A fuel additive composition for gasoline vehicle efficiency and oil saving and its preparation method and application

Abstract

The application provides a fuel additive composition for gasoline vehicle efficiency and oil saving, and a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of fuel additives.The fuel additive composition comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-100 parts of base oil, 10-15 parts of polyether amine, 5-8 parts of N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidone, 3-5 parts of polyglycerol fatty acid ester, 1-4 parts of N-oleoyl sarcosine and 2-4 parts of polyalkyl methacrylate.The fuel additive composition of the application captures carbon deposition precursors in the fuel body phase through N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidone, inhibits catalytic oxidation on the metal surface through N-oleoyl sarcosine, removes existing carbon deposition through polyether amine, and forms a surface chemical adsorption layer through polyglycerol fatty acid ester and polyether amine, so that the existing carbon deposition is effectively removed and the generated carbon deposition is effectively prevented.The fuel additive composition of the application has low-temperature stability and excellent cleaning capacity, and has good oil saving effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fuel additive technology, and in particular to a fuel additive composition for improving fuel efficiency and saving fuel in gasoline vehicles, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] During gasoline engine operation, olefins and aromatics in the fuel undergo oxidation and polymerization reactions at high temperatures, generating gum and carbon deposits, which gradually accumulate on the surfaces of intake valves, fuel injectors, and combustion chambers. Carbon deposits lead to abnormal compression ratios, poor fuel atomization, and incomplete combustion, resulting in decreased power, increased fuel consumption, and worsened exhaust emissions. Currently, the mainstream technology for commercially available fuel additives uses polyetheramine (PEA) as the core cleaning component. PEA achieves swelling-stripping-dispersion of carbon deposits through hydrogen bonding and acid-base interactions between the terminal amine groups and the polar oxygen-containing functional groups in the carbon deposits, supplemented by the van der Waals forces of the polyether backbone penetrating the non-polar carbon skeleton. However, existing PEA products have the following drawbacks: 1. A passive, reactive cleaning approach. Current technology focuses on removing already formed carbon deposits, neglecting the fact that intermediates such as aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids produced by fuel oxidation are the core precursors of carbon deposits. These intermediates condense on metal surfaces to form carbon deposits. 2. It's impossible to simultaneously achieve low-temperature stability and cleaning ability. The polypropylene glycol backbone and terminal amine groups in PEA molecules are both polar structures, tending to self-aggregate at low temperatures (below -10°C). To improve low-temperature dispersibility, a common practice is to introduce polar co-solvents containing a large number of hydroxyl groups (such as fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether). However, the strong hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl groups and the terminal amine groups of PEA occupy the active sites of the amine groups, reducing cleaning efficiency. 2. The Fe2O3 / Fe3O4 oxide layer on the cylinder wall and intake valve surface can catalyze the oxidative polymerization of unsaturated hydrocarbons. The trace amounts of Cu released by copper alloy fuel injectors... 2+ Ion catalytic oxidation of fuels leads to the formation of carbon deposits.

[0003] In summary, there is a need to develop a fuel additive composition that can effectively remove existing carbon deposits and prevent their formation, while exhibiting low-temperature stability and excellent cleaning capabilities. This composition would be of practical significance for improving fuel efficiency and saving fuel in gasoline vehicles. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention proposes a fuel additive composition for improving fuel efficiency and saving fuel in gasoline vehicles, its preparation method, and its application, thereby solving the above-mentioned problems. The technical solution of the present invention is implemented as follows: A fuel additive composition for improving fuel efficiency and saving fuel in gasoline vehicles comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: base oil 80 100 parts, 10-15 parts of polyetheramine, 5-8 parts of N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidone, 3-5 parts of polyglycerol fatty acid ester, 1-4 parts of N-oleoylsarcosine, and 2-4 parts of polyalkyl methacrylate.

[0005] Polyetheramine (PEA), with a molecular weight of 2000-3000, achieves penetration-swelling-stripping of existing carbon deposits by interacting with the non-polar carbon skeleton of carbon deposits through van der Waals forces via its polypropylene glycol backbone and with the polar oxygen-containing groups of carbon deposits through hydrogen bonds and acid-base interactions via its terminal amine groups.

[0006] N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidone, whose amide group can form intermolecular complexes with the carbonyl / carboxyl groups of carbon deposit precursors (aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids) through dipole-dipole interactions and weak hydrogen bonds, increases the effective solubility of the precursors in non-polar fuels, allowing more precursors to enter the combustion chamber with the fuel and participate in combustion, rather than depositing and condensing on the metal surface. Its long-chain alkyl (C6-C5) 14 It provides the necessary oil solubility, allowing it to exist in a molecularly dispersed state in the fuel, and to be completely burned in the combustion chamber into CO2, H2O, and trace amounts of NO. x N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidone does not contain a hydroxyl group and does not form strong hydrogen bonds with the PEA amino group, thus not blocking the amino group active site. Polyglycerol fatty acid esters, acting as both dispersants and adsorption layers on metal surfaces, have a dispersing effect on PEA due to the polyhydroxy glycerol head groups. The fatty acid ester chains provide oil solubility, and the ester groups and residual hydroxyl groups form a chemisorption layer on the metal surface, which complements the coordination adsorption layer of N-oleoylsarcosine. Together, they block the contact between carbon deposit precursors and metal active sites, and the combustion products are only CO2 and H2O, with no ash.

[0007] N-Oleoylsarcosine combines corrosion inhibition and metal surface passivation. N-Oleoylsarcosine forms ionic bonds with the metal surface through its carboxyl group and provides auxiliary coordination through its amide carbonyl group, forming a multidentate chemisorption layer on the Fe / Cu surface. This physically blocks O2 molecules from contacting the metal active sites, inhibits the catalytic fuel oxidation reaction on the metal surface, reduces the rate of carbon deposit precursor formation, and provides corrosion protection for copper alloys.

[0008] Polyalkyl methacrylate improves low-temperature flowability; long-chain alkyl ester side chains (C8-C50) 18 It co-crystallizes with n-alkanes in fuel oil, regulates the morphology and size of wax crystals, and improves low-temperature fluidity.

[0009] Furthermore, the N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidone is N-dodecyl-2-pyrrolidone or N-octyl-2-pyrrolidone.

[0010] N-Dodecyl-2-pyrrolidone, CAS RN 2687-96-9, Molecular formula C 16 H 31 NO, molecular weight 253.4 g / mol.

[0011] N-Octylated-2-pyrrolidone, CAS RN 2687-94-7, Molecular formula C 12 H23 NO, molecular weight 197.3 g / mol.

[0012] Furthermore, the polyglycerol fatty acid ester is composed of polyglycerol with a degree of polymerization of 3-10 and C. 12 -C 18 It is prepared by fatty acid esterification, with an esterification degree of 30-70% and an HLB value of 6-12; Furthermore, the polyglycerol fatty acid ester is selected from at least one of polyglycerol-6 monooleate, polyglycerol-10 monostearate, or polyglycerol-4 monolaurate.

[0013] Furthermore, the alkyl methacrylate has a number average molecular weight of 5000-30000 and the alkyl side chain has C8-C6 carbon atoms. 18 .

[0014] Furthermore, the base oil is a deeply hydrogenated mineral oil or a synthetic polyalphaolefin.

[0015] Furthermore, the polyetheramine has a number-average molecular weight of 1800-3000 and an amine value of 35-60 mg KOH / g.

[0016] A method for preparing a fuel additive composition for enhancing fuel efficiency and saving fuel in gasoline vehicles, comprising the following specific preparation steps: S1. Mix 25wt%-40wt% of base oil and polyglycerol fatty acid ester to obtain premix A; S2. Add N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidone to premix A and stir, then add polyetheramine and continue stirring to obtain premix B; S3. Mix 15wt%-25wt% of the base oil and polyalkyl methacrylate, cool to room temperature, and add to premix B to obtain premix C; S4. Mix N-oleoylsarcosine with the remaining base oil and add it to premixed liquid C to obtain a fuel additive composition.

[0017] Furthermore, in step S2, the stirring speed is 300-500 rpm and the stirring time is 40-60 min.

[0018] The application of a fuel additive composition for improving fuel efficiency and saving fuel in gasoline vehicles, wherein the volume ratio of the fuel additive composition to gasoline is 1:1000-2000.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The fuel additive composition of the present invention captures carbon deposit precursors in the fuel bulk phase through N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidone, inhibits catalytic oxidation on the metal surface through N-oleoylsarcosine, removes existing carbon deposits through polyetheramine, and forms a surface chemical adsorption layer in synergy with polyglycerol fatty acid esters and polyetheramine, thereby effectively removing existing carbon deposits and effectively preventing the formation of carbon deposits. The fuel additive composition of the present invention has both low-temperature stability and excellent cleaning ability, and has a good fuel-saving effect.

[0020] 2. The amide group of the 2N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidone of the present invention interacts with the precursor through weak dipole-dipole forces (not strong hydrogen bonds), without blocking the active sites of the amino groups in the polyetheramine. Simultaneously, its long-chain alkyl group ensures uniform dispersion of the system in the fuel. The 2N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidone captures carbon deposit precursors (aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids) in the fuel bulk phase and carries them to the combustion chamber for complete combustion, reducing the formation of new carbon deposits. This keeps the intake valve and fuel injector clean and ensures long-term stable fuel atomization.

[0021] 3. The N-oleoylsarcosine of the present invention simultaneously provides copper corrosion inhibition and iron surface catalytic passivation, inhibiting the fuel oxidation reaction catalyzed on the metal surface, and reducing the formation rate of carbon deposit precursors from the source. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To better understand the technical content of this invention, specific embodiments are provided below to further illustrate the invention.

[0023] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the embodiments of this invention are all conventional methods.

[0024] Unless otherwise specified, all materials and reagents used in the embodiments of this invention are commercially available.

[0025] The polyetheramine of the present invention has a number average molecular weight of 1800-3000 and an amine value of 35-60 mg KOH / g. The polyetheramine used in the examples has a number average molecular weight of 2000 and an amine value of 55 mg KOH / g.

[0026] The polyglycerol fatty acid esters of the present invention are selected from at least one of polyglycerol-6 monooleate, polyglycerol-10 monostearate, or polyglycerol-4 monolaurate, with a degree of esterification of 30-70% and an HLB value of 6-12. The polyglycerol-6 monooleate used in the examples has a degree of esterification of 45%-55% and an HLB value of 9-10.

[0027] The N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidone of the present invention is N-dodecyl-2-pyrrolidone or N-octyl-2-pyrrolidone, and the N-dodecyl-2-pyrrolidone used in the examples is N-dodecyl-2-pyrrolidone.

[0028] The alkyl methacrylates of this invention have a number average molecular weight of 5000-30000 and an alkyl side chain carbon number of C8-C9. 18 In the examples, polydodecyl methacrylate was used, with a number average molecular weight of 15,000-20,000.

[0029] Example 1 A fuel additive composition for improving fuel efficiency and saving fuel in gasoline vehicles comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 90 parts of synthetic polyalphaolefin, 13 parts of polyetheramine, 7 parts of N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidone, 4 parts of polyglycerol fatty acid ester, 2 parts of N-oleoylsarcosine, and 3 parts of polyalkyl methacrylate.

[0030] The preparation method of the above fuel additive composition includes the following specific steps: S1. Mix 30 wt% of the synthetic polyα-olefin and polyglycerol fatty acid ester to obtain premix A; S2. Add N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidone to premix A and stir at 400 rpm for 50 min. Add polyetheramine and continue stirring at 400 rpm for 50 min to obtain premix B. S3. Mix 20 wt% of the synthetic polyα-olefin and polyalkyl methacrylate, cool to room temperature, and add to premix B to obtain premix C; S4. Mix N-oleoylsarcosine with the balance of synthesized polyα-olefin, and add to premixed solution C to obtain a fuel additive composition.

[0031] Example 2 A fuel additive composition for improving fuel efficiency and saving fuel in gasoline vehicles comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts of synthetic polyalphaolefin, 10 parts of polyetheramine, 5 parts of N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidone, 3 parts of polyglycerol fatty acid ester, 1 part of N-oleoylsarcosine, and 2 parts of polyalkyl methacrylate.

[0032] The preparation method is as described in Example 1.

[0033] Example 3 A fuel additive composition for improving fuel efficiency and saving fuel in gasoline vehicles comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of synthetic polyalphaolefin, 15 parts of polyetheramine, 8 parts of N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidone, 5 parts of polyglycerol fatty acid ester, 4 parts of N-oleoylsarcosine, and 4 parts of polyalkyl methacrylate.

[0034] The preparation method is as described in Example 1.

[0035] Comparative Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidone is missing, and the amount of synthesized polyα-olefin is adjusted to 97 parts; otherwise, it is the same as Example 1.

[0036] Comparative Example 2 The difference from Example 1 is that the polyglycerol fatty acid ester was replaced with polyisobutylene succinimide (purchased from Wuhan Jiyesheng Chemical Co., Ltd.), otherwise it is the same as Example 1.

[0037] Comparative Example 3 The difference from Example 1 is that N-oleoylsarcosine is replaced with benzotriazole, otherwise it is the same as Example 1.

[0038] Comparative Example 4 The difference from Example 1 is that the preparation steps are different, but everything else is the same as Example 1.

[0039] The preparation method of the fuel additive composition in this comparative example includes the following specific steps: Polyetheramine, N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidone, polyglycerol fatty acid ester, N-oleoylsarcosine and polyalkyl methacrylate are added to synthesize polyalphaolefin and mixed to obtain a fuel additive composition.

[0040] Test Example 1 The fuel additive compositions prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4 were added to 92-octane base gasoline at a ratio of 1:1000 and tested, with 92-octane base gasoline as a blank example.

[0041] Among them, a 1.8T displacement gasoline car was used as the test vehicle. 92-octane base gasoline, No. 2 base gasoline with the fuel additive composition of Examples 1-3, and No. 2 base gasoline with the fuel additive composition prepared in Comparative Examples 1-4 were added respectively. The test vehicle was driven for 100km under the same road conditions and then tested according to the NEDC cycle. The fuel saving rate was calculated based on the comparison of different fuel consumption results. A bench test was conducted on a brand-new National V gasoline engine. 92-octane base gasoline, No. 2 base gasoline with the fuel additive composition of Examples 1-3, and No. 2 base gasoline with the fuel additive composition prepared in Comparative Examples 1-4 were added respectively. After the engine was run normally for 1000 hours under the predetermined durability cycle conditions, it was disassembled, the carbon deposits in the engine combustion chamber were completely cleaned, and the weight was measured (M) to calculate the amount of carbon deposits. Under idling conditions, the exhaust emissions of the aforementioned fuel vehicles were tested in accordance with GB18285-2018 "Limits and Measurement Methods for Pollutant Emissions from Gasoline Vehicles (Dual Idle Speed ​​Method and Simplified Operating Condition Method)".

[0042] The results are shown in Table 1.

[0043] Table 1

[0044] As can be seen from Table 1, the fuel additive compositions prepared in Examples 1-3 of the present invention can reduce carbon deposits, reduce fuel consumption, and reduce exhaust emissions.

[0045] Test Example 2 The fuel additive compositions prepared in Examples 1-3 were added to 92-octane base gasoline at a ratio of 1:1000. An engine fuel system deposit cleaning simulation test was conducted. The fuel system deposit removal rate was calculated according to GB / T 37322-2019 "Gasoline Cleanliness Evaluation - Gasoline Engine Intake Valve Deposits Simulation Test Method". The calculation formula is as follows: δ(%)=(m1-m2) / m1×100% δ represents the removal rate of fuel system deposits, m1 represents the weight of fuel system deposits, and m2 represents the weight of the test plate after cleaning.

[0046] Evaluation criteria: δ < 20%, cleaning ability is unqualified; 20% ≤ δ < 40%, cleaning ability is poor; 40% ≤ δ < 60%, cleaning ability is average; 60% ≤ δ < 80%, cleaning ability is good; δ ≥ 80%, cleaning ability is excellent. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0047] Table 2

[0048] As can be seen from Table 2, the fuel additive compositions prepared in Examples 1-3 of the present invention have good cleaning ability.

[0049] Test Example 3 The fuel additive compositions prepared in Examples 1-3 were placed in transparent plastic bottles and kept at 0°C for 24 hours. Then, the compositions were removed and their state was observed. When the test result is a clear liquid, the fuel additive composition exhibits good low-temperature stability; When the test results show turbidity, precipitation, or solidification, the fuel additive composition exhibits poor low-temperature stability.

[0050] The results are shown in Table 3.

[0051] Table 3

[0052] As can be seen from Table 3, the fuel additive compositions prepared in Examples 1-3 of the present invention have good low-temperature stability.

[0053] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fuel additive composition for enhancing fuel efficiency and saving fuel in gasoline vehicles, characterized in that, Raw materials including the following parts by weight: base oil 80 100 parts, 10-15 parts of polyetheramine, 5-8 parts of N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidone, 3-5 parts of polyglycerol fatty acid ester, 1-4 parts of N-oleoylsarcosine, and 2-4 parts of polyalkyl methacrylate.

2. The fuel additive composition for improving fuel efficiency and saving fuel in gasoline vehicles as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidone is N-dodecyl-2-pyrrolidone or N-octyl-2-pyrrolidone.

3. The fuel additive composition for improving fuel efficiency and saving fuel in gasoline vehicles as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The polyglycerol fatty acid ester is composed of polyglycerol with a degree of polymerization of 3-10 and C. 12 -C 18 It is prepared by fatty acid esterification, with a degree of esterification of 30-70% and an HLB value of 6-12.

4. The fuel additive composition for improving fuel efficiency and saving fuel in gasoline vehicles according to claim 3, characterized in that, The polyglycerol fatty acid ester is selected from at least one of polyglycerol-6 monooleate, polyglycerol-10 monostearate, or polyglycerol-4 monolaurate.

5. The fuel additive composition for improving fuel efficiency and saving fuel in gasoline vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The alkyl methacrylate has a number average molecular weight of 5000-30000 and the alkyl side chain has C8-C6 carbon atoms. 18 .

6. The fuel additive composition for improving fuel efficiency and saving fuel in gasoline vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base oil is a deeply hydrogenated mineral oil or a synthetic polyalphaolefin.

7. The fuel additive composition for improving fuel efficiency and saving fuel in gasoline vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The polyetheramine has a number-average molecular weight of 1800-3000 and an amine value of 35-60 mg KOH / g.

8. A method for preparing a fuel additive composition for enhancing fuel efficiency and saving fuel in gasoline vehicles according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The specific preparation steps include: S1. Mix 25wt%-40wt% of base oil and polyglycerol fatty acid ester to obtain premix A; S2. Add N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidone to premix A and stir, then add polyetheramine and continue stirring to obtain premix B; S3. Mix 15wt%-25wt% of the base oil and polyalkyl methacrylate, cool to room temperature, and add to premix B to obtain premix C; S4. Mix N-oleoylsarcosine with the remaining base oil and add it to premixed liquid C to obtain a fuel additive composition.

9. The method for preparing a fuel additive composition for enhancing fuel efficiency and saving fuel in gasoline vehicles as described in claim 8, characterized in that, In step S2, the stirring speed is 300-500 rpm and the time is 40-60 min.

10. The application of the fuel additive composition for improving fuel efficiency and saving fuel in gasoline vehicles according to any one of claims 1-7 in gasoline fuel, characterized in that, The volume ratio of the fuel additive composition to gasoline is 1:1000-2000.

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