Water-soluble fertilizer containing fruit tree extract and bacillus metabolite and preparation process thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a water-soluble fertilizer containing fruit tree extract and bacillus metabolite and a preparation process. The water-soluble fertilizer comprises a water-soluble inorganic nutrient base component, an organic functional component and a biological active component. The organic functional component comprises a plant source pyrolysis condensate extract, a biodegradable non-ionic surfactant and an optional plant source stress resistance active component. The biological active component comprises non-viable bacillus secondary metabolites. The preparation process comprises the following steps: under the conditions of 20-30 DEG C and normal pressure, sequentially performing a base liquid preparation step, an inorganic nitrogen source dissolving step, an organic additive compounding step, a biological component adding step, an optional plant source stress resistance active component adding step and a standing maturation and filtration step, and avoiding high-speed shearing in the whole process, so as to obtain a full water-soluble preparation. Through accurate component proportioning and low-temperature step-by-step compounding process, the application realizes efficient synergy of inorganic nutrients, organic additives and biological active substances.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural functional water-soluble fertilizer preparation technology, specifically to a water-soluble fertilizer containing fruit tree extract and Bacillus metabolites and its preparation process. Background Technology

[0002] Water-soluble fertilizers are a core fertilizer category in modern large-scale agricultural planting, boasting advantages such as good solubility, convenient application, and rapid fertilizer effect. They are widely used in modern agricultural planting models such as drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, and foliar spraying. However, most conventional water-soluble fertilizers on the market are mainly composed of single nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium inorganic nutrients, with limited functions, only meeting the basic nutrient needs of crops and exhibiting numerous technical shortcomings.

[0003] First, traditional inorganic water-soluble fertilizers contain mostly ionic nutrients, which can easily lead to soil fixation and water and fertilizer loss when applied directly. Crop root absorption and utilization rates are generally low, and long-term single-use application can cause soil compaction, salinization, and imbalance of soil microbial communities, damaging the soil ecological environment. Second, conventional water-soluble fertilizers lack biological regulation, antibacterial, and stress-resistance effects, failing to improve the crop root growth environment. Faced with adverse conditions such as low temperatures, drought, and soil-borne diseases, crops exhibit weak growth, poor resistance, and are prone to problems such as flower and fruit drop, and premature aging.

[0004] In existing technologies, some fertilizers add single biological adjuvants or organic amendments, but there are problems such as unreasonable ratios, poor component compatibility, and easy loss of activity. When biological components are combined with inorganic nutrients, antagonistic reactions are likely to occur, which greatly reduces fertilizer efficiency and biological activity. Moreover, there is a lack of systematic optimization of the compounding process, which makes it impossible to achieve multiple synergistic effects of nutrient supply, soil improvement, stress resistance and yield increase.

[0005] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention provides a bio-enhancing water-soluble fertilizer containing fruit tree extract and Bacillus secondary metabolites, along with its compounding process. Through precise component ratios and a low-temperature, mild compounding process, it achieves highly efficient synergy among inorganic nutrients, organic adjuvants, and bioactive substances, thus providing multiple benefits including crop nutrient supply, soil ecological improvement, and crop stress resistance and yield enhancement. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention addresses the above-mentioned technical problems by providing a water-soluble fertilizer containing fruit tree extract and Bacillus metabolites, comprising water-soluble inorganic nutrient base components, organic functional components, and bioactive components; the water-soluble inorganic nutrient base components include nitrogen sources and phosphorus and potassium chelated nutrient sources; the organic functional components include plant-derived pyrolysis condensation extracts, natural-derived surfactants, and optional plant-derived stress-resistance active components; the bioactive components include microbial secondary metabolites; and the water-soluble fertilizer is a fully water-soluble preparation obtained by compounding under normal temperature and pressure.

[0007] The plant-derived pyrolysis condensation extract is a liquid extract obtained by high-temperature burning, condensation, purification, and filtration of fruit trees and tree residues. It contains one or more of organic acids, phenols, alcohols, and amino acids. The extract is rich in organic active substances, which can regulate soil pH, loosen compacted soil, reduce soil salinization, stimulate crop root cell division, promote taproot elongation and fibrous root germination, enhance root absorption capacity, inhibit the reproduction of harmful soil pathogens, and reduce the occurrence of soil-borne diseases.

[0008] The microbial secondary metabolites are fermentation extracts of Bacillus spp., containing one or more of biostimulants, antimicrobial peptides, enzymes, and auxins, but without live bacteria. The absence of live bacteria survival risk makes its stability far superior to live bacteria preparations. It can efficiently regulate crop growth, promote nutrient transport and accumulation, inhibit fungal and bacterial soil-borne diseases, enhance crop immunity and stress resistance, and alleviate crop continuous cropping obstacles.

[0009] The plant-derived stress-resistant active component is a concentrated extract of plant-derived ingredients containing flavonoids and / or terpenoids; preferably, it is a 10% (w / w) herbal extract rich in glycyrrhizic acid and flavonoids, which has excellent drought and cold resistance effects, can alleviate cell damage caused by crop stress, prolong the photosynthetic cycle of leaves, improve crop photosynthetic efficiency, and at the same time, can chelate soil heavy metals, reduce the toxicity of heavy metals to crops, and improve the quality of agricultural products.

[0010] The natural surfactant is a biodegradable nonionic surfactant with good biodegradability, no residue, and extremely strong compatibility. It can significantly reduce the surface tension of water and fertilizer, improve the adhesion and permeability of fertilizer on crop leaves and roots, promote the rapid penetration of nutrients into plant epidermis and root cell membranes, and significantly improve fertilizer absorption and utilization. At the same time, it can enhance the miscibility of each raw material component, avoid the layering and precipitation of the compound system, and improve the stability of the fertilizer system.

[0011] The nitrogen source is urea with a nitrogen content of 46.6%, providing high-purity and readily available nitrogen to meet the nutrient needs of crop seedlings and foliage growth during the seedling and growth stages, promoting dark green leaves and robust plants. The phosphorus and potassium chelated nutrient source is a chelate solution containing 40% P2O5 and 50% K2O. The chelated phosphorus and potassium nutrients have high stability, are not easily fixed by the soil, and can be quickly absorbed and utilized by crops. Phosphorus promotes crop root development and flower bud differentiation, while potassium enhances crop resistance to lodging and pests and diseases, and promotes fruit enlargement, sweetening, and coloring.

[0012] When the components are compounded according to the specified ratio, they synergistically enhance each other without antagonistic reactions. Organic adjuvants improve soil and activate crop physiological activity, biological metabolites regulate growth, inhibit bacteria and resist stress, surfactants improve nutrient absorption efficiency, and chelated nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium provide balanced and fast-acting nutrition. The components empower each other to achieve the six-in-one technical effect of "soil improvement, root promotion, nutrition, disease resistance, quality improvement and yield increase".

[0013] This invention also provides a compound preparation process for the above-mentioned water-soluble fertilizer, comprising the following steps: S1, Preparation of base solution: Take the appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium chelated nutrient source and put it into the reaction vessel. Stir at 200-300 r / min for 5 min at 20-30℃ to form a uniform base solution. S2, Inorganic nitrogen source dissolution: Add the specified amount of nitrogen source to the base liquid and stir continuously for 10 minutes until completely dissolved to form a composite base liquid; S3, Organic additive compound: Add the plant-derived pyrolysis condensation extract and natural-derived surfactant in the specified proportions, and stir at 300-400 r / min for 15 min until the system is blended; S4, biological component addition: Add the specified amount of microbial secondary metabolites, stir for 10 minutes until uniformly dispersed, and avoid high-speed shearing to prevent bubble generation and inactivation of activity throughout the process; S5, Addition of stress-resistant components: Optionally, add the appropriate amount of plant-derived stress-resistant active components and stir for 15 minutes until completely dissolved; S6, Curing and Filling: After curing at room temperature for 30 minutes, filter through a filter screen of not less than 100 mesh and seal and fill to obtain the finished product.

[0014] All stirring steps in steps S1 to S5 are carried out at room temperature and pressure, and the system temperature does not exceed 30°C, in order to avoid the high-temperature inactivation of bioactive substances.

[0015] The advantages of this invention compared to the prior art are: (1) Scientific composition ratio and significant synergistic effect: By precisely limiting the amount of each raw material, the problem of component antagonism in traditional compound fertilizers is avoided, and the organic, biological and inorganic components are efficiently coordinated, which has multiple functions such as nutrient supply, soil improvement, disease resistance and stress resistance, quality improvement and yield increase.

[0016] (2) Mild process and high activity retention rate: The entire process is carried out at room temperature and pressure in a stepwise compounding process, without the need for high temperature, high pressure and catalytic treatment. It retains the bioactive components in the microbial secondary metabolites, plant-derived pyrolysis condensation extracts and plant-derived stress-resistant active components to the greatest extent. The fertilizer has stable activity and long shelf life.

[0017] (3) Nutrient utilization rate is greatly improved: Combined with natural surfactants as green penetration aids and chelated phosphorus and potassium nutrients, soil nutrients are fixed and lost. The absorption and utilization rate of crop roots and leaves is more than 35% higher than that of conventional water-soluble fertilizers. The fertilizer effect is long-lasting, reducing fertilizer usage and lowering planting costs.

[0018] (4) Improve soil and restore ecology: Plant-derived pyrolysis condensation extract and plant-derived stress-resistant active components can effectively regulate soil acid-base balance, loosen soil, alleviate salinization, optimize soil microbial community structure, and improve the ecology of continuous cropping soil.

[0019] (5) Enhance crop stress resistance and quality: The synergistic effect of microbial secondary metabolites and plant-derived stress-resistant active components can significantly enhance the crop's ability to resist drought, cold and soil-borne diseases, and reduce the amount of pesticides used; at the same time, it promotes the accumulation of crop photosynthetic products, resulting in sweeter, larger and more uniformly colored fruits, effectively improving the quality and market value of agricultural products.

[0020] (6) Wide range of applications and convenient application: The finished product has excellent water solubility, is completely water-soluble and free of impurities, and is suitable for various application methods such as drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, fertigation, and foliar spraying. It is applicable to the entire growth period of various crops such as vegetables, fruits, grains, and flowers. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. These embodiments are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Raw material preparation examples

[0023] 1. Preparation of plant-derived pyrolysis condensation extracts

[0024] Fruit trees and tree branches are collected and carbonized in a furnace at 300–500℃. The volatile flue gas is collected and cooled by a condensation system to obtain the condensate. The condensate is first purified and adsorbed using diatomaceous earth to remove tar and large molecular impurities, and then filtered through a nanomembrane to retain suspended particles larger than 0.1 μm. The permeate is collected to obtain the plant-derived pyrolysis condensate extract. This extract is a brownish-brown liquid with a pH of 2.5–4.0 and contains various natural active substances such as organic acids, phenols, alcohols, and amino acids.

[0025] 2. Preparation of microbial secondary metabolites

[0026] Bacillus subtilis strain was inoculated into liquid fermentation medium and fermented at 30–37°C, with an aeration rate of 0.5–1.0 vvm and a stirring speed of 150–250 r / min for 48–72 h to obtain the fermentation broth. The fermentation broth was centrifuged at 8000–12000 r / min to remove the bacterial precipitate, and the supernatant was collected. The supernatant was then filtered through a 0.22 μm microporous membrane to remove bacteria, yielding an extract of microbial secondary metabolites free of viable bacteria, which contains biostimulants, antimicrobial peptides, enzymes, and auxins, among other active substances.

[0027] 3. Preparation of plant-derived stress-resistant active components (10% traditional Chinese medicine extract)

[0028] Dried licorice root was pulverized and passed through a 20-mesh sieve. A 70% (w / v) ethanol aqueous solution was added at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:10. The mixture was refluxed twice at 80–85°C, 1.5 h each time, and the extracts were combined. The extract was concentrated under reduced pressure to a relative density of 1.10–1.15 (measured at 60°C), and then diluted to volume with deionized water to obtain a glycyrrhizic acid concentration of 10%, thus yielding a 10% herbal extract. This extract is rich in glycyrrhizic acid and flavonoid active ingredients.

[0029] Example 1 (Preferred Example)

[0030] Raw material ratio (parts by weight): 15 parts of plant-derived pyrolysis condensation extract, 50 parts of natural-derived surfactant, 80 parts of microbial secondary metabolites, 30 parts of 10% traditional Chinese medicine extract, 150 parts of urea, and 250 parts of phosphorus and potassium chelated nutrient source.

[0031] Preparation process: At room temperature of 25℃, the phosphorus and potassium chelated nutrient source is first added to the reaction vessel and stirred at 250 r / min for 5 min; urea is added and stirred for 10 min until completely dissolved; plant-derived pyrolysis condensate extract and natural-derived surfactant are added in sequence and stirred at 350 r / min for 15 min; microbial secondary metabolites are added and stirred for 10 min; finally, 10% traditional Chinese medicine extract is added and stirred for 15 min; let stand for 30 min to mature, filter through 100 mesh and fill into the container to obtain the finished water-soluble fertilizer.

[0032] Example 2

[0033] Raw material ratio (parts by weight): 5 parts plant-derived pyrolysis condensation extract, 30 parts natural surfactant, 40 parts microbial secondary metabolites, 15 parts 10% traditional Chinese medicine extract, 80 parts urea, and 120 parts phosphorus and potassium chelated nutrient source.

[0034] The preparation process is the same as in Example 1.

[0035] Example 3

[0036] Raw material ratio (parts by weight): 25 parts of plant-derived pyrolysis condensation extract, 120 parts of natural-derived surfactant, 150 parts of microbial secondary metabolites, 60 parts of 10% traditional Chinese medicine extract, 250 parts of urea, and 400 parts of phosphorus and potassium chelated nutrient source.

[0037] The preparation process is the same as in Example 1.

[0038] Example 4 (without plant-derived stress-resistance active components)

[0039] Raw material ratio (parts by weight): 15 parts plant-derived pyrolysis and condensation extract, 50 parts natural-derived surfactant, 80 parts microbial secondary metabolites, 150 parts urea, and 250 parts phosphorus and potassium chelated nutrient source. (No 10% traditional Chinese medicine extract added)

[0040] The preparation process is the same as in Example 1, except that the step of adding the stress-resistant component is omitted.

[0041] Comparative Example 1

[0042] Commercially available water-soluble fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium have the same nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrient content but lack bioactive components and organic functional components.

[0043] Comparative Example 2

[0044] After removing microbial secondary metabolites, the remaining raw material ratios and processes are the same as in Example 1.

[0045] Comparative Example 3

[0046] The plant-derived pyrolysis condensate extract and 10% traditional Chinese medicine extract were removed, while the remaining raw material ratios and processes were the same as in Example 1.

[0047] Application effect test

[0048] Test methods

[0049] The rice variety Huanghuazhan was selected, and nine treatments were set up, including a blank control (no fertilizer), Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-3. Each treatment was replicated three times and arranged in a randomized block design.

[0050] Organic water-soluble fertilizer spraying method: Depending on the weather conditions, spray twice, on July 25 (transplanting period) and August 15 (tillering period). The application rate is 200 ml / mu each time, diluted 500 times, and the spraying time is after 4 pm.

[0051] Field Management: Intermittent irrigation is used for water management. During the greening stage, a water layer of 20-60mm is maintained. The field is dried at the end of the tillering stage and allowed to dry naturally during the yellow ripening stage. At other times, irrigation with a water layer of 50-100mm is used. Other management measures are implemented according to conventional cultivation requirements. Fertilizer Management: Phosphate fertilizer is applied at the following rates: P2O5 (low fertilizer: 45 kg / hm², medium fertilizer: 90 kg / hm², high fertilizer: 117 kg / hm²); potassium fertilizer is applied at the following rates: K2O (low fertilizer: 90 kg / hm², medium fertilizer: 180 kg / hm², high fertilizer: 234 kg / hm²). Phosphate and potassium fertilizers are applied as basal fertilizer in a single application at the beginning. The total nitrogen fertilizer application rate is: 75 kg / hm² for low fertilizer, 150 kg / hm² for medium fertilizer, and 195 kg / hm² for high fertilizer, applied in two applications at a 1:2 ratio of basal fertilizer to tillering fertilizer.

[0052] Measurement indicators and methods: After the rice matures on October 20, 10 rice plants are selected from each plot to measure plant height, panicle length, number of panicles, number of grains per panicle, seed setting rate and thousand-grain weight; 4 m² of rice are mixed for yield measurement, and the average value is taken after 3 replicates, and the yield per mu is predicted.

[0053] Test results

[0054] Table 1 shows the effects of different treatments on rice yield and related traits.

[0055]

[0056] As shown in Table 1, the average yield of the blank control was 504.04 kg / mu, while the average yield of Examples 1-3 of this invention was 632.08 kg / mu, representing an average increase of 25.4% compared to the blank control, or an average increase of 128.04 kg / mu. Among them, Example 3 showed the most significant yield increase under medium fertilizer conditions, reaching 28.7%. The average yield of Example 4 (without herbal extracts) was 620.55 kg / mu, with a yield increase rate of 23.1%, which was slightly lower than Example 1, but still significantly higher than Comparative Examples 1-3. This indicates that the plant-derived stress-resistant active component is the preferred synergistic component, but other components can still exert a significant synergistic yield-increasing effect even without its addition.

[0057] Among yield-related traits, plant height, total grains per panicle, number of filled grains per panicle, and seed setting rate of rice all showed significant increases, while panicle length and thousand-grain weight did not increase significantly. At all fertilizer treatment levels, the plant height and number of filled grains per panicle of this invention achieved highly significant increases. Therefore, this invention mainly increases yield per plant by increasing the total biomass of the rice plant and the number of filled grains per panicle. In field production, attention should be paid to controlling the plant height of rice to reduce the risk of lodging.

[0058] Comparing Comparative Examples 1-3 with Example 1, it can be seen that the absence of microbial secondary metabolites (Comparative Example 2) or the absence of plant-derived pyrolysis condensate extract and stress-resistant active components (Comparative Example 3) both lead to a significant decrease in yield, proving that there is a synergistic effect among the core components, rather than a simple additive effect.

[0059] Furthermore, this invention exhibits outstanding fertilizer-saving effects under low and medium fertilizer conditions. Example 1 showed an average yield of 557.78 kg / mu under low fertilizer conditions, while the yield of the control group (high fertilizer) was 559.98 kg / mu, showing a very close relationship. This demonstrates that this invention can effectively reduce field fertilizer input while maintaining high yields, exhibiting significant fertilizer-saving and yield-increasing effects.

[0060] The present invention and its embodiments have been described above. This description is not restrictive. In short, if a person skilled in the art is inspired by this description and designs a similar structure and embodiment without departing from the spirit of the present invention, such design should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water-soluble fertilizer containing fruit tree extract and Bacillus metabolites, characterized in that, It contains water-soluble inorganic nutrient basic components, organic functional components, and bioactive components; The water-soluble inorganic nutrient base components include a nitrogen source and a phosphorus and potassium chelated nutrient source; The organic functional components include plant-derived pyrolysis condensation extracts, natural-derived surfactants, and optional plant-derived stress-resistant active components. The bioactive component includes microbial secondary metabolites; The water-soluble fertilizer is a fully water-soluble preparation obtained by compounding under normal temperature and pressure.

2. The water-soluble fertilizer containing fruit tree extract and Bacillus metabolites according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plant-derived pyrolysis and condensation extract is a liquid extract obtained by high-temperature calcination, condensation, purification, and filtration of fruit trees and tree residues, containing one or more of organic acids, phenols, alcohols, and amino acids; the microbial secondary metabolites are fermentation extracts of Bacillus microorganisms, containing one or more of biostimulants, antimicrobial peptides, enzymes, and auxins, and do not contain live bacteria; the plant-derived stress-resistant active components are concentrated plant-derived extracts containing flavonoids and / or terpenoid active ingredients.

3. The water-soluble fertilizer containing fruit tree extract and Bacillus metabolites according to claim 1, characterized in that, It is made from raw materials comprising the following parts by weight: 1-30 parts of plant-derived pyrolysis condensate extract, 1-200 parts of natural-derived surfactant, 1-200 parts of microbial secondary metabolites, 0-100 parts of plant-derived stress-resistant active components, 0-300 parts of nitrogen source, and 1-500 parts of phosphorus-potassium chelated nutrient source; wherein the nitrogen source is urea with a nitrogen content of 46.6%, and the phosphorus-potassium chelated nutrient source is a chelating solution containing 40% P2O5 and 50% K2O.

4. The water-soluble fertilizer containing fruit tree extract and Bacillus metabolites according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water-soluble fertilizer has an activity retention rate of no less than 95% for its bioactive components, a shelf life of no less than 12 months, and maintains homogeneity, no stratification, and no precipitation during the shelf life.

5. The water-soluble fertilizer containing fruit tree extract and Bacillus metabolites according to claim 1, characterized in that, The product is prepared by a process comprising the following steps: a phosphorus and potassium chelated nutrient source is stirred at 20–30°C to form a base solution; a nitrogen source is added and stirred until dissolved; plant-derived pyrolysis condensate extract and natural-derived surfactant are added sequentially and stirred to mix; microbial secondary metabolites are added and stirred to disperse; optionally, plant-derived stress-resistant active components are added and stirred until dissolved; and the product is obtained by standing and filtration.

6. A compound preparation process for a water-soluble fertilizer containing fruit tree extract and Bacillus metabolites as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1, Preparation of base solution: Take the appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium chelated nutrient source and put it into the reaction vessel. Stir at 200-300 r / min for 5 min at 20-30℃ to form a uniform base solution. S2, Inorganic nitrogen source dissolution: Add the specified amount of nitrogen source to the base liquid and stir continuously for 10 minutes until completely dissolved to form a composite base liquid; S3, Organic additive compound: Add the plant-derived pyrolysis condensation extract and natural-derived surfactant in the specified proportions, and stir at 300-400 r / min for 15 min until the system is blended; S4, biological component addition: Add the specified amount of microbial secondary metabolites, stir for 10 minutes until uniformly dispersed, and avoid high-speed shearing to prevent bubble generation and inactivation of activity throughout the process; S5, Addition of stress-resistant components: Optionally, add the appropriate amount of plant-derived stress-resistant active components and stir for 15 minutes until completely dissolved; S6, Curing and Filling: After curing at room temperature for 30 minutes, filter through a filter screen of not less than 100 mesh and seal and fill to obtain the finished product.

7. The compound preparation process according to claim 6, characterized in that, All stirring steps in steps S1 to S5 are carried out at room temperature and pressure, and the system temperature does not exceed 30°C, in order to avoid the high-temperature inactivation of bioactive substances.

8. The application of the water-soluble fertilizer containing fruit tree extract and Bacillus metabolites according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in crop cultivation, characterized in that, The water-soluble fertilizer is suitable for foliar spraying, drip irrigation, or fertigation of vegetables, fruits, grains, oils, or flowers.

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