Light-emitting element, condensed polycyclic compound for light-emitting element, and electronic device including light-emitting element

Abstract

The present application relates to a light-emitting element, a fused polycyclic compound for a light-emitting element, and an electronic device including a light-emitting element. The light-emitting element includes a first electrode, a second electrode over the first electrode, and an emission layer between the first electrode and the second electrode. The emission layer includes a first compound represented by Formula 1. Formula 1

Description

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority and benefit to Japanese Patent Application No. 2025-062272, filed on April 4, 2025, with the Japan Intellectual Property Office, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] In this document, one or more embodiments of the present disclosure relate to light-emitting elements, fused polycyclic compounds for light-emitting elements, and electronic devices including light-emitting elements. Background Technology

[0004] Organic electroluminescent display devices, including organic electroluminescent elements, have been used as display devices in electronic devices. An organic electroluminescent display device is a display device that includes a self-emissive element, in which holes from a first electrode and electrons from a second electrode are injected into an emitting layer under a driving voltage, and light is emitted through the luminescent material of the emitting layer.

[0005] When light-emitting elements are applied to display devices, improvements in luminous efficiency and operating life are desired or required, and therefore there is a continuous need for the development of materials for light-emitting elements that can reliably achieve such improvements. Summary of the Invention

[0006] One or more embodiments of this disclosure relate to light-emitting elements having improved luminous efficiency and element life.

[0007] One or more embodiments of this disclosure relate to fused polycyclic compounds having improved fluorescence quantum yield and material stability.

[0008] One or more embodiments of this disclosure relate to electronic devices that have excellent or adequate display quality by including light-emitting elements with improved luminous efficiency and element life.

[0009] Other aspects will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will be obvious from the description or may be learned by practice of the presented embodiments.

[0010] One or more embodiments of this disclosure provide fused polycyclic compounds represented by Formula 1.

[0011] Formula 1

[0012]

[0013] In Equation 1, X a To X d Each can be independently designated as O, S, or NR. X R XIt is a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or represented by formula x, R a1 and R a2 Each can be an alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted, or a cycloalkyl group with 3 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, R. 1 To R 10 and R b1 To R b4 Each of the following can independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted oxygen atom with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl atom with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl atom with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl atom with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and R b1 To R b4 At least one of them is an aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted, or a heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted.

[0014] Formula x

[0015]

[0016] In equation x, R 11 To R 15 Each of the following groups may independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group with 3 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or combine with adjacent groups to form a ring, as in formula x. " " refers to the position connected to N.

[0017] Equation 1 above can be represented by any of Equations 1-1 to 1-5.

[0018] Formula 1-1

[0019]

[0020] Formula 1-2

[0021]

[0022] Formula 1-3

[0023]

[0024] Formula 1-4

[0025]

[0026] Formula 1-5

[0027]

[0028] In equations 1-1 to 1-5, R 11a To R 15a R 11b To R 15b R 11c To R 15c and R 11d To R 15d Each of the following groups may independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group with 3 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or combine with adjacent groups to form a ring, and X a To X d R 1 To R 10 R a1 R a2 and R b1 To R b4 Each can be independently identical to the one defined in Equation 1.

[0029] In Equation 1, R b1 To R b4 At least one of them can be represented by equation b.

[0030] Formula b

[0031]

[0032] In equation b, R 16 To R 20 Each of the following groups may independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted thio group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or combine with adjacent groups to form a ring, as in formula b. "Refers to the position where it connects with Equation 1.

[0033] In Equation 1, R a1 and R a2Each of these compounds can be independently substituted or unsubstituted methyl, substituted or unsubstituted ethyl, substituted or unsubstituted propyl, substituted or unsubstituted isopropyl, substituted or unsubstituted isobutyl, substituted or unsubstituted tert-butyl, substituted or unsubstituted cyclopropyl, substituted or unsubstituted cyclobutyl, substituted or unsubstituted cyclopentyl, substituted or unsubstituted cyclohexyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloheptyl, substituted or unsubstituted dicyclopentyl, substituted or unsubstituted norbornel, or substituted or unsubstituted adamantyl.

[0034] In Equation 1, R 8 It may be an alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted, or an aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted.

[0035] In one or more embodiments, at least one hydrogen atom in the fused polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1 may be replaced by a deuterium atom.

[0036] In one or more embodiments, the fused polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1 may be any of the compounds selected from Group 1 of compounds.

[0037] According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the light-emitting element includes: a first electrode; a second electrode disposed on the first electrode (e.g., disposed on the first electrode); and an emitting layer between the first electrode and the second electrode (e.g., disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode) and including at least one fused polycyclic compound (i.e., the first compound) represented by Formula 1.

[0038] The emitter layer may further include at least one of a second compound represented by the formula HT-1 and a third compound represented by the formula ET-1.

[0039] HT-1

[0040]

[0041] In the above formula HT-1, M1 to M8 can each be N or CR independently. a11 L q1 Y is a directly attached, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. a For direct connection, CR a12 R a13 or SiR a14 R a15 Ar a It is an aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted, or a heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and R a11 To R a15Each of the following groups may be independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted thio group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted boryl group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group of 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group of 6 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group of 2 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or combined with adjacent groups to form a ring.

[0042] ET-1

[0043]

[0044] In Equation ET-1, Z is selected. a To Z c At least one of them is N, and the rest are CR. a16 R a16 It is a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms, b11 to b13 may each be an integer selected from 0 to 10, Ar b To Ar d Each of the following can be independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and L q2 To L q4 Each can be an arylene group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms that are directly connected, substituted or unsubstituted, or a heteroarylene group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms that are substituted or unsubstituted.

[0045] The emitter layer may further include a fourth compound represented by formula D-1.

[0046] Formula D-1

[0047]

[0048] In formula D-1, Q1 to Q4 can each be independently C or N, and C1 to C4 can each be independently a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon cyclic group with 5 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, L 11 To L 13 Each can be independently connected directly. , , , substituted or unsubstituted alkylene groups of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylene groups of 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene groups of 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, in L 11 To L 13 middle," "Refers to the connection part with C1 to C4, b21 to b23 can each be 0 or 1 independently, and R 61 To R 64 R b5 and R b6 Each of the following groups may be independently hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, cyano, substituted or unsubstituted silyl group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted thio group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted oxy group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted amino group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted boron group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group of 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group of 6 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group of 2 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or bonded to adjacent groups to form a ring, and d1 to d4 may each be independently an integer selected from 0 to 4.

[0049] In one or more embodiments, the emitting layer may emit delayed fluorescence.

[0050] In one or more embodiments, the emitting layer may emit blue light.

[0051] In one or more embodiments, at least one hydrogen atom of the first compound represented by Formula 1 may be replaced by a deuterium atom.

[0052] In one or more embodiments, the first compound represented by Formula 1 may include at least one compound selected from the group of compounds 1.

[0053] In one or more embodiments, the first compound represented by Formula 1 is used as a dopant in an emitter layer comprising one or more host materials and optionally a sensitizer.

[0054] According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, an electronic device includes a display module containing a plurality of light-emitting elements, and at least one of the plurality of light-emitting elements includes a first electrode, a second electrode on the first electrode (e.g., disposed on the first electrode), and an emitting layer between the first electrode and the second electrode (e.g., disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode) and contains a fused polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0055] In one or more embodiments, the electronic device may include a plurality of display devices, each independently controlled or selected and displaying images, and at least one of the plurality of display devices may include a display module.

[0056] In one or more embodiments, the electronic device may further include at least one selected from processor, memory, and power module.

[0057] In one or more embodiments, the electronic device may be at least one of a television, monitor, outdoor billboard, personal computer, laptop computer, personal digital assistant, vehicle device, game console, smartphone, tablet computer, smartwatch, head-mounted display, and camera.

[0058] For example, in one or more embodiments, the light-emitting element includes an emitting layer comprising a fused polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1, used as a dopant and configured to emit delayed fluorescence (e.g., blue light). The emitting layer may further include one or more host materials (e.g., hole transport host and / or electron transport host) and optionally a sensitizer to enhance energy transfer and luminous efficiency. The fused polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1 may be deuterated to improve material stability and operational lifetime. The disclosed fused polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1 and the device structure are suitable for integration into display modules of electronic devices (e.g., televisions, monitors, smartphones, and / or other image display devices). The embodiments provide improved luminous efficiency, color purity, and operational lifetime, addressing long-standing challenges in organic electroluminescent display technology. Attached Figure Description

[0059] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of this disclosure, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this disclosure. The drawings illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure. The above and / or other aspects of this disclosure should become apparent and understood from the following description of embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the drawings:

[0060] Figure 1 A block diagram of an electronic device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0061] Figure 2 Schematic diagrams illustrating various electronic devices according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0062] Figure 3 A plan view illustrating a display module according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0063] Figure 4 To illustrate one or more embodiments of this disclosure along Figure 3A cross-sectional view of the portion intercepted by line I-I' in the diagram;

[0064] Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure is shown for illustrative purposes.

[0065] Figure 6 A cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure is shown for illustrative purposes.

[0066] Figure 7 A cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure is shown for illustrative purposes.

[0067] Figure 8 A cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure is shown for illustrative purposes.

[0068] Figure 9 A cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure is shown for illustrative purposes.

[0069] Figure 10 The absorption spectra of compounds X-10 and X-10' are shown.

[0070] Figure 11A An image showing the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) orbital distribution of compound X-9;

[0071] Figure 11B An image showing the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) orbital distribution of compound X-9;

[0072] Figure 12A An image showing the HOMO orbital distribution of compound C-16;

[0073] Figure 12B An image showing the LUMO orbital distribution of compound C-16;

[0074] Figure 13 A cross-sectional view illustrating a display module according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0075] Figure 14 A cross-sectional view illustrating a display module according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0076] Figure 15 A cross-sectional view illustrating a display module according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0077] Figure 16 A cross-sectional view illustrating a display module according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0078] Figure 17A perspective view of an electronic device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0079] Figure 18 A perspective view of an electronic device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure; and

[0080] Figure 19 A diagram illustrating the interior of a vehicle in which electronic devices according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure are arranged. Detailed Implementation

[0081] This disclosure may be modified in one or more suitable ways and may take one or more suitable forms, and specific / exemplary embodiments are illustrated in the accompanying drawings and will be described in more detail herein. However, this is not intended to limit this disclosure to the specific form of disclosure, but should be understood to include all modifications, equivalents or alternatives included within the teachings and technical scope of this disclosure.

[0082] In this disclosure, it will be understood that if (e.g., when) an element (or area, layer, and / or portion, etc.) is referred to as being "on," "connected to," or "attached to" another element (or area, layer, and / or portion, etc.), it may be directly arranged on, connected to, or attached to the other element (or area, layer, and / or portion, etc.), or other elements (or areas, layers, and / or portions, etc.) may be arranged between them. In contrast, "directly on" may mean that there are no additional layers, films, areas, and / or plates, etc., between the element (or area, layer, and / or portion, etc.) and the other element (or area, layer, and / or portion, etc.). For example, "directly on" or "directly below" may mean arranging two layers or two components without using additional components (such as adhesive components) between them.

[0083] Throughout this disclosure, the same reference numerals or symbols refer to the same elements, and for the sake of brevity, repeated descriptions are omitted. In the drawings, the scale and / or dimensions (e.g., thickness) of elements may be enlarged or reduced to effectively describe the technical content. As used herein, the terms "and / or" or "or" include any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed elements.

[0084] It will be understood that although terms such as “first” and / or “second” may be used herein to describe one or more suitable elements, the elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used only to distinguish one element, component, area, layer, or portion from another element, component, area, layer, or portion. For example, without departing from the scope and teachings of this disclosure, a first element, component, area, layer, or portion discussed herein may be referred to as a second element, component, area, layer, or portion. Similarly, a second element, component, area, layer, or portion may be referred to as a first element, component, area, layer, or portion. In this specification, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular expressions “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well. Furthermore, when describing embodiments of this disclosure, the use of “may” refers to “one or more embodiments of this disclosure.”

[0085] Additionally, the terms "below," "underneath," "on the lower side," "above," "above," and / or "on the upper side," etc., may be used to describe the relationships between the elements illustrated in the accompanying drawings. These terms are relative concepts and are described based on the directions indicated in the drawings.

[0086] It will be further understood that, if used (for example, when) in this disclosure, the terms “comprise”, “include”, and / or “has” indicate the presence of a feature, quantity, step, operation, element, component, or combination thereof, but do not preclude the possibility of the presence or addition of one or more other features, quantities, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or combinations thereof. Additionally, the terms “comprise”, “include”, “has”, or other similar terms include or support the terms “consisting of” and “substantially constitutes”, indicating the presence of a feature, quantity, step, operation, element, and / or component, while other features, quantities, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof are absent or substantially absent.

[0087] Unless otherwise specified, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) shall have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. It will be further understood that terms (such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries) shall be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant field and shall not be interpreted in an ideal or overly formal sense, unless expressly so defined herein.

[0088] As used herein, integers selected from 0 to 3 refer to integers selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3; integers selected from 0 to 4 refer to integers selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4; integers selected from 0 to 5 refer to integers selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5; integers selected from 0 to 7 refer to integers selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7; integers selected from 0 to 8 refer to integers selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8; integers selected from 0 to 9 refer to integers selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9; and integers selected from 0 to 10 refer to integers selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10.

[0089] In this disclosure, the term "substituted or unsubstituted" corresponds to an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from the group consisting of: deuterium, halogen, cyano, nitro, amino, amine, silyl, oxy, thio, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, carbonyl, boronyl, phosphonyl oxide, phosphonyl sulfide, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, and heterocyclic groups. Furthermore, each of the substituents described may be substituted or unsubstituted. For example, biphenyl may be interpreted as aryl or a phenyl group substituted with a phenyl group.

[0090] In this disclosure, the term "forming a ring by bonding with adjacent groups" can refer to the formation of a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon ring or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle by bonding with adjacent groups. The hydrocarbon ring may include aliphatic hydrocarbon rings and / or aromatic hydrocarbon rings. The heterocycle includes aliphatic heterocycles and / or aromatic heterocycles. The hydrocarbon ring and heterocycle may each be a monocyclic or polycyclic ring. In one or more embodiments, a ring formed by the bonding of adjacent groups to each other may bond with another ring to form a spirostructure.

[0091] In this disclosure, the term "adjacent group" may refer to a substituent that replaces an atom directly bonded to the atom substituted by the corresponding substituent, another substituent that replaces the atom substituted by the corresponding substituent, or a substituent located spatially closest to the corresponding substituent. For example, in 1,2-xylene, the two methyl groups may be interpreted as "adjacent groups" to each other, and in 1,1-diethylcyclopentene, the two ethyl groups may be interpreted as "adjacent groups" to each other. Additionally, in 4,5-dimethylphenanthrene, the two methyl groups may be interpreted as "adjacent groups" to each other.

[0092] Examples of halogen atoms in this disclosure may include fluorine, chlorine, bromine and / or iodine.

[0093] In this disclosure, the alkyl group may be of the straight-chain or branched type (type). The number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group may be 1 to 60, 1 to 30, 1 to 20, 1 to 10, or 1 to 6. Examples of alkyl groups may include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, isobutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tert-pentyl, 1-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 2-ethylpentyl, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, n-hexyl, 1-methylhexyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 2-butylhexyl, n-heptyl, 1-methylheptyl, 2,2-dimethylheptyl, 2-ethylheptyl, 2-butylheptyl, n-octyl, tert-octyl, 2-ethyloctyl, 2-butyloctyl, 2-hexyloctyl, 3,7-dimethyloctyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, adamantyl, 2-ethyldecyl, 2-butyldecyl, 2-hexyldecyl, 2-octyldecyl, n-undecyl. Dodecyl, 2-ethyldodecyl, 2-butyldodecyl, 2-hexyldodecyl, 2-octyldodecyl, 2-tridecyl, 2-tetradecyl, 2-pentadecanyl, 2-hexadecyl, 2-ethylhexadecyl, 2-butylhexadecyl, 2-hexylhexadecyl, 2-octylhexadecyl, 2-heptadecyl, 2-octylhexadecyl, 2-heptadecyl, 2-ethylhexadecyl, 2-butylhexadecyl, 2-hexylhexadecyl, 2-octylhexadecyl, 2-monodecyl, 2-didecyl, 2-tridecyl, 2-tetradecyl, 2-pentadecanyl, 2-hexadecyl, 2-heptadecyl, 2-octadecyl, 2-nonadecanyl, and / or triadecyl, etc., but the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited thereto.

[0094] In this disclosure, cycloalkyl can refer to cyclic type (type) alkyl. The number of carbon atoms in a cycloalkyl group can be 3 to 60, 3 to 30, 3 to 20, or 3 to 10. Examples of cycloalkyl groups may include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 4-methylcyclohexyl, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl, cyclodecyl, norbornyl, 1-adamantyl, 2-adamantyl, isobornyl, dicyclopentyl, and / or dicycloheptyl, but the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0095] In this disclosure, alkenyl refers to a hydrocarbon group comprising one or more carbon-carbon double bonds in the middle or at the end of an alkyl group having two or more carbon atoms. The alkenyl group can be straight-chain or branched. The number of carbon atoms in the alkenyl group is not specifically limited, but can be 2 to 60, 2 to 30, 2 to 20, or 2 to 10. Examples of alkenyl groups include vinyl, 1-butenyl, 1-pentenyl, 1,3-butadienyl, styryl, and / or styrylvinyl, etc., but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0096] In this disclosure, alkynyl refers to a hydrocarbon group comprising one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds in the middle or at the end of an alkyl group having two or more carbon atoms. The alkynyl group can be straight-chain or branched. The number of carbon atoms in the alkynyl group is not specifically limited, but can be 2 to 30, 2 to 20, or 2 to 10. Examples of alkynyl groups include ethynyl and / or propynyl, but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0097] In this disclosure, cycloalkyl group refers to any optional functional group or substituent derived from an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon ring. The cycloalkyl group may be a saturated cycloalkyl group with 5 to 30 or 5 to 20 cyclic carbon atoms.

[0098] In this disclosure, aryl refers to any optional functional group or substituent derived from an aromatic hydrocarbon ring. The aryl group can be monocyclic or polycyclic. The number of carbons in the aryl group for forming the ring can be 6 to 60, 6 to 30, 6 to 20, or 6 to 15. Examples of aryl groups may include phenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, anthraceneyl, phenanthryl, biphenyl, terphenyl, tetraphenyl, pentaphenyl, hexaphenyl, triphenylene, pyrene, benzofluoranthracene, and / or 1,2-benzophenanthryl, but the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0099] In this disclosure, the fluorene group may be substituted, and two substituents may combine with each other to form a spirostructure. Examples of substituted fluorene groups are given below, but the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0100]

[0101] In this disclosure, a heterocyclic group refers to an optional functional group or substituent derived from a ring comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from B, O, N, P, S, Si, and Se. Heterocyclic groups may include aliphatic heterocyclic groups and / or aromatic heterocyclic groups. Aromatic heterocyclic groups may be heteroaryl groups. Both aliphatic and aromatic heterocyclic groups may be monocyclic or polycyclic rings.

[0102] In this disclosure, the heterocyclic group may include one or more selected from B, O, N, P, S, Si, and Se as heteroatoms. If (for example, when) the heterocyclic group includes two or more heteroatoms, the two or more heteroatoms may be the same as or different from each other. The heterocyclic group may be a monocyclic or polycyclic heterocyclic group and has the concept of including a heteroaryl group. The number of carbon atoms in the ring used to form the heterocyclic group may be 2 to 60, 2 to 30, 2 to 20, and 2 to 10.

[0103] In this disclosure, the aliphatic heterocyclic group may include one or more selected from B, O, N, P, S, Si, and Se as heteroatoms. The number of cyclic carbon atoms in the aliphatic heterocyclic group may be 2 to 30, 2 to 20, or 2 to 10. Examples of aliphatic heterocyclic groups may include ethylene oxide, thiohexacyclopropane, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl, thiaalkyl, tetrahydropyranyl, and / or 1,4-dioxane, but the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0104] In this disclosure, a heteroaryl group may include one or more heteroatoms selected from B, O, N, P, S, Si, and Se. If (for example, when) a heteroaryl group includes two or more heteroatoms, the two or more heteroatoms may be the same as or different from each other. A heteroaryl group may be a monocyclic heterocyclic group or a polycyclic heterocyclic group. The number of carbon atoms in the ring used to form the heteroaryl group may be 2 to 60, 2 to 30, 2 to 20, or 2 to 10. Examples of heteroaryl groups may include thienyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyridyl, bipyridyl, pyrimidinyl, triazinyl, triazolyl, acridineyl, pyridazinyl, quinolinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxazinyl, phthalazinyl, pyridopyridyl, pyridopyrazinyl, pyrazinopyrazinyl, isoquinolinyl, indolyl, carbazoleyl, N-arylcarbazoleyl, N-heteroarylcarbazoleyl, N-alkylcarbazoleyl, benzoxazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzocarbazoleyl, benzothiaphenyl, dibenzothiaphenyl, thiaphenothiaphenyl, benzofuranyl, phenanthrololinyl, thiazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, phenothiazinyl, dibenzothiaryl and / or dibenzofuranyl, etc., but the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited thereto.

[0105] In this disclosure, the same interpretation of aryl can be applied to arylene, except that arylene is a divalent group. The same interpretation of heteroaryl can be applied to heteroarylene, except that heteroarylene is a divalent group.

[0106] In this disclosure, silane may include alkylsilane and arylsilane. The alkyl group in the alkylsilane may be straight-chain, branched, or cyclic. The number of carbon atoms in the alkylsilane is not specifically limited, but may be, for example, 1 to 20 or 1 to 10. The number of carbon atoms in the arylsilane is not specifically limited, but may be, for example, 6 to 30, 6 to 20, or 6 to 15. Examples of silane include trimethylsilane, triethylsilane, tert-butyldimethylsilane, propyldimethylsilane, triphenylsilane, diphenylsilane, and / or phenylsilane, but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0107] In this disclosure, the number of carbon atoms in the carbonyl group is not specifically limited, but can be 1 to 40, 1 to 30, or 1 to 20. For example, the carbonyl group can have the following structure, but the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0108]

[0109] In this disclosure, the number of carbon atoms in the sulfinyl group and the sulfonyl group is not specifically limited, but may be from 1 to 30. The sulfinyl group may include alkyl sulfinyl group and / or aryl sulfinyl group. The sulfonyl group may include alkyl sulfonyl group and / or aryl sulfonyl group.

[0110] In this disclosure, the thio group may include alkylthio and / or arylthio. A thio group may refer to a group formed by combining the aforementioned alkyl or aryl group with a sulfur atom. The alkyl group in the alkylthio group may be straight-chain, branched, or cyclic. The number of carbon atoms in the alkylthio group is not specifically limited, but may be, for example, 1 to 20 or 1 to 10. The number of carbon atoms in the arylthio group is not specifically limited, but may be, for example, 6 to 30, 6 to 20, or 6 to 15. Examples of thio groups may include methylthio, ethylthio, propanethio, pentylthio, hexylthio, octylthio, dodecylthio, cyclopentylthio, cyclohexylthio, phenylthio, and / or naphthio, etc., but the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0111] In this disclosure, an oxygen group may refer to a group formed by combining an alkyl or aryl group with an oxygen atom. An oxygen group may include alkoxy and / or aryloxy groups. Alkoxy groups may be straight-chain, branched, or cyclic. The number of carbon atoms in an alkoxy group is not specifically limited, but may be, for example, 1 to 20 or 1 to 10. The number of carbon atoms in an aryloxy group is not specifically limited, but may be, for example, 6 to 30, 6 to 20, or 6 to 15. Examples of oxygen groups may include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, pentoxy, hexoxy, octoxy, nonoxy, decoxy, and / or benzyloxy, etc. However, the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0112] In this disclosure, the term "boron group" can refer to a group formed by combining the aforementioned alkyl or aryl groups with a boron atom. The boron group may include alkylboron groups and / or arylboron groups. The alkyl group in the alkylboron group may be straight-chain, branched, or cyclic. The number of carbon atoms in the alkylboron group is not specifically limited, but may be, for example, 1 to 20 or 1 to 10. The number of carbon atoms in the arylboron group is not specifically limited, but may be, for example, 6 to 30, 6 to 20, or 6 to 15. Examples of boron groups may include dimethylboron, diethylboron, tert-butylmethylboron, diphenylboron, and / or phenylboron, but the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0113] In this disclosure, the number of carbon atoms in the amino group is not specifically limited, but can be from 1 to 30. The amino group may include alkylamino and / or arylamino. The alkyl group in the alkylamino group may be straight-chain, branched, or cyclic. The number of carbon atoms in the alkylamino group is not specifically limited, but can be, for example, 1 to 20 or 1 to 10. The number of carbon atoms in the arylamino group is not specifically limited, but can be, for example, 6 to 30, 6 to 20, or 6 to 15. Examples of amino groups may include methylamino, dimethylamino, phenylamino, diphenylamino, naphthylamino, and / or 9-methyl-anthraylamino, etc., but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0114] In this disclosure, the sulfinyl group may indicate a group formed by bonding -S (=O)- to an alkyl or aryl group as defined above. The number of carbon atoms in the sulfinyl group is not specifically limited, but may be 1 to 30, 1 to 20, or 1 to 10. The sulfinyl group may include alkylsulfinyl groups and arylsulfinyl groups. For example, the sulfinyl group may have the following structures, but is not limited thereto.

[0115]

[0116] In this disclosure, the sulfonyl group may indicate a group formed by bonding -S(=O)2- with an alkyl or aryl group as defined above. The number of carbon atoms in the sulfonyl group is not specifically limited, but may be 1 to 30, 1 to 20, or 1 to 10. The sulfonyl group may include alkylsulfonyl groups and arylsulfonyl groups. For example, the sulfonyl group may have the following structures, but is not limited thereto.

[0117]

[0118] In this disclosure, the phosphine oxide group may indicate a group formed by bonding -P (=O)- to an alkyl or aryl group as defined above. The number of carbon atoms in the phosphine oxide group is not specifically limited, but may be 1 to 30, 1 to 20, or 1 to 10. The phosphine oxide group may include alkylphosphine oxide groups and arylphosphine oxide groups. For example, the phosphine oxide group may have the following structures, but is not limited thereto.

[0119]

[0120] In this disclosure, the phosphine sulfide group may indicate a group formed by bonding -P (=S)- with an alkyl or aryl group as defined above. The number of carbon atoms in the phosphine sulfide group is not specifically limited, but may be 1 to 30, 1 to 20, or 1 to 10. The phosphine sulfide group may include alkylphosphine sulfide groups and arylphosphine sulfide groups. For example, the phosphine sulfide group may have the following structures, but is not limited thereto.

[0121]

[0122] In this disclosure, the alkyl group among alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfinyl, alkylaryl, alkylamino, alkylboronyl, alkylphosphine oxide, alkylphosphine sulfide, alkylsilyl, and alkylamine may be interpreted in the same way as the alkyl group described above.

[0123] In this disclosure, the aryl group among aryloxy, arylthio, arylsulfonyl, arylsulfinyl, arylamino, arylboryl, arylphosphine oxide, arylphosphine sulfide, arylsilyl, and arylamine can be interpreted in the same way as the aryl group described above.

[0124] In this disclosure, a direct connection can refer to a single key.

[0125] In this disclosure, " " "or" Each refers to the position to be connected.

[0126] The embodiments of this disclosure will be explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0127] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of an electronic device EA according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Reference Figure 1 An electronic device EA according to one or more embodiments may include a display module DM, a processor PR, a memory MR, and a power module PM.

[0128] The processor PR may include at least one of a central processing unit (CPU), an application processor (AP), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a communication processor (CP), an image signal processor (ISP), and a controller.

[0129] The memory MR can store data information required for the operation of the processor PR and / or the display module DM. When the processor PR executes the application program stored in the memory MR, image data signals and / or input control signals are transmitted to the display module DM, and the display module DM can process the received signals and output image information through the display screen. The display module DM may include a display panel for displaying images.

[0130] The power module PM may include a power supply module (such as a power adapter or battery device) and a power conversion module that converts the power supplied by the power supply module to generate the power desired or required for the operation of the electronic device EA.

[0131] At least one component of the electronic device EA described herein may be included in a display module according to one or more embodiments, which will be described in more detail later, or may be included in a display device including a display module. In one or more embodiments, some individual modules that are functionally included in a single module may be included in the display device, and other modules may be provided separately from the display device. For example, the display device may include a display module DM, and a processor PR, a memory MR, and a power module PM may be provided within the electronic device EA as other means besides the display device.

[0132] Figure 2 Schematic diagrams illustrating various electronic devices with one or more suitable implementations.

[0133] refer to Figure 2 The display module, which includes one or more suitable electronic devices according to one or more embodiments, may include not only electronic devices for displaying images (such as smartphones EA_1a, tablet PCs EA_1b, laptops EA_1c, TVs EA_1d, and desktop monitors EA_1e), but also wearable electronic devices (such as smart glasses EA_2a, head-mounted displays EA_2b, and smartwatches EA_2c) and vehicle electronic devices EA_3 (such as vehicle dashboards, center consoles, central information displays (CIDs) arranged on the dashboard, and / or interior mirror displays, etc.).

[0134] Figure 3 This is a plan view illustrating a display module DM according to one or more embodiments. Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of a display module DM according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 4 To show along Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of the portion intercepted by line I-I' in the diagram.

[0135] The display module DM may include a plurality of light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2 and ED-3. In one or more embodiments, the display module DM may further include a display panel DP comprising a plurality of light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2 and ED-3, and an optical layer PP disposed on the display panel DP.

[0136] The display panel DP may include a substrate layer BS, a circuit layer DP-CL provided on the substrate layer BS, and a display element layer DP-ED. The display element layer DP-ED may include a pixel defining layer PDL, light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 disposed between the pixel defining layers PDL, and an encapsulation layer TFE disposed on the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3.

[0137] The substrate layer BS may be a component providing a substrate surface, on which the display element layers DP-ED are disposed. The substrate layer BS may be a glass substrate, a metal substrate, and / or a plastic substrate, etc. However, one or more embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto, and the substrate layer BS may be an inorganic layer, an organic layer, or a composite material layer.

[0138] In one or more embodiments, the circuit layer DP-CL may be disposed on the substrate layer BS, and the circuit layer DP-CL may include a plurality of transistors (not shown). Each of the plurality of transistors (not shown) may include a control electrode, an input electrode, and an output electrode. For example, in one or more embodiments, the circuit layer DP-CL may include switching transistors and driving transistors for driving the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 of the display element layer DP-ED.

[0139] Each of the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 can independently have Figures 5 to 9 The structure of a light-emitting element (ED) according to one or more embodiments is shown in the figure. Each of the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2 and ED-3 may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR, a respective emitter layer EML-R, EML-G or EML-B, an electron transport region ETR and a second electrode EL2.

[0140] An optical layer PP is disposed on the display panel DP to control the light reflected from the display panel DP due to external light. The optical layer PP may include, for example, a polarizing layer or a color filter layer. In one or more embodiments, the optical layer PP may not be provided in the display module DM.

[0141] The substrate BL can be disposed on the optical layer PP. The substrate BL can be a component providing a substrate surface on which the optical layer PP is disposed. The substrate BL can be a glass substrate, a metal substrate, and / or a plastic substrate, etc. However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto, and the substrate BL can be an inorganic layer, an organic layer, or a composite material layer. In one or more embodiments, the substrate BL may not be provided.

[0142] The display module DM according to one or more embodiments may further include a filler layer. The filler layer may be disposed between the display element layer DP-ED and the substrate BL. The filler layer may be an organic layer. The filler layer may include at least one selected from acrylic resins, silicone resins, and epoxy resins.

[0143] Figure 4An embodiment is shown in which the emitting layers EML-R, EML-G, and EML-B of light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 are each located within an opening OH defined by a pixel-defining layer PDL, and the hole transport region HTR, electron transport region ETR, and second electrode EL2 are each provided as a common layer in all light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. However, the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited to this. For example, in one or more embodiments, the hole transport region HTR and the electron transport region ETR may be patterned and provided within the opening OH defined by the pixel-defining layer PDL. For example, in one or more embodiments, the hole transport region HTR, the emitting layers EML-R, EML-G, and EML-B, and the electron transport region ETR of light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may be patterned using inkjet printing or the like.

[0144] The encapsulation layer TFE may cover light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. The encapsulation layer TFE may seal the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 of the display element layer DP-ED. The encapsulation layer TFE may be a thin-film encapsulation layer. The encapsulation layer TFE may be a stack of one or more layers. The encapsulation layer TFE may include at least one insulating layer. According to one or more embodiments, the encapsulation layer TFE may include at least one inorganic layer (hereinafter, encapsulated inorganic layer). Alternatively, according to one or more embodiments, the encapsulation layer TFE may include at least one organic layer (hereinafter, encapsulated organic layer) and at least one encapsulated inorganic layer.

[0145] An inorganic encapsulation layer protects the display element layer DP-ED from moisture and / or oxygen, while an organic encapsulation layer protects the DP-ED from foreign matter (such as dust particles). The inorganic encapsulation layer may include silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, silicon oxide, titanium dioxide, and / or aluminum oxide, but embodiments of this disclosure are not particularly limited thereto. The organic encapsulation layer may include acrylic compounds and / or epoxy compounds. In one or more embodiments, the organic encapsulation layer may include a photopolymerizable organic material, but embodiments of this disclosure are not particularly limited thereto. The TFE encapsulation layer may be disposed on the second electrode EL2 and may be disposed simultaneously with filling the OH openings.

[0146] refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4The display module DM may include a non-emitting region NPXA and emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B. The emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be regions that emit light generated from their respective light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. The display module DM may include a first emitting region PXA-R, a second emitting region PXA-G, and a third emitting region PXA-B that are spaced apart and / or separated from each other (e.g., spaced apart or separated) on a plane.

[0147] The first to third light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B can be regions separated by the pixel-defining layer PDL. The non-light-emitting region NPXA can be the region between adjacent light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B and can be the region corresponding to the pixel-defining layer PDL. In this disclosure, each of the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B can correspond to each pixel. The pixel-defining layer PDL can divide the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. The respective emitting layers EML-R, EML-G, and EML-B of the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 can be arranged and divided in the opening OH defined by the pixel-defining layer PDL.

[0148] The light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B can be divided into multiple groups based on the color of the light generated from the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. Figure 3 and Figure 4 The three emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B, which emit red, green, and blue light respectively, are explained. For example, the first emitting region PXA-R can be called the red emitting region, the second emitting region PXA-G can be called the green emitting region, and the third emitting region PXA-B can be called the blue emitting region.

[0149] In a display module DM according to one or more embodiments, a plurality of light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may emit light with different wavelength ranges. For example, a display module DM in one or more embodiments may include a first light-emitting element ED-1 that emits red light, a second light-emitting element ED-2 that emits green light, and a third light-emitting element ED-3 that emits blue light. For example, in one or more embodiments, each of the red emitting regions PXA-R, the green emitting regions PXA-G, and the blue emitting regions PXA-B of the display module DM may correspond to the first light-emitting element ED-1, the second light-emitting element ED-2, and the third light-emitting element ED-3, respectively.

[0150] However, one or more embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto, and the first to third light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may emit light in substantially the same wavelength range, or at least one of them may emit light in a different wavelength range. For example, in one or more embodiments, all of the first to third light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may emit blue light.

[0151] The light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B in the display module DM according to one or more embodiments can be arranged in a stripe pattern. (Reference) Figure 3 Multiple first luminescent regions PXA-R can be arranged along the second directional axis DR2, multiple second luminescent regions PXA-G can be arranged along the second directional axis DR2, and multiple third luminescent regions PXA-B can be arranged along the second directional axis DR2. Furthermore, the first luminescent regions PXA-R, the second luminescent regions PXA-G, and the third luminescent regions PXA-B can be arranged alternately along the first directional axis DR1.

[0152] Figure 3 and Figure 4 The areas of the luminescent regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B are shown to be the same, but the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. The areas of the luminescent regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may differ from each other depending on the wavelength range of the emitted light. The areas of the luminescent regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B can refer to the areas on the plane defined by the first directional axis DR1 and the second directional axis DR2. The third directional axis DR3 may be perpendicular to the plane defined by the first directional axis DR1 and the second directional axis DR2.

[0153] The arrangement types (categories) of the luminescent regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B are not limited to... Figure 3 The configuration shown, and the arrangement order of the first light-emitting area PXA-R, the second light-emitting area PXA-G, and the third light-emitting area PXA-B, can be provided in one or more suitable combinations according to the desired or required display quality characteristics of the display module DM and the display device including the display module DM. For example, the arrangement type (type) of the light-emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B can be honeycomb (PENTILE). ® Arrangement type (e.g., RGBG matrix, RGBG structure, or RGBG matrix structure) or diamond (Diamond Pixel) ® Arrangement type (type) (e.g., a display containing red, green, and blue (RGB) emission areas arranged in a diamond shape (e.g., an OLED display)). PENTILE ® Diamond Pixel is a registered trademark of Samsung Display Inc.® It is a trademark of Samsung Display Co., Ltd.

[0154] In one or more embodiments, the areas of the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be different from each other. For example, in one or more embodiments, the area of ​​the second light-emitting region PXA-G, which is a green light-emitting region, may be smaller than the area of ​​the third light-emitting region PXA-B, which is a blue light-emitting region, but the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0155] The following text, Figures 5 to 9 Each of the above schematically illustrates a cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element (ED) according to one or more embodiments. Reference Figure 5 A light-emitting element (ED) according to one or more embodiments may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR, an emitter layer EML, an electron transport region ETR, and a second electrode EL2 stacked in sequence.

[0156] and Figure 5 compared to, Figure 6 A cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element (ED) according to one or more embodiments is shown, wherein the hole transport region (HTR) includes a hole injection layer (HIL) and a hole transport layer (HTL), and the electron transport region (ETR) includes an electron injection layer (EIL) and an electron transport layer (ETL). Additionally, with Figure 5 compared to, Figure 7 A cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element (ED) according to one or more embodiments is shown, wherein the hole transport region (HTR) includes a hole injection layer (HIL), a hole transport layer (HTL), and an electron blocking layer (EBL), and the electron transport region (ETR) includes an electron injection layer (EIL), an electron transport layer (ETL), and a hole blocking layer (HBL). Figure 5 compared to, Figure 8 A cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element (ED) according to one or more embodiments is shown, wherein the hole transport region (HTR) includes a hole injection layer (HIL), a hole transport layer (HTL), and a light-emitting auxiliary layer (EAL), and the electron transport region (ETR) includes an electron injection layer (EIL), an electron transport layer (ETL), and a hole blocking layer (HBL). Figure 6 compared to, Figure 9 A cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element ED including one or more embodiments of a capping layer CPL disposed on a second electrode EL2 is shown.

[0157] The first electrode EL1 is conductive (e.g., a conductor). The first electrode EL1 can be formed using a metallic material, a metal alloy, or a conductive compound. The first electrode EL1 can be an anode or a cathode. However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. In one or more embodiments, the first electrode EL1 can be a pixel electrode. The first electrode EL1 can be a transmission electrode, a transmission-reflection electrode, or a reflection electrode. The first electrode EL1 may include: at least one selected from silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), gold (Au), nickel (Ni), neodymium (Nd), iridium (Ir), chromium (Cr), lithium (Li), calcium (Ca), lithium fluoride (LiF), molybdenum (Mo), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), indium (In), tin (Sn), and zinc (Zn); a compound selected from two or more of these; a mixture selected from two or more of these; or one or more oxides thereof.

[0158] In embodiments where the first electrode EL1 is a transmission electrode, the first electrode EL1 may comprise a transparent metal oxide, such as indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), and / or indium tin zinc oxide (ITZO). In embodiments where the first electrode EL1 is a transmissive-reflective electrode or a reflective electrode, the first electrode EL1 may comprise Ag, Mg, Cu, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, LiF, Mo, Ti, W; their compounds; or mixtures thereof (e.g., a mixture of Ag and Mg); or materials with a multilayer structure, such as LiF / Ca (a stacked structure of LiF and Ca) or LiF / Al (a stacked structure of LiF and Al). In one or more embodiments, the first electrode EL1 may have a structure comprising multiple layers, including a reflective or transmissive-reflective layer formed using the aforementioned materials and a transmissive conductive layer formed using ITO, IZO, ZnO, or ITZO. For example, in one or more embodiments, the first electrode EL1 may comprise a three-layer structure of ITO / Ag / ITO. However, the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited thereto. The first electrode EL1 may comprise one of the aforementioned metallic materials, a combination of two or more of the aforementioned metallic materials, or an oxide of the aforementioned metallic materials. The thickness of the first electrode EL1 may be from about 700 angstroms (Å) to about 10,000 Å. For example, in one or more embodiments, the thickness of the first electrode EL1 may be from about 1,000 Å to about 3,000 Å.

[0159] A hole transport region (HTR) may be provided on the first electrode EL1. The hole transport region (HTR) may include at least one of a hole injection layer (HIL), a hole transport layer (HTL), a light-emitting auxiliary layer (EAL), and an electron blocking layer (EBL). The thickness of the hole transport region (HTR) may be, for example, from about 50 Å to about 15,000 Å. The light-emitting auxiliary layer (EAL) may be referred to as a buffer layer.

[0160] The hole transport region (HTR) can have a single-layer structure formed by a single layer made of a single material, a single-layer structure formed by a single layer made of a variety of different materials, or a multi-layer structure including multiple layers made of a variety of different materials.

[0161] For example, in one or more embodiments, the hole transport region HTR may have a single-layer structure of a hole injection layer HIL or a hole transport layer HTL, or it may have a single-layer structure formed using a hole injection material and a hole transport material. In one or more embodiments, the hole transport region HTR may have a single-layer structure formed using multiple different materials, or a structure in which hole injection layers HIL / hole transport layers HTL / light emission auxiliary layer EAL, hole injection layers HIL / light emission auxiliary layer EAL, hole transport layers HTL / light emission auxiliary layer EAL, hole injection layers HIL / hole transport layers HTL / light emission auxiliary layer EAL, or hole injection layers HIL / hole transport layers HTL / light emission auxiliary layer EAL or hole injection layers HIL / hole transport layers HTL / electron blocking layer EBL are stacked from the first electrode EL1, but the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0162] Hole transport regions (HTRs) can be formed using one or more suitable methods, such as vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, Langmuir-Brookett (LB) method, inkjet printing, laser printing, and laser-induced thermal imaging (LITI).

[0163] In one or more embodiments, the hole transport region (HTR) may include a compound represented by formula H-1.

[0164] Formula H-1

[0165]

[0166] In equation H-1, L aa and L bb Each of the L groups can be an aryl group with 6 to 30 directly linked, substituted, or unsubstituted cyclic carbon atoms, or a heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, either directly linked, substituted, or unsubstituted. m1 and m2 can each be an integer selected from 0 to 10. If (for example, when) m1 and / or m2 are integers of 2 or greater, then multiple L groups... aa and / or multiple L bbEach can be an arylene with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted, or a heteroarylene with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted.

[0167] In equation H-1, Ar ar1 and Ar ar2 Each can be an aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, either substituted or unsubstituted, or a heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, either substituted or unsubstituted. Additionally, in formula H-1, Ar... ar3 It can be an aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, either substituted or unsubstituted.

[0168] In one or more embodiments, the compound represented by formula H-1 may be a monoamine compound. In one or more embodiments, the compound represented by formula H-1 may be wherein Ar ar1 To Ar ar3 At least one of the compounds comprises a diamine group as a substituent. In one or more embodiments, the compound represented by formula H-1 may be wherein Ar ar1 and Ar ar2 At least one of them is a carbazole compound comprising a substituted or unsubstituted carbazole group, or wherein Ar ar1 and Ar ar2 At least one of the fluorene compounds includes a substituted or unsubstituted fluorene group.

[0169] The compound represented by formula H-1 may be any compound selected from group H of compounds. However, the compounds shown in group H of compounds are merely examples, and the compound represented by formula H-1 is not limited to the compounds represented in group H of compounds.

[0170] Compound group H

[0171]

[0172] In one or more embodiments, the hole transport region (HTR) may include one or more of the following: phthalocyanine compounds (such as copper phthalocyanine), N... 1 N 1' -([1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis(N) 1 -Phenyl-N 4 N 4-Di-m-Tolylphenyl-1,4-Diamine (DNTPD), 4,4',4"-[Tris(3-methylphenyl)phenylamino]triphenylamine (m-MTDATA), 4,4',4"-Tris(N,N-diphenylamino)triphenylamine (TDATA), 4,4',4"-Tris(N(2-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino]triphenylamine (2-TNATA), Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT / PSS), Polyaniline / dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (PANI) Polyaniline / camphor sulfonic acid (PANI / CSA), polyaniline / poly(4-styrene sulfonate) (PANI / PSS), N,N'-di(naphthyl-1-yl)-N,N'-diphenyl-benzidine (NPB), triphenylamine-containing polyether ketone (TPAPEK), 4-isopropyl-4'-methyldiphenyliodonium [tetra(pentafluorophenyl)borate] and / or dipyrazino[2,3-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarboxynitrile (HAT-CN), etc.

[0173] In one or more embodiments, the hole transport region (HTR) may include: carbazole derivatives, such as N-phenylcarbazole and polyvinylcarbazole; fluorene derivatives; triphenylamine derivatives, such as N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine (TPD), 4,4',4''-tris(carbazole-9-yl)triphenylamine (TCTA), N,N'-bis(naphthyl-1-yl)-N,N'-diphenyl-benzidine (NPB), 4,4'-cyclohexylenebis[N,N-bis(4-methylphenyl)aniline] (TAPC), 4,4'-bis[N,N'-(3-methylphenyl)amino]-3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl (HMTPD) and / or 1,3-bis(N-carbazole)benzene (mCP), etc.

[0174] In one or more embodiments, the hole transport region (HTR) may include one or more selected from 9-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3,6-bis(triphenylsilyl)-9H-carbazole (CzSi), 9-phenyl-9H-3,9'-bicarbazole (CCP), and / or 1,3-bis(1,8-dimethyl-9H-carbazole-9-yl)benzene (mDCP).

[0175] In one or more embodiments, the hole transport region HTR may include a compound of the hole transport region HTR in at least one of the hole injection layer HIL, the hole transport layer HTL, the light emission assist layer EAL, and the electron blocking layer EBL.

[0176] In one or more embodiments, the thickness of the hole transport region HTR can be from about 100 Å to about 10,000 Å, for example, from about 100 Å to about 5,000 Å. If (for example, when) the hole transport region HTR includes a hole injection layer HIL, the thickness of the hole injection layer HIL can be, for example, from about 30 Å to about 1,000 Å. If (for example, when) the hole transport region HTR includes a hole transport layer HTL, the thickness of the hole transport layer HTL can be from about 30 Å to about 1,000 Å. For example, if (for example, when) the hole transport region HTR includes an electron blocking layer EBL, the thickness of the electron blocking layer EBL can be from about 10 Å to about 1,000 Å. If, for example, the thicknesses of the hole transport region HTR, hole injection layer HIL, hole transport layer HTL, and electron blocking layer EBL meet the above range, satisfactory hole transport properties can be achieved without significantly increasing the driving voltage.

[0177] In one or more embodiments, in addition to the materials described above, the hole transport region (HTR) may further include a charge-generating material to increase conductivity (e.g., electrical conductivity). The charge-generating material may be uniformly (e.g., substantially uniformly) or non-uniformly (e.g., substantially non-uniformly) dispersed in the hole transport region (HTR). The charge-generating material may be, for example, a p-dopant. The p-dopant may include at least one of metal halide compounds, quinone derivatives, metal oxides, and cyano-containing compounds, but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, in one or more embodiments, the p-dopant may include: metal halide compounds (such as CuI and RbI), quinone derivatives (such as tetracyanoquinone dimethyl ether (TCNQ) and / or 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinone dimethyl ether (F4-TCNQ)), metal oxides (such as tungsten oxide and / or molybdenum oxide) and / or cyano-containing compounds (such as dipyrazino[2,3-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarboxynitrile (HAT-CN) and 4-[[2,3-bis[cyano-(4-cyano-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)methylene]cyclopropylidene]-cyanomethyl]-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzonitrile (NDP9)), etc., but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0178] As described above, in addition to the hole injection layer HIL and the hole transport layer HTL, the hole transport region HTR may further include at least one selected from the luminescent auxiliary layer EAL and the electron blocking layer EBL. The luminescent auxiliary layer EAL can compensate for the resonant distance according to the wavelength of light emitted from the emitting layer EML and can increase luminous efficiency by controlling charge balance. Additionally, the luminescent auxiliary layer EAL can prevent or reduce electron injection into the hole transport region HTR. Materials that can be included in the hole transport region HTR can be used as materials included in the luminescent auxiliary layer EAL. The electron blocking layer EBL is a layer that blocks electron injection from the electron transport region ETR into the hole transport region HTR.

[0179] In one or more embodiments of a light-emitting element (ED), the emitting layer (EML) may include a fused polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. In the ED of an embodiment, the emitting layer EML may include a first compound of the fused polycyclic compound of the embodiment, and at least one of a second compound and a third compound. Additionally, in the ED of an embodiment, the emitting layer EML may further include a fourth compound. The second compound may include a fused ring of three rings containing a nitrogen atom as a cyclic atom. The third compound may include a hexagonal cyclic group containing at least one nitrogen atom as a cyclic atom. The fourth compound may include an organometallic complex. The second to fourth compounds will be described in more detail.

[0180] In one or more embodiments of a light-emitting element (ED), the emitter layer (EML) may include one or more fused polycyclic compounds as dopants. The fused polycyclic compound may be the dopant material of the emitter layer (EML).

[0181] In this disclosure, the fused polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments may also be referred to as the first compound. The fused polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments includes a boron-containing fused ring (i.e., a boron-containing heterofused ring structure) as the central structure. The fused polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments as the first compound may include a central structure containing two boron atoms as cyclizing atoms and, in addition to boron atoms, also containing heteroatoms as cyclizing atoms. The central structure of the fused polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments may include a boron-containing heterofused ring structure in the form of nine fused six-membered rings (i.e., a nine-membered six-membered fused heterocycle). The central structure of the fused polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments may be represented as including a heteroborane skeleton containing two boron atoms as cyclizing atoms (i.e., a boron-containing heterofused ring structure).

[0182] Fused polycyclic compounds according to one or more embodiments can exhibit thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) luminescence properties via anti-intersystem crossing.

[0183] Additionally, the fused polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments may include a fused heterocyclic structure as the central structure comprising nine six-membered rings containing two boron atoms and four heteroatoms other than boron atoms as cyclic atoms. Each of the four heteroatoms other than boron atoms may independently be N, O, or S. The fused polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments may include a first substituent (R in Formula 1) bonded to two para-carbon atoms respectively (to the carbon atom bonded to one of the two boron atoms). a1 and R a2 ), and a second substituent (R in Formula 1) bonded to the adjacent ring (where the carbon atom is bonded to another boron atom). b1 To R b4 ).

[0184] The fused polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments may include a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group of 3 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms as a first substituent and a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group of 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms as a second substituent, thereby exhibiting narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) and narrow Stokes shift characteristics, and achieving high luminous efficiency and excellent or suitable material stability by suppressing or reducing the expansion of LUMO orbitals. Accordingly, the light-emitting element of one or more embodiments including the fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments may exhibit high luminous efficiency and long element lifetime characteristics.

[0185] A fused polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments can be represented by Formula 1.

[0186] Formula 1

[0187]

[0188] In Equation 1, X a To X d Each can be independently designated as O, S, or NR. X And R X It may be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or represented by formula x.

[0189] In Equation 1, X a To X d At least one of them can be NR X For example, X a To X d At least one of them can be NR X And X a To Xd In addition to NR X The remaining parts can each be O or S independently. For example, X a To X d All can be NR X .

[0190] Formula x

[0191]

[0192] In equation x, R 11 To R 15 Each of the following groups may independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group with 3 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or combine with adjacent groups to form a ring, as in formula x. " " refers to the position connected to N.

[0193] For example, R 11 To R 15 Each of these can be independently a hydrogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted methyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted isopropyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted tert-butyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted cyclohexyl group, an alkyl-substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl group.

[0194] In one or more embodiments, R X It can be represented by one of x-101 to x-125 (e.g., by one of the representations selected from x-101 to x-125). For example, the expression x can be represented by one of x-101 to x-125.

[0195]

[0196] In Equation 1, R a1 and R a2 Each can be an alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted, or a cycloalkyl group with 3 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted.

[0197] For example, in one or more embodiments, R a1 and R a2Each of these compounds can be independently substituted or unsubstituted methyl, substituted or unsubstituted ethyl, substituted or unsubstituted propyl, substituted or unsubstituted isopropyl, substituted or unsubstituted isobutyl, substituted or unsubstituted tert-butyl, substituted or unsubstituted cyclopropyl, substituted or unsubstituted cyclobutyl, substituted or unsubstituted cyclopentyl, substituted or unsubstituted cyclohexyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloheptyl, substituted or unsubstituted dicyclopentyl, substituted or unsubstituted norbornel, or substituted or unsubstituted adamantyl.

[0198] In Equation 1, R 1 To R 10 and R b1 To R b4 Each of the following can be independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted oxygen atom of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl atom of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl atom of 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl atom of 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms.

[0199] For example, in one or more embodiments, R 1 To R 10 and R b1 To R b4 Each of these can be independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted methoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted tert-butyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted terphenyl group.

[0200] In one or more embodiments, R 8 It can be a substituted or unsubstituted tert-butyl or a substituted or unsubstituted triphenyl. For example, R 1 To R 7 R 9 and R 10 Each of the atoms in the group can be a hydrogen atom.

[0201] In Equation 1, R b1 To R b4 At least one of them may be an aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted, or a heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted.

[0202] In Equation 1, R b1 To R b4 At least one of them can be represented by equation b.

[0203] Formula b

[0204]

[0205] In equation b, R16 To R 20 It may independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted thio group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group of 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group of 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or combine with adjacent groups to form a ring, as in formula b. "Refers to the position where it connects with Equation 1.

[0206] For example, R 16 To R 20 It may independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted methoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted dialkylamino group, a substituted or unsubstituted isopropoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted methylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted tert-butyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted phenylthio group, or a substituted or unsubstituted carbazole group, and / or combined with adjacent groups to form an aliphatic hydrocarbon ring, an aromatic hydrocarbon ring, or a heterocycle.

[0207] In one or more embodiments, R b1 To R b4 It can be represented by one of b-101 to b-119. For example, R b1 To R b4 At least one of them can be represented by one of b-102 to b-119.

[0208]

[0209] The fused polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments may be represented by any one of Formulas 1-1 to 1-5.

[0210] Formula 1-1

[0211]

[0212] Formula 1-2

[0213]

[0214] Formula 1-3

[0215]

[0216] Formula 1-4

[0217]

[0218] Formula 1-5

[0219]

[0220] In equations 1-1 to 1-5, R 11a To R 15a R 11b To R 15b R 11c To R 15c and R 11d To R 15d Each of the following groups may independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group with 3 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or combine with adjacent groups to form a ring, and X a To X d R 1 To R 10 R a1 R a2 and R b1 To R b4 Each can be independently identical to the one defined in Equation 1.

[0221] For example, R 11a To R 15a R 11b To R 15b R 11c To R 15c and R 11d To R 15d Each of these can be independently a hydrogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted methyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted isopropyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted tert-butyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted cyclohexyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl group.

[0222] The fused polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments may be represented by any of the compounds selected from group 1. The light-emitting element ED according to one or more embodiments may include at least one of the compounds selected from group 1.

[0223] Compound group 1

[0224]

[0225]

[0226]

[0227]

[0228]

[0229]

[0230]

[0231]

[0232] In compound group 1, D is a deuterium atom and OMe is a methoxy group.

[0233] Fused polycyclic compounds according to one or more embodiments can be used as delayed fluorescence materials. For example, fused polycyclic compounds according to one or more embodiments can be used as thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials. Fused polycyclic compounds according to one or more embodiments can exhibit high fluorescence quantum yields. For example, fused polycyclic compounds according to one or more embodiments can exhibit high fluorescence quantum yields in the blue wavelength range having a maximum emission wavelength (e.g., peak emission wavelength) of about 470 nm or less.

[0234] Fused polycyclic compounds according to one or more embodiments may include a boron-containing fused ring with two boron atoms as cyclic atoms as the central structure. Fused polycyclic compounds according to one or more embodiments may include a fused heterocycle with nine six-membered rings as the central structure, and may also include a fused heterocycle with nine six-membered rings as the central structure, containing two boron atoms and four heteroatoms other than boron atoms as cyclic atoms.

[0235] A fused polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments may include a first substituent (R in Formula 1) bonded to two para carbon atoms (of which a carbon atom is bonded to one of the two boron atoms). a1 and R a2 ), and a second substituent (R in Formula 1) bonded to the adjacent ring (where the carbon atom is bonded to another boron atom). b1 To R b4 ).

[0236] Compounds consisting only of fused heterocycles with nine six-membered rings and lacking first and second substituents may not protect redox active sites and may result in degraded material stability and reduced device lifetime. Furthermore, the decrease in multiple resonance (MR) characteristics and the increase in charge transfer (CT) characteristics lead to an increase in full width at half maximum (FWHM) and Stokes shift values, which in turn degrade luminous efficiency.

[0237] Figure 10 The absorption spectra of compounds X-10 and X-10' are shown. (Reference) Figure 10Compound X-10, wherein the first substituent is an unsubstituted phenyl group, and compound X-10', wherein the first substituent is a hydrogen atom, emit light with a maximum emission wavelength in the wavelength range of about 450 nm to about 470 nm. Compound X-10, wherein the first substituent is an unsubstituted phenyl group, has a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of about 44 nm, while compound X-10', wherein the first substituent (unsubstituted phenyl group) is removed from compound X-10, has a reduced FWHM of about 38 nm.

[0238]

[0239] The fused polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments comprises a fused heterocycle with nine six-membered rings containing two boron atoms and four heteroatoms other than boron atoms as cyclic atoms as cyclic atoms as a central structure. The fused polycyclic compound of the embodiments comprises a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group of 3 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms as a first substituent, and comprises a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group of 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms as a second substituent, thereby exhibiting narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) and narrow Stokes shift characteristics, ensuring high luminous efficiency and suppressing or reducing LUMO orbital expansion. Furthermore, because appropriate or suitable steric protection can be provided for redox active sites, material stability and device lifetime characteristics can be improved. Accordingly, the light-emitting element of one or more embodiments including the fused polycyclic compound of the embodiments can exhibit high luminous efficiency and long device lifetime characteristics.

[0240] Figure 11A To show the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) orbital distribution of compound X-9, and Figure 11B An image showing the distribution of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMO) of compound X-9.

[0241] Compound X-9

[0242]

[0243] Unlike fused polycyclic compounds according to other embodiments, compound X-9 has a first substituent (R in Formula 1) therein. a1 and R a2 The first substituent is an unsubstituted phenyl group and the second substituent (R in Formula 1) is an unsubstituted phenyl group. b3 () represents compounds with an unsubstituted carbazole group. In compound X-9, "P1" and "P2" are designated for ease of interpretation, and P1 and P2 in compound X-9 correspond to... Figure 11B P1 and P2 in the example.

[0244] refer to Figure 11A and Figure 11BIn compound X-9, the LUMO orbital extends to the cyclic group indicated by P1 and P2 via the first substituent of an unsubstituted phenyl group. Accordingly, the redox active site of the molecule protrudes outward, and the molecular stability (i.e., material stability) is reduced.

[0245] Figure 12A To show the HOMO orbital distribution of compound C-16, and Figure 12B An image showing the LUMO orbital distribution of compound C-16.

[0246] Compound C-16

[0247]

[0248] Compound C-16, as a fused polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments, is wherein the first substituent (R in Formula 1) is... a1 and R a2 The second substituent (R in Formula 1) is an unsubstituted tert-butyl group. b3 ) is a compound of unsubstituted phenyl groups.

[0249] refer to Figure 12A and Figure 12B Compound C-16 incorporates an unsubstituted tert-butyl group (alkyl) as the first substituent, which protects the redox active sites of the molecule and prevents or reduces the expansion of LUMO orbitals, thus exhibiting excellent or appropriate molecular stability (i.e., material stability). Furthermore, by incorporating an unsubstituted phenyl group (aryl) as the second substituent along with the first substituent, narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) and narrow Stokes shift characteristics are achieved, ensuring high luminous efficiency and long device lifetime.

[0250] In a light-emitting element according to one or more embodiments, the emitting layer EML may be a delayed fluorescence emitting layer comprising a host and a dopant. More specifically, the emitting layer EML may emit thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). In one or more embodiments, the fused polycyclic compound may be a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) dopant.

[0251] The emitting layer (EML) may include a fused polycyclic compound (FPC) according to one or more embodiments as a dopant (e.g., a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) dopant). The FPC according to one or more embodiments may emit blue light. For example, the FPC according to one or more embodiments may be a luminescent material having a maximum emission wavelength in the wavelength range of about 430 nm to about 490 nm. For example, the FPC according to one or more embodiments may be a luminescent material having a maximum emission wavelength in the wavelength range of about 440 nm to about 470 nm.

[0252] In one or more embodiments, the emitter layer EML comprises the fused polycyclic compound of the embodiments and may include at least one of a second to a fourth compound. In one or more embodiments, the emitter layer EML may include a second compound represented by formula HT-1. For example, the second compound may be used as a hole transport host material of the emitter layer EML.

[0253] HT-1

[0254]

[0255] In formula HT-1, M1 to M8 can each be N or CR independently. a11 For example, M1 to M8 can all be CR. a11 In one or more embodiments, any one of M1 to M8 may be N, and the remainder may be CR. a11 .

[0256] In formula HT-1, L q1 It can be a directly linked, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. For example, in one or more embodiments, L q1 It may be a directly linked, substituted or unsubstituted phenylene, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent biphenyl, or a substituted or unsubstituted divalent carbazole group, but the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited thereto.

[0257] In equation HT-1, Y a Can be used for direct connection, CR a12 R a13 or SiR a14 R a15 For example, two six-membered rings (e.g., two benzene rings) connected to the nitrogen atom of formula HT-1 can be directly connected... or Connection. In equation HT-1, if (for example, when) Y a If the connection is direct, the second compound represented by formula HT-1 may include a carbazole moiety.

[0258] In formula HT-1, Ar a It can be an aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, either substituted or unsubstituted, or a heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, either substituted or unsubstituted. For example, in one or more embodiments, Ar... a It may be a substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuranyl, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothiophene, and / or a substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl, etc., but the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited thereto.

[0259] In equation HT-1, R a11 To R a15 Each of the following can independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted thio group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted boryl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group with 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms. In one or more embodiments, the group selected from R... a11 To R a15 One or more of the groups can combine with adjacent groups to form a ring. For example, in one or more embodiments, R a11 To R a15 Each can be an independent hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom. R a11 To R a15 Each can be an unsubstituted methyl or an unsubstituted phenyl group, and each can be independently represented by an unsubstituted methyl group or an unsubstituted phenyl group.

[0260] In one or more embodiments, the second compound represented by formula HT-1 may be any one of the compounds represented in compound group 2. The emitter layer EML may include at least one of the compounds represented in compound group 2 as a hole transport host material.

[0261] Compound group 2

[0262]

[0263]

[0264]

[0265]

[0266] In the specific compounds represented in Compound Group 2, "D" refers to a deuterium atom, and "Ph" may refer to a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group. For example, in the specific compounds represented in Compound Group 2, "Ph" may be an unsubstituted phenyl group.

[0267] In one or more embodiments, the emitter layer EML may include a third compound represented by formula ET-1. For example, the third compound may be used as the electron transport host material of the emitter layer EML.

[0268] ET-1

[0269]

[0270] In Equation ET-1, Z is selected. a To Z c At least one of them can be N, and the rest can be CR. a16 For example, in one or more embodiments, Z is selected. a To Z c Any one of them can be N, and the other two can each be CR independently. a16 In these embodiments, the third compound represented by formula ET-1 may include a pyridine moiety. In one or more embodiments, Z a To Z c Two of them can be N, and the remaining one can be CR. a16 In these embodiments, the third compound represented by formula ET-1 may include a pyrimidine moiety. In one or more embodiments, all Z a To Z c It can be N. In embodiments, the third compound represented by formula ET-1 may include a triazine moiety.

[0271] In equation ET-1, R a16 It may be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms.

[0272] In Equation ET-1, b11 to b13 can each be an integer selected from 0 to 10 independently.

[0273] In Equation ET-1, Ar b To Ar d Each of these can independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. For example, in one or more embodiments, Ar b To Ar d Each can be independently a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted carbazole group.

[0274] In equation ET-1, L q2 To L q4 Each can be an arylene group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, directly linked, substituted or unsubstituted, or a heteroarylene group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted. If (for example, when) b11 to b13 are integers of 2 or greater, then multiple L... q2 Up to multiple L q4Each can be an arylene with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted, or a heteroarylene with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted.

[0275] In one or more embodiments, the third compound may be any one selected from compounds in group 3. The light-emitting element (ED) according to one or more embodiments may include at least one compound from group 3.

[0276] Compound group 3

[0277]

[0278]

[0279]

[0280]

[0281]

[0282]

[0283]

[0284] In the specific compounds represented in compound group 3, "D" refers to a deuterium atom, and "Ph" refers to an unsubstituted phenyl group.

[0285] In one or more embodiments, the emitter layer EML includes a second compound and a third compound, and the second and third compounds can form an excited-state complex. In the emitter layer EML, the excited-state complex can be formed by a hole transport host and an electron transport host. In this regard, the triplet (T1) energy level of the excited-state complex formed by the hole transport host and the electron transport host can correspond to the difference between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of the electron transport host and the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level of the hole transport host.

[0286] For example, in one or more embodiments, the absolute value of the triplet (T1) energy level of the excited-state complex formed by the hole transport host and the electron transport host can be from about 2.4 eV to about 3.0 eV. Additionally, the triplet (T1) energy level of the excited-state complex can be smaller than the bandgap value of each host material. The excited-state complex can have a triplet (T1) energy level of about 3.0 eV or less, which serves as the bandgap between the hole transport host and the electron transport host.

[0287] In one or more embodiments, in addition to the first to third compounds described above, the emitting layer EML may further include a fourth compound. The fourth compound can be used as a sensitizer for the emitting layer EML. Energy can be transferred from the fourth compound to the first compound, thereby generating luminescence.

[0288] For example, in one or more embodiments, the emitting layer EML may include an organometallic compound as a fourth compound, the organometallic compound comprising Pt (platinum) as a central metal atom and ligands bonded to the central metal atom. In one or more embodiments of the light-emitting element ED, the emitting layer EML may include a compound represented by formula D-1 as a fourth compound.

[0289] Formula D-1

[0290]

[0291] In formula D-1, Q1 to Q4 can each be independently C or N. C1 to C4 can each be independently a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon cyclic group with 5 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms.

[0292] In equation D-1, L 11 To L 13 Each can be independently connected directly. , , , substituted or unsubstituted alkylene groups of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylene groups of 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene groups of 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. In L 11 To L 13 middle," "Refers to the connection part with C1 to C4.

[0293] In equation D-1, b21 to b23 can each be 0 or 1 independently. If (for example, when) b21 is 0, then C1 and C2 may not be connected to each other. If (for example, when) b22 is 0, then C2 and C3 may not be connected to each other. If (for example, when) b23 is 0, then C3 and C4 may not be connected to each other.

[0294] In equation D-1, R 61 To R 64 R b5 and R b6Each of the following can independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted thio group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted boryl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group with 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms. In one or more embodiments, the group selected from R... 61 To R 64 R b5 and R b6 One or more of the groups can connect with adjacent groups to form a ring. R 61 To R 64 R b5 and R b6 Each can be independently a substituted or unsubstituted methyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted tert-butyl group.

[0295] In formula D-1, d1 to d4 can each be an integer selected from 0 to 4 independently. In formula D-1, if (for example, when) each of d1 to d4 is 0, then the fourth compound can be respectively not affected by R. 61 To R 64 Replacement. Where each of d1 to d4 is 4 and R 61 To R 64 The case where each of d1 to d4 is a hydrogen atom is the same as the case where each of d1 to d4 is 0. If (for example, when) each of d1 to d4 is an integer of 2 or greater, then multiple provided R 61 To R 64 Each of them can be identical, or selected from multiple R... 61 Up to multiple R 64 At least one of them may be different.

[0296] In formula D-1, C1 to C4 can each be independently represented by a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon cyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group selected from any of C-1 to C-5.

[0297]

[0298] In C-1 to C-5, P1 can be... or CR c4 P2 can be or NR c11 P3 can be or NR c12 P4 can be or CR c18 And P6 can be or CR c20 R c1 To R c20 Each of the groups can be independently a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or can be bonded to adjacent groups to form a ring.

[0299] Additionally, in C-1 to C-5, " "This refers to the portion connected to the central metal atom Pt, and..." "Corresponds to the adjacent ring bases C1 to C4 or the adjacent connecting body L" 11 To L 13 The connecting part.

[0300] An emitting layer EML according to one or more embodiments may include a first compound that is a fused polycyclic compound and at least one selected from a second to a fourth compound. For example, in one or more embodiments, the emitting layer EML may include a first compound, a second compound, and a third compound. In the emitting layer EML, the second compound and the third compound may form an excited-state complex, and energy may be transferred from the excited-state complex to the first compound to produce luminescence.

[0301] Additionally, the emitter layer EML may include a first compound, a second compound, a third compound, and a fourth compound. In the emitter layer EML, the second and third compounds may form an excited-state complex, and energy can be transferred from the excited-state complex to the fourth and first compounds to generate light emission. In one or more embodiments, the fourth compound may be a sensitizer. In one or more embodiments of the light-emitting element ED, the fourth compound included in the emitter layer EML may be used as a sensitizer (i.e., an auxiliary dopant) to transfer energy from the host to the first compound, which is the light-emitting dopant. For example, the fourth compound, acting as an auxiliary dopant, can accelerate the energy transfer to the first compound, thereby increasing the light emission proportion of the first compound. Therefore, the emitter layer EML of one or more embodiments may have improved luminous efficiency. Furthermore, if (e.g., when) the energy transfer to the first compound increases, excitons formed in the emitter layer EML may not accumulate inside the emitter layer EML and may emit light rapidly, thereby reducing the degradation of the light-emitting element. Therefore, the device lifetime of the light-emitting element ED according to one or more embodiments can be improved.

[0302] An ED according to one or more embodiments may include all of a first compound, a second compound, a third compound, and a fourth compound, such that an emissive layer EML comprises a combination of two host materials and two dopant materials. In an ED according to one or more embodiments, the emissive layer EML may exhibit superior or suitable luminescent efficiency characteristics by simultaneously (e.g., synchronously) including two different host materials as the second and third compounds, a first compound as an emission-delayed fluorescence dopant, and a fourth compound as an organometallic complex as an auxiliary dopant.

[0303] In one or more embodiments, the fourth compound represented by formula D-1 may be represented by any of the compounds selected from those represented in compound group 4. The emission layer EML may include at least one of the compounds represented in compound group 4 as a sensitizer material.

[0304] Compound group 4

[0305]

[0306]

[0307]

[0308] In the specific compounds represented in compound group 4, "D" refers to the deuterium atom.

[0309] In a light-emitting element (ED) according to one or more embodiments, if (e.g., when) the emitting layer (EML) comprises all of the first, second, and third compounds described above, then the content (e.g., amount) of the first compound can be from about 0.1 wt% to about 5 wt% based on the total weight of the first, second, and third compounds. However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. When the content (e.g., amount) of the first compound satisfies the above-described proportions, energy transfer from the second and third compounds to the first compound can be increased, and therefore, luminous efficiency and element lifetime can be increased.

[0310] The content (e.g., amount) of the second and third compounds in the emitter layer EML can be the remainder excluding the weight of the first compound. For example, in one or more embodiments, based on the total weight of the first, second, and third compounds, the sum of the content (e.g., amount) of the second compound and the content (e.g., amount) of the third compound in the emitter layer EML can be from about 65 wt% to about 99.9 wt%.

[0311] The weight ratio of the second compound to the third compound in the total weight of the second and third compounds can be approximately 3:7 to 7:3.

[0312] When the content (e.g., amount) of the second compound and the content (e.g., amount) of the third compound meet the above-mentioned ratio, the charge balance characteristics within the emitter layer (EML) can be improved, thereby increasing luminous efficiency and device lifetime. When the content (e.g., amount) of the second compound and the content (e.g., amount) of the third compound deviate from the above-mentioned ratio range, the charge balance within the emitter layer (EML) can be disrupted, resulting in reduced luminous efficiency and easier device degradation.

[0313] In one or more embodiments, when the emitter layer EML includes a fourth compound, the content (e.g., amount) of the fourth compound may be from about 10 wt% to about 30 wt% based on the total weight of the first, second, third, and fourth compounds in the emitter layer EML. In one or more embodiments, when the emitter layer EML includes a fourth compound, the content (e.g., amount) of the second compound and the content (e.g., amount) of the third compound may be from about 65 wt% to about 89.9 wt% based on the total weight of the first, second, third, and fourth compounds in the emitter layer EML. However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. When the content (e.g., amount) of the fourth compound meets the above-mentioned content (e.g., amount) range, energy transfer from the host to the first compound, which is a light-emitting dopant, can be increased, thereby improving the light emission ratio and thus improving the luminous efficiency of the emitter layer EML. When the first, second, third, and fourth compounds included in the emitter layer EML meet the above-mentioned content (e.g., amount) ratio range, excellent or appropriate luminous efficiency and long device lifetime can be achieved.

[0314] The emitter layer EML may have a thickness of, for example, from about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å or from about 100 Å to about 300 Å. The emitter layer EML may have a monolayer structure formed by a single layer made of a single material, a monolayer structure formed by a single layer made of a variety of different materials, or a multilayer structure having multiple layers made of a variety of different materials.

[0315] exist Figures 5 to 9 In the light-emitting element (ED) according to one or more embodiments as described herein, the emitting layer (EML) may include the fused polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments as a dopant. Additionally, in Figures 5 to 9 In the light-emitting element (ED) according to one or more embodiments as illustrated herein, the emitting layer (EML) may include at least one of a first compound being a fused polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments, and a second compound represented by formula HT-1 and a third compound represented by formula ET-1. Additionally, in Figures 5 to 9In the light-emitting element ED of the embodiments described herein, the emitting layer EML may include a first compound, a second compound represented by formula HT-1, a third compound represented by formula ET-1, and a fourth compound represented by formula D-1, which are fused polycyclic compounds according to one or more embodiments.

[0316] In a light-emitting element (ED) according to one or more embodiments, the emitting layer (EML) may further comprise anthracene derivatives, pyrene derivatives, fluoranthene derivatives, 1,2-benzophenanthrene derivatives, dihydrobenzanthene derivatives, or triphenylene derivatives. For example, in one or more embodiments, the emitting layer (EML) may further comprise anthracene derivatives and / or pyrene derivatives.

[0317] exist Figures 5 to 9 In the light-emitting element (ED) according to one or more embodiments shown, the emitting layer (EML) may include a host and a dopant, and the emitting layer (EML) may further include a compound represented by Formula E-1. The compound represented by Formula E-1 can be used as a fluorescent host material.

[0318] E-1

[0319]

[0320] In equation E-1, R 31 To R 40 Each of the following can independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted thio group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group with 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group with 2 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or optionally combined with adjacent groups to form a ring. In one or more embodiments, selected from R 31 To R 40 One or more of them can independently combine with adjacent groups to form saturated hydrocarbon rings, unsaturated hydrocarbon rings, saturated heterocycles, or unsaturated heterocycles.

[0321] In E-1, “c” and “d” can each be an integer selected from 0 to 5 independently.

[0322] The compound represented by formula E-1 can be any one selected from compound E1 to compound E19.

[0323]

[0324]

[0325]

[0326]

[0327] In one or more embodiments, the emitting layer EML may further include a compound represented by formula E-2a or E-2b. The compound represented by formula E-2a or E-2b may be used as a host material in the phosphorescent emitting layer (e.g., as a phosphorescent host material).

[0328] E-2a

[0329]

[0330] In equation E-2a, a51 can be an integer selected from 0 to 10, L q11 It can be a directly linked, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. If (for example, when) a51 is an integer of 2 or greater, then multiple L q11 Each can be an arylene with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted, or a heteroarylene with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted.

[0331] Furthermore, in E-2a, A1 to A5 can each be independently N or CR. i R a To R i Each group may independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted thio group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group with 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or may independently combine with adjacent groups to form a ring. In one or more embodiments, the group selected from R a To R i One or more of them can independently combine with adjacent groups to form a hydrocarbon ring or a heterocycle including N, O and / or S as cyclic atoms.

[0332] In equation E-2a, two or three selected from A1 to A5 can be N, and the remainder can be CR. i .

[0333] E-2b

[0334]

[0335] In formula E-2b, Cbz1 and Cbz2 can each be independently an unsubstituted carbazole group or a carbazole group substituted with aryl groups of 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. qq It can be a directly linked, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. pp is an integer selected from 0 to 10, and if (for example, when) b is an integer of 2 or greater, then multiple L qq Each can be an arylene with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted, or a heteroarylene with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted.

[0336] The compound represented by formula E-2a or E-2b may be any compound selected from the group of compounds E-2. However, the compounds shown in group of compounds E-2 are for illustrative purposes only, and the compounds represented by formula E-2a or E-2b are not limited to those represented in group of compounds E-2.

[0337] Compound group E-2

[0338]

[0339]

[0340] In one or more embodiments, the emitter layer EML may further comprise a compound represented by the formula Ma. The compound represented by the formula Ma can be used as a phosphorescent dopant material.

[0341] Formula Ma

[0342]

[0343] In formula Ma, Y 11 To Y 14 and Z 11 To Z 14 Each can be independently designated as a CR 1u Or N, and R 1u To R 4u Each group may independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted thio group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group with 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or may independently combine with adjacent groups to form a ring. In the formula Ma, m 11 It is 0 or 1, and m 12It is 2 or 3. In the formula Ma, if (for example, when) m 11 When m is 0, then 12 It is 3, and if m 11 If m is 1, then 12 The value is 2.

[0344] Compounds represented by the formula Ma can be used as phosphorescent dopants.

[0345] The compound represented by formula Ma may be any one selected from compounds M-a1 to M-a25. However, compounds M-a1 to M-a25 are examples, and the compound represented by formula Ma is not limited to the compounds represented by compounds M-a1 to M-a25.

[0346]

[0347]

[0348]

[0349]

[0350] In one or more embodiments, the emitter layer EML may further include at least one compound selected from those represented by formulas Fa to Fc. At least one compound represented by formulas Fa to Fc can be used as a fluorescent dopant material.

[0351] Formula Fa

[0352]

[0353] In the formula Fa, the formula is selected from R. 31a To R 31j The two in can be independently... Replace. R 31a To R 31j China was not The remaining substituted parts may each be independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group of 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group of 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms.

[0354] exist in Ar 31 and Ar 32 Each can be an aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, either substituted or unsubstituted, or a heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, either substituted or unsubstituted. For example, Ar... 31 and Ar32 At least one of them may be a heteroaryl group that includes O or S as a cyclic atom.

[0355] Formula Fb

[0356]

[0357] In equation Fb, R 41a and R 41b Each of the following groups may be independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group with 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or may be combined with adjacent groups to form a ring. 41 To Ar 44 Each can be an aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted, or a heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted.

[0358] In formula Fb, U and V can each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon cyclic group with 5 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. (Selected from Ar) 41 To Ar 44 At least one of them may be a heteroaryl group that includes O or S as a cyclic atom.

[0359] In formula Fb, the number of rings represented by U and V can each be 0 or 1 independently. For example, in formula Fb, if (e.g., when) the number of U or V is 1, then a ring forms part of a fused ring at the portion marked by U or V, and if the number of U or V is 0, then no ring exists at the portion marked by U or V. For example, if (e.g., when) the number of U is 0 and the number of V is 1, or if the number of U is 1 and the number of V is 0, then the fused ring with a fluorene core in formula Fb can be a cyclic compound with four rings. In one or more embodiments, if the number of both U and V is 0, then the fused ring with a fluorene core in formula Fb can be a cyclic compound with three rings. In one or more embodiments, if the number of both U and V is 1, then the fused ring with a fluorene core in formula Fb can be a cyclic compound with five rings.

[0360] Formula Fc

[0361]

[0362] In equation Fc, A 11 and A 12 Each can be independently O, S, Se, or NR. m And Rm It can be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. R 1D To R 11D Each group may independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted boron group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted thio group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or combined with adjacent groups to form a ring.

[0363] In equation Fc, A 11 and A 12 Each can independently combine with substituents of adjacent rings to form a fused ring. For example, if (e.g., when) A 11 and A 12 Each can be independently designated as NR m (Time), then A 11 Can be used with R 4D or R 5D Combined to form a ring. In one or more embodiments, A 12 Can be used with R 7D or R 8D Combined to form a ring.

[0364] In one or more embodiments, the emitter layer (EML) may include, as a suitable dopant material, styrene derivatives (e.g., 1,4-bis[2-(3-N-ethylcarbazolyl)vinyl]benzene (BCzVB), 4-(di-p-tolylamino)-4'-[(di-p-tolylamino)styrene]stilbe (DPAVB), N-(4-((E)-2-(6-((E)-4-(diphenylamino)styrene)naphthalene- 2-yl)vinyl)phenyl)-N-phenylaniline (N-BDAVBi) and 4,4'-bis[2-(4-(N,N-diphenylamino)phenyl)vinyl]biphenyl (DPAVBi)), perylene and its derivatives (e.g., 2,5,8,11-tetra-tert-butylperylene (TBP)) and / or pyrene and its derivatives (e.g., 1,1'-dipyrene, 1,4-dipyrenebenzene and 1,4-bis(N,N-diphenylamino)pyrene), etc.

[0365] In one or more embodiments, the emitter layer (EML) may further comprise a suitable phosphorescent dopant material. For example, the phosphorescent dopant may be a metal composite comprising iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), osmium (Os), gold (Au), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu), terbium (Tb), or thulium (Tm). For example, bis(4,6-difluorophenylpyridyl-N,C2')pyridinecarboxylic acid iridium(III) (FIrpic), bis(2,4-difluorophenylpyridyl)-tetra(1-pyrazolyl)borate iridium(III) (FIr6), or octaethylporphyrin platinum (PtOEP) may be used as the phosphorescent dopant. However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0366] In one or more embodiments, the emitter layer EML may comprise a quantum dot material (e.g., a quantum dot). In one or more embodiments, the quantum dot comprises a core, and the core of the quantum dot may be selected from group II-VI compounds, group I-II-VI compounds, group II-IV-VI compounds, group I-II-IV-VI compounds, group II-IV-V compounds, group III-VI compounds, group I-III-VI compounds, group III-V compounds, group III-II-V compounds, group IV-VI compounds, group IV elements, group IV compounds, and combinations thereof.

[0367] Group II-VI compounds may be selected from the group consisting of: binary compounds selected from CdSe, CdTe, CdS, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnO, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, MgSe, MgS and mixtures thereof; ternary compounds selected from CdSeS, CdSeTe, CdSTe, ZnSeS, ZnSeTe, ZnSTe, HgSeS, HgSeTe, HgSTe, CdZnS, Cd Group II-VI compounds may further include Group I metals and / or Group IV elements. Group I-II-VI compounds may be selected from the group consisting of ZnSe, CdZnTe, CdHgS, CdHgSe, CdHgTe, HgZnS, HgZnSe, HgZnTe, MgZnSe, MgZnS, and mixtures thereof; and quaternary compounds selected from the group consisting of HgZnTeS, CdZnSeS, CdZnSeTe, CdZnSTe, CdHgSeS, CdHgSeTe, CdHgSTe, HgZnSeS, HgZnSeTe, and mixtures thereof. Group II-VI compounds may further include Group I metals and / or Group IV elements. Group I-II-VI compounds may be selected from CuZnS, etc. Group II-IV-VI compounds may be selected from ZnSnS, etc. Group I-II-IV-VI compounds may be selected from quaternary compounds selected from the group consisting of Cu2ZnSnS2, Cu2ZnSnS4, Cu2ZnSnSe4, Ag2ZnSnS2 and mixtures thereof.

[0368] Examples of Group II-IV-V compounds may be ternary compounds selected from the group consisting of ZnSnP, ZnSnP2, ZnSnAs2, ZnGeP2, ZnGeAs2, CdSnP2, CdGeP2 and mixtures thereof.

[0369] Group III-VI compounds may include binary compounds (such as In2S3 and In2Se3), ternary compounds (such as InGaS3 and InGaSe3), or any combination thereof.

[0370] Group I-III-VI compounds may be selected from: ternary compounds selected from the group consisting of AgInS, AgInS2, CuInS, CuInS2, AgGaS2, CuGaS2, CuGaO2, AgGaO2, AgAlO2 and mixtures thereof; and / or quaternary compounds, such as AgInGaS, AgInGaS2, AgInGaSe, AgInGaSe2, CuInGaS and CuInGaS2.

[0371] Group III-V compounds may be selected from the group consisting of: binary compounds selected from GaN, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, AlN, AlP, AlAs, AlSb, InN, InP, InAs, InSb, and mixtures thereof; ternary compounds selected from GaNP, GaNAs, GaNSb, GaPAs, GaPSb, AlNP, AlNAs, AlNSb, AlPAs, AlPSb, InGaP, InAlP, InNP, InNAs, InNSb, InPAs, InPSb, and mixtures thereof; and quaternary compounds selected from GaAlNP, GaAlNAs, GaAlNSb, GaAlPAs, GaAlPSb, GaInNP, GaInNAs, GaInNSb, GaInPAs, GaInPSb, InAlNP, InAlNAs, InAlNSb, InAlPAs, InAlPSb, and mixtures thereof. In one or more embodiments, the Group III-V compounds may further comprise a Group II metal. For example, InZnP and other compounds can be selected as group III-II-V compounds.

[0372] Group IV-VI compounds may be selected from the group consisting of: binary compounds selected from SnS, SnSe, SnTe, PbS, PbSe, PbTe and mixtures thereof; ternary compounds selected from SnSeS, SnSeTe, SnSTe, PbSeS, PbSeTe, PbSTe, SnPbS, SnPbSe, SnPbTe and mixtures thereof; and quaternary compounds selected from SnPbSSe, SnPbSeTe, SnPbSTe and mixtures thereof. Group IV elements may be selected from the group consisting of Si, Ge and mixtures thereof. Group IV compounds may be binary compounds selected from the group consisting of SiC, SiGe and mixtures thereof.

[0373] Each element included in a multi-component compound (such as a binary, ternary, and / or quaternary compound) may exist in the particles at a substantially homogeneous or substantially non-homogeneous concentration. For example, the chemical formula representing a semiconductor compound indicates the type (species) of elements included in the compound, and the proportions of elements in the compound may vary. For example, AgInGaS2 may indicate AgIn x Ga 1-x S2(0 <x<1)。

[0374] Quantum dots can have a single structure in which the concentration of each element contained in the quantum dot is substantially uniform, or a core-shell dual structure. For example, the materials contained in the core and the materials contained in the shell can be different from each other.

[0375] The shell of a quantum dot can serve as a protective layer to prevent or reduce chemical denaturation of the nucleus to maintain its semiconductor properties and / or as a charging layer to impart electrophoretic properties to the quantum dot. The shell can have a single layer or multiple layers. The interface between the nucleus and the shell can have a concentration gradient in which the concentration of elements present in the shell decreases towards the center of the nucleus.

[0376] Examples of shells for quantum dots may include metal or non-metal oxides, semiconductor compounds, or combinations thereof. For example, metal or non-metal oxides may include binary compounds (such as SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, ZnO, MnO, Mn2O3, Mn3O4, CuO, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, CoO, Co3O4, and / or NiO) or ternary compounds (such as MgAl2O4, CoFe2O4, NiFe2O4, and / or CoMn2O4), but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0377] Furthermore, examples of suitable semiconductor compounds as shells may include CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnSeS, ZnSTe, GaAs, GaP, GaSb, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, InAs, InP, InGaP, InSb, AlAs, AlP, and / or AlSb, but the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0378] Each element included in a multi-element compound (such as a binary, ternary, and / or quaternary compound) may exist in the particles at a substantially homogeneous or substantially non-homogeneous concentration. For example, the chemical formula representing a multi-element compound indicates the type (class) of elements included in the compound, and the proportions of elements within the compound may vary.

[0379] Quantum dots can have a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of emission spectra of about 45 nm or less, about 40 nm or less, or about 30 nm or less, and within this range, the color purity and / or color reproducibility of quantum dots can be improved. Furthermore, light emitted by such quantum dots is emitted in all directions, thereby improving optical viewing angle properties.

[0380] Furthermore, the shape of quantum dots can be any shape commonly used in the relevant fields, without specific limitations. For example, shapes such as spherical, conical, multi-armed or cubic nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanowires, nanofibers and / or nanoplates can be used.

[0381] Because the band gap of quantum dots can be controlled or selected by controlling the size of the quantum dots or the elemental ratios in the quantum dot compound, light of one or more suitable wavelengths can be obtained from the quantum dot emitting layer. Therefore, by using quantum dots as described above (using quantum dots of different sizes or quantum dots with different elemental ratios in the quantum dot compound), light-emitting elements emitting light within one or more suitable wavelength ranges can be realized. For example, the size of the quantum dots or the elemental ratios in the quantum dot compound can be selected to emit red, green, and / or blue light. Furthermore, quantum dots can be configured to emit white light by combining one or more suitable colors of light.

[0382] In such Figures 5 to 9 In the light-emitting element (ED) shown according to one or more embodiments, an electron transport region (ETR) is provided on the emitter layer (EML). The electron transport region (ETR) may include at least one of a hole blocking layer (HBL), an electron transport layer (ETL), and an electron injection layer (EIL). However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0383] The electronic transport region (ETR) can have a single-layer structure formed by a single layer made of a single material, a single-layer structure formed by a single layer made of a variety of different materials, or a multi-layer structure with multiple layers made of a variety of different materials.

[0384] For example, in one or more embodiments, the electron transport region (ETR) may have a monolayer structure of an electron injection layer (EIL) or an electron transport layer (ETL), or a monolayer structure formed using an electron injection material and an electron transport material. Further, the ETR may have a monolayer structure formed using a variety of different materials, or a structure in which the electron transport layer (ETL) / electron injection layer (EIL) or hole blocking layer (HBL) / electron transport layer (ETL) / electron injection layer (EIL) are stacked from the emitter layer (EML), but the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. The thickness of the ETR may be, for example, from about 1,000 Å to about 1,500 Å.

[0385] The electron transport region (ETR) can be formed using one or more suitable methods, such as vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, Langmuir-Brookett (LB) method, inkjet printing, laser printing and / or laser-induced thermal imaging (LITI).

[0386] The electron transport region (ETR) may include compounds represented by the formula ET-2.

[0387] ET-2

[0388]

[0389] In Equation ET-2, X is selected 51 To X 53 At least one of them can be N, and the rest can be CR. a71 R a71 It can be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. 51 To Ar 53 Each of them may be independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms.

[0390] In Equation ET-2, t1 to t3 can each be an integer selected from 0 to 10 independently. In Equation ET-2, L 51 To L 53Each can be an arylene group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, directly linked, substituted or unsubstituted, or a heteroarylene group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted. If (for example, when) each of t1 to t3 is an integer of 2 or greater, then multiple L... 51 Up to multiple L 53 Each can be an arylene with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted, or a heteroarylene with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted.

[0391] In one or more embodiments, the electron transport region (ETR) may include anthracene compounds. However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto, and the ETR may include, for example, tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq3), 1,3,5-tris[(3-pyridyl)-benzyl-3-yl]benzene, 2,4,6-tris(3'-(pyridyl-3-yl)biphenyl-3-yl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(4-(N-phenylbenzimidazolyl-1-yl)phenyl)-9,10-dinaphthane, 1,3,5-tris(1-phenyl-1H-benzimidazolyl-2-yl) Benzene (TPBi), 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), 3-(biphenyl-4-yl)-4-phenyl-5-tert-butylphenyl-1,2,4-triazole (TAZ), 4-(naphthyl-1-yl)-3,5-diphenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole (NTAZ), 2-(biphenyl-4-yl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole ( t Bu-PBD), bis(2-methyl-8-hydroxyquinoline-N1,O8)-(1,1'-biphenyl-4-hydroxy)aluminum (BAlq), bis(benzoquinoline-10-hydroxy)beryllium (Bebq2), 9,10-bis(naphthyl-2-yl)anthracene (ADN), 1,3-bis[3,5-bis(pyridin-3-yl)phenyl]benzene (BmPyPhB) and / or mixtures thereof.

[0392] In one or more embodiments, the electron transport region (ETR) may include at least one selected from compounds ET1 to ET36.

[0393]

[0394]

[0395]

[0396]

[0397]

[0398]

[0399]

[0400] In one or more embodiments, the electron transport region (ETR) may include metal halide compounds (such as LiF, NaCl, CsF, RbCl, RbI, CuI, and / or KI), lanthanides (such as Yb), and / or co-deposited materials of metal halide compounds and lanthanides. For example, in one or more embodiments, the ETR may include KI:Yb, RbI:Yb, and / or LiF:Yb as co-deposited materials. In one or more embodiments, the ETR may use metal oxides (such as Li₂O and BaO) or lithium 8-hydroxyquinoline (Liq). However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. The ETR may also be formed using a mixture of electron transport materials and insulating organometallic salts. The insulating organometallic salt may be a material having a band gap of about 4 eV or greater. For example, the insulating organometallic salt may include, for example, metal acetates, metal benzoates, metal acetoacetates, metal acetylacetonates, and / or metal stearates.

[0401] In one or more embodiments, in addition to the aforementioned materials, the electron transport region (ETR) may also include at least one of 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), diphenyl(4-(triphenylsilyl)phenyl)phosphine oxide (TSPO1), and 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen). However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0402] The electron transport region (ETR) may include a compound of the electron transport region (ETR) in at least one of the electron injection layer (EIL), the electron transport layer (ETL), and the hole blocking layer (HBL).

[0403] If, for example, the electron transport region (ETR) includes an electron transport layer (ETL), the thickness of the ETL can be from about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, for example, from about 150 Å to about 500 Å. If the thickness of the ETL meets the above range, satisfactory electron transport characteristics can be obtained without significantly increasing the driving voltage. If, for example, the ETR includes an electron injection layer (EIL), the thickness of the EIL can be from about 1 Å to about 100 Å or from about 3 Å to about 90 Å. If the thickness of the EIL meets the above range, satisfactory electron injection properties can be obtained without significantly increasing the driving voltage.

[0404] The second electrode EL2 may be provided on the electron transport region ETR. The second electrode EL2 may be a common electrode. The second electrode EL2 may be a cathode or an anode, but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, if (e.g., when) the first electrode EL1 is an anode, then the second electrode EL2 may be a cathode, and if (e.g., when) the first electrode EL1 is a cathode, then the second electrode EL2 may be an anode.

[0405] The second electrode EL2 can be a transmission electrode, a transmission-reflection electrode, or a reflection electrode. If (for example, when) the second electrode EL2 is a transmission electrode, then the second electrode EL2 may include a transparent metal oxide, such as indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), and / or indium tin zinc oxide (ITZO), etc.

[0406] If (for example, when) the second electrode EL2 is a transmissive or reflective electrode, then the second electrode EL2 may include Ag, Mg, Cu, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, LiF, Mo, Ti, Yb, W, Na, or compounds or mixtures thereof (e.g., AgMg, AgYb, MgYb, AgLi, or AgNa), or materials with a multilayer structure, such as LiF / Ca (a stacked structure of LiF and Ca) or LiF / Al (a stacked structure of LiF and Al). In one or more embodiments, the second electrode EL2 may have a multilayer structure, which includes a reflective or transmissive layer formed using the above-described materials and a transparent conductive layer formed using ITO, IZO, ZnO, and / or ITZO. For example, the second electrode EL2 may include the aforementioned metallic materials, combinations of two or more metallic materials selected from the aforementioned metallic materials, and / or oxides of the aforementioned metallic materials.

[0407] In one or more embodiments, the second electrode EL2 may be connected to an auxiliary electrode. If the second electrode EL2 is connected to the auxiliary electrode, the resistance of the second electrode EL2 may be reduced.

[0408] In one or more embodiments, the capping layer CPL may be further disposed on the second electrode EL2 in the light-emitting element ED. The capping layer CPL may comprise multiple layers or a single layer.

[0409] In one or more embodiments, the capping layer CPL may be an organic layer or an inorganic layer. For example, if (e.g., when) the capping layer CPL comprises an inorganic material, the inorganic material may include alkali metal compounds (such as LiF), alkaline earth metal compounds (such as MgF2), SiON, SiN. x and / or SiO y wait.

[0410] In one or more embodiments, if (for example, when) the capping layer CPL comprises an organic material, the organic material may include α-NPD, NPB, TPD, m-MTDATA, Alq3, CuPc, N4,N4,N4',N4'-tetra(biphenyl-4-yl)biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (TPD15) and / or 4,4',4''-tris(carbazole-9-yl)triphenylamine (TCTA), or may include epoxy resins and / or acrylates (such as methacrylates). Additionally, the capping layer CPL may comprise at least one selected from compounds P1 to P5, but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0411]

[0412]

[0413] The refractive index of the capping layer CPL can be about 1.6 or greater. For example, the refractive index of the capping layer CPL can be about 1.6 or greater relative to light in the wavelength range of about 550 nm to about 660 nm.

[0414] Figures 13 to 16 This is a cross-sectional view of a display module DM-a, DM-TD, DM-b, or DM-c according to one or more embodiments. (Refer to...) Figures 13 to 16 In the explanation of the display modules DM-a, DM-TD, DM-b, or DM-c according to one or more embodiments, for the sake of brevity, further explanations will not be provided regarding the comparison with the original embodiments. Figures 1 to 9 The explanation will cover the repeated parts, and will mainly focus on the different features.

[0415] refer to Figure 13 According to one or more embodiments, the display module DM-a may include a display panel DP containing a display element layer DP-ED, a light control layer CCL disposed on the display panel DP, and a color filter layer CFL. Figure 13 In one or more embodiments shown, the display panel DP includes a substrate layer BS, a circuit layer DP-CL provided on the substrate layer BS, and a display element layer DP-ED, wherein the display element layer DP-ED may include a light-emitting element ED.

[0416] A light-emitting element (ED) may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR disposed on the first electrode EL1, an emitter layer EML disposed on the hole transport region HTR, an electron transport region ETR disposed on the emitter layer EML, and a second electrode EL2 disposed on the electron transport region ETR. Figures 5 to 9 The same structure as the light-emitting element (ED) can be applied to Figure 13 The structure of the light-emitting element ED is shown in the figure. Figure 13The light-emitting element (ED) described herein may include fused polycyclic compounds of one or more embodiments. Accordingly, the ED may exhibit high luminous efficiency and long device lifetime characteristics. Furthermore, the ED according to one or more embodiments may exhibit high luminous efficiency and long device lifetime characteristics in the blue emission range.

[0417] refer to Figure 13 The emitting layer EML can be disposed in the opening OH defined by the pixel defining layer PDL. For example, the emitting layer EML, divided by the pixel defining layer PDL and correspondingly provided to each of the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B, can emit light within substantially the same wavelength range. In the display module DM-a according to one or more embodiments, the emitting layer EML can emit blue light. In one or more embodiments, the emitting layer EML can be provided as a common layer for all light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B.

[0418] A light control layer CCL may be disposed on the display panel DP. Although the light control layer CCL is shown disposed above the display element layer DP-ED, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the light control layer CCL may be disposed below the display element layer DP-ED. The light control layer CCL may include a light converter. The light converter may be a quantum dot and / or a phosphor. The light converter can convert the wavelength of the provided light and then emit it. For example, the light control layer CCL may be a layer comprising quantum dots or a layer comprising phosphors.

[0419] The optical control layer (CCL) may include multiple optical control components CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3. These multiple optical control components CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3 may be separate from each other.

[0420] refer to Figure 13 The partition pattern BMP can be arranged between separate light control components CCP1, CCP2 and CCP3, but the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. Figure 13 The partition pattern BMP is shown to not overlap with the light control components CCP1, CCP2 and CCP3, but at least a portion of the edges of the light control components CCP1, CCP2 and CCP3 may overlap with the partition pattern BMP.

[0421] The light control layer CCL may include: a first light control component CCP1 including a first quantum dot QD1, which converts a first color light provided by the light-emitting element ED into a second color light; a second light control component CCP2 including a second quantum dot QD2, which converts the first color light into a third color light; and a third light control component CCP3 that transmits the first color light.

[0422] In one or more embodiments, the first light control component CCP1 can provide red light as a second color light, and the second light control component CCP2 can provide green light as a third color light. The third color control component CCP3 can transmit and provide blue light as the first color light provided from the light-emitting element ED. For example, the first quantum dot QD1 can be a red quantum dot, and the second quantum dot QD2 can be a green quantum dot. The same content as described above can be applied to quantum dots QD1 and QD2.

[0423] In one or more embodiments, the light control layer CCL may further include a scatterer SP. The first light control component CCP1 may include a first quantum dot QD1 and a scatterer SP, the second light control component CCP2 may include a second quantum dot QD2 and a scatterer SP, and the third light control component CCP3 may not include (e.g., exclude) (e.g., any) quantum dots but may include the scatterer SP.

[0424] The scatterer SP can be inorganic particles. For example, the scatterer SP may include at least one of TiO2, ZnO, Al2O3, SiO2, and hollow silica. The scatterer SP may include one selected from TiO2, ZnO, Al2O3, SiO2, and hollow silica, or may include a mixture of two or more materials selected from TiO2, ZnO, Al2O3, SiO2, and hollow silica.

[0425] The first light control component CCP1, the second light control component CCP2, and the third light control component CCP3 may each comprise a base resin BR1, BR2, and BR3, respectively, containing dispersed quantum dots QD1 and QD2 and scattering particles SP. In one or more embodiments, the first light control component CCP1 may include the first quantum dot QD1 and the scattering particle SP dispersed in the first base resin BR1, the second light control component CCP2 may include the second quantum dot QD2 and the scattering particle SP dispersed in the second base resin BR2, and the third light control component CCP3 may include the scattering particle SP dispersed in the third base resin BR3.

[0426] The base resins BR1, BR2, and BR3 may be the medium in which quantum dots QD1 and QD2 and scatterers SP are correspondingly dispersed, and may consist of one or more suitable resin compositions, commonly referred to as binders. For example, the base resins BR1, BR2, and BR3 may be acrylic resins, urethane resins, silicone resins, and / or epoxy resins, etc. The base resins BR1, BR2, and BR3 may be transparent resins. In one or more embodiments, the first base resin BR1, the second base resin BR2, and the third base resin BR3 may be the same as or different from each other.

[0427] In one or more embodiments, the light control layer CCL may include an isolation layer BFL1. The isolation layer BFL1 serves to block the penetration of moisture and / or oxygen (hereinafter referred to as "moisture / oxygen"). The isolation layer BFL1 may be disposed on the light control components CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3 and may prevent the light control components CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3 from being exposed to moisture / oxygen. The isolation layer BFL1 may cover the light control components CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3. In one or more embodiments, the color filter layer CFL may include an isolation layer BFL2 disposed on the light control components CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3. The isolation layer BFL2 may also be provided between the light control components CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3 and the color filters CF1, CF2, and CF3.

[0428] The isolation layers BFL1 and BFL2 may each include at least one inorganic layer. For example, in one or more embodiments, the isolation layers BFL1 and BFL2 may each be formed by including inorganic materials. For example, the isolation layers BFL1 and BFL2 may be formed by including silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, zirconium nitride, titanium nitride, hafnium nitride, tantalum nitride, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide, cerium oxide, silicon oxynitride, and / or a metal thin film that ensures light transmittance. The isolation layers BFL1 and BFL2 may each further include an organic film. The isolation layers BFL1 and BFL2 may each consist independently of multiple layers or a single layer.

[0429] In the display module DM-a according to one or more embodiments, the color filter layer CFL may be disposed on the light control layer CCL. For example, in one or more embodiments, the color filter layer CFL may be disposed directly on the light control layer CCL. In these embodiments, the isolation layer BFL2 may not be provided.

[0430] The color filter layer CFL may include filters CF1, CF2, and CF3. The color filter layer CFL may include a first filter CF1 that transmits a second color of light, a second filter CF2 that transmits a third color of light, and a third filter CF3 that transmits a first color of light. For example, in one or more embodiments, the first filter CF1 may be a red filter, the second filter CF2 may be a green filter, and the third filter CF3 may be a blue filter. Each of filters CF1, CF2, and CF3 may include a polymeric photosensitive resin and pigments and / or dyes. For example, the first filter CF1 may include red pigments and / or dyes, the second filter CF2 may include green pigments and / or dyes, and the third filter CF3 may include blue pigments and / or dyes.

[0431] However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto, and the third filter CF3 may not include (e.g., may exclude) any pigments and / or dyes. The third filter CF3 may include a polymeric photosensitive resin and does not include any pigments or dyes. The third filter CF3 may be transparent. The third filter CF3 may be formed using a transparent photosensitive resin.

[0432] Additionally, in one or more embodiments, the first filter CF1 and the second filter CF2 may be yellow filters. The first filter CF1 and the second filter CF2 may be provided as a single unit without distinction.

[0433] In one or more embodiments, the color filter layer CFL may further include a light-blocking component. The light-blocking component may be a black matrix. The light-blocking component may be formed by including organic and / or inorganic light-blocking materials, which may include black pigments and / or black dyes. The light-blocking component prevents or reduces light leakage and defines the boundaries between adjacent filters CF1, CF2, and CF3. Additionally, in one or more embodiments, the light-blocking component may be formed as a blue color filter.

[0434] Each of the first to third filters CF1, CF2 and CF3 can be arranged to correspond to each of the first light-emitting region PXA-R, the second light-emitting region PXA-G and the third light-emitting region PXA-B.

[0435] The substrate BL can be disposed on the color filter layer CFL. The substrate BL can be a component providing a substrate surface, with the color filter layer CFL and / or light control layer CCL disposed on the substrate surface. The substrate BL can be a glass substrate, a metal substrate, and / or a plastic substrate, etc. However, one or more embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto, and the substrate BL can be an inorganic layer, an organic layer, or a composite material layer. Additionally, with... Figure 13 Unlike other implementations, a substrate BL may not be provided in the following ways.

[0436] Figure 14 This is a cross-sectional view illustrating a portion of a display module DM-TD according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. In the display module DM-TD according to one or more embodiments, the light-emitting element ED-BT may include a plurality of light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3. At least one of the plurality of light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 may include a fused polycyclic compound of one or more embodiments. Accordingly, the light-emitting element ED-BT can exhibit high luminous efficiency and long device lifetime characteristics. In addition, the light-emitting element ED-BT according to one or more embodiments can exhibit high luminous efficiency and long device lifetime characteristics in the blue emission range.

[0437] The light-emitting element ED-BT may include a first electrode EL1 and a second electrode EL2 arranged opposite to each other, and a plurality of light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 sequentially stacked in the thickness direction and provided between the first electrode EL1 and the second electrode EL2. Each of the light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 may include an emissive layer EML (Emitting Layer, Emitting Layer, Emitting Layer). Figure 5 ) as well as the hole transport region (HTR) and electron transport region (ETR), and the emitter layer (EML). Figure 5 The light-emitting element ED-BT is arranged between the hole transport region HTR and the electron transport region ETR. For example, the light-emitting element ED-BT included in the display module DM-TD according to one or more embodiments may be a light-emitting element with a series structure including multiple emitter layers EML.

[0438] exist Figure 14 In one or more embodiments shown, the light emitted from the light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 may all be blue light. However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto, and the wavelength ranges of the light emitted from the light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 may be different from each other. For example, a light-emitting element ED-BT comprising multiple light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 emitting light in different wavelength ranges may emit white light (e.g., combined white light).

[0439] Charge generation layers CGL1 and CGL2 can be arranged between adjacent light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3. Figure 14 In the embodiment shown, charge generation layers CGL1 and CGL2 may include a first charge generation layer CGL1 disposed between the first light-emitting structure OL-B1 and the second light-emitting structure OL-B2, and a second charge generation layer CGL2 disposed between the second light-emitting structure OL-B2 and the third light-emitting structure OL-B3. The first charge generation layer CGL1 and the second charge generation layer CGL2 may each independently include a p-type (species) charge generation layer and / or an n-type (species) charge generation layer.

[0440] refer to Figure 15 The display module DM-b according to one or more embodiments may include first to third light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 in which two emission layers are stacked. At least one of the first to third light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may include a fused polycyclic compound of the embodiments. Accordingly, the first to third light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may exhibit high luminous efficiency and long device lifetime characteristics. In addition, the display module DM-b according to one or more embodiments may exhibit high luminous efficiency and long device lifetime characteristics in the blue emission range.

[0441] and Figure 3 and Figure 4 Compared to the display module DM shown in the figure according to one or more embodiments, Figure 15 The display module DM-b shown in the figure differs in that the first to third light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 each include two emitting layers stacked in the thickness direction. In the first to third light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3, the two emitting layers can emit light in substantially the same wavelength range.

[0442] According to one or more embodiments, the first light-emitting element ED-1 may include a first red emitting layer EML-R1 and a second red emitting layer EML-R2. The second light-emitting element ED-2 may include a first green emitting layer EML-G1 and a second green emitting layer EML-G2. Additionally, the third light-emitting element ED-3 may include a first blue emitting layer EML-B1 and a second blue emitting layer EML-B2. A light-emitting auxiliary component OG may be disposed between the first red emitting layer EML-R1 and the second red emitting layer EML-R2, between the first green emitting layer EML-G1 and the second green emitting layer EML-G2, and between the first blue emitting layer EML-B1 and the second blue emitting layer EML-B2. In this regard, at least one of the first blue emitting layer EML-B1 and the second blue emitting layer EML-B2 may include a fused polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments.

[0443] The light-emitting auxiliary component (OG) may comprise a single layer or multiple layers. The OG may include a charge-generating layer. For example, the OG may include an electron transport region (not shown), a charge-generating layer (not shown), and a hole transport region (not shown) stacked in sequence (e.g., in the order described). The OG may be provided as a common layer in all the first to third light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto, and the OG may be patterned and provided in an opening OH defined by a pixel-defining layer PDL.

[0444] The first red emitting layer EML-R1, the first green emitting layer EML-G1, and the first blue emitting layer EML-B1 can be arranged between the light-emitting auxiliary component OG and the electron transport region ETR. The second red emitting layer EML-R2, the second green emitting layer EML-G2, and the second blue emitting layer EML-B2 can be arranged between the hole transport region HTR and the light-emitting auxiliary component OG.

[0445] For example, in one or more embodiments, the first light-emitting element ED-1 may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR, a second red emitting layer EML-R2, a light-emitting auxiliary component OG, the first red emitting layer EML-R1, an electron transport region ETR, and a second electrode EL2 stacked in sequence (e.g., in the order described). The second light-emitting element ED-2 may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR, a second green emitting layer EML-G2, a light-emitting auxiliary component OG, a first green emitting layer EML-G1, an electron transport region ETR, and a second electrode EL2 stacked in sequence (e.g., in the order described). The third light-emitting element ED-3 may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR, a second blue emitting layer EML-B2, a light-emitting auxiliary component OG, a first blue emitting layer EML-B1, an electron transport region ETR, and a second electrode EL2 stacked in sequence (e.g., in the order described).

[0446] An optical auxiliary layer (PL) can be disposed on the display element layer (DP-ED). The optical auxiliary layer (PL) may include a polarizing layer. The optical auxiliary layer (PL) can be disposed on the display panel (DP) and can control the light reflected from the display panel (DP) by external light. Figure 15 Unlike other methods, the optical auxiliary layer PL may not be provided in the display module DM-b according to one or more embodiments.

[0447] and Figure 14 and Figure 15 different, Figure 16 A display module DM-c according to one or more embodiments is shown, comprising four light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3, and OL-C1. The light-emitting element ED-CT may include a first electrode EL1 and a second electrode EL2 arranged opposite to each other, and first to fourth light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3, and OL-C1 stacked sequentially in the thickness direction between the first electrode EL1 and the second electrode EL2. At least one of the first to fourth light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3, and OL-C1 may include a fused polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments. Accordingly, the light-emitting element ED-CT can exhibit high luminous efficiency and long device lifetime characteristics. Additionally, the light-emitting element ED-CT according to one or more embodiments can exhibit high luminous efficiency and long device lifetime characteristics in the blue emission range.

[0448] Charge generation layers CGL3, CGL2, and CGL1 can be arranged between the first to fourth light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3, and OL-C1. For example, the first charge generation layer CGL1 is arranged between the third light-emitting structure OL-B3 and the fourth light-emitting structure OL-C1. The second charge generation layer CGL2 is arranged between the second light-emitting structure OL-B2 and the third light-emitting structure OL-B3. The third charge generation layer CGL3 is arranged between the first light-emitting structure OL-B1 and the second light-emitting structure OL-B2. Among the four light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3, and OL-C1, the first to third light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 emit blue light, and the fourth light-emitting structure OL-C1 emits green light. However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited to this, and the first to fourth light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3, and OL-C1 can emit light within different wavelength ranges. The charge generation layers CGL3, CGL2 and CGL1 arranged between adjacent light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3 and OL-C1 may each include a p-type (type) charge generation layer and / or an n-type (type) charge generation layer.

[0449] In one or more embodiments, the electronic device may include a display device comprising a plurality of light-emitting elements and a control component for controlling the display device. In one or more embodiments, at least one selected from the plurality of light-emitting elements may include the fused polycyclic compound described above according to one or more embodiments in the emitting layer.

[0450] An electronic device according to one or more embodiments may be a device activated according to an electrical signal. An electronic device according to one or more embodiments may include a reference... Figure 3 , Figure 4 and / or Figures 13 to 16 The electronic device may include one or more display modules DM, DM-a, DM-TD, DM-b, or DM-c according to one or more embodiments. For example, the electronic device may include large display devices (such as televisions, monitors, and billboards), and / or medium and / or small display devices (such as personal computers, laptops, personal digital terminals, display devices for automobiles, game consoles, portable electronic devices, or cameras).

[0451] An electronic device according to one or more embodiments may include a display module comprising the fused polycyclic compound of the embodiments and may exhibit high luminous efficiency and long device lifetime characteristics. An electronic device according to one or more embodiments may have improved display efficiency and display lifetime and may exhibit excellent or adequate display quality.

[0452] Figure 17This is a perspective view of an electronic device EA according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 17 The tablet terminal is explained as an electronic device EA according to one or more embodiments of this disclosure. The electronic device EA of one or more embodiments may include a display module DM according to one or more embodiments. For example, electronic modules, camera modules, and / or power modules mounted on a motherboard may be arranged together with the display module DM in a bracket / housing HAU to configure the tablet terminal.

[0453] Figure 17 The electronic device EA according to one or more embodiments as described herein may include references Figure 3 , Figure 4 and / or Figures 13 to 16 The display modules DM, DM-a, DM-TD, DM-b or DM-c described according to one or more embodiments.

[0454] In one or more embodiments, an electronic device EA is shown including a display module DM having a flat display surface, but the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. The electronic device EA may also include a curved display surface or a three-dimensional display surface. For example, a three-dimensional display surface may include multiple display areas pointing in different directions, and may also include a bent display surface. The electronic device EA according to these embodiments may be a flexible electronic device. A flexible electronic device may be a foldable electronic device.

[0455] like Figure 17 As shown, the display surface EA-IS includes an effective area AA on which an image is displayed and a border area NAA adjacent to the effective area AA. The border area NAA is the area in which no image is displayed. Figure 17 This section explains how icon images are implemented as images. The effective area AA can be referred to as the display area of ​​the display module DM, and the border area NAA can be referred to as the non-display area of ​​the display module DM.

[0456] Figure 18 This is a perspective view of an electronic device EA-M according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 18 This section explains the portable terminal as an electronic device EA-M according to an implementation method. (Reference) Figure 18 The electronic device EA-M according to the embodiments may include multiple display surfaces. The electronic device EA-M according to the embodiments may include display surfaces IS-M, IS-S1, IS-S2, IS-S3 and IS-S4 with different main display orientations.

[0457] In one or more embodiments, the electronic device EA-M may be a three-dimensional display device including an upper display surface IS-M and a plurality of side display surfaces IS-S1, IS-S2, IS-S3, and IS-S4. Each of the plurality of side display surfaces IS-S1, IS-S2, IS-S3, and IS-S4 may be a display surface extending from one side of the upper display surface IS-M. In one or more embodiments, the electronic device EA-M may include a main display surface that provides images primarily in one direction and a plurality of sub-display surfaces that provide images in directions different from that one direction. Figure 18 In one or more embodiments of the electronic device EA-M as illustrated herein, the main display surface may be the upper display surface IS-M, and the sub-display surfaces may be the side display surfaces IS-S1, IS-S2, IS-S3, and IS-S4.

[0458] Side display surfaces IS-S1, IS-S2, IS-S3, and IS-S4 may have display surfaces that are not parallel to the upper display surface IS-M. In one or more embodiments, the plurality of side display surfaces IS-S1, IS-S2, IS-S3, and IS-S4 may be display areas that are each bent and extended from one side of the upper display surface IS-M, and for example, the plurality of side display surfaces IS-S1, IS-S2, IS-S3, and IS-S4 may be bent display areas.

[0459] Figure 18 The electronic equipment EA-M described in the document may include references Figure 3 , Figure 4 and / or Figures 13 to 16 The display modules DM, DM-a, DM-TD, DM-b or DM-c described according to one or more embodiments.

[0460] Figure 19 A diagram illustrating the interior of a vehicle AM ​​in which first to fourth electronic devices EA-A1, EA-A2, EA-A3, and EA-A4 are arranged. At least one of the first to fourth electronic devices EA-A1, EA-A2, EA-A3, and EA-A4 may include reference... Figure 3 , Figure 4 and / or Figures 10 to 16 The described implementation includes display modules DM, DM-a, DM-TD, DM-b, or DM-c.

[0461] exist Figure 19 The text describes a car as a vehicle AM, but this is just an example, and the first to fourth electronic devices EA-A1, EA-A2, EA-A3 and EA-A4 can be arranged on other means of transportation (such as bicycles, motorcycles, trains, ships or airplanes).

[0462] At least one of the first to fourth electronic devices EA-A1, EA-A2, EA-A3, and EA-A4 may include a reference. Figures 5 to 9 The light-emitting element (ED) of the described embodiments. At least one of the first to fourth electronic devices EA-A1, EA-A2, EA-A3, and EA-A4 may include a fused polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments. Accordingly, the first to fourth electronic devices EA-A1, EA-A2, EA-A3, and EA-A4 including the fused polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments may have improved display efficiency and display lifespan. In addition, the first to fourth electronic devices EA-A1, EA-A2, EA-A3, and EA-A4 including the fused polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments may exhibit excellent or adequate display quality.

[0463] refer to Figure 19 The vehicle AM ​​may include a steering wheel HA for motion control and a gear shift GR, and may include a front window GL positioned in front of the driver.

[0464] The first electronic device EA-A1 can be a digital instrument panel displaying first information about the vehicle's engine (AM). This first information may include a first scale indicating the vehicle's speed, a second scale indicating engine speed in revolutions per minute (RPM), and an image indicating fuel status. The first and second scales can be displayed as digital images. Figure 19 In one or more embodiments illustrated herein, the first electronic device EA-A1 may be arranged in a first region overlapping with the steering wheel HA. However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto, and the first electronic device EA-A1 may be arranged on the entire dashboard, or may be separately arranged in a portion opposite the driver's seat (e.g., driver-facing seat) and a portion opposite the passenger's seat (e.g., passenger-facing seat).

[0465] The second electronic device EA-A2 may be disposed in a second area between the driver's seat and the windshield GL. For example, the second electronic device EA-A2 may be a head-up display (HUD) showing second information about the vehicle's AM. The second electronic device EA-A2 may be optically transparent. The second information includes a numerical value indicating the vehicle's AM speed, and may further include information such as the current time. In one or more embodiments, the second information of the second electronic device EA-A2 may be projected and displayed on the windshield GL. The display surface of the second electronic device EA-A2 may face the driver's seat. Furthermore, the second electronic device EA-A2 may provide an image in the direction of the windshield GL.

[0466] The third electronic device EA-A3 can be located in a third area adjacent to the gearshift GR. For example, the third electronic device EA-A3 can be a vehicle information guidance display (center information display (CID)) located between the driver's seat and the passenger seat and capable of displaying third information. The passenger seat can be a seat spaced apart from the driver's seat, with the gearshift GR located between the passenger seat and the driver's seat. The third information may include information about road conditions (e.g., navigation information), music or radio playback, video playback, and / or the temperature inside the vehicle's AM system.

[0467] The fourth electronic device EA-A4 can be arranged in a fourth area, separate from the steering wheel HA and gearshift GR, and adjacent to one side of the vehicle AM. For example, the fourth electronic device EA-A4 can be a digital side mirror displaying fourth information. The fourth electronic device EA-A4 can display an image of the exterior of the vehicle AM ​​taken by a camera module CM arranged on the exterior of the vehicle AM. The fourth information may include the image of the exterior of the vehicle AM.

[0468] The first to fourth information described above are examples, and the first to fourth electronic devices EA-A1, EA-A2, EA-A3, and EA-A4 can further display information about the interior and exterior of the vehicle AM. The first to fourth information may include information that is different from each other. However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto, and some of the first to fourth information may include the same information.

[0469] Figures 17 to 19 The embodiments of the electronic device are presented or include embodiments of the electronic device, and without departing from the concept and teachings of this disclosure, a display module comprising a light-emitting element of a fused polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments may be used in other electronic devices.

[0470] Hereinafter, fused polycyclic compounds according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure and light-emitting elements according to one or more embodiments will be specifically described with reference to examples and comparative examples. Furthermore, the examples shown are illustrative to aid in understanding the present disclosure, and the scope of the disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0471] Example

[0472] 1. Synthesis of the fused polycyclic compound according to the embodiments

[0473] The synthesis methods of fused polycyclic compounds according to one or more embodiments will be explained in more detail by illustrating the synthesis methods of compounds A-3, B-8, C-16, D-6, E-4, and E-8 of Examples. Furthermore, the synthesis methods of fused polycyclic compounds explained below are examples, and the synthesis methods of fused polycyclic compounds according to one or more embodiments of this disclosure are not limited to the examples described below.

[0474] (1) Synthesis of compound A-3 in Example

[0475] Synthesis of A-3-6

[0476]

[0477] Under an argon (Ar) atmosphere, A-3-8 (700 mmol), A-3-9 (700 mmol), tBuONa (1050 mmol), Pd(dba)2 (35 mmol), and XantPhos (70 mmol) were added to a three-necked flask, followed by the addition of 1000 mL of toluene. The mixture was stirred at approximately 80°C for about 8 hours. Water was added, and the organic layer was extracted with toluene and dried over magnesium sulfate, with the solvent removed by distillation. The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane / toluene mixed solvent) to obtain 630 mmol of A-3-10 (90% yield). The mass number of A-3-10, measured by fast atom impact mass spectrometry (FAB-MS), was 327.

[0478] Next, under an argon (Ar) atmosphere, A-3-10 (630 mmol), A-3-11 (315 mmol), tBuONa (882 mmol), Pd(dba)2 (32 mmol), and XantPhos (64 mmol) were added to a three-necked flask, followed by the addition of 1200 mL of toluene. The mixture was stirred at approximately 80°C for about 8 hours. Water was added, the organic layer was extracted with toluene and dried over magnesium sulfate, and the solvent was removed by distillation. The crude product obtained was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane / toluene mixed solvent) to obtain 255 mmol of A-3-6 (81% yield). The mass number of A-3-6, as measured by FAB-MS, was 807.

[0479] Example: Synthesis of Compound A-3

[0480]

[0481] Under an argon (Ar) atmosphere, A-3-1 (200 mmol), A-3-2 (410 mmol), tBuONa (600 mmol), Pd(dba)2 (10 mmol), and [(tBu)3PH]BF4 (20 mmol) were added to a three-necked flask, followed by the addition of 1,000 mL of toluene. The mixture was stirred at approximately 90°C for about 5 hours. Water was added, and the organic layer was extracted with toluene and dried over magnesium sulfate, with the solvent removed by distillation. The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane / toluene mixed solvent) to obtain 162 mmol of A-3-3 (81% yield). The mass number of A-3-3, as measured by FAB-MS, was 620.

[0482] Next, under an argon (Ar) atmosphere, A-3-3 (162 mmol), A-3-4 (810 mmol), K₂CO₃ (972 mmol), and CuI (178 mmol) were added to a three-necked flask and stirred at approximately 210°C for about 72 hours. Water was added, the organic layer was extracted with toluene and dried over magnesium sulfate, and the solvent was removed by distillation. The crude product obtained was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane / toluene mixture) and recrystallization (ethanol / toluene mixture) to obtain 89 mmol of A-3-5 (55% yield). The mass number of A-3-5, as measured by FAB-MS, was 773.

[0483] Next, under an argon (Ar) atmosphere, A-3-5 (89 mmol), A-3-6 (255 mmol), K₂CO₃ (534 mmol), and CuI (98 mmol) were added to a three-necked flask and stirred at approximately 210°C for about 72 hours. Water was added, the organic layer was extracted with toluene and dried over magnesium sulfate, and the solvent was removed by distillation. The crude product obtained was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane / toluene mixture) and recrystallization (ethanol / toluene mixture) to obtain 37 mmol of A-3-7 (yield 42%). The mass number of A-3-7, as measured by FAB-MS, was 1500.

[0484] Next, under an argon (Ar) atmosphere, A-3-7 (37 mmol) was added to a three-necked flask, followed by the addition and dissolution of 37 mL of o-dichlorobenzene (ODCB), then the addition of BI3 (148 mmol), and the mixture was stirred at approximately 140°C for approximately 3 hours. After dispersing and washing the reaction solution with a large amount of acetonitrile, the solid was filtered and recovered. The crude product thus obtained was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane / toluene mixed solvent) and recrystallization (ethanol / toluene mixed solvent) to obtain 11 mmol of example compound A-3 (yield 29%). The mass number of example compound A-3, as measured by FAB-MS, was 1515.

[0485] (2) Synthesis of compound B-8 in Example

[0486] Synthesis of B-8-5

[0487]

[0488] Under an argon (Ar) atmosphere, B-8-7 (300 mmol), B-8-8 (300 mmol), and K₂CO₃ (600 mmol) were added to a three-necked flask, followed by the addition of 200 mL of NMP. The mixture was stirred at approximately 150°C for about 24 hours. Water was added, and the organic layer was extracted with toluene and dried over magnesium sulfate, with the solvent removed by distillation. The crude product obtained was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane / toluene mixed solvent) to obtain 237 mmol of B-8-9 (79% yield). The mass number of B-8-9, as measured by FAB-MS, was 457.

[0489] Next, under an argon (Ar) atmosphere, B-8-9 (237 mmol), A-3-10 (237 mmol), tBuONa (356 mmol), Pd(dba)2 (12 mmol), and XantPhos (24 mmol) were added to a three-necked flask, followed by the addition of 800 mL of toluene. The mixture was stirred at approximately 80°C for about 8 hours. Water was added, and the organic layer was extracted with toluene and dried over magnesium sulfate, with the solvent removed by distillation. The crude product obtained was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane / toluene mixed solvent) to obtain 210 mmol of B-8-5 (89% yield). The mass number of B-8-5, as measured by FAB-MS, was 656.

[0490] Example: Synthesis of Compound B-8

[0491]

[0492]

[0493] Under an argon (Ar) atmosphere, A-3-1 (200 mmol), B-8-1 (410 mmol), tBuONa (600 mmol), Pd(dba)2 (10 mmol), and [(tBu)3PH]BF4 (20 mmol) were added to a three-necked flask, followed by the addition of 1,000 mL of toluene. The mixture was stirred at approximately 90°C for about 5 hours. Water was added, and the organic layer was extracted with toluene and dried over magnesium sulfate, with the solvent removed by distillation. The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane / toluene mixture) and recrystallization (ethanol / toluene mixture) to obtain 166 mmol of B-8-2 (83% yield). The mass number of B-8-2, as measured by FAB-MS, was 773.

[0494] Next, under an argon (Ar) atmosphere, B-8-2 (166 mmol), B-8-3 (830 mmol), K₂CO₃ (996 mmol), and CuI (183 mmol) were added to a three-necked flask and stirred at approximately 210°C for about 72 hours. Water was added, the organic layer was extracted with toluene and dried over magnesium sulfate, and the solvent was removed by distillation. The crude product obtained was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane / toluene mixture) and recrystallization (ethanol / toluene mixture) to obtain 81 mmol of B-8-4 (49% yield). The mass number of B-8-4, as measured by FAB-MS, was 955.

[0495] Next, under an argon (Ar) atmosphere, B-8-4 (81 mmol), B-8-5 (210 mmol), K₂CO₃ (486 mmol), and CuI (89 mmol) were added to a three-necked flask and stirred at approximately 210°C for about 72 hours. Water was added, the organic layer was extracted with toluene and dried over magnesium sulfate, and the solvent was removed by distillation. The crude product obtained was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane / toluene mixture) and recrystallization (ethanol / toluene mixture) to obtain 32 mmol of B-8-6 (40% yield). The mass number of B-8-6, as measured by FAB-MS, was 1531.

[0496] Next, under an argon (Ar) atmosphere, B-8-6 (32 mmol) was added to a three-necked flask, dissolved in 32 mL of ODCB, followed by the addition of BI3 (128 mmol), and the mixture was stirred at approximately 140°C for about 3 hours. The reaction solution was dispersed and washed with a large amount of acetonitrile, and the solid was recovered by filtration. The crude product thus obtained was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane / toluene mixed solvent) and recrystallization (ethanol / toluene mixed solvent) to obtain 10 mmol of the example compound B-8 (yield 33%). The mass number of the example compound B-8, as measured by FAB-MS, was 1546.

[0497] (3) Synthesis of compound C-16 in Example

[0498] Synthesis of C-16-2

[0499]

[0500] Under an argon (Ar) atmosphere, C-16-4 (300 mmol), C-16-5 (630 mmol), and Cs₂CO₃ (900 mmol) were added to a three-necked flask, followed by the addition of 500 mL of NMP. The mixture was stirred at approximately 165°C for about 3 hours. Water was added, and the organic layer was extracted with toluene and dried over magnesium sulfate, with the solvent removed by distillation. The crude product obtained was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane / toluene mixed solvent) to obtain 270 mmol of C-16-2 (90% yield). The mass number of C-16-2, measured by FAB-MS, was 453.

[0501] Example: Synthesis of compound C-16

[0502]

[0503] Under an argon (Ar) atmosphere, B-8-2 (111 mmol), A-3-4 (555 mmol), K₂CO₃ (666 mmol), and CuI (122 mmol) were added to a three-necked flask and stirred at approximately 210°C for about 72 hours. Water was added, the organic layer was extracted with toluene and dried over magnesium sulfate, and the solvent was removed by distillation. The crude product obtained was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane / toluene mixed solvent) to obtain 50 mmol of C-16-1 (yield 45%). The mass number of C-16-1, as measured by FAB-MS, was 925.

[0504] Next, under an argon (Ar) atmosphere, C-16-1 (50 mmol), C-16-2 (270 mmol), K₂CO₃ (300 mmol), and CuI (55 mmol) were added to a three-necked flask and stirred at approximately 210°C for about 72 hours. Water was added, the organic layer was extracted with toluene and dried over magnesium sulfate, and the solvent was removed by distillation. The crude product obtained was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane / toluene mixed solvent) to obtain 30 mmol of C-16-3 (yield 59%). The mass number of C-16-3, measured by FAB-MS, was 1297.

[0505] Next, under an argon (Ar) atmosphere, C-16-3 (30 mmol) was added to a three-necked flask, dissolved in 30 mL of ODCB, followed by the addition of BI3 (120 mmol), and the mixture was stirred at approximately 140°C for about 3 hours. The reaction solution was dispersed and washed with a large amount of acetonitrile, and the solid was recovered by filtration. The crude product thus obtained was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane / toluene mixed solvent) and recrystallization (ethanol / toluene mixed solvent) to obtain 17 mmol of the example compound C-16 (55% yield). The mass number of example compound C-16, as measured by FAB-MS, was 1313.

[0506] (4) Synthesis of compound D-6 in Example

[0507]

[0508] Under an argon (Ar) atmosphere, C-16-2 (270 mmol), KOH (810 mmol), Pd(dba)2 (2 mmol), and tBuXPhos (8 mmol) were added to a three-necked flask, followed by the addition of 60 mL of dioxane and 60 mL of H2O. The mixture was then stirred at approximately 100°C for about 6 hours. 10% hydrochloric acid was added, and the organic layer was extracted with toluene and dried over magnesium sulfate, with the solvent removed by distillation. The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane / toluene mixed solvent) to obtain 137 mmol of D-6-1 (51% yield). The mass number of D-6-1, measured by FAB-MS, was 390.

[0509] Next, under an argon (Ar) atmosphere, D-6-1 (137 mmol), D-6-2 (137 mmol), and Cs₂CO₃ (411 mmol) were added to a three-necked flask, followed by the addition of 400 mL of NMP and stirring at approximately 165°C for about 5 hours. Water was added, the organic layer was extracted with toluene and dried over magnesium sulfate, and the solvent was removed by distillation. The crude product obtained was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane / toluene mixed solvent) to obtain 112 mmol of D-6-3 (yield 82%). The mass number of D-6-3, as measured by FAB-MS, was 601.

[0510] Next, under an argon (Ar) atmosphere, D-6-3 (112 mmol), A-3-8 (123 mmol), tBuONa (168 mmol), Pd(dba)2 (6 mmol), and [(tBu)3PH]BF4 (12 mmol) were added to a three-necked flask, followed by the addition of 1000 mL of toluene. The mixture was stirred at approximately 90°C for about 6 hours. Water was added, and the organic layer was extracted with toluene and dried over magnesium sulfate, with the solvent removed by distillation. The crude product obtained was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane / toluene mixed solvent) to obtain 99 mmol of D-6-4 (89% yield). The mass number of D-6-4, as measured by FAB-MS, was 689.

[0511] Next, under an argon (Ar) atmosphere, D-6-4 (99 mmol), A-3-4 (109 mmol), tBuONa (149 mmol), Pd(dba)2 (5 mmol), and [(tBu)3PH]BF4 (10 mmol) were added to a three-necked flask, followed by the addition of 1000 mL of toluene. The mixture was stirred at approximately 90°C for about 6 hours. Water was added, and the organic layer was extracted with toluene and dried over magnesium sulfate, with the solvent removed by distillation. The crude product obtained was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane / toluene mixed solvent) to obtain 85 mmol of D-6-5 (86% yield). The mass number of D-6-5, as measured by FAB-MS, was 842.

[0512] Next, under an argon (Ar) atmosphere, D-6-5 (85 mmol) was added to a three-necked flask, dissolved in 85 mL of ODCB, followed by the addition of BI3 (340 mmol), and the mixture was stirred at approximately 140°C for approximately 12 hours. The reaction solution was dispersed and washed with a large amount of acetonitrile, and the solid was recovered by filtration. The crude product thus obtained was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane / toluene mixed solvent) and recrystallization (ethanol / toluene mixed solvent) to obtain 7 mmol of the example compound D-6 (9% yield). The mass number of example compound D-6, as measured by FAB-MS, was 857.

[0513] (5) Synthesis of compound E-4 in Example

[0514]

[0515] Under an argon (Ar) atmosphere, D-6-2 (300 mmol), E-4-1 (300 mmol), and K₂CO₃ (600 mmol) were added to a three-necked flask, followed by the addition of 200 mL of NMP. The mixture was then stirred at approximately 150°C for about 8 hours. Water was added, and the organic layer was extracted with toluene and dried over magnesium sulfate, with the solvent removed by distillation. The crude product obtained was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane / toluene mixed solvent) to obtain 249 mmol of E-4-2 (83% yield). The mass number of E-4-2, measured by FAB-MS, was 381.

[0516] Next, under an argon (Ar) atmosphere, E-4-2 (249 mmol), KOH (747 mmol), Pd(dba)2 (2 mmol), and tBuXPhos (8 mmol) were added to a three-necked flask, followed by the addition of 60 mL of dioxane and 60 mL of H2O. The mixture was stirred at approximately 100°C for about 6 hours. 10% hydrochloric acid was added, and the organic layer was extracted with toluene, dried over magnesium sulfate, and the solvent was removed by distillation. The crude product obtained was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane / toluene mixed solvent) to obtain 100 mmol of E-4-3 (40% yield). The mass number of E-4-3, measured by FAB-MS, was 318.

[0517] Next, under an argon (Ar) atmosphere, E-4-3 (100 mmol), B-8-5 (300 mmol), K₂CO₃ (600 mmol), CuI (110 mmol), and 13 mL of ODCB were added to a three-necked flask and stirred at approximately 170°C for about 8 hours. Water was added, the organic layer was extracted with toluene and dried over magnesium sulfate, and the solvent was removed by distillation. The crude product obtained was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane / toluene mixed solvent) to obtain 41 mmol of E-4-4 (yield 41%). The mass number of E-4-4, measured by FAB-MS, was 894.

[0518] Next, under an argon (Ar) atmosphere, E-4-4 (41 mmol) was added to a three-necked flask, dissolved in 41 mL of ODCB, followed by the addition of BI3 (164 mmol), and the mixture was stirred at approximately 140°C for about 3 hours. After dispersing and washing the reaction solution with a large amount of acetonitrile, the solid was filtered and recovered. The crude product thus obtained was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane / toluene mixed solvent) and recrystallization (ethanol / toluene mixed solvent) to obtain 5 mmol of the example compound E-4 (yield 12%). The mass number of the example compound E-4, as measured by FAB-MS, was 909.

[0519] (6) Synthesis of compound E-8 in Example

[0520]

[0521] Under an argon (Ar) atmosphere, E-8-1 (300 mmol), E-8-2 (300 mmol), and K₂CO₃ (600 mmol) were added to a three-necked flask, followed by the addition of 200 mL of NMP. The mixture was then stirred at approximately 150°C for about 10 hours. Water was added, and the organic layer was extracted with toluene and dried over magnesium sulfate, with the solvent removed by distillation. The crude product obtained was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane / toluene mixed solvent) to obtain 255 mmol of E-8-3 (85% yield). The mass number of E-8-3, as measured by FAB-MS, was 404.

[0522] Next, under an argon (Ar) atmosphere, E-8-3 (255 mmol), E-8-4 (255 mmol), Pd(PPh3)4 (13 mmol), and K2CO3 (280 mmol) were added to a three-necked flask, followed by the addition of 500 mL of toluene, 125 mL of EtOH, and 250 mL of H2O. The mixture was stirred at approximately 80°C for about 6 hours. Water was added, and the organic layer was extracted with toluene and dried over magnesium sulfate, with the solvent removed by distillation. The crude product obtained was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane / toluene mixed solvent) to obtain 102 mmol of E-8-5 (yield 40%). The mass number of E-8-5, measured by FAB-MS, was 401.

[0523] Next, under an argon (Ar) atmosphere, E-8-5 (102 mmol), KOH (306 mmol), Pd(dba)2 (1 mmol), and tBuXPhos (4 mmol) were added to a three-necked flask, followed by the addition of 30 mL of dioxane and 30 mL of H2O. The mixture was stirred at approximately 100°C for about 6 hours. 10% hydrochloric acid was added, and the organic layer was extracted with toluene and dried over magnesium sulfate, with the solvent removed by distillation. The crude product obtained was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane / toluene mixed solvent) to obtain 45 mmol of E-8-6 (44% yield). The mass number of E-8-6, measured by FAB-MS, was 338.

[0524] Next, under an argon (Ar) atmosphere, E-8-6 (45 mmol), B-8-5 (135 mmol), K₂CO₃ (270 mmol), CuI (50 mmol), and 6 mL of ODCB were added to a three-necked flask and stirred at approximately 170°C for about 12 hours. Water was added, the organic layer was extracted with toluene and dried over magnesium sulfate, and the solvent was removed by distillation. The crude product obtained was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane / toluene mixed solvent) to obtain 27 mmol of E-8-8 (61% yield). The mass number of E-8-8, as measured by FAB-MS, was 914.

[0525] Next, under an argon (Ar) atmosphere, E-8-8 (27 mmol) was added to a three-necked flask, dissolved in 27 mL of ODCB, followed by the addition of BI3 (108 mmol), and the mixture was stirred at approximately 140°C for about 3 hours. After dispersing and washing the reaction solution with a large amount of acetonitrile, the solid was filtered and recovered. The crude product thus obtained was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane / toluene mixed solvent) and recrystallization (ethanol / toluene mixed solvent) to obtain 1 mmol of the example compound E-8 (yield 4%). The mass number of the example compound E-8, as measured by FAB-MS, was 929.

[0526] 2. Evaluation of compounds

[0527] Table 1 shows the evaluation results of the example compounds and comparative compounds. Example compounds A-3, B-8, C-16, D-6, E-4, and E-8, which are fused polycyclic compounds of the embodiments, were evaluated as example compounds. Comparative compounds X1 to X8 were evaluated as comparative compounds.

[0528] Examples of compounds

[0529]

[0530] Comparison of compounds

[0531]

[0532] (1) Evaluation of luminescence properties

[0533] Table 1 shows the evaluation results of the luminescence properties. Films obtained using PPF as a matrix and doped with approximately 20 wt% of each of the example and comparative compounds were deposited on quartz glass using a JASCO V-670 spectrometer. The maximum emission wavelength (λ) of the obtained films was determined by fluorescence emission spectroscopy. max (nm) Additionally, the fluorescence quantum yield was measured using a JASCOILF-835 integrating sphere system.

[0534]

[0535] Table 1

[0536]

[0537] Referring to Table 1, the example compounds and comparative compounds are shown to have a λ of about 450 nm or larger and about 470 nm or smaller. maxFurthermore, it is shown that, compared with comparative compounds X-1 to X-8, compounds A-3, B-8, C-16, D-6, E-4, and E-8 of the examples have high fluorescence quantum yields.

[0538] Compounds A-3, B-8, C-16, D-6, E-4, and E-8 of the examples are fused polycyclic compounds according to one or more embodiments, and include a first substituent and a second substituent bonded to a fused heterocycle (i.e., a central structure) containing nine six-membered rings with two boron atoms and four heteroatoms other than boron atoms as cyclic atoms. In the example compounds, the first substituent (R in Formula 1) a1 and R a2 The second substituent is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, and the second substituent (R in Formula 1) is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms. b1 To R b4 The aryl group is substituted or unsubstituted and has 6 to 30 carbon atoms. Therefore, fused polycyclic compounds comprising one or more embodiments of a first substituent and a second substituent bonded to a fused heterocycle with nine six-membered rings exhibit superior or adequate fluorescent quantum yields.

[0539] Comparative compounds X-1 to X-8 comprise fused heterocycles of nine six-membered rings, but the first and second substituents differ from those of the fused polycyclic compounds according to one or more embodiments. Comparative compounds X-1 and X-2 include hydrogen atoms as both the first and second substituents. Comparative compound X-3 has a structure comprising a fused heterocycle of 13 six-membered rings containing three boron atoms and six heteroatoms other than boron atoms as cyclic atoms. Comparative compound X-4 has an aryl group as the first substituent and a hydrogen atom as the second substituent. Comparative compound X-5 has a structure in which both the first and second substituents are alkyl groups and form a ring. Comparative compound X-6 has an alkyl group as the first substituent but a hydrogen atom as the second substituent. Comparative compound X-7 has an aryl group as the second substituent but a hydrogen atom as the first substituent. Comparative compound X-8 has an aryl group as both the first and second substituents. Therefore, compared with the example compounds which include a first substituent of an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms (unsubstituted or unsubstituted) or a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms (substituted or unsubstituted) and a second substituent of an aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms (substituted or unsubstituted), the comparative compounds exhibit lower fluorescence quantum yields.

[0540] (2) Analysis of full width at half maximum (FWHM) and Stokes displacement

[0541] Table 2 shows the analytical results for the full width at half maximum (FWHM) and Stokes shift. Molecular orbitals were calculated using Gaussian methods, and the FWHM and Stokes shift were measured from these orbitals. In this case, the nonpolar solvent used in the Gaussian calculations was toluene (tol), and the polar solvent was 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF).

[0542] Table 2

[0543]

[0544] Referring to Table 2, it is confirmed that compounds A-3, C-16, and E-4 of the Examples have narrower full width at half maximum (WHM) and narrower Stokes shifts than comparative compounds X-4 and X-8. More specifically, compounds A-3, C-16, and E-4 of the Examples exhibit similar WHMs to or narrower than those of comparative compounds X-4 and X-8 in toluene (tol), and also exhibit significantly narrower WHMs and Stokes shifts than those of comparative compounds X-4 and X-8 in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF).

[0545] Comparative compound X-4 has an aryl group as the first substituent and a hydrogen atom as the second substituent, while comparative compound X-8 has both an aryl group as the first and second substituent. Therefore, the LUMO orbital is extended, the first substituent protrudes outward, and the redox active site may not be protected, leading to lower molecular stability of the compound. Consequently, comparative compounds X-4 and X-8 have wider full width at half maximum (FWHM) and Stokes shifts than compounds A-3, C-16, and E-4 of Examples.

[0546] 3. Manufacturing and evaluation of light-emitting elements

[0547] (1) Manufacturing of light-emitting elements

[0548] The following method was used to manufacture light-emitting elements comprising the fused polycyclic compounds (i.e., the example compounds) or comparative compounds of the embodiments in the emitter layer. Example compounds A-3, B-8, C-16, D-6, E-4, and E-8 were used as emitter layer dopant materials to manufacture light-emitting elements of Examples 1 to 6. Comparative compounds X-1 to X-8 were used as emitter layer dopant materials to manufacture light-emitting elements of Comparative Examples 1 to 8.

[0549] An ITO layer with a thickness of approximately 1,500 Å was patterned on a glass substrate to form the first electrode, and then cleaned with ultrapure water and UV ozone for approximately 10 minutes. Next, a hole injection layer with a thickness of approximately 100 Å was formed using HAT-CN, and a hole transport layer with a thickness of approximately 100 Å was formed using α-NPD.

[0550] Next, an electron blocking layer with a thickness of approximately 50 Å is formed using mCBP, and an emission layer is formed by providing the example compound or comparative compound and mCBP at a weight ratio of approximately 1:99. The emission layer is formed to a thickness of approximately 200 Å. An electron transport layer with a thickness of approximately 300 Å is formed using TPBi, and an electron injection layer with a thickness of approximately 5 Å is formed using LiF. Next, a second electrode with a thickness of approximately 1000 Å is formed using aluminum (Al). The hole injection layer, hole transport layer, electron blocking layer, emission layer, electron transport layer, electron injection layer, and second electrode are formed using a vacuum deposition apparatus.

[0551] The compounds used in the manufacture of light-emitting elements are as follows:

[0552] .

[0553] (2) Evaluation of light-emitting elements

[0554] Table 3 shows the evaluation results of the light-emitting elements of the embodiments and comparative examples. Table 3 shows the maximum emission wavelength (λ) of the light-emitting elements of the embodiments and comparative examples. max (nm) and maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) max (%) and relative component lifetime (LT) 50 (%). The driving voltage and current density of the light-emitting element were measured using a source meter (Keithley Instrument Co., 2400 series), and the luminance and maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) were measured using an external quantum efficiency measurement device C9920-12 from Hamamatsu Photonics Co. max (%). Component lifespan (LT) 50This is obtained by measuring the expected or required time for the initial brightness to decrease from 100% to 50%, and is relative to the component lifetime (LT). 50 (%) is a relative value expressed by setting the device lifetime of Comparative Example 1 to 100%. Furthermore, the maximum emission wavelength (λ) was confirmed from the fluorescence emission spectrum of the light-emitting element. max (nm)).

[0555] Table 3

[0556]

[0557] Referring to Table 3, the light-emitting element of the embodiment emits light with a maximum emission wavelength close to approximately 460 nm and exhibits a color purity close to pure blue. Furthermore, compared to the light-emitting element of the comparative example, the light-emitting element of the embodiment exhibits increased device lifetime and higher maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE). max (%). Therefore, it can be confirmed that, compared with the light-emitting element of the comparative example, the light-emitting element of the embodiment exhibits a longer element life and higher luminous efficiency.

[0558] The comparative compounds used in Comparative Examples 1 to 8 contain fused rings, but the first and second substituents are different from those in the fused polycyclic compounds of the Examples. Accordingly, compared with the Examples, Comparative Examples 1 to 8 show a reduction in both device lifetime and luminous efficiency.

[0559] Comparative compound X-1 of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative compound X-2 of Comparative Example 2 have hydrogen atoms as both the first and second substituents. The presence of hydrogen atoms as both the first and second substituents in Comparative compounds X-1 and X-2 may not protect the redox active sites of the molecule, resulting in lower molecular stability and failing to ensure narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) and narrow Stokes shift. Consequently, it was confirmed that both luminous efficiency and device lifetime characteristics deteriorated.

[0560] Comparative compound X-3 of Comparative Example 3 comprises a fused heterocycle of 13 six-membered rings containing 3 boron atoms and 6 heteroatoms other than boron atoms as cyclic atoms, and exhibits a CT (charge transfer) type (class) in which the distribution of HOMO and LUMO orbitals is separated. Structures similar to Comparative Compound X-3, even (e.g., when) have electron-donating substituents, show partial overlap between HOMO and LUMO orbitals, and the ΔEST (singlet-triplet bandgap) increases, resulting in low luminescence efficiency.

[0561] Comparative compound X-4 of Comparative Example 4 has an aryl group as the first substituent and a hydrogen atom as the second substituent. With the aryl group as the first substituent, the LUMO orbital can be extended, the redox active site of the molecule can protrude outward, and the molecular stability can be reduced. Furthermore, because the second substituent is a hydrogen atom, a narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) and narrow Stokes shift characteristics are not guaranteed.

[0562] Comparative compound X-5 of Comparative Example 5 has a structure in which both the first and second substituents are alkyl and form a ring. In comparative compound X-5, the first substituent is alkyl and the second substituent is alkyl, rather than aryl, resulting in an increased full width at half maximum (FWHM) and Stokes shift, thereby reducing luminescence efficiency.

[0563] Comparative compound X-6 of Comparative Example 6 has an alkyl group as the first substituent, but a hydrogen atom as the second substituent. In comparative compound X-6, the first substituent is an alkyl group, but the second substituent is a hydrogen atom instead of an aryl group, making it difficult to ensure narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) and narrow Stokes shift characteristics.

[0564] Comparative compound X-7 of Comparative Example 7 has an aryl group as a second substituent, but has a hydrogen atom as a first substituent, and does not protect the redox active sites of the molecule, and the compound has low molecular stability and deteriorated device lifetime characteristics.

[0565] Comparative compound X-8 of Comparative Example 8 has an aryl group as both the first and second substituents. While Comparative compound X-8 has an aryl group as the second substituent, the LUMO orbital is extended due to the aryl group being the first substituent, and the redox active sites of the molecule can protrude outwards, resulting in reduced molecular stability. Accordingly, it was confirmed that the device lifetime and luminous efficiency were reduced compared to the examples.

[0566] The fused polycyclic compounds of the embodiments include a fused heterocyclic structure with nine six-membered rings containing two boron atoms and four heteroatoms other than boron atoms as cyclic atoms as the central structure. Furthermore, by including substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups with 1 to 20 carbon atoms or substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl groups with 3 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms as the first substituent and substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms as the second substituent, narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) and narrow Stokes shift characteristics can be exhibited, achieving high luminous efficiency and excellent or suitable material stability (i.e., molecular stability) by suppressing LUMO orbital expansion. Accordingly, the fused polycyclic compounds according to one or more embodiments can exhibit improved device lifetime characteristics and excellent or suitable luminous efficiency characteristics. Additionally, the light-emitting elements of one or more embodiments including the fused polycyclic compounds of the embodiments in the emitting layer can exhibit excellent or suitable luminous efficiency characteristics and long device lifetime characteristics in the blue emission range.

[0567] Due to the long lifespan of light-emitting elements, electronic devices including those comprising fused polycyclic compounds according to one or more embodiments can exhibit excellent or adequate reliability characteristics. Furthermore, electronic devices including light-emitting elements comprising fused polycyclic compounds according to embodiments, which have improved luminous efficiency, can exhibit improved brightness characteristics and display quality.

[0568] By including the fused polycyclic compound of the embodiment in the emitting layer, the light-emitting element according to one or more embodiments can exhibit high luminous efficiency and long element lifetime characteristics.

[0569] Fused polycyclic compounds according to one or more embodiments can contribute to increasing the luminous efficiency and lifetime of light-emitting elements.

[0570] Electronic devices according to one or more embodiments may exhibit superior or adequate display quality and improved reliability characteristics.

[0571] For example, the comparative analysis above shows that the specific substituent configuration of the fused polycyclic compounds—namely, including substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups of 1 to 20 carbon atoms or substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl groups of 3 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms as first substituents and substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups of 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms as second substituents—plays a key role in achieving high luminous efficiency, narrow spectral characteristics, and extended operating lifetime. These structural features help suppress LUMO orbital expansion and stabilize redox active sites, which in turn enhance the photophysical properties of the fused polycyclic compounds. When incorporated into the emitter layer along with a suitable host material (e.g., a second compound represented by formula HT-1 and / or a third compound represented by formula ET-1) and optionally a sensitizer (e.g., a fourth compound represented by formula D-1), the compounds ensure efficient energy transfer and delayed fluorescence emission, particularly in the blue wavelength range. Therefore, the disclosed fused polycyclic compounds and device structures provide a synergistic effect with the improved performance metrics observed in the supporting embodiments and are suitable for incorporation into high-reliability electronic devices requiring advanced display quality.

[0572] When describing embodiments of this disclosure, the word "may" is used to mean "one or more embodiments of this disclosure".

[0573] As used herein, the terms “substantially,” “about,” or similar terms are used as terms of approximation and not as terms of degree, and are intended to account for inherent biases in measured or calculated values ​​that would be recognized by a person skilled in the art. “About,” as used herein, includes stated values ​​and means within an acceptable range of deviations from a particular value determined by a person skilled in the art, taking into account the measurement in question and the errors associated with the measurement of that particular quantity (i.e., limitations of the measurement system). For example, “about” may mean within one or more standard deviations of a stated value, or within ±30%, ±20%, ±10%, or ±5% of the stated value. Furthermore, it should be understood that even if the terms “about,” “approximation,” or “substantially” are not explicitly stated in a given element (e.g., a claim element), the scope of such an element is intended to include non-substantial variations or variations as understood by a person skilled in the art. For example, the numerical values ​​and ranges provided herein are intended to include tolerances and measurement uncertainties that would be recognized by a person skilled in the art, and elements (e.g., claim elements) should be interpreted accordingly to encompass such equivalents.

[0574] In the context of this application and unless otherwise defined, the terms “use,” “using,” and “used” may be considered synonymous with the terms “utilize,” “utilizing,” and “utilized,” respectively.

[0575] Any numerical range set forth herein is intended to include all subranges with the same numerical precision contained within the set forth range. For example, the range “1.0 to 10.0” is intended to include all subranges between the set forth minimum value of 1.0 and the set forth maximum value of 10.0 (and inclusive of both), that is, all subranges having a minimum value equal to or greater than 1.0 and a maximum value equal to or less than 10.0, such as 2.4 to 7.6. Any maximum numerical limit set forth herein is intended to include all lower numerical limits contained therein, and any minimum numerical limit set forth herein is intended to include all higher numerical limits contained therein. Accordingly, the applicant reserves the right to amend this specification (including the claims) to expressly set forth any subranges contained within the range expressly set forth herein.

[0576] The light-emitting elements, display devices / apparatus, electronic devices / apparatus, their manufacturing equipment, or any other related devices / apparatus or components described herein according to embodiments of this disclosure can be implemented using any suitable hardware, firmware (e.g., application-specific integrated circuits), software, or a combination of software, firmware, and hardware. For example, the various components of the device may be formed on an integrated circuit (IC) chip or on a separate IC chip. Further, the various components of the device may be implemented on a flexible printed circuit film, a tape-on-a-package (TCP), or a printed circuit board (PCB), or formed on a substrate. Further, the various components of the device may be processes or threads running on one or more processors in one or more computing devices, executing computer program instructions, and interacting with other system components for performing the various functions described herein. The computer program instructions are stored in memory, which may be implemented in a computing device using a standard memory device (e.g., random access memory (RAM)). The computer program instructions may also be stored in other non-transitory computer-readable media (e.g., optical disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) or flash memory drives). Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, without departing from the scope of the embodiments of this disclosure, the functions of various computing devices may be combined or integrated into a single computing device, or the functions of a particular computing device may be distributed across one or more other computing devices.

[0577] In this disclosure, suitable features of various embodiments of this disclosure may be combined in part or in whole, or combined with each other, and may be technically interlocked and operated in various suitable ways, and the embodiments may be implemented independently of each other or in combination with each other in any suitable way, unless otherwise stated or implied.

[0578] The present disclosure has been described above with reference to one or more embodiments thereof; however, those skilled in the art or of ordinary skill in the art will understand that one or more appropriate modifications and alterations may be made to the present disclosure, provided that such modifications and alterations do not depart from the spirit and technical scope of the present disclosure as set forth in the claims.

[0579] Therefore, the technical scope of this disclosure is not limited to the content described in the detailed description of this disclosure, but should be determined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A fused polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1: Formula 1 ， in, In Equation 1, X a To X d Each is independently O, S, or NR. X , R X It can be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or represented by formula x. R a1 and R a2 Each is independently a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group with 3 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. R 1 To R 10 and R b1 To R b4 Each of the following is independently composed of a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted oxygen atom with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl atom with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl atom with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl atom with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. R b1 To R b4 At least one of them is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms: Formula x ,and In equation x, R 11 To R 15 Each of the following groups is independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group with 3 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or combines with adjacent groups to form a ring. In formula x, " " " refers to the position connected to N.

2. The fused polycyclic compound according to claim 1, wherein the fused polycyclic compound represented by formula 1 is represented by any one of formulas 1-1 to 1-5: Formula 1-1 Formula 1-2 Formula 1-3 Formula 1-4 Formula 1-5 ， In equations 1-1 to 1-5, R 11a To R 15a R 11b To R 15b R 11c To R 15c and R 11d To R 15d Each of the following groups is independently composed of a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group with 3 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or combined with adjacent groups to form a ring. X a To X d R 1 To R 10 R a1 R a2 and R b1 To R b4 Same as that defined in Equation 1.

3. The fused polycyclic compound according to claim 1, wherein, In Equation 1, R b1 To R b4 At least one of them is represented by equation b: Formula b ， In equation b, R 16 To R 20 Each of the following groups is independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted thio group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or combines with adjacent groups to form a ring. In formula b, " "Refers to the position where it connects with Equation 1.

4. The fused polycyclic compound according to claim 1, wherein, In Equation 1, R a1 and R a2 Each of the following is independently substituted or unsubstituted methyl, substituted or unsubstituted ethyl, substituted or unsubstituted propyl, substituted or unsubstituted isopropyl, substituted or unsubstituted isobutyl, substituted or unsubstituted tert-butyl, substituted or unsubstituted cyclopropyl, substituted or unsubstituted cyclobutyl, substituted or unsubstituted cyclopentyl, substituted or unsubstituted cyclohexyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloheptyl, substituted or unsubstituted dicyclopentyl, substituted or unsubstituted norbornyl, or substituted or unsubstituted adamantyl.

5. The fused polycyclic compound according to claim 1, wherein, In Equation 1, R 8 It is an alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted, or an aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted.

6. The fused polycyclic compound according to claim 1, wherein at least one hydrogen atom of the fused polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1 is replaced by a deuterium atom.

7. The fused polycyclic compound according to claim 1, wherein the fused polycyclic compound represented by formula 1 is represented by any one of the compounds selected from group 1: Compound group 1 ， In compound group 1, D is a deuterium atom and OMe is a methoxy group.

8. A light-emitting element, comprising: First electrode; The second electrode on the first electrode; as well as An emission layer of a first compound is included between the first electrode and the second electrode. The first compound is a fused polycyclic compound according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. The light-emitting element according to claim 8, wherein the emitting layer further comprises at least one of a second compound represented by formula HT-1 and a third compound represented by formula ET-1: HT-1 ， In formula HT-1, M1 through M8 are each independently N or CR a11 , L q1 It is a directly linked, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. Y a For direct connection, CR a12 R a13 or SiR a14 R a15 , Ar a It is an aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted, or a heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and R a11 To R a15 Each of the following groups is independently composed of a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted thio group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted boryl group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group of 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group of 6 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group of 2 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or combined with adjacent groups to form a ring; ET-1 ,and In Equation ET-1, Selected from Z a To Z c At least one of them is N, and the rest are CR. a16 , R a16 It consists of a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms. b11 to b13 are each an independent integer selected from 0 to 10. Ar b To Ar d Each of the following is independently composed of a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. L q2 To L q4 Each is independently an arylene group consisting of 6 to 30 directly linked, substituted or unsubstituted cyclic carbon atoms, or a heteroarylene group consisting of 2 to 30 substituted or unsubstituted cyclic carbon atoms.

10. The light-emitting element according to claim 9, wherein the emitting layer further comprises a fourth compound represented by formula D-1: Formula D-1 ， In equation D-1, Q1 to Q4 are each independently C or N. C1 to C4 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon cyclic group with 5 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. L 11 To L 13 Each is independently a direct connection, , , , substituted or unsubstituted alkylene groups of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylene groups of 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene groups of 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. In L 11 To L 13 middle," "Refers to the connection part with C1 to C4," b21 to b23 are each independently 0 or 1. R 61 To R 64 R b5 and R b6 Each of the following groups is independently composed of a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted thio group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted boryl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group with 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or bonded to adjacent groups to form a ring. d1 to d4 are each an independent integer selected from 0 to 4.

11. The light-emitting element according to claim 8, wherein the emitting layer emits delayed fluorescence.

12. The light-emitting element according to claim 8, wherein the emitting layer emits blue light.

13. The light-emitting element according to claim 8, wherein at least one hydrogen atom of the first compound is replaced by a deuterium atom.

14. An electronic device, the electronic device comprising a display module, the display module containing a plurality of light-emitting elements, At least one of the plurality of light-emitting elements is a light-emitting element according to any one of claims 8 to 13.

15. The electronic device according to claim 14, The electronic device includes multiple display devices, each independently configured to display an image, and At least one of the plurality of display devices includes the display module.

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