Safe and environment-friendly colored smoke agent

Abstract

The application discloses a safe and environment-friendly color smoke agent, which comprises the following components and mass percentages: an oxidizing agent, 30-40; a combustible agent, 10-15; a smoke color forming powder, 40-50; and a binder, 5-10; wherein the oxidizing agent is a monomer or a composite of nitrate or nitrite. The color smoke agent is safer and more environment-friendly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of pyrotechnics technology, and in particular to a safe and environmentally friendly colored smoke agent. Background Technology

[0002] Safety and environmental protection are the themes of today's society. As a flammable and explosive hazardous material, fireworks and their products have particularly prominent requirements for safety and environmental protection.

[0003] Colored smoke, also known as colored powder, is an aerosol formed by dispersing colored powder particles in the air through the combustion reaction of pyrotechnics. Colored smoke is used for daytime signals by the military and police, railway and shipping signals, as well as daytime entertainment fireworks and advertising displays. Colored smoke agents are pyrotechnics that produce colored smoke. Based on the combustion characteristics of colored smoke agents, their combustion reaction is required to have characteristics such as a low ignition point, low combustion temperature, and high gas production.

[0004] The standard formulation of colored smoke agents consists of: oxidant + combustible agent + binder + smoke coloring powder.

[0005] For a long time, to meet the requirements for the use of colored smoke agents, the oxidizing agent used in their formulations has mostly been potassium chlorate, and sometimes potassium perchlorate. Potassium chlorate is a highly dangerous oxidizing agent with a high risk of spontaneous combustion and explosion. Potassium perchlorate, on the other hand, has significant water toxicity and biological toxicity. The use of potassium chlorate and potassium perchlorate in colored smoke agent formulations poses a great risk of combustion and explosion, as well as environmental and biological toxicity, to the production, storage, transportation, and use of colored smoke agent products.

[0006] The smoke-forming pigments used in smoke agent formulations are typically organic dyes or artistic dyes and pigments from the printing and dyeing industry, such as smoke red, scarlet, peach red, rose red, magenta, art red, royal red, orange red, basic orange, orange yellow, light yellow, lemon yellow, magenta green, art green, postal green, fruit green, iron oxide green, phthalocyanine green, fluorescent green, fluorescent blue, magenta blue, brilliant blue, methylene blue, permanent violet, basic violet, rose essence, basic brown, basic black, and fluorescent white. However, as nitrogen- and sulfur-containing heterocyclic compounds, most organic dyes or pigments are environmentally and biologically toxic.

[0007] Therefore, the problem with the existing technology is that the existing oxidants used in colored smoke agents have serious defects in terms of safety and environmental protection in all aspects of production, storage, transportation and setting off.

[0008] Furthermore, since the smoke coloring powder of existing colored smoke agents is usually made of organic dyes or pigments, colored smoke agents are highly toxic. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to provide a safe and environmentally friendly colored smoke agent that is safer and more environmentally friendly.

[0010] The technical solution to achieve the purpose of this invention is as follows:

[0011] A safe and environmentally friendly colored smoke agent, comprising the following components and mass percentages: oxidant, 30-40%; combustible agent, 10-15%; smoke color powder, 40-50%; binder, 5-10%; wherein the oxidant is a monomer or compound of nitrate or nitrite.

[0012] Preferably, the nitrate refers to one, two, or more of barium nitrate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, and strontium nitrate.

[0013] The nitrate monomer or complex refers to a mixture modified through compounding, recrystallization, catalysis, and refining processes.

[0014] Preferably, the nitrite refers to one or both of sodium nitrite and potassium nitrite.

[0015] The monomers or complexes of nitrites refer to mixtures that have been modified through compounding, recrystallization, catalysis, and refining processes.

[0016] Preferably, the smoke coloring powder is a coloring powder used in scented candles.

[0017] The pigments include one, two, or more of the following: oil-soluble red, oil-soluble yellow, oil-soluble black, oil-soluble blue, oil-soluble green, grease green, and oil-soluble purple.

[0018] Preferably, the adhesive comprises one, two, or more of paraffin wax, beeswax, and paraffin wax.

[0019] Preferably, the combustible agent includes one, two, or more of the following: red phosphorus, sulfur powder, carbon powder, boron and boron alloy powder, silicon and silicon alloy powder, iron and iron alloy powder, and titanium and titanium alloy powder.

[0020] The safe and environmentally friendly colored smoke agent of this invention is obtained using the following conventional preparation process. Unless otherwise specified, all materials and equipment used in the preparation method of this invention are commercially available or existing equipment, and are conventional materials or equipment in the field.

[0021] After selecting the composition and mass percentage content of the safe and environmentally friendly colored smoke agent according to the present invention, the oxidant, combustible agent, smoke color powder, binder and other ingredients in the formula are prepared according to the process flow of metering → weighing → dry mixing → wet mixing → granulation to obtain the finished product.

[0022] The principle of this invention is as follows:

[0023] Nitrate monomers or complexes refer to one, two or more mixtures of commonly used pyrotechnic oxidizers such as barium nitrate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, and strontium nitrate. These monomer raw materials can be made into a homogeneous mixture through mechanical mixing. If these monomer raw materials are modified through processes such as compounding, recrystallization, catalysis, and refining to form complex nitrates, their performance will be more stable and reliable.

[0024] Nitrite monomers or complexes refer to one or a mixture of sodium nitrite and potassium nitrite. As a food additive, nitrites are environmentally friendly and biocompatible; however, their performance as oxidants in pyrotechnics is poor, exhibiting low reactivity and a tendency to absorb moisture and clump. After compounding, moisture-proofing, anti-caking treatment, and sensitization, nitrite monomers or complexes are suitable for use as oxidants in colored smoke agents.

[0025] In the above formula, the smoke color powder refers to one, two or more of the following raw materials used in scented candles: oil-soluble red, oil-soluble yellow, oil-soluble black, oil-soluble blue, oil-soluble green, grease green, and oil-soluble purple.

[0026] Because the coloring powder and combustion products of scented candles are non-toxic and harmless materials that can be in contact with the human body, they are highly safe and environmentally friendly products that can be used for indoor burning near people.

[0027] Oxidants are a crucial factor determining the safety of pyrotechnics. Among various oxidant raw materials for pyrotechnics, nitrates are safer than chlorates, perchlorates, and peroxides. Considering the advantages and disadvantages of various commonly used nitrates, different nitrates are compounded together in a specific ratio and then subjected to sensitization, moisture-proofing, and anti-caking treatments using various material modification techniques. The resulting mixture has moderate reactivity, is not easily hygroscopic, and is not prone to clumping, thus having a wider range of applications. The colored smoke agent described in this invention uses a composite nitrate obtained through a series of modification techniques as the oxidant. Compared with currently used potassium chlorate or potassium perchlorate, it has significant advantages in terms of safety and environmental protection, and possesses great economic value and social benefits.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the significant advantages of this invention are:

[0029] 1. Improved safety: This invention uses composite nitrates or nitrites instead of the currently used potassium chlorate or potassium perchlorate in terms of oxidant materials, which has inherent safety, reduces the risk of combustion and explosion, and improves safety.

[0030] 2. More environmentally friendly: On the one hand, this invention uses environmentally friendly and bio-friendly compound nitrates or nitrites to replace the currently used potassium chlorate or potassium perchlorate, significantly improving the product's environmental performance. On the other hand, as an improvement, this invention selects non-toxic and harmless color powder for scented candles as the smoke-generating component, further enhancing the product's environmental performance. It has high human contactability, can be burned indoors at close range, and can also lead consumption and expand the market. Furthermore, as a further improvement, this invention selects chemical or natural wax materials commonly used for lighting or sealing as adhesive materials, further reducing the risk of explosion and making the product safer and more environmentally friendly.

[0031] 3. Unrestricted Material Selection: Among the optional ingredients in existing products, oxidizing agents such as nitrates and flammable agents such as sulfur are easily explosive controlled reagents. The formulation of this invention excludes these easily explosive controlled reagents, thus freeing material selection from safety regulations. This reduces production costs and improves safety and environmental friendliness. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0033] For ease of expression, when the oxidant material selected in the embodiments of the present invention is "monomer or complex of nitrate", it is described as "complex nitrate"; for the specific material design and preparation process of "complex nitrate", please refer to patent CN201310092772.8 Complex nitrate oxidant and its preparation method.

[0034] Example 1: Red smoke generator (high safety and environmental protection type).

[0035] The formula composition is shown in Table 1; the ingredients for a total mass of 10g of the agent are: sodium nitrite 3.0g, iron powder 1.5g, oil-soluble red 5.0g, and beeswax 0.5g; the various ingredients in the formula are prepared into the finished pyrotechnic agent according to the process flow of metering → weighing → dry mixing → wet mixing → granulation.

[0036] Example 2: Red smoke generator.

[0037] The formulation composition is shown in Table 1; the ingredients for a total mass of 10g of the agent are: 4.0g of compound nitrate, 1.0g of (red phosphorus: sulfur 1:1), 4.0g of (oil-soluble red: oil-soluble yellow 9:1), and 1.0g of (white wax: beeswax 1:1). The ingredients in the formulation are prepared into the finished pyrotechnic agent according to the process flow of metering → weighing → dry mixing → wet mixing → granulation.

[0038] Example 3: Yellow smoke generator (high safety and environmental protection type).

[0039] The formula composition is shown in Table 1; the ingredients for 10g of the agent are: potassium nitrite 3.5g, (titanium powder: iron powder: carbon powder 1:1:1) 1.3g, (oil-soluble yellow: oil-soluble red 9:1) 4.5g, (paraffin wax: white wax: beeswax 1:1:1) 0.7g; the ingredients in the formula are prepared into the finished pyrotechnic agent according to the process flow of metering → weighing → dry mixing → wet mixing → granulation.

[0040] Example 4: Yellow smoke generator.

[0041] The formulation composition is shown in Table 1; the ingredients for a total mass of 10g of the agent are: 3.8g of compound nitrate, 1.4g of sulfur powder, 4.2g of oil-soluble yellow, and 0.6g of (paraffin:beeswax 1:1); the ingredients in the formulation are prepared into the finished pyrotechnic agent according to the process flow of metering → weighing → dry mixing → wet mixing → granulation.

[0042] Example 5: Green smoke generator (high safety and environmental protection type).

[0043] The formulation composition is shown in Table 1; the ingredients for a total mass of 10g of the agent are: (sodium nitrite: potassium nitrite 1:1) 3.2g, (silicon: silicon-aluminum alloy 1:1) 1.2g, (oil-soluble green: grease green 1:1) 4.8g, and beeswax 0.8g; the ingredients in the formulation are prepared into the finished pyrotechnic agent according to the process flow of metering → weighing → dry mixing → wet mixing → granulation.

[0044] Example 6: Green smoke generator.

[0045] The formulation composition is shown in Table 1; the ingredients for a total mass of 10g of the agent are: 3.3g of compound nitrate, 1.1g of (boron:titanium boride:magnesium boride:boron carbide 1:1:1:1), 4.7g of (oil-soluble yellow:oil-soluble blue:oil-soluble green:oil green 1:1:1:1), and 0.9g of paraffin. The ingredients in the formulation are prepared into the finished pyrotechnic agent according to the process flow of metering → weighing → dry mixing → wet mixing → granulation.

[0046] Example 7: Blue smoke generator.

[0047] The formulation composition is shown in Table 1; the ingredients for a total mass of 10g of the agent are: potassium nitrite 3.6g, carbon powder 1.3g, oil-soluble blue 4.4g, (paraffin: beeswax 1:1) 0.7g; the ingredients in the formulation are prepared into the finished pyrotechnic agent according to the process flow of metering → weighing → dry mixing → wet mixing → granulation.

[0048] Example 8: Purple smoke generator.

[0049] The formulation composition is shown in Table 1; the ingredients for a total mass of 10g of the agent are: 3.7g of compound nitrate, 1.4g of titanium powder, 4.3g of (oil-soluble purple: oil-soluble red: oil-soluble blue 1:1:1) and 0.6g of (paraffin: beeswax 1:1:1). The ingredients in the formulation are prepared into the finished pyrotechnic agent according to the process flow of metering → weighing → dry mixing → wet mixing → granulation.

[0050] Comparative Example 1: Red smoke generator.

[0051] The formula consists of: 40% potassium chlorate, 20% beet sugar, and 40% smoky red. A total of 10g of the reagent contains: 4.0g potassium chlorate, 2.0g beet sugar, and 4.0g smoky red. The preparation method is as follows: first, mix potassium chlorate and beet sugar evenly, then add smoky red and mix thoroughly.

[0052] Comparative Example 2: Green Smoke Generator

[0053] The formula consists of: potassium chlorate 35%, beet sugar 5%, starch 14%, phenolic resin 6%, sophora flavescens 26%, and methylene blue 14%. The total mass of 10g of the agent consists of: potassium chlorate 3.5g, beet sugar 0.5g, starch 1.4g, phenolic resin 0.6g, sophora flavescens 2.6g, and methylene blue 1.4g. The preparation method is as follows: the first four ingredients in the formula are prepared into a finished pyrotechnic agent according to the process flow of metering → weighing → dry mixing → wet mixing → granulation, and then mixed with the two dyes.

[0054] The performance of colored smoke agents in combustion applications mainly focuses on their ignition reliability, combustion stability, and the dispersion and color of the smoke produced. These properties are primarily verified through actual measurements and visual inspection. The safety and environmental friendliness of colored smoke agent products are determined by the safety and environmental friendliness of the ingredients themselves, such as oxidants, combustibles, smoke coloring powders, and binders in their formulation. The performance of the colored smoke agents of this invention in the examples and comparative examples is shown in Table 2.

[0055] As can be seen from the performance comparison of the embodiments of the colored smoke agent of the present invention with the comparative examples shown in Table 2, the ignition performance, combustion performance and smoke generation effect of each embodiment of the present invention are basically similar to those of the comparative examples, but the safety is better, the environmental protection is more advanced, the materials are not limited, and good technical effects have been achieved.

[0056] Table 1 Formulation Table of Safe and Environmentally Friendly Colored Smoke Agent Examples

[0057] .

[0058] Table 2 Performance of the Colored Smoke Agent of the Present Invention in Examples and Comparative Examples

[0059] .

Claims

1. A safe and environmentally friendly colored smoke agent, the composition and mass percentage of which are as follows: Oxidizing agent, 30-40; Flammable agent, 10-15; Smoke color powder, 40-50; Adhesive, 5-10; The oxidant is a monomer or complex of nitrate or nitrite.

2. The safe and environmentally friendly colored smoke agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nitrates refer to one, two, or more of barium nitrate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, and strontium nitrate.

3. The safe and environmentally friendly colored smoke agent according to claim 2, characterized in that: The nitrate monomer or complex refers to a mixture modified through compounding, recrystallization, catalysis, and refining processes.

4. The safe and environmentally friendly colored smoke agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nitrites refer to one or both of sodium nitrite and potassium nitrite.

5. The safe and environmentally friendly colored smoke agent according to claim 4, characterized in that: The monomers or complexes of nitrites refer to mixtures that have been modified through compounding, recrystallization, catalysis, and refining processes.

6. The safe and environmentally friendly colored smoke agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The smoke colorant is a colorant used in scented candles.

7. The safe and environmentally friendly colored smoke agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pigments include one, two, or more of the following: oil-soluble red, oil-soluble yellow, oil-soluble black, oil-soluble blue, oil-soluble green, grease green, and oil-soluble purple.

8. The safe and environmentally friendly colored smoke agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adhesive includes one, two, or more of paraffin wax, beeswax, and paraffin wax.

9. The safe and environmentally friendly colored smoke agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The combustible agent includes one, two, or more of the following: red phosphorus, sulfur powder, carbon powder, boron and boron alloy powder, silicon and silicon alloy powder, iron and iron alloy powder, and titanium and titanium alloy powder.