A high current density bipolar pressure filter electrolyzer and method

Abstract

The application discloses a high-current-density bipolar pressure filtration type electrolytic tank and method, and relates to the field of electrolytic tank technology.The electrolytic tank comprises a pair of oppositely arranged end plates, the end plates are provided with mutually independent electrolyte flow channels, hydrogen flow channels and oxygen flow channels, and the outer sides of the end plates are provided with connection terminals;anode plates and cathode plates are attached to the inner sides of the end plates, a plurality of groups of structural rings are axially stacked and clamped between the anode plates and the cathode plates, and the end faces of adjacent structural rings are attached to each other;sealing rings are arranged on the butt joint end faces of adjacent components, the through holes of the sealing rings are in alignment with and communicate with the flow channels;membrane electrode assemblies are embedded in the structural rings, and pre-electrodes, anodes, inorganic membranes and cathodes are stacked in the assemblies; bipolar plates are arranged between adjacent structural rings, and the two sides of the bipolar plates are attached to the membrane electrodes in polarity; and fasteners penetrate the two end plates in the axial direction to compress all the stacked assemblies.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of water electrolysis hydrogen production equipment, specifically relating to a high current density bipolar pressure filter electrolyzer and method. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the mainstream equipment for alkaline water electrolysis hydrogen production is the bipolar pressure filter electrolyzer. Traditional models have low current density and high energy consumption, making them unsuitable for the fluctuating power supply conditions of wind and solar power generation. Traditional electrode plates are mostly made of carbon steel or low-nickel alloys, which have poor alkali corrosion resistance and are prone to rust and decreased conductivity during long-term operation. The accompanying organic diaphragm has weak permeability and heat resistance, making it prone to hydrogen-oxygen cross-contamination and posing significant safety risks. Traditional membrane electrode substrates have simple forms, insufficient catalytic activity, and low electrolysis efficiency. The equipment lacks a precise positioning and assembly structure, making the flow channel prone to misalignment during stacking, resulting in poor sealing of the sealing rings and a high risk of gas-liquid leakage. Ordinary structural rings generally have low strength and alkali resistance, leading to poor structural stability after the entire unit is compressed. Furthermore, traditional electrolyzers have a narrow load adjustment range and slow load change rate, making them difficult to match scenarios with large power fluctuations in new energy sources, hindering the integration of new energy and the promotion of low-cost, large-scale hydrogen production. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high current density bipolar pressure filter electrolyzer and method to solve the technical defects of traditional bipolar pressure filter electrolyzers, such as low current density, high energy consumption, poor electrode corrosion resistance, easy cross-contamination of organic diaphragms, and low catalytic efficiency of membrane electrodes.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solution: In a first aspect, this application provides a high current density bipolar pressure filter electrolyzer, comprising: End plates are arranged in pairs facing each other, and each end plate is processed with an independent electrolyte flow channel, hydrogen flow channel and oxygen flow channel; The wiring terminal is fixedly mounted on the outside of the end plate; The anode plate and cathode plate are respectively attached to and abut against the inner surfaces of the end plates on both sides to form a sealed fit. Multiple sets of structural rings are configured and arranged sequentially along the axial direction. Each set of structural rings is clamped between the anode plate and the cathode plate, and the end faces of adjacent structural rings are in contact with each other. A sealing ring or sealing gasket is placed between the mating end faces of adjacent components, and a through hole is formed on it. The through hole is aligned and connected to each flow channel. A membrane electrode assembly is adapted to be embedded inside the structural ring, and a pre-electrode, an anode, an inorganic membrane, and a cathode are sequentially stacked inside the membrane electrode assembly. The bipolar plate is assembled between the opposite end faces of two adjacent sets of structural rings, with its two sides respectively polarly aligned and tightly fitted with the corresponding membrane electrode assembly; Fasteners, penetrating both ends of the end plates, press and fix all stacked components axially and achieve end face sealing.

[0005] In one optional embodiment, an inorganic composite membrane is embedded inside the membrane electrode assembly, and the inorganic composite membrane is bonded and assembled with adjacent anodes and cathodes.

[0006] In one optional embodiment, the anode plate, cathode plate, and bipolar plate are all formed from pure nickel or high-alloy nickel substrate, and the surfaces of each plate are fitted together.

[0007] In one optional embodiment, the pre-electrode body is a nickel-based mesh structure with a multi-element noble metal catalytic layer attached to its surface; The end face of the pre-electrode is in contact with the anode and cathode and forms a conductive connection.

[0008] In one optional embodiment, the structural ring is provided with a positioning pin hole; The end plate, sealing ring, and structural ring are assembled and positioned with each other through positioning pin holes, so that the electrolyte flow channel, hydrogen flow channel, and oxygen flow channel are kept coaxially aligned and connected.

[0009] In one optional embodiment, the structural ring is an integrally molded part made of engineering resin and fiber composite material; The two end faces of the structural ring are tightly sealed to the adjacent sealing ring and bipolar plate, and multiple sets of structural rings are assembled together.

[0010] In one alternative embodiment, the sealing ring is a wide, corrosion-resistant seal. The through holes on the sealing ring are divided into electrolyte through holes, hydrogen through holes and oxygen through holes. The electrolyte through hole is connected to the electrolyte flow channel of the end plate and the structural ring; The hydrogen through hole is connected to the hydrogen flow channels of the end plate and the structural ring. The oxygen through hole is connected to the oxygen flow channel of the end plate and the structural ring.

[0011] In one optional embodiment, electrolyte grooves are machined on both sides of the bipolar plate; The bipolar plate has an oxygen outlet at its upper part facing the anode side, and the oxygen outlet is connected to the oxygen through hole of the adjacent sealing ring. The bipolar plate has a hydrogen outlet on its upper part facing the cathode side, and the hydrogen outlet is connected to the hydrogen through hole of the adjacent sealing ring.

[0012] In one optional embodiment, the anode plate is provided with an oxygen flow channel, which is connected to the oxygen through hole of the adjacent sealing ring. A hydrogen flow channel is provided on the upper part of the cathode plate, and the hydrogen flow channel is connected to the hydrogen through hole of the adjacent sealing ring.

[0013] A second aspect of this application provides a high current density bipolar pressure filter electrolysis method, wherein the method employs a high current density bipolar pressure filter electrolyzer as described above, and includes: Step 1: Use the positioning pin holes of the structural ring to achieve circumferential coaxial alignment and splicing of the end plate, sealing ring, and each set of structural rings; fasteners pass through both end plates and apply axial preload to press and seal the anode plate, cathode plate, multiple sets of structural rings, bipolar plate, and sealing ring as a whole, and the membrane electrode assembly is stably embedded and fixed in the inner cavity of each set of structural rings. Step 2: The electrolyte is transported to the electrolyte trenches on both sides of the bipolar plate through the electrolyte flow channels of the end plate, the electrolyte through holes of the sealing ring, and the structural annular flow channels; the hydrogen and oxygen passages are independently separated and there is no cross-flow of media. Step 3: The external power supply current is connected to the anode plate and cathode plate through the terminal blocks fixed on the outside of the end plate, and the electrical energy is conducted to the membrane electrode assembly layer by layer; the multi-element noble metal catalyst layer on the surface of the nickel-based mesh pre-electrode catalyzes the electrolytic decomposition of the electrolyte, oxygen is generated in the anode area and hydrogen is generated in the cathode area; Step 4: The oxygen generated on the anode side flows out from the oxygen outlet at the top of the bipolar plate anode side, is introduced into the oxygen flow channel of the anode plate through the oxygen through hole of the sealing ring, and then discharged outwards; the hydrogen generated on the cathode side flows out from the hydrogen outlet at the top of the bipolar plate cathode side, is introduced into the hydrogen flow channel of the cathode plate through the hydrogen through hole of the sealing ring, and then discharged outwards. Step 5: The entire set of pressurized and sealed electrolytic cell units maintains a stable load of 10% to 110% across the entire range, with the load adjustment rate controlled at 5% to 8% / s. Wide corrosion-resistant sealing rings continuously isolate the gas and liquid media in each layer. Pure nickel / high alloy nickel electrode plates are combined with inorganic composite membranes to support the equipment in corrosion-resistant, low-loss, and long-term continuous electrolysis under high current density conditions.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The electrolyzer adopts a layered pressure filter stacked overall sealed structure with three independent flow channels arranged in zones. All components are axially compressed by fasteners, resulting in strong overall assembly integrity. The membrane electrode is integrated and embedded inside the structural ring, and the bipolar plate and the membrane electrode are precisely polarized. The whole machine is compactly assembled, and the overall structure supports high current density electrolysis conditions. Gas and liquid flow are separated without interference. The sealing performance and assembly stability of the basic structure are greatly improved, providing overall architectural support for low-energy consumption and safe hydrogen production.

[0015] 2. The membrane electrode has an internal inorganic composite membrane that is tightly bonded to the anode and cathode. Compared with traditional organic membranes, it has stronger high temperature resistance and anti-permeation performance, which can effectively prevent hydrogen and oxygen from mixing and reduce the risk of explosion. The inorganic membrane has excellent chemical stability, is resistant to strong alkaline electrolyte corrosion, and its size is not easily deformed or decayed under long-term high current conditions, which can continuously maintain the gas-liquid separation effect and extend the overall service life of the membrane electrode.

[0016] 3. The anode plate, cathode plate, and bipolar plate are made of pure nickel or high alloy nickel substrate, which has a much better resistance to corrosion by strong alkaline electrolyte than carbon steel and low nickel alloy plates. The plates have stable conductivity, are not easy to rust during long-term operation, and the conductivity impedance will not increase significantly. They are suitable for continuous electrolysis with high current and high current density, reduce conductivity loss, stabilize cell voltage, and achieve long-term low-energy stable hydrogen production operation.

[0017] 4. The nickel-based mesh pre-electrode is loaded with a multi-element noble metal catalytic layer. The mesh structure has a large electrolyte penetration contact surface and high noble metal catalytic activity, which can significantly reduce the activation energy of the electrolysis reaction and improve the hydrolysis reaction rate. The pre-electrode and the anode and cathode are reliably conductively bonded, and the current conduction is uniform without local current deviation. Combined with the high current density operating conditions, the electrolyte is efficiently catalyzed and decomposed, further reducing the overall electrolysis energy consumption.

[0018] 5. The structural ring is equipped with positioning pin holes to achieve coaxial positioning and assembly of the end plate, sealing ring and structural ring, which can eliminate the problem of flow channel misalignment during the stacking process; the three fluid channels are precisely aligned and connected, and the electrolyte, hydrogen and oxygen are delivered smoothly without blockage, resulting in high assembly consistency and small batch assembly error, reducing leakage and uneven gas production caused by flow channel misalignment from the assembly source.

[0019] 6. The structural ring is integrally molded from engineering resin fiber composite material, which has high mechanical strength and rigidity and is not easily deformed or cracked under axial compression. The composite material is resistant to strong alkali corrosion and is suitable for long-term electrolysis conditions. The two end faces are tightly fitted and sealed with the sealing ring and bipolar plate. After multiple sets are stacked, the overall structure is stable, supporting the stable clamping of the multilayer film electrode and ensuring that the long-term stacked seal does not deform.

[0020] 7. The wide-type corrosion-resistant sealing ring has strong alkali resistance and aging resistance, and higher sealing pressure resistance; the sealing ring is divided into three types of independent through holes, which are precisely connected to the corresponding flow channels to achieve complete physical isolation of electrolyte, hydrogen and oxygen; it eliminates the risk of gas-liquid cross-leakage and gas mixing, and the layered sealing protection is reliable. Combined with the overall compression structure, it greatly reduces the probability of tank leakage and improves the safety of equipment operation.

[0021] 8. The bipolar plate is equipped with electrolyte grooves on both sides to increase the contact and flow area of ​​the electrolyte and ensure uniform electrolyte distribution. The anode and cathode sides are equipped with independent gas outlets and are connected to the corresponding through holes of the sealing ring. The oxygen gas at the anode and the hydrogen gas at the cathode are discharged in a separate and directional manner, and the generated gases do not mix. The grooves improve the heat exchange and mass transfer efficiency, are suitable for high current density electrolysis, and the generated gas is discharged smoothly without accumulation, reducing the risk of internal gas pressure fluctuations.

[0022] 9. The dedicated oxygen channel for the anode plate and the dedicated hydrogen channel for the cathode plate are respectively connected to the corresponding through holes of the sealing ring to form a complete and independent gas production and exhaust channel. The gases of the anode and cathode are separated and isolated throughout the process. The channel guidance is stable, the gas exhaust resistance is small, and the electrolysis generated gas can be quickly and timely discharged. The gas pressure in the tank is stable. Combined with the overall sealing structure, the major safety hazard of hydrogen-oxygen mixing is completely avoided. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a high current density bipolar pressure filter electrolyzer provided by the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A three-dimensional exploded view of the electrolytic cell shown. Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a structural ring in a high current density bipolar pressure filter electrolyzer provided by the present invention; Figure 4 for Figure 3 A sectional view; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the anode side of the bipolar plate in a high current density bipolar pressure filter electrolyzer provided by the present invention; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the cathode side of the bipolar plate in a high current density bipolar pressure filter electrolyzer provided by the present invention; Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a sealing ring in a high current density bipolar pressure filter electrolyzer provided by the present invention; Figure 8 A schematic diagram showing the interior details and fluid flow direction of a single electrolysis chamber in a high current density bipolar pressure filter electrolyzer provided by the present invention; In the diagram: 1. End plate; 2. Structural ring one; 2a. First positioning pin hole; 21. Alkali solution channel hole; 22. Hydrogen gas channel hole; 23. Oxygen gas channel hole; 3. Structural ring two; 4. Pre-motor one; 5. Anode; 6. Inorganic membrane; 7. Cathode; 8. Pre-motor two; 9. Sealing ring; 9a. Hydrogen channel of sealing ring; 9b. Oxygen channel of sealing ring; 9c. Alkali solution channel of sealing ring; 9d. Second positioning pin hole; 10. Structural ring three; 11. Cathode plate; 12. Bipolar plate; 12a. Anode side of bipolar plate; 12b. Oxygen outlet; 12c. Cathode side of bipolar plate; 12d. Hydrogen outlet; 13. Anode plate; 14. Fastener; 15. Anode terminal; 16. Cathode terminal. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0026] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0027] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0028] To address the technical deficiencies mentioned in the background section, this embodiment provides a high current density bipolar pressure filter electrolyzer and method.

[0029] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings: like Figures 1-8As shown, in a first aspect of the present invention, a high current density bipolar pressure filter electrolyzer is provided, including end plates 1 arranged in pairs facing each other. Each end plate 1 has an independent electrolyte flow channel, a hydrogen flow channel, and an oxygen flow channel. A terminal block is fixedly mounted on the outside of the end plates 1. An anode plate 13 and a cathode plate 11 are respectively fitted and abutted against the inner surfaces of the two end plates 1, forming a sealed mating ring structure. Multiple sets of these rings are arranged sequentially along the axial direction, with each set sandwiched between the anode plate 13 and the cathode plate 11, and the end faces of adjacent rings touching each other. The components include: a sealing ring 9, a sealing gasket placed between the mating end faces of adjacent components, with a through hole that aligns and connects with each flow channel; a membrane electrode assembly, fitted and embedded inside the structural ring, with a pre-electrode, anode 5, inorganic membrane 6, and cathode 7 stacked sequentially inside; a bipolar plate 12, assembled between the opposite end faces of two adjacent sets of structural rings, with its two sides respectively polarity-aligned and tightly fitted with the corresponding membrane electrode assembly; and a fastener 14, penetrating both end plates 1, pressing and fixing all stacked components axially to achieve end face sealing.

[0030] In this embodiment, the end plates 1 are arranged horizontally in pairs facing each other. The two end plates 1 have the same external dimensions and fluid flow channel layout. Each end plate 1 has three independent fluid channels that are not connected to each other, namely the electrolyte flow channel, the hydrogen flow channel, and the oxygen flow channel. The three flow channels have openings on the end face of the end plate 1, and the opening positions are coaxial with the sealing ring 9 and the fluid hole position of the structural ring.

[0031] Anode terminals 15 and cathode terminals 16 are fixedly mounted on the outer side of end plate 1. Anode terminals 15 are connected to anode plate 13 on one side of end plate 1, and cathode terminals 16 are connected to cathode plate 11 on the other side of end plate 1. The terminals are fixed by bolt locking, and conductive gaskets are added to the contact surfaces to ensure uniform current conduction without gaps. End plate 1 has high rigidity and pressure resistance, and can withstand the axial clamping force of fasteners 14 without warping or deformation. The flatness of the end face is controlled at the micron level to ensure an initial seal without gaps after it is fitted with anode plate 13 and cathode plate 11.

[0032] The arrangement of the three flow channel openings on the end face of end plate 1, and the center distance of the openings are completely matched with the center distance of the holes in structural ring 12 and sealing ring 9, ensuring the basic conditions for coaxial assembly from the source.

[0033] In this embodiment, the inner end face of the end plate 1 is respectively attached to the anode plate 13 and the cathode plate 11. The contact surface is flat and without protrusions or burrs. After being pressed, it forms the first end face sealing mating surface. The thickness of the end plate 1 is more than one-tenth of the total thickness of the internal structural rings. The pressure-bearing deformation coefficient is much lower than that of the internal stacked components. Under the long-term pressing condition of the whole machine, the deformation of the end plate 1 is negligible and will not cause misalignment or displacement of the internal stacked components. The end plate 1 only undertakes the three basic functions of pressure bearing, conductive connection, and fluid diversion and introduction. No electrolytic reaction occurs inside. All electrochemical reactions are concentrated in the membrane electrode assembly area. The end plate 1 does not participate in the catalytic hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution process.

[0034] Furthermore, the anode terminal 15 and the cathode terminal 16 are respectively fastened to the center of the outer side of the two end plates 1, the terminal base is in large-area contact with the metal conductive surface of the end plate 1, and the external power cable is crimped and locked in the terminal clamping groove.

[0035] The current conduction path is external power cable, anode terminal 15, end plate 1, anode plate 13, internal stacked membrane electrode assembly, cathode plate 11, end plate 1, cathode terminal 16 and power negative terminal, forming a complete conductive circuit without any breaks.

[0036] The terminal block surface is treated with an anti-oxidation coating to suit the humid and corrosive environment of alkaline hydrogen production plants. A fixed standard value is set for the terminal locking torque; insufficient torque will result in increased conductive contact resistance and localized overheating, while excessive torque can easily cause localized dents and damage to the end plate 1. During assembly, a torque wrench is used to uniformly calibrate the locking force, ensuring consistent batch assembly. The terminal block serves only as a medium for electrical energy input and output; it has no fluid transport channel. All fluid is transported independently through the internal flow channels of end plate 1. The electrical circuit and fluid circuit are completely physically separated, eliminating the safety hazards of leakage and short circuits caused by dielectric conductivity.

[0037] In this embodiment, the anode plate 13 and the cathode plate 11 are respectively sandwiched between the end plate 1 and the first layer structural ring. The anode plate 13 is attached to the inner side of one end plate 1, and the cathode plate 11 is attached to the inner side of the other end plate 1. The two plates have completely identical outer contour dimensions, and the plate surface is flat and smooth. Both are integrally milled and formed using pure nickel substrate or high alloy nickel substrate. The entire plate has no splicing welds, the plate thickness is uniform, and the plate surface flatness meets the requirements for high-precision sealing and bonding.

[0038] Pure nickel substrate exhibits excellent resistance to corrosion from strong alkaline electrolytes. Compared to traditional carbon steel and low-nickel alloy plates, it does not exhibit rust, pitting, or intergranular corrosion even after long-term immersion in a 30% concentration high-temperature alkaline electrolyte, and the surface resistivity remains stable without significant increase. When using high-alloy nickel substrate, the nickel content is no less than 90%, and trace amounts of chromium and molybdenum are added to further enhance corrosion resistance under high-temperature and high-pressure alkaline conditions. Both materials can be flexibly selected according to the hydrogen production load level. Pure nickel substrate is used for low-load units to control costs, while high-power, high-current-density units use high-alloy nickel substrate to improve durability and lifespan.

[0039] An oxygen flow channel is integrally formed inside the upper part of the anode plate 13. An outlet hole is opened on the end face of the anode plate 13 facing the sealing ring 9. The position of the outlet hole is precisely aligned with the oxygen channel 9b of the adjacent sealing ring 9. A hydrogen flow channel is integrally formed inside the upper part of the cathode plate 11. The opening on the end face of the hydrogen flow channel is aligned with the hydrogen channel 9a of the sealing ring.

[0040] The positions of the oxygen channel openings on the anode plate 13 and the hydrogen channel openings on the cathode plate 11 are such that the two gas channels are isolated from each other and do not intersect. There are no leaks or gaps in the plate body, and the gas generated by electrolysis can only be discharged outward in one direction and will not flow back into the electrolyte cavity.

[0041] The surfaces of the anode plate 13 and the cathode plate 11 are tightly fitted to the end faces of the adjacent sealing rings 9. After the fasteners 14 are axially pressed, the contact surfaces of the plates and the sealing rings 9 are compressed and deformed to form an annular sealing strip, which blocks the leakage of gas and electrolyte from the outer edge of the plates.

[0042] Among them, the anode plate 13 and the cathode plate 11 simultaneously perform three functions: conductive current collection, gas conduction, and end-face sealing support. There are no electrolyte storage grooves on the plate surface. The electrolyte is distributed evenly in the grooves of the bipolar plate 12. The plates only collect and conduct current and do not directly carry a large amount of electrolyte medium.

[0043] In this embodiment, the structural ring includes more than 10 sets of uniformly sized annular frame components, such as structural ring 1, structural ring 2, structural ring 3, and structural ring 3. All of them are arranged and stacked sequentially along the axial direction of the electrolytic cell. The annular cavity of each set of structural rings is used to embed and fix the membrane electrode assembly. The annular end faces of two adjacent sets of structural rings are completely in contact. After stacking, the whole structure forms a continuous and regular multi-layer reaction chamber frame.

[0044] All structural rings are uniformly injection molded from an engineering resin-fiber composite material. This one-piece molding process eliminates adhesive seams, resulting in high overall mechanical rigidity and strength. They are resistant to bending, cracking, and compression deformation under axial pressure. The composite material is chemically inert, completely resisting acid-base reactions, swelling, and dissolution with high-temperature, high-concentration alkaline electrolytes. It exhibits excellent dimensional stability even after long-term immersion, preventing ring expansion or contraction that could lead to seal failure. The structural rings have a uniform width and sidewall thickness, with no stress concentration gaps between the inner and outer rings. The stacking and compression forces are evenly distributed across the entire ring end face, eliminating localized high-pressure stress points.

[0045] The first positioning pin hole 2a is machined on the side wall of the first ring 2. The first positioning pin hole 2a penetrates the front and rear mating end faces of the ring body. The pin hole diameter matches the outer diameter of the positioning pin shaft. The second ring 3 and the third ring 10 are simultaneously machined with positioning pin holes of the same specification. The center of all the pin holes of the structural rings is on the same concentric circle trajectory.

[0046] During implementation, three through-holes are simultaneously and integrally opened on the side wall of the structural ring 1-2, namely alkali liquid channel hole 21, hydrogen gas channel hole 22, and oxygen gas channel hole 23. The three channels run parallel through the front and rear end faces of the ring body, and the inner diameter and center position of the channels correspond completely with the fluid openings of the sealing ring 9 and the end plate 1.

[0047] The first positioning pin hole 2a, the alkali liquid channel hole 21, the hydrogen gas channel hole 22, and the oxygen gas channel hole 23 are arranged on the ring wall. Sufficient solid wall thickness is maintained between the channels to prevent the problem of liquid and gas leakage due to wall rupture between the channels.

[0048] Each set of structural rings has its two annular end faces respectively connected to the adjacent sealing ring 9 and bipolar plate 12. The end faces are flat and free of burrs and protrusions. After being pressed, they are completely sealed with the sealing strip of the outer ring of the sealing ring 9. The inner cavity of the structural ring accommodates the entire membrane electrode assembly. The outer edge of the membrane electrode assembly is engaged and limited on the inner ring step of the structural ring, realizing the radial fixation and limitation of the membrane electrode assembly and avoiding radial displacement due to electrical vibration and fluid impact. The number of multiple sets of structural rings can be increased or decreased according to the hydrogen production power requirements. The higher the power, the more sets of structural rings can be stacked. The basic assembly positioning, sealing, and fluid communication structural logic remain completely unchanged, making equipment expansion and modification convenient and highly universal.

[0049] In this embodiment, the sealing ring 9 is disposed between the mating end faces of every two adjacent rigid components, and is respectively arranged at all mating gap positions of end plate 1 and anode plate 13, anode plate 13 and structural ring 2, structural ring and bipolar plate 12, bipolar plate 12 and the next set of structural rings, end structural ring and cathode plate 11, and cathode plate 11 and the other end plate 1. All elastic seals are achieved by axial clamping force. The sealing ring 9 is a wide corrosion-resistant rubber seal, which is wider than the traditional narrow strip sealing gasket. After being compressed, the deformation buffer space is larger, the upper limit of sealing pressure is higher, and the anti-aging and anti-alkaline swelling performance is suitable for long-term continuous hydrogen production. The sealing material does not adsorb hydrogen and oxygen, and there is no risk of hydrogen embrittlement cracking.

[0050] In this embodiment, the sealing ring 9 plate has three sets of through fluid holes and one set of positioning pin holes, namely the sealing ring alkaline solution channel 9c, the sealing ring hydrogen channel 9a, the sealing ring oxygen channel 9b, and the second positioning pin hole 9d. Figure 3 The diagram shows the planar opening structure of the sealing ring 9, clearly marking the position and layout of the four openings. The diameter and center position of the second locating pin hole 9d are completely coincident with the first locating pin hole 2a of the structural ring 2. The locating pin shaft passes through the second locating pin hole 9d and the first locating pin hole 2a simultaneously, realizing the radial and circumferential dual positioning and limiting of the sealing ring 9. During assembly, the sealing ring 9 will not rotate, slip, or misalign, and the fluid channels are naturally coaxially aligned.

[0051] The sealing ring alkaline channel 9c precisely connects to the electrolyte flow channel of the end plate 1 and the alkaline channel hole 21 of the structural ring, forming a continuous and sealed electrolyte delivery pipeline; the sealing ring hydrogen channel 9a connects to the hydrogen flow channel of the end plate 1 and the hydrogen channel hole 22 of the structural ring; the sealing ring oxygen channel 9b connects to the oxygen flow channel of the end plate 1 and the oxygen channel hole 23 of the structural ring; the three fluid channels are physically and independently separated throughout the entire process, and the solid isolation strip of the sealing ring 9 completely blocks the mutual flow and mixing of the three media.

[0052] In this embodiment, the inner and outer annular solid areas of the sealing ring 9 serve as sealing pressure-bearing bands. After compression, the inner and outer sealing bands are compressed and adhered to the rigid plate surface, preventing electrolyte, hydrogen, and oxygen from leaking outward from the outer edge of the sealing ring. Each stacked layer is equipped with an independent sealing ring 9, eliminating the need for a shared sealing gasket design. Leakage due to aging of a single layer of sealing rings only requires individual disassembly and replacement, making maintenance and disassembly convenient without the need to completely remove the entire stacked assembly. The wide structural design significantly improves the service life of the seals, extending the replacement cycle by more than double compared to narrow sealing rings, reducing the frequency of equipment downtime for maintenance, and adapting to the 24-hour uninterrupted continuous hydrogen production operation requirements of wind and solar power bases.

[0053] The membrane electrode assembly is embedded and fixed inside the annular cavity of each structural ring. Inside the assembly, the pre-motor 1 4, anode 5, inorganic membrane 6, cathode 7, and pre-motor 2 8 are arranged in a fixed order from top to bottom. The five layers of components are tightly attached and stacked without gaps, forming a complete electrolysis reaction unit.

[0054] The inorganic membrane 6 is made of third-generation inorganic composite membrane material and is sandwiched between the anode 5 and the cathode 7. Both sides of the inorganic composite membrane 6 are tightly bonded to the lower surface of the anode 5 and the upper surface of the cathode 7, respectively. The inorganic composite membrane 6 physically isolates the anode and cathode chambers, allowing only electrolyte ions to penetrate and conduct, completely blocking the bidirectional permeation and diffusion of hydrogen and oxygen gas molecules, thus eliminating the risk of hydrogen-oxygen mixture explosion from the core reaction area. The inorganic composite membrane is resistant to high temperatures and strong alkali corrosion. Under long-term high-current-density electrolysis conditions, the membrane dimensions remain stable without shrinkage or deformation, and the membrane surface is free of pinholes and cracks. The ion conduction impedance is stable, and there will be no significant increase in cell voltage or energy consumption with increasing operating time.

[0055] Both the pre-motor 1 (4) and pre-motor 2 (8) are made by stamping a nickel-based mesh substrate. The mesh hollow structure has uniform porosity. The mesh substrate is uniformly coated with a multi-element precious metal catalytic layer on both sides. The precious metal components are matched with the alkaline water electrolysis hydrolysis activation reaction, which greatly reduces the activation energy threshold of the electrolysis reaction.

[0056] The lower surface of pre-motor 1 4 is in full-area conductive contact with the upper surface of anode 5, and the upper surface of pre-motor 2 8 is in full-area conductive contact with the lower surface of cathode 7. Current is evenly distributed and conducted through the pre-electrode mesh substrate to the entire surface of anode 5 and cathode 7, with no local current concentration or bias. The electrolytic load is uniform throughout the reaction area, and there are no local overcurrent or overheating losses. The nickel-based mesh substrate itself has excellent conductivity and its alkali corrosion resistance matches that of the nickel-based substrates of anode 5 and cathode 7. The small potential difference at the contact surfaces of different components prevents electrochemical corrosion and accelerated aging. The internal stacked components of the entire membrane electrode assembly have continuous and smooth conductive connections without high-impedance interlayers. Each membrane electrode assembly is an independent standard reaction unit. The number of structural ring groups determines the number of membrane electrode assemblies. Bipolar series conduction is achieved between units via bipolar plates 12. The more units stacked, the greater the total electrolytic power. The unit structure is completely standardized and interchangeable.

[0057] In this embodiment, the bipolar plate 12 is assembled in the middle of the opposite end faces of two adjacent sets of structural rings. The left side of the bipolar plate 12 is the anode side 12a, and the right side is the cathode side 12c. One bipolar plate simultaneously undertakes the bipolar conductive functions of current collection at the left anode and current collection at the right cathode, and is the core conductive bridge component of the series multilayer film electrode assembly.

[0058] The bipolar plate 12, anode plate 13, and cathode plate 11 maintain a unified material system, using pure nickel substrate or high alloy nickel substrate, and are integrally milled. The entire plate body has no splicing welds, and the plate surface has consistent corrosion resistance and conductivity stability. Both the anode side 12a and the cathode side 12c of the bipolar plate are milled with finely interlaced electrolyte grooves. The grooves are evenly distributed in depth and width, increasing the contact area between the electrolyte and the plate surface. The electrolyte can quickly and evenly fill the entire reaction chamber, improving mass transfer and heat exchange efficiency, and adapting to high current density and rapid electrolysis reaction rates.

[0059] An oxygen outlet 12b is provided at the upper position of the anode side 12a of the bipolar plate. The oxygen outlet 12b passes through the edge of the plate and connects to the oxygen channel 9b of the adjacent sealing ring 9. A hydrogen outlet 12d is provided at the upper position of the cathode side 12c of the bipolar plate. The hydrogen outlet 12d connects to the hydrogen channel 9a of the adjacent sealing ring 9.

[0060] The gas outlets are only located on the corresponding anode and cathode side plates. The solid area in the middle of the plate completely isolates hydrogen and oxygen, preventing the gases from penetrating the bipolar plate 12 and mixing with each other. During electrolysis, the oxygen generated in the anode side 12a chamber flows upward into the oxygen outlet 12b, and the hydrogen generated in the cathode side 12c chamber flows upward into the hydrogen outlet 12d. The gases are naturally discharged upward by buoyancy and will not accumulate at the bottom of the plates to form a high-pressure gas blockage that hinders the flow of electrolyte.

[0061] The bipolar plate 12 is fitted with the sealing rings 9 on both sides around its annular end face. After being pressed, the sealing rings wrap around the outer edge of the bipolar plate 12 to prevent electrolyte and gas from leaking from the gaps on the side of the plate. The bipolar plate 12 only undertakes three functions: bipolar conductivity, electrolyte distribution, and gas conduction. No electrolytic reaction occurs in the middle of the plate. All the reactions are distributed inside the membrane electrode assemblies on both sides.

[0062] In this embodiment, the fastener 14 is a high-strength corrosion-resistant alloy bolt assembly. Multiple fasteners 14 are evenly distributed in a ring on the outer edge of the end plate 1. All fasteners 14 are arranged parallel to the axial direction of the electrolytic cell. The bolt shank passes through one end plate 1, the anode plate 13, the multi-layer structure ring, the bipolar plate 12, the cathode plate 11, and the other end plate 1 in sequence. Thickened flat washers and anti-loosening lock nuts are fitted at both ends.

[0063] During assembly, all fasteners (14 nuts) are tightened synchronously and evenly in stages, applying axial preload in three stepped stages to avoid uneven tightening on one side causing tilting or misalignment of the stacked components. The final axial preload value matches the standard value of the elastic compression of the sealing ring (9), with the compression controlled within the safe range of seal deformation. This ensures a leak-free seal without excessive pressure that could crush the inorganic membrane (6) or the composite material frame of the extrusion deformation structure ring. Fasteners (14) are made of alloy material resistant to alkaline mist corrosion in the factory area, and anti-corrosion grease is applied to the bolt threads to prevent thread corrosion and seizing under long-term high-temperature conditions. In cases where disassembly is not possible, fastener 14 only provides the binding force for the entire stack and does not participate in the conductive or fluid transport functions. The conductive circuit relies entirely on the metal contact surface of the nickel-based electrode plate and the membrane electrode assembly for conduction. An insulating gasket is installed between fastener 14 and end plate 1 to prevent current from forming a leakage bypass through fastener 14, ensuring that all electrical energy is put into the electrolytic hydrogen reaction without any additional leakage power loss. After the compression is completed, the entire stacked assembly becomes a rigid integrated whole. The stacking gap will not loosen or expand under transportation and operation vibration conditions, and the sealing state is stable and reliable for a long time.

[0064] During operation, the positioning pins are first inserted for positioning. The pins pass through the positioning pre-reserved hole of end plate 1, the second positioning pin hole 9d of sealing ring 9, the first positioning pin hole 2a of structural ring 2, and the pin holes of the remaining structural rings in sequence. All rigid components and seals rely on the pins to achieve circumferential rotation limit and radial centering limit. All fluid channels: alkali liquid channel hole 21, hydrogen gas channel hole 22, oxygen gas channel hole 23, sealing ring alkali channel 9c, sealing ring hydrogen channel 9a, sealing ring oxygen channel 9b, and the three flow channels of end plate 1 are naturally kept coaxially aligned. The assembly process does not require repeated manual fine-tuning of the hole positions, the batch assembly efficiency is greatly improved, and human assembly errors are completely eliminated.

[0065] Traditional electrolytic cells without locating pins are prone to channel misalignment during manual stacking. This misalignment leads to poor electrolyte flow, gas pressure buildup, uneven sealing, and leakage. This solution relies on mechanically forced positioning with pin holes, ensuring uniform coaxiality of the channels in each layer of components and unobstructed fluid flow throughout the entire machine. After the locating pins are assembled, fasteners 14 are tightened in stages. The locating pins are never removed and continue to provide anti-slip and limiting functions during long-term operation. Even with slight stress relaxation of the fasteners, the stacked components will not rotate or shift, and the fluid flow remains stable. The locating pin holes only serve as assembly limits; no fluid or current passes through the pins. The pins are made of non-metallic, high-strength, wear-resistant material, preventing conductive short circuits and electrochemical corrosion.

[0066] Electrolyte supply path: The electrolyte is sequentially transferred between the external alkali supply pipeline, the electrolyte flow channel of the end plate 1, the alkali channel 9c of the sealing ring, the alkali channel hole 21 of the structural ring, and the electrolyte grooves on both sides of the bipolar plate 12. The electrolyte evenly fills the positive and negative reaction chambers of each set of membrane electrode components, providing a reaction medium for the hydrolysis reaction. The electrolyte is circulated back and sent out of the tank along the same path in the opposite direction, forming a closed-loop circulation replenishment and impurity removal system.

[0067] Hydrogen export path: Hydrogen gas is generated in the cathode 7 chamber, and then the hydrogen gas passes sequentially through the hydrogen outlet 12d of the bipolar plate 12, the hydrogen channel 9a of the sealing ring, the hydrogen gas passage hole 22 of the structural ring, the hydrogen flow channel of the end plate 1 / hydrogen flow channel of the cathode plate 11, and the external hydrogen collection buffer tank.

[0068] Oxygen export path: Oxygen is generated in chamber 5 of the anode, and then passes sequentially through oxygen outlet 12b of bipolar plate 12, oxygen channel 9b of sealing ring, oxygen duct hole 23 of structural ring, oxygen flow channel of end plate 1 / oxygen flow channel of anode plate 13, and external oxygen recovery and venting pipeline.

[0069] The three media pipelines are physically separated by a triple layer of sealing rings (9 solid isolation bands), structural ring solid walls, and bipolar plates (12 solid plates). There are no gaps between any two media, and no cross-mixing channels for hydrogen and oxygen, eliminating the risk of mixing and explosion at the pipeline architecture level. The inner diameter of the fluid pipelines is uniformly matched to the flow load, and the electrolyte circulation flow rate increases synchronously under high current density conditions. There are no bottlenecks or throttling in the pipeline diameter, the electrolyte inflow and outflow are balanced, and the liquid level in the tank is stable without significant fluctuations.

[0070] A second aspect of the present invention provides a high current density bipolar pressure filter electrolysis method, wherein the method employs a high current density bipolar pressure filter electrolyzer as described above, and includes: Step 1: Use the positioning pin holes of the structural ring to achieve circumferential coaxial alignment and splicing of the end plate, sealing ring, and each set of structural rings; fasteners pass through both end plates and apply axial preload to press and seal the anode plate, cathode plate, multiple sets of structural rings, bipolar plate, and sealing ring as a whole, and the membrane electrode assembly is stably embedded and fixed in the inner cavity of each set of structural rings. For example, the positioning pin is inserted into the first positioning pin hole 2a of the structural ring 2, and simultaneously passes through the end plate 1, the second positioning pin hole 9d of the sealing ring 9, and all stacked structural rings to complete the circumferential coaxial alignment and splicing of all components; the anode plate 13 and cathode plate 11 are placed inside the end plates 1 at both ends, and the sealing ring 9, structural rings, pre-assembled membrane electrode assembly, and bipolar plate 12 are stacked layer by layer; all fasteners 14 are inserted, and the nuts are tightened evenly in three stages to apply axial preload. All stacked components are pressed together and sealed, and the membrane electrode assembly is completely and securely embedded in the inner cavity steps of each set of structural rings without loosening, offset, or warping. Only after the sealing compression test meets the standard can the next step be carried out.

[0071] Step 2: The electrolyte is transported to the electrolyte trenches on both sides of the bipolar plate through the electrolyte flow channels of the end plate, the electrolyte through holes of the sealing ring, and the structural annular flow channels; the hydrogen and oxygen passages are independently separated and there is no cross-flow of media. For example, the external alkaline solution circulation pump is started, and the electrolyte is continuously transported and filled into the electrolyte trenches on both sides of the bipolar plate 12 through the electrolyte flow channel of the end plate 1, the alkaline solution channel 9c of the sealing ring, and the alkaline solution channel hole 21 of the structural ring, until all the anion and cation chambers of the membrane electrode assembly are completely submerged in electrolyte; the air is slowly vented from the pipeline and the inside of the tank to confirm that the hydrogen and oxygen passages are sealed and independent, with no cross-flow, leakage, or air leakage of the medium, and the liquid level and pressure parameters are calibrated to the standard range set by the process.

[0072] Step 3: The external power supply current is connected to the anode plate and cathode plate through the terminal blocks fixed on the outside of the end plate, and the electrical energy is conducted to the membrane electrode assembly layer by layer; the multi-element noble metal catalyst layer on the surface of the nickel-based mesh pre-electrode catalyzes the electrolytic decomposition of the electrolyte, oxygen is generated in the anode area and hydrogen is generated in the cathode area; For example, when the external wind and solar power supply is turned on, the current is introduced into one end plate 1 through the anode terminal 15, conducted to the anode plate 13, and conducted layer by layer in series to each group of membrane electrode assembly pre-motor 4, anode 5, inorganic membrane 6, cathode 7, and pre-motor 8. Then it is conducted to the next group of units through the bipolar plate 12, and finally collected to the cathode plate 11, the other end plate 1, and the cathode terminal 16 to return to the negative electrode of the power supply. The multi-element noble metal catalytic layer on the surface of the nickel-based mesh pre-electrode reduces the hydrolysis activation energy. The electrolyte undergoes an oxidation reaction in the anode 5 area to produce oxygen, and a reduction reaction occurs in the cathode 7 area to produce hydrogen. The entire process relies on the inorganic composite membrane 6 to block gas interperfusion and unidirectional ion conduction to maintain the electrochemical reaction balance.

[0073] Step 4: The oxygen generated on the anode side flows out from the oxygen outlet at the top of the bipolar plate anode side, is introduced into the oxygen flow channel of the anode plate through the oxygen through hole of the sealing ring, and then discharged outwards; the hydrogen generated on the cathode side flows out from the hydrogen outlet at the top of the bipolar plate cathode side, is introduced into the hydrogen flow channel of the cathode plate through the hydrogen through hole of the sealing ring, and then discharged outwards. For example, the oxygen generated by electrolysis on the anode side 12a is drawn upward by buoyancy and flows out through the oxygen outlet 12b of the bipolar plate 12. It then passes through the oxygen channel 9b of the sealing ring and is introduced into the oxygen flow channel of the anode plate 13 for stable external transport and collection. The hydrogen generated on the cathode side 12c flows upward into the hydrogen outlet 12d of the bipolar plate 12, passes through the hydrogen channel 9a of the sealing ring, and enters the hydrogen flow channel of the cathode plate 11 for external discharge. The gas discharge pressure is stable and controllable, and the gas pressure in the tank is maintained in a slightly positive state to prevent external air from backflowing into the hydrogen pipeline and causing danger.

[0074] Step 5: The entire set of pressurized and sealed electrolytic cell units maintains a stable load of 10% to 110% across the entire range, with the load adjustment rate controlled at 5% to 8% / s. Wide corrosion-resistant sealing rings continuously isolate the gas and liquid media in each layer. Pure nickel / high alloy nickel electrode plates are combined with inorganic composite membranes to support the equipment in corrosion-resistant, low-loss, and long-term continuous electrolysis under high current density conditions.

[0075] For example, when the entire pressurized and sealed electrolyzer unit is put into continuous hydrogen production operation, the operating load range covers 10% to 110% of the rated full load, which is suitable for photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation scenarios with large power fluctuations between day and night; the load adjustment rate is stably controlled at 5% to 8% / s, and the cell voltage and gas purity do not fluctuate drastically during rapid load increase and decrease; the wide corrosion-resistant sealing ring 9 continuously isolates the layered gas-liquid medium to prevent leakage, the pure nickel / high alloy nickel electrode plate operates with corrosion resistance and low impedance under long-term high current density, and the inorganic composite membrane 6 stably separates the anode and cathode gases. The entire set of equipment can produce hydrogen by electrolysis 24 / 7 with long-term efficiency and low loss, which is suitable for the working conditions of the large-scale hydrogen production industry for new energy consumption.

[0076] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high current density bipolar pressure filter electrolytic cell, characterized in that, include: End plates are arranged in pairs facing each other, and each end plate is processed with an independent electrolyte flow channel, hydrogen flow channel and oxygen flow channel; The wiring terminal is fixedly mounted on the outside of the end plate; The anode plate and cathode plate are respectively attached to and abut against the inner surfaces of the end plates on both sides to form a sealed fit. Multiple sets of structural rings are configured and arranged sequentially along the axial direction. Each set of structural rings is clamped between the anode plate and the cathode plate, and the end faces of adjacent structural rings are in contact with each other. A sealing ring or sealing gasket is placed between the mating end faces of adjacent components, and a through hole is formed on it. The through hole is aligned and connected to each flow channel. A membrane electrode assembly is adapted to be embedded inside the structural ring, and a pre-electrode, an anode, an inorganic membrane, and a cathode are sequentially stacked inside the membrane electrode assembly. The bipolar plate is assembled between the opposite end faces of two adjacent sets of structural rings, with its two sides respectively polarly aligned and tightly fitted with the corresponding membrane electrode assembly; Fasteners, penetrating both ends of the end plates, press and fix all stacked components axially and achieve end face sealing.

2. The high current density bipolar pressure filter electrolytic cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The membrane electrode assembly contains an inorganic composite membrane, which is bonded and assembled with adjacent anodes and cathodes.

3. The high current density bipolar pressure filter electrolyzer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anode plate, cathode plate, and bipolar plate are all made of pure nickel or high alloy nickel substrate, and the surfaces of each plate are fitted together.

4. The high current density bipolar pressure filter electrolytic cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pre-electrode body is a nickel-based network structure with a multi-element noble metal catalytic layer attached to its surface; The end face of the pre-electrode is in contact with the anode and cathode and forms a conductive connection.

5. A high current density bipolar pressure filter electrolytic cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The structural ring is provided with a positioning pin hole; The end plate, sealing ring, and structural ring are assembled and positioned with each other through positioning pin holes, so that the electrolyte flow channel, hydrogen flow channel, and oxygen flow channel are kept coaxially aligned and connected.

6. The high current density bipolar pressure filter electrolytic cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The structural ring is an integrally molded part made of engineering resin and fiber composite material; The two end faces of the structural ring are tightly sealed to the adjacent sealing ring and bipolar plate, and multiple sets of structural rings are assembled together.

7. A high current density bipolar pressure filter electrolytic cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sealing ring is a wide-type corrosion-resistant sealing element; The through holes on the sealing ring are divided into electrolyte through holes, hydrogen through holes and oxygen through holes. The electrolyte through hole is connected to the electrolyte flow channel of the end plate and the structural ring; The hydrogen through hole is connected to the hydrogen flow channels of the end plate and the structural ring. The oxygen through hole is connected to the oxygen flow channel of the end plate and the structural ring.

8. A high current density bipolar pressure filter electrolytic cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, Electrolyte grooves are machined on both sides of the bipolar plate. The bipolar plate has an oxygen outlet at its upper part facing the anode side, and the oxygen outlet is connected to the oxygen through hole of the adjacent sealing ring. The bipolar plate has a hydrogen outlet on its upper part facing the cathode side, and the hydrogen outlet is connected to the hydrogen through hole of the adjacent sealing ring.

9. A high current density bipolar pressure filter electrolytic cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anode plate is provided with an oxygen flow channel, which is connected to the oxygen through hole of the adjacent sealing ring. A hydrogen flow channel is provided on the upper part of the cathode plate, and the hydrogen flow channel is connected to the hydrogen through hole of the adjacent sealing ring.

10. A high current density bipolar pressure filtration electrolysis method, characterized in that, The method is carried out using a high current density bipolar pressure filter electrolyzer as described in any one of claims 1-9, comprising: Step 1: Use the positioning pin holes of the structural ring to achieve circumferential coaxial alignment and splicing of the end plate, sealing ring, and each set of structural rings; fasteners pass through both end plates and apply axial preload to press and seal the anode plate, cathode plate, multiple sets of structural rings, bipolar plate, and sealing ring as a whole, and the membrane electrode assembly is stably embedded and fixed in the inner cavity of each set of structural rings. Step 2: The electrolyte is transported to the electrolyte trenches on both sides of the bipolar plate through the electrolyte flow channels of the end plate, the electrolyte through holes of the sealing ring, and the structural annular flow channels; the hydrogen and oxygen passages are independently separated and there is no cross-flow of media. Step 3: The external power supply current is connected to the anode plate and cathode plate through the terminal blocks fixed on the outside of the end plate, and the electrical energy is conducted to the membrane electrode assembly layer by layer; the multi-element noble metal catalyst layer on the surface of the nickel-based mesh pre-electrode catalyzes the electrolytic decomposition of the electrolyte, oxygen is generated in the anode area and hydrogen is generated in the cathode area; Step 4: The oxygen generated on the anode side flows out from the oxygen outlet at the top of the bipolar plate anode side, is introduced into the oxygen flow channel of the anode plate through the oxygen through hole of the sealing ring, and then discharged outwards; the hydrogen generated on the cathode side flows out from the hydrogen outlet at the top of the bipolar plate cathode side, is introduced into the hydrogen flow channel of the cathode plate through the hydrogen through hole of the sealing ring, and then discharged outwards. Step 5: The entire set of pressurized and sealed electrolytic cell units maintains a stable load of 10% to 110% across the entire range, with the load adjustment rate controlled at 5% to 8% / s. Wide corrosion-resistant sealing rings continuously isolate the gas and liquid media in each layer. Pure nickel / high alloy nickel electrode plates are combined with inorganic composite membranes to support the equipment in corrosion-resistant, low-loss, and long-term continuous electrolysis under high current density conditions.

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