicates the current purification capacity of candidate harvesting sub-region h for the p-th pollutant before harvesting;

[0123] This indicates the ability of the unharvested area to retain and purify the p-th pollutant after harvesting.

[0124] This indicates the remaining purification capacity of the continuous purification retention layer for the p-th pollutant.

[0125] When the sum of the remaining purification capacity of the unharvested area after harvest and the remaining purification capacity of the continuous purification retention layer is not less than the current purification capacity before harvest, the predicted purification gap is set to zero.

[0126] The harvest disturbance prediction module can also determine the estimated recovery time based on historical harvest records. These records include the harvested area percentage, removed parts of the medicinal plant, replanting time, current purification capacity at each point after harvest, and the time required to recover to a stable purification capacity baseline. The estimated recovery time is used to set the adjustment period for gradual reconnection after harvest.

[0127] The purification margin matching module is used to screen and compensate for the set of medicinal wetland sub-regions based on the available purification margin of the remaining medicinal wetland sub-regions.

[0128] The purification capacity matching module first excludes the following medicinal wetland sub-areas:

[0129] Medicinal wetland sub-area in preparation for harvesting;

[0130] Medicinal wetland sub-area in a state of isolation and circulation;

[0131] Medicinal wetland sub-area is in a state of gradual reconnection;

[0132] A medicinal wetland sub-region with an operating state coefficient of zero;

[0133] Medicinal wetland sub-areas that share a faulty branch pipe or water collection pipe with the harvesting candidate sub-area.

[0134] For the remaining medicinal wetland sub-regions, the purification margin matching module sorts them in descending order of available purification margin. When multiple pollutants are controlled simultaneously, the available purification margin for each pollutant is normalized, and the minimum value among the normalized results is used as the sorting criterion to avoid prioritizing medicinal wetland sub-regions with large available purification margins for only a single pollutant.

[0135] The purification margin matching module sequentially selects medicinal wetland sub-regions and accumulates the corresponding available purification margins until the accumulated available purification margins meet the following conditions for each pollutant:

[0136] ;

[0137] In the formula:

[0138] This represents the set of compensatory medicinal wetland subregions selected from the harvest candidate subregion h;

[0139] This represents the available purification margin of the j-th compensated medicinal wetland sub-region for the p-th pollutant;

[0140] This represents the predicted remediation gap for the p-th pollutant in the candidate harvesting sub-region h.

[0141] This represents the preset safety margin corresponding to the p-th pollutant.

[0142] The preset safety margin is determined based on the historical fluctuation range of the influent load along the waterfront, sensor measurement errors, and short-term fluctuation range of the purification capacity of the medicinal wetland sub-zone. Preferably, the preset safety margin is 10% to 30% of the predicted purification shortfall.

[0143] When the sum of the available purification margins of the compensated medicinal wetland sub-regions is not less than the sum of the predicted purification gap and the preset safety margin, the purification margin matching module generates a harvesting instruction and sends the compensated medicinal wetland sub-regions and the target incremental flow of each compensated medicinal wetland sub-region to the harvesting coupled waterway control module.

[0144] When the sum of the available purification margins of the remaining medicinal wetland sub-regions is less than the sum of the predicted purification gap and the preset safety margin, the purification margin matching module will not generate a harvesting instruction and will delay the harvesting time of the candidate sub-regions.

[0145] When the harvesting window for Chinese medicinal herbs can no longer be delayed, the purification capacity matching module reduces the influent flow rate of the cascade medicinal wetland module until the reduced pollution load matches the available purification capacity of the remaining medicinal wetland sub-zones.

[0146] The harvesting coupling water circuit control module is connected to the independent inlet channel, the independent outlet channel, and the return channel, respectively, and is used to perform pre-harvest load transfer, isolation circulation during harvesting, and gradual reconnection after harvesting.

[0147] like Figure 3 As shown, the harvesting coupled water circuit control module divides the medicinal wetland sub-area into normal purification state, harvesting preparation state, isolation circulation state, and gradual reconnection state.

[0148] After receiving the harvesting command, the harvesting coupling waterway control module switches the harvesting candidate sub-region to the harvesting preparation state.

[0149] The harvesting coupled waterway control module reduces the influent flow rate of the harvesting candidate sub-regions in stages according to multiple adjustment cycles, and increases the influent flow rate of the compensation medicinal wetland sub-regions in stages. Within each adjustment cycle, the flow rate reduction of the harvesting candidate sub-regions does not exceed 20% of their design influent flow rate.

[0150] The increase in flow rate for each compensating medicinal wetland sub-region is allocated based on the proportion of available purification capacity in each sub-region. The sub-region with the larger available purification capacity can handle the larger increase in flow rate.

[0151] After each adjustment cycle is completed, the purification capacity monitoring module detects the effluent pollutant concentration, water level, and matrix infiltration status of the compensating medicinal wetland sub-area.

[0152] When the effluent pollutant concentration of the compensating medicinal wetland sub-region is not higher than the preset effluent threshold, and the water level and matrix permeability are normal, the harvesting coupled water circuit control module executes the next adjustment cycle; when the effluent pollutant concentration of any compensating medicinal wetland sub-region exceeds the preset effluent threshold, or when an abnormal water level occurs, the increase in the influent flow rate of the corresponding compensating medicinal wetland sub-region is stopped, and the purification margin matching is re-executed.

[0153] Once the inlet flow rate of the candidate harvesting sub-area drops to the harvesting flow rate threshold, its inlet control valve is closed, and the corresponding medicinal herb planting unit is allowed to enter the harvesting operation.

[0154] Once the harvesting period begins, the harvesting coupling water circuit control module closes the inlet and outlet control valves of the harvesting candidate sub-area, opens the reflux control valve, and starts the reflux pump, allowing the water in the harvesting candidate sub-area to flow through the reflux channel and pass through the continuous purification retention layer for isolation and circulation.

[0155] The circulation flow rate of the isolation loop is 20% to 50% of the normal influent flow rate of the harvesting candidate sub-zone, which is used to maintain the moisture of the fixation substrate and the water exchange on the surface of the biofilm carrier.

[0156] When harvesting the above-ground parts of medicinal herbs, harvest them row by row or column by column according to the planting unit. When harvesting the rhizomes, remove them from the corresponding planting unit according to the harvesting instructions. Planting units not included in the harvesting instructions should remain in place.

[0157] Matrix particles, residual roots, and suspended solids generated during harvesting are retained within the harvesting candidate sub-zone and do not enter the next medicinal wetland purification stage via a separate effluent channel. During the isolation cycle, filter components can be installed on the return channel to intercept solid particles generated by harvesting disturbance.

[0158] After harvesting, the removed medicinal herb planting units are replanted or replaced, and the replanted units are then reinstalled in the harvestable medicinal herb planting layer. Isolation and circulation are then maintained until the turbidity, water level, and return water quality in the candidate harvesting area meet the conditions for reconnection.

[0159] After the harvesting candidate sub-regions have completed harvesting and replanting, the harvesting coupled waterway control module switches them to a gradual reconnection state.

[0160] First, open the inlet control valve and keep the outlet control valve closed to allow a small amount of water from the waterfront to enter the harvesting candidate area and mix with the original circulating water. After the mixed water passes through the continuous purification and retention layer, collect water samples from the outlet.

[0161] When the concentration of pollutants in the effluent does not exceed the preset effluent threshold, the effluent control valve is opened, and the influent flow rate is increased in stages according to 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the designed influent flow rate. The above proportions are only one implementation method, and other incremental proportions can be set according to the expected recovery time.

[0162] After each stage, the purification capacity monitoring module re-determines the current purification capacity of the harvesting candidate sub-region. When the current purification capacity reaches the preset recovery threshold and the effluent pollutant concentration reaches the preset effluent threshold, the next influent flow rate stage begins.

[0163] The preset recovery threshold is determined based on the stable purification capacity benchmark of the candidate harvesting sub-region before harvesting, and can be set to 70% to 90% of the stable purification capacity benchmark. The preset effluent threshold is determined based on the effluent control requirements of the cascade medicinal wetland module.

[0164] When the current purification capacity of any stage is lower than the preset recovery threshold, or the concentration of pollutants in the effluent is higher than the preset effluent threshold, the harvesting coupling water circuit control module stops increasing the influent flow rate and reduces it to the influent flow rate of the previous stage; when the recovery requirements are still not met after two consecutive detection cycles, the effluent control valve is closed again and the isolation cycle is restored.

[0165] When the harvesting candidate sub-region meets the preset recovery threshold and preset effluent threshold for multiple consecutive hydraulic retention cycles under the designed influent flow rate, the harvesting coupling water circuit control module switches it to normal purification state.

[0166] The harvested material diversion module is used to allocate the harvested materials for different uses based on the maturity of the active ingredients and the content of hazardous substances.

[0167] For harvested materials that meet the medicinal conditions in terms of both the maturity of effective components and the content of risk substances, the harvested material diversion module generates a Chinese medicinal material utilization identifier and assigns it to the Chinese medicinal material utilization channel.

[0168] For harvested materials whose active ingredients do not meet the maturity requirements for medicinal use or are unsuitable for use as traditional Chinese medicine, but whose content of hazardous substances meets the requirements for resource utilization, the harvested material diversion module generates a non-medicinal resource utilization identifier and assigns it to the non-medicinal resource utilization channel. Non-medicinal resource utilization treatment includes the preparation of non-edible garden substrates, biomass fuels, or other resource utilization treatments that do not enter the pharmaceutical, food, and feed chains.

[0169] For harvested materials whose content of hazardous substances does not meet the conditions for resource utilization, the harvested material diversion module generates an isolation and disposal label and assigns it to the isolation and disposal channel.

[0170] Separate containers are set up for the channels for the utilization of Chinese medicinal materials, the non-medicinal resource utilization channel, and the isolation and disposal channel, and the medicinal wetland sub-area number, harvest time, test batch, and diversion results of the harvested materials are recorded.

[0171] Example 2: This example provides a method for coupling the tiered purification of riparian medicinal wetlands with the harvesting of Chinese medicinal herbs, such as... Figure 2 As shown, it includes the following steps.

[0172] S1. The water inflow is sequentially introduced into multiple medicinal wetland purification stages set up along the waterfront slope from high to low, and multiple medicinal wetland sub-areas in each medicinal wetland purification stage are connected in parallel to treat the water inflow.

[0173] Specifically, the incoming water first enters the distribution pipe of the first-level medicinal wetland purification stage, and then is distributed by the distribution pipe to multiple medicinal wetland sub-areas within the first-level medicinal wetland purification stage.

[0174] After being treated by the first-stage medicinal wetland purification system, the water flows into the corresponding collection pipe and then into the distribution pipe of the second-stage medicinal wetland purification system due to the elevation difference. The water flows through the remaining medicinal wetland purification stages in sequence, and finally is discharged into the receiving water body or reclaimed water body through the final collection pipe.

[0175] Under normal operating conditions, multiple medicinal wetland sub-zones within the same medicinal wetland purification stage operate in parallel with the same or similar influent flow rates. During harvesting, the influent flow rate of each medicinal wetland sub-zone is adjusted according to the harvesting instructions.

[0176] S2. Determine the current purification capacity and available purification margin based on the inflow and outflow rates and pollutant concentrations of each medicinal wetland sub-area.

[0177] Specifically, the influent flow rate, effluent flow rate, influent pollutant concentration, and effluent pollutant concentration of each medicinal wetland sub-area are obtained according to the set collection cycle, and the current purification capacity is determined based on the pollutant quality difference.

[0178] Based on the influent flow rate range, water temperature range, and the growth stage of Chinese medicinal herbs, data under stable operating conditions are matched from historical purification data to determine the benchmark for stable purification capacity.

[0179] The available purification margin is determined based on the difference between the stable purification capacity benchmark and the current purification capacity. When the effluent pollutant concentration of the medicinal wetland sub-zone is higher than the preset effluent threshold, or when the water level or matrix permeability is abnormal, the corresponding available purification margin is determined to be zero.

[0180] S3. Determine the candidate harvesting sub-areas based on the growth stage of Chinese medicinal materials, the maturity of effective components, and the detection results of risk substances.

[0181] Specifically, the planting time, phenological characteristics, and image monitoring results of Chinese medicinal herbs in each medicinal wetland sub-region were obtained to determine the growth stage of the Chinese medicinal herbs.

[0182] The content of target effective components in the medicinal parts of Chinese medicinal materials is tested according to the set sampling cycle, and the maturity of effective components is determined based on the comparison results between the target effective component content and the harvest reference value.

[0183] The safety status of medicinal materials is determined based on the water ingress risk level of the corresponding medicinal wetland area and the content of risk substances in the tissues of the medicinal materials.

[0184] When the growth stage reaches the preset harvesting stage, the maturity of the effective components reaches the preset maturity conditions, and the safety status of the medicinal material meets the medicinal conditions, the corresponding medicinal wetland sub-region will be identified as a candidate harvesting sub-region.

[0185] S4. Determine the predicted purification gap based on the proposed harvesting range of the candidate harvesting sub-region, the current purification capacity, and the remaining purification capacity of the continuous purification retention layer.

[0186] Specifically, the scope of harvesting disturbance is determined based on the number of medicinal plant planting units to be harvested, the area to be harvested, and the parts of the medicinal plants to be removed.

[0187] The purification capacity to be retained is determined based on the area ratio of unharvested medicinal herb planting units, plant coverage, and historical purification contributions.

[0188] The remaining purification capacity is determined based on the pollutant removal quality of the continuous purification retention layer under historical isolation cycle conditions.

[0189] Subtract the retained purification capacity and remaining purification capacity from the current purification capacity of the harvesting candidate sub-region, and determine the positive value obtained as the predicted purification gap.

[0190] S5. Based on the available purification margin of the remaining medicinal wetland sub-regions, select a set of compensating medicinal wetland sub-regions, and generate a harvesting command when the sum of the available purification margins of the compensating medicinal wetland sub-regions is not less than the sum of the predicted purification gap and the preset safety margin.

[0191] Specifically, medicinal wetland sub-areas that are in a state of harvest preparation, isolation and circulation, gradual reconnection, or abnormal operation are excluded.

[0192] The remaining medicinal wetland sub-regions were selected in descending order of available purification margin, and the available purification margins corresponding to the selected results were accumulated.

[0193] When the accumulated available purification margin is not less than the sum of the predicted purification gap and the preset safety margin, the selected medicinal wetland sub-regions are determined as the set of compensation medicinal wetland sub-regions and a harvesting instruction is generated.

[0194] When the sum of available purification capacity in the remaining medicinal wetland sub-regions is insufficient, the harvesting time of the candidate harvesting sub-regions is delayed; when harvesting cannot be delayed, the inflow rate of the cascade medicinal wetland modules is reduced and rematching is performed.

[0195] S6. Before harvesting, transfer the pollution load of the candidate harvesting sub-area to the compensation medicinal wetland sub-area. During the harvesting period, control the candidate harvesting sub-area to be isolated and circulated. After harvesting, control the candidate harvesting sub-area to be gradually reconnected to the cascade purification waterway based on the results of purification capacity recovery.

[0196] Specifically, before harvesting, the water inlet control valves of the candidate harvesting sub-areas are closed in stages, while the opening of the water inlet control valves of the compensating medicinal wetland sub-areas is increased in stages simultaneously.

[0197] During harvesting, the inlet and outlet control valves of the harvesting candidate sub-area are closed, and the reflux control valve is opened, so that the water in the harvesting candidate sub-area flows repeatedly through the continuous purification and retention layer through the reflux channel.

[0198] After harvesting and replanting, water is introduced into the candidate harvesting sub-areas in incremental increments. After each increase in influent flow, the purification capacity recovery result is determined based on the current purification capacity and the concentration of pollutants in the effluent.

[0199] When the current purification capacity reaches the preset recovery threshold and the effluent pollutant concentration reaches the preset effluent threshold, continue to increase the influent flow rate; otherwise, reduce the influent flow rate or restore the isolation circulation.

[0200] S7. Based on the purification capacity monitoring results during the reconnection process, update the available purification capacity of the corresponding medicinal wetland sub-area and the predicted purification gap for subsequent harvesting.

[0201] Specifically, the current purification capacity, effluent pollutant concentration, recovery time, and medicinal herb coverage of the harvested medicinal wetland sub-area at each influent flow stage were recorded.

[0202] Once the medicinal wetland sub-area returns to normal purification status, the percentage of the harvested area, the parts of the medicinal materials removed, the remaining purification capacity of the continuous purification retention layer, and the actual recovery time will be recorded in the historical harvesting record.

[0203] When determining the predicted purification gap corresponding to similar types of Chinese medicinal materials, similar harvested area ratios, and the same removed medicinal material parts, historical harvesting records will be used first to update the retained purification capacity, remaining purification capacity, and estimated recovery time.

[0204] Example 3: This example is used to illustrate a complete operation process and does not constitute a limitation on the system size, pollutant types, and control parameters.

[0205] A three-stage medicinal wetland purification system was constructed on a waterfront slope. Each purification stage consisted of two parallel medicinal wetland sub-zones, forming a total of six medicinal wetland sub-zones. The designed inflow rate for each medicinal wetland sub-zone was 10 cubic meters per day.

[0206] Each medicinal wetland sub-zone has twenty medicinal herb planting units in the harvestable medicinal herb planting layer, and a fixed substrate and biofilm carrier are set up in the continuous purification retention layer. The system uses total nitrogen, total phosphorus and organic matter as controlled pollutants.

[0207] Among them, the Chinese medicinal materials in the first medicinal wetland sub-area of ​​the first-level medicinal wetland purification grade have reached the preset harvesting stage, the maturity of the effective components has reached the preset maturity conditions, and the safety status of the medicinal materials meets the medicinal conditions. Therefore, it has been identified as a candidate harvesting sub-area.

[0208] The current purification capacity of the candidate harvesting sub-regions for total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and organic matter before harvesting is 240 g / day, 36 g / day, and 960 g / day, respectively.

[0209] This harvest aims to target ten medicinal herb cultivation units, representing 50% of the total number of cultivation units. The harvest disturbance prediction module, based on the area proportion of unharvested medicinal herb cultivation units and historical purification contributions, determines the remaining purification capacities to be 105 grams per day, 16 grams per day, and 420 grams per day, respectively. Based on historical isolation cycle data of the continuous purification retention layer, the remaining purification capacities are determined to be 60 grams per day, 9 grams per day, and 240 grams per day, respectively.

[0210] Therefore, the predicted purification gaps for total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and organic matter are 75 grams per day, 11 grams per day, and 300 grams per day, respectively.

[0211] The system sets the corresponding preset safety margins to 15 grams per day, 2 grams per day, and 60 grams per day, respectively. Therefore, the purification margins that the compensating medicinal wetland sub-regions need to jointly bear are no less than 90 grams per day, 13 grams per day, and 360 grams per day, respectively.

[0212] The purification capacity matching module filters the remaining five medicinal wetland sub-regions, excludes one medicinal wetland sub-region that is in a gradual reconnection state, and accumulates them in descending order of available purification capacity.

[0213] The sum of available purification margins for the first three selected medicinal wetland sub-regions is 105 g / day, 15 g / day, and 410 g / day, respectively, all of which are not less than the sum of the predicted purification deficit and the preset safety margin. Therefore, the three medicinal wetland sub-regions are determined as the set of compensating medicinal wetland sub-regions and harvesting instructions are generated.

[0214] The harvesting coupled water circuit control module performs five adjustment cycles by reducing the design influent flow rate of the harvesting candidate sub-zone by 20% each time. For every 2 cubic meters of influent flow rate reduction per day, the corresponding influent flow rate is increased according to the available purification margin of the three compensated medicinal wetland sub-zones.

[0215] After each regulation cycle, the effluent pollutant concentration and water level of the compensated medicinal wetland sub-regions are monitored. Once all compensated medicinal wetland sub-regions have reached the preset effluent threshold and the water level is normal, the next regulation cycle is executed.

[0216] After the influent flow rate of the harvesting candidate sub-area is reduced to zero, the influent control valve and the effluent control valve are closed, and the reflux control valve is opened to isolate and circulate at a circulation flow rate of 30% of the normal influent flow rate.

[0217] After the removal and replanting of ten medicinal herb planting units are completed, the isolation and circulation will continue until the turbidity of the return water and the concentration of pollutants at the outlet water reach the conditions for reconnection.

[0218] Subsequently, the influent flow rate of the harvesting candidate sub-region was gradually increased to 10%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the designed influent flow rate, with each stage lasting for a set detection cycle.

[0219] When the current purification capacity of the candidate harvesting sub-region reaches 80% of the stable purification capacity benchmark and the effluent pollutant concentration is not higher than the preset effluent threshold, it enters the next stage; when the current purification capacity is lower than 80% of the stable purification capacity benchmark, it maintains the current influent flow rate and continues to recover; when the effluent pollutant concentration is higher than the preset effluent threshold, it returns to the previous influent flow rate stage.

[0220] After the harvesting candidate sub-region meets the preset recovery threshold and preset effluent threshold for three consecutive hydraulic retention cycles under the designed influent flow rate, it re-enters the normal purification state.

[0221] Based on the actual predicted purification gap recorded during this harvest, the incremental load borne by the compensating medicinal wetland sub-region set, and the actual recovery time of the harvest candidate sub-region, the system updates the stable purification capacity benchmark, available purification margin, and predicted purification gap corresponding to subsequent harvests for the corresponding medicinal wetland sub-region.

[0222] Through the above implementation method, the harvesting of Chinese medicinal herbs is no longer a periodic maintenance operation independent of the wetland purification process, but is jointly controlled by predicting the purification gap and compensating for the available purification capacity of the medicinal wetland sub-regions. The candidate harvesting sub-regions complete the transfer of pollution load before harvesting, are isolated and circulated through a continuous purification retention layer during harvesting, and are gradually reconnected to the cascade purification waterway after harvesting based on the results of purification capacity recovery. This forms a closed-loop coupling between the state of Chinese medicinal herb harvesting and the state of cascade medicinal wetland purification.

[0223] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A coupled system for tiered purification and harvesting of medicinal herbs in a waterfront medicinal wetland, characterized in that, include: The tiered medicinal wetland module includes multiple medicinal wetland purification stages connected sequentially from high to low along the waterfront slope. Each medicinal wetland purification stage includes at least two parallel medicinal wetland sub-areas. Each medicinal wetland sub-area has an independent inlet channel, an independent outlet channel, and a return channel, and includes a harvestable medicinal herb planting layer, a rhizosphere exchange interface, and a continuous purification and retention layer arranged sequentially. The purification capacity monitoring module is used to determine the current purification capacity and available purification margin based on the inflow and outflow rates and pollutant concentrations of each medicinal wetland sub-zone. The medicinal herb harvesting determination module is used to determine candidate harvesting sub-areas based on the growth stage of Chinese medicinal herbs, the maturity of their effective components, and the results of risk substance detection. The harvesting disturbance prediction module is used to determine the predicted purification gap based on the proposed harvesting range of the harvesting candidate sub-region, the current purification capacity, and the remaining purification capacity of the continuous purification retention layer. The purification margin matching module is used to screen a set of compensating medicinal wetland sub-regions based on the available purification margin of the remaining medicinal wetland sub-regions, and generate a harvesting instruction when the sum of the available purification margins of the compensating medicinal wetland sub-regions is not less than the sum of the predicted purification gap and the preset safety margin. The harvesting coupling water circuit control module is connected to the independent inlet channel, independent outlet channel and return channel respectively. It is used to transfer the pollution load of the harvesting candidate sub-area to the compensation medicinal wetland sub-area before harvesting, control the harvesting candidate sub-area to be isolated and circulated during harvesting, and control the harvesting candidate sub-area to be gradually reconnected to the cascade purification water circuit after harvesting based on the purification capacity recovery results.

2. The coupled system for waterfront medicinal wetland tiered purification and medicinal herb harvesting according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the medicinal wetland purification stages includes a distribution pipe and a collection pipe. The distribution pipe is connected to the independent water inlet channel of each of the medicinal wetland sub-areas, and the collection pipe is connected to the independent water outlet channel of each of the medicinal wetland sub-areas. Adjacent medicinal wetland purification stages are connected through the collection pipe and the distribution pipe. The independent water inlet channel is equipped with an inlet control valve, the independent water outlet channel is equipped with an outlet control valve, and the return channel is equipped with a return control valve.

3. The coupled system for waterfront medicinal wetland tiered purification and medicinal herb harvesting according to claim 1, characterized in that, The harvestable medicinal herb planting layer includes multiple independently set medicinal herb planting units; The rhizosphere exchange interface includes a permeable baffle and a root-limiting mesh disposed on the permeable baffle; The continuous purification and retention layer includes a fixed matrix and a biofilm carrier disposed within the fixed matrix. The continuous purification and retention layer is retained in the corresponding medicinal wetland sub-area during the harvesting period of the medicinal plant planting unit.

4. The coupled system for waterfront medicinal wetland tiered purification and medicinal herb harvesting according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps for determining the current purification capacity and available purification margin include: Based on the influent flow rate, effluent flow rate, influent pollutant concentration, and effluent pollutant concentration of each medicinal wetland sub-area, the pollutant removal mass per unit time is determined, and the pollutant removal mass is used as the current purification capacity. The benchmark for stable purification capacity is determined based on historical purification data of each medicinal wetland sub-region under stable operating conditions. The available purification margin is determined based on the difference between the stable purification capacity benchmark and the current purification capacity.

5. The coupled system for waterfront medicinal wetland tiered purification and medicinal herb harvesting according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps for determining the candidate harvesting sub-regions include: The growth stage and maturity of active ingredients of Chinese medicinal materials in each of the medicinal wetland sub-regions were obtained; The safety status of medicinal materials is determined based on the water ingress risk level of the corresponding medicinal wetland sub-area and the content of risk substances in the tissues of medicinal materials. The medicinal wetland sub-regions that have reached the preset harvesting stage in terms of growth stage, the preset maturity conditions of the effective components, and the medicinal material safety status that meets the conditions for medicinal use are identified as candidate harvesting sub-regions.

6. The coupled system for tiered purification and harvesting of medicinal herbs in a waterfront medicinal wetland according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps for determining the predicted cleanup gap include: The scope of harvest disturbance is determined based on the proposed harvest area and the parts of the medicinal materials to be removed from the proposed harvest candidate sub-regions. The retention and purification capacity of the unharvested area after harvesting is determined based on the harvesting disturbance range, and the remaining purification capacity is determined based on the operation data of the continuous purification and retention layer. The predicted purification gap is determined based on the difference between the current purification capacity of the harvesting candidate sub-region and the sum of the retained purification capacity and the remaining purification capacity.

7. The coupled system for tiered purification and harvesting of medicinal herbs in a waterfront medicinal wetland according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps for screening the set of compensated medicinal wetland subregions include: The remaining medicinal wetland sub-areas were sorted in descending order of available purification capacity; Select medicinal wetland sub-regions sequentially and accumulate the corresponding available purification margins until the accumulated available purification margins are not less than the sum of the predicted purification gap and the preset safety margin. Then, determine the selected medicinal wetland sub-regions as the set of compensation medicinal wetland sub-regions. When the sum of the available purification margins of the remaining medicinal wetland sub-regions is less than the sum of the predicted purification gap and the preset safety margin, the harvesting time of the harvesting candidate sub-regions is delayed or the inflow rate of the cascade medicinal wetland modules is reduced.

8. The coupled system for waterfront medicinal wetland tiered purification and medicinal herb harvesting according to claim 1, characterized in that, The harvesting coupled waterway control module performs the following controls: Before harvesting, the inflow rate of the candidate harvesting sub-regions is reduced in stages, and the inflow rate of the compensation medicinal wetland sub-regions is increased in stages. During harvesting, the independent water outlet channel of the harvesting candidate sub-area is closed, allowing the water in the harvesting candidate sub-area to flow through the return channel and pass through the continuous purification and retention layer for isolation and circulation. After harvesting, a recovery flow rate is input to the harvesting candidate sub-region, and when the current purification capacity of the harvesting candidate sub-region reaches a preset recovery threshold and the effluent pollutant concentration reaches a preset effluent threshold, the influent flow rate of the harvesting candidate sub-region is increased in stages.

9. A coupled system for tiered purification and harvesting of medicinal herbs in a waterfront medicinal wetland according to claim 5, characterized in that, It also includes a harvested material diversion module, used for: Harvested materials that meet the medicinal conditions in terms of both the maturity of effective components and the content of risk substances will be allocated to the Chinese medicinal material utilization channel. Harvested materials whose content of hazardous substances meets the conditions for resource utilization but not for medicinal use will be allocated to the non-medicinal resource utilization channel. Collected materials whose content of hazardous substances does not meet the conditions for resource utilization will be allocated to the isolation and disposal channel.

10. A method for coupling the tiered purification of riparian medicinal wetlands with the harvesting of Chinese medicinal herbs, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. The water inlet is sequentially introduced into multiple medicinal wetland purification stages set up from high to low along the waterfront slope, and multiple medicinal wetland sub-areas in each of the medicinal wetland purification stages are connected in parallel to treat the water inlet. S2. Determine the current purification capacity and available purification margin based on the inflow and outflow rates and pollutant concentrations of each medicinal wetland sub-zone. S3. Determine the candidate harvesting sub-areas based on the growth stage of Chinese medicinal materials, the maturity of effective components, and the detection results of risk substances; S4. Determine the predicted purification gap based on the proposed harvesting range of the candidate harvesting sub-region, the current purification capacity, and the remaining purification capacity of the continuous purification retention layer. S5. Based on the available purification margin of the remaining medicinal wetland sub-regions, select a set of compensating medicinal wetland sub-regions, and generate a harvesting command when the sum of the available purification margins of the compensating medicinal wetland sub-regions is not less than the sum of the predicted purification gap and the preset safety margin. S6. Before harvesting, the pollution load borne by the candidate harvesting sub-area is transferred to the compensation medicinal wetland sub-area set. During the harvesting period, the candidate harvesting sub-area is controlled to be isolated and circulated. After harvesting, the candidate harvesting sub-area is controlled to be gradually reconnected to the cascade purification water circuit according to the purification capacity recovery results. S7. Based on the purification capacity monitoring results during the reconnection process, update the available purification capacity of the corresponding medicinal wetland sub-area and the predicted purification gap for subsequent harvesting.

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