Method for positioning and staking a road and road construction system

Abstract

The application relates to the field of road construction, in particular to a highway positioning and pile setting method and a highway construction system, which comprises early construction preparation, construction site measurement, selection of a reference object and positioning and modification of the position of a pile site by using the selected positioning reference object; compared with the prior art, when the highway positioning and pile setting method is used, various measuring devices are used to collect the positioning of the pile site and other parameters, and judgment is carried out, the operation process is complex, the professional requirement of the workers in the measuring process is higher, positioning errors are easily caused by the operation mistakes of the workers; the system uses the highway positioning and pile setting method based on machine vision, specific marks or piles on the highway are recognized and positioned by using computer vision technology, the positioning accuracy and efficiency are effectively improved, the labor cost is reduced, the construction and management level is improved, and the positioning reliability is enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of road construction, and more particularly to a method for positioning and staking highways, as well as a highway construction system. Background Technology

[0002] Highway positioning and staking refers to the process of determining the specific location of the highway's direction, width, boundaries, and key control points through a series of measurements and markings before highway construction. This process includes multiple steps such as site surveying, determining the demolition area, setting up staking points, and developing a demolition plan. It requires a professional surveying team and advanced technical equipment. Highway positioning and staking is a crucial step in highway construction, involving the determination of the highway's direction, width, boundaries, and key control points. It is of great significance for ensuring the accurate construction and smooth operation of the highway. During highway positioning and staking, various surveying devices are used to collect and judge the location of the staking points and other parameters. The operation process is complex, and the measurement process requires a high level of professionalism from the staff. Errors in positioning can easily occur due to operator mistakes. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To overcome the problem that when positioning and staking on highways, multiple measuring devices are used to collect and judge the location of the stakes and other parameters, which is complicated and requires a high level of professionalism from the staff, and is prone to positioning errors due to staff mistakes.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is: a method for positioning and staking on highways, comprising the following steps:

[0005] S11: Preliminary construction preparation. Based on the design drawings and requirements of the highway construction, determine the specific location and parameters of the pile positions. The specific location and parameters of the pile positions include the coordinates, elevation, and slope of the pile positions.

[0006] S12: On-site surveying, establishing a construction control network based on design requirements and actual site conditions, including a horizontal control network and an elevation control network;

[0007] S13: Based on the measurements at the construction site, select a reference object as the positioning reference for pile location;

[0008] S14: When constructing pile positions, the selected positioning reference objects are used to locate and modify the position of the pile positions.

[0009] As a preferred option, the following should also be included in the preliminary construction preparation:

[0010] A11: Preparation of surveying equipment: Prepare the necessary surveying equipment, including total station, theodolite, GPS positioning device, level and steel tape, and ensure that the accuracy and precision of the equipment meet the specifications.

[0011] A12: Control point setting: Control points are set along the highway construction site. The control points serve as the benchmark for measurement and positioning. The control points are set in stable, easily identifiable and not easily damaged locations.

[0012] As a preferred method, when conducting on-site surveys and establishing a horizontal control network based on design requirements and actual site conditions, the following steps are included:

[0013] S21: Determine the level of the plane control network based on the design accuracy requirements of the project. The higher the level, the higher the accuracy requirement of the control points;

[0014] S22: Select the appropriate network layout method based on the scale, shape, construction conditions, and performance of the surveying equipment.

[0015] S23: Select appropriate surveying instruments, such as total stations and GNSS receivers, according to the level and layout of the control network, and formulate detailed operating procedures;

[0016] S24: Initially select the locations of the plane control points on the drawings and conduct on-site reconnaissance to ensure that the plane control points are selected in stable, easy-to-preserve and easy-to-measure locations;

[0017] S25: Install marker stones or signs at the selected plane control point locations;

[0018] S26: Conduct field observations according to the operating procedures, obtain the side lengths and angles between plane control points, and process the observation data, including adjustment calculations, to obtain the precise coordinates of the plane control points.

[0019] As a preferred method, when conducting on-site surveys and establishing an elevation control network based on design requirements and actual site conditions, the following steps are included:

[0020] S31: Re-measure the leveling points on site to ensure that their accuracy meets the requirements; then, transfer the elevation of the control points of the plane control network to each control point to obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of each control point;

[0021] S32: According to the needs of the project, a certain number of elevation control points are set up to form a closed or attached line control network;

[0022] S33: Use surveying instruments such as leveling instruments to conduct field observations and obtain elevation difference data between control points;

[0023] S34: Process field observation data, including closure error calculation and adjustment calculation, to obtain the elevation values ​​of each control point.

[0024] As a preferred method, when selecting a reference object as the positioning reference object for pile location based on the measurement conditions at the construction site, the following steps are included:

[0025] S41: Based on the established elevation control points and horizontal control points, establish a model of the highway construction site;

[0026] S42: Determine the precise coordinates of the elevation control points and the horizontal control points, and determine the specific coordinates of the pile locations;

[0027] S43: Select positioning reference objects for each pile location based on the specific coordinates of the pile location, the precise coordinates of the elevation control point, and the precise coordinates of the plane control point. At least two positioning reference objects should be selected for each pile location.

[0028] As a preferred option, when selecting a reference object as the positioning reference object for pile location based on the measurement conditions at the construction site, the following steps are also included:

[0029] S44: Calculate the distance and angle between the pile location and the positioning reference based on the specific coordinates of the pile location and the precise coordinates of each positioning reference.

[0030] S45: Calculate and compile statistics on the inclination angle and horizontal height of the pile positions.

[0031] Preferably, by using reference points for highway positioning and stakeout, the positioning accuracy is significantly improved through clear and stable benchmarks, the data management process is simplified, the data maintenance efficiency and comparability are improved, and rapid positioning and navigation are supported in various application scenarios. This enhances the safety and emergency response capabilities of highway management and provides more reliable and efficient services for highway construction.

[0032] As a preferred method, when locating and modifying the position of the pile using selected positioning references during pile construction, the working principle steps include:

[0033] S51: Use one or more of drone equipment and high-definition camera equipment to collect images of highway construction sites;

[0034] S52: Perform image processing on the acquired images to identify the distance and angle between the pile location and the corresponding positioning reference object;

[0035] S53: Determine whether the coordinates of the pile position are correct based on the distance and angle between the pile position and the corresponding positioning reference.

[0036] Preferably, when processing the acquired images to identify the distance and angle between the pile location and the corresponding positioning reference, the following steps are included:

[0037] S61: Image preprocessing, wherein the preprocessing methods used include image noise reduction, contrast enhancement and color conversion;

[0038] S62: Use an edge detection algorithm to identify edges in the image, and use a template matching-based image feature recognition algorithm to identify the image of the pile location and the corresponding positioning reference.

[0039] S63: By calculating the pixel distance between the pile position and the corresponding positioning reference in the image, and combining parameters such as the camera's focal length and pixel size, the pixel distance is converted into the actual distance, and the angle is calculated using geometric methods.

[0040] Preferably, once a target marker or post is identified, the system can quickly calculate its location information, achieve rapid positioning, and improve work efficiency. Through high-precision image processing algorithms and feature extraction technology, it can accurately identify markers or posts on the road, reducing misjudgments and omissions. Moreover, the entire identification and positioning process is highly automated, reducing the need for manual intervention and thus reducing labor costs. For scenarios where work needs to be carried out in harsh environments, such as at night or in severe weather conditions, machine vision technology can reduce the labor intensity of workers and improve work safety.

[0041] Preferably, when locating and modifying the position of the pile using selected positioning references during pile construction, the following steps are also included:

[0042] S71: Use measuring equipment to measure the horizontal height and angle of the pile location;

[0043] S72: Record and organize the measured data, including information such as the coordinates, angles, and horizontal height of the pile location;

[0044] S73: Compare and analyze the measurement data with the design drawings to check whether the location, orientation and horizontal height of the piles meet the design requirements;

[0045] S74: Based on the data analysis results, make necessary modifications to the pile positions. If the pile position deviates, it needs to be repositioned and measured; if the angle deviation is large, the pile direction needs to be adjusted; if the horizontal height is incorrect, the elevation needs to be adjusted.

[0046] S75: After the adjustment is completed, the pile positions are re-measured and verified.

[0047] Highway construction systems include:

[0048] The information entry module is used to input parameters for highway construction, including highway construction design drawings and design requirements.

[0049] The image acquisition module is used to acquire images of the highway construction site during highway construction.

[0050] The data calculation and analysis module is used to process and analyze the images acquired by the image acquisition module;

[0051] The judgment generation module is used to judge the location of the pile position based on the processing results of the data calculation and analysis module and the information entered by the information entry module, to determine whether the location of the pile position meets the design requirements, and to generate rectification suggestions.

[0052] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0053] 1. Compared to existing technologies that use multiple measuring devices to collect and judge the location of piles and other parameters during highway positioning and stake placement, which involves complex procedures and requires a high level of expertise from the staff, making it easy for positioning errors to occur due to operator mistakes; this system adopts a machine vision-based highway positioning and stake placement method. By using computer vision technology to identify and locate specific marks or piles on the highway, it effectively improves positioning accuracy and efficiency, reduces labor costs, enhances construction and management levels, and strengthens positioning reliability.

[0054] 2. Once a target marker or post is identified, the system can quickly calculate its location information, achieve rapid positioning, and improve work efficiency. Through high-precision image processing algorithms and feature extraction technology, it can accurately identify markers or posts on the road, reducing misjudgments and omissions. Moreover, the entire identification and positioning process is highly automated, reducing the need for manual intervention and thus reducing labor costs. For scenarios where work needs to be carried out in harsh environments, such as at night or in severe weather conditions, machine vision technology can reduce the labor intensity of workers and improve work safety.

[0055] 3. By adopting a reference point-based method for highway positioning and staking, the positioning accuracy is significantly improved through clear and stable benchmarks. This simplifies the data management process, enhances data maintenance efficiency and comparability, and supports rapid positioning and navigation in various application scenarios. It also strengthens the safety and emergency response capabilities of highway management, providing more reliable and efficient services for highway construction. Attached Figure Description

[0056] Figure 1 The diagram shown is a flowchart illustrating the highway positioning and stake setting method of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 2The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the highway construction system of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0058] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0059] Please see Figure 1 The present invention provides an embodiment of a method for highway positioning and stake setting, comprising the following steps:

[0060] S11: Preliminary construction preparation. Based on the design drawings and requirements of the highway construction, determine the specific location and parameters of the pile positions. The specific location and parameters of the pile positions include the coordinates, elevation, and slope of the pile positions.

[0061] S12: On-site surveying, establishing a construction control network based on design requirements and actual site conditions, including a horizontal control network and an elevation control network;

[0062] S13: Based on the measurements at the construction site, select a reference object as the positioning reference for pile location;

[0063] S14: When constructing pile positions, the selected positioning reference objects are used to locate and modify the position of the pile positions.

[0064] As a preferred option, the following should also be included in the preliminary construction preparation:

[0065] A11: Preparation of surveying equipment: Prepare the necessary surveying equipment, including total station, theodolite, GPS positioning device, level and steel tape, and ensure that the accuracy and precision of the equipment meet the specifications.

[0066] A12: Control point setting: Control points are set along the highway construction site. The control points serve as the benchmark for measurement and positioning. The control points are set in stable, easily identifiable and not easily damaged locations.

[0067] As a preferred method, when conducting on-site surveys and establishing a horizontal control network based on design requirements and actual site conditions, the following steps are included:

[0068] S21: Determine the level of the plane control network based on the design accuracy requirements of the project. The higher the level, the higher the accuracy requirement of the control points;

[0069] S22: Select the appropriate network layout method based on the scale, shape, construction conditions, and performance of the surveying equipment.

[0070] S23: Select appropriate surveying instruments, such as total stations and GNSS receivers, according to the level and layout of the control network, and formulate detailed operating procedures;

[0071] S24: Initially select the locations of the plane control points on the drawings and conduct on-site reconnaissance to ensure that the plane control points are selected in stable, easy-to-preserve and easy-to-measure locations;

[0072] S25: Install marker stones or signs at the selected plane control point locations;

[0073] S26: Conduct field observations according to the operating procedures, obtain the side lengths and angles between plane control points, and process the observation data, including adjustment calculations, to obtain the precise coordinates of the plane control points.

[0074] As a preferred method, when conducting on-site surveys and establishing an elevation control network based on design requirements and actual site conditions, the following steps are included:

[0075] S31: Re-measure the leveling points on site to ensure that their accuracy meets the requirements; then, transfer the elevation of the control points of the plane control network to each control point to obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of each control point;

[0076] S32: According to the needs of the project, a certain number of elevation control points are set up to form a closed or attached line control network;

[0077] S33: Use surveying instruments such as leveling instruments to conduct field observations and obtain elevation difference data between control points;

[0078] S34: Process field observation data, including closure error calculation and adjustment calculation, to obtain the elevation values ​​of each control point.

[0079] As a preferred method, when selecting a reference object as the positioning reference object for pile location based on the measurement conditions at the construction site, the following steps are included:

[0080] S41: Based on the established elevation control points and horizontal control points, establish a model of the highway construction site;

[0081] S42: Determine the precise coordinates of the elevation control points and the horizontal control points, and determine the specific coordinates of the pile locations;

[0082] S43: Select positioning reference objects for each pile location based on the specific coordinates of the pile location, the precise coordinates of the elevation control point, and the precise coordinates of the plane control point. At least two positioning reference objects should be selected for each pile location.

[0083] As a preferred option, when selecting a reference object as the positioning reference object for pile location based on the measurement conditions at the construction site, the following steps are also included:

[0084] S44: Calculate the distance and angle between the pile location and the positioning reference based on the specific coordinates of the pile location and the precise coordinates of each positioning reference.

[0085] S45: Calculate and compile statistics on the inclination angle and horizontal height of the pile positions.

[0086] Preferably, by using reference points for highway positioning and stakeout, the positioning accuracy is significantly improved through clear and stable benchmarks, the data management process is simplified, the data maintenance efficiency and comparability are improved, and rapid positioning and navigation are supported in various application scenarios. This enhances the safety and emergency response capabilities of highway management and provides more reliable and efficient services for highway construction.

[0087] As a preferred method, when locating and modifying the position of the pile using selected positioning references during pile construction, the working principle steps include:

[0088] S51: Use one or more of drone equipment and high-definition camera equipment to collect images of highway construction sites;

[0089] S52: Perform image processing on the acquired images to identify the distance and angle between the pile location and the corresponding positioning reference object;

[0090] S53: Determine whether the coordinates of the pile position are correct based on the distance and angle between the pile position and the corresponding positioning reference.

[0091] Preferably, when processing the acquired images to identify the distance and angle between the pile location and the corresponding positioning reference, the following steps are included:

[0092] S61: Image preprocessing, wherein the preprocessing methods used include image noise reduction, contrast enhancement and color conversion;

[0093] S62: Use an edge detection algorithm to identify edges in the image, and use a template matching-based image feature recognition algorithm to identify the image of the pile location and the corresponding positioning reference.

[0094] S63: By calculating the pixel distance between the pile position and the corresponding positioning reference in the image, and combining parameters such as the camera's focal length and pixel size, the pixel distance is converted into the actual distance, and the angle is calculated using geometric methods.

[0095] Preferably, once a target marker or post is identified, the system can quickly calculate its location information, achieve rapid positioning, and improve work efficiency. Through high-precision image processing algorithms and feature extraction technology, it can accurately identify markers or posts on the road, reducing misjudgments and omissions. Moreover, the entire identification and positioning process is highly automated, reducing the need for manual intervention and thus reducing labor costs. For scenarios where work needs to be carried out in harsh environments, such as at night or in severe weather conditions, machine vision technology can reduce the labor intensity of workers and improve work safety.

[0096] Preferably, when locating and modifying the position of the pile using selected positioning references during pile construction, the following steps are also included:

[0097] S71: Use measuring equipment to measure the horizontal height and angle of the pile location;

[0098] S72: Record and organize the measured data, including information such as the coordinates, angles, and horizontal height of the pile location;

[0099] S73: Compare and analyze the measurement data with the design drawings to check whether the location, orientation and horizontal height of the piles meet the design requirements;

[0100] S74: Based on the data analysis results, make necessary modifications to the pile positions. If the pile position deviates, it needs to be repositioned and measured; if the angle deviation is large, the pile direction needs to be adjusted; if the horizontal height is incorrect, the elevation needs to be adjusted.

[0101] S75: After the adjustment is completed, the pile positions are re-measured and verified.

[0102] Please see Figure 2 The present invention provides an embodiment of a highway construction system, comprising:

[0103] The information entry module is used to input parameters for highway construction, including highway construction design drawings and design requirements.

[0104] The image acquisition module is used to acquire images of the highway construction site during highway construction.

[0105] The data calculation and analysis module is used to process and analyze the images acquired by the image acquisition module;

[0106] The judgment generation module is used to judge the location of the pile position based on the processing results of the data calculation and analysis module and the information entered by the information entry module, to determine whether the location of the pile position meets the design requirements, and to generate rectification suggestions.

[0107] Through the above steps, compared with existing technologies that use multiple measuring devices to collect and judge the location of piles and other parameters during highway positioning and stake placement, resulting in complex operation procedures and high requirements for the professionalism of the staff, which are prone to positioning errors due to staff operation mistakes, this system adopts a machine vision-based highway positioning and stake placement method. By using computer vision technology to identify and locate specific marks or piles on the highway, it effectively improves positioning accuracy and efficiency, reduces labor costs, improves construction and management levels, and enhances positioning reliability.

[0108] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for positioning and staking highways; characterized in that: It includes the following steps: S11: Preliminary construction preparation. Based on the design drawings and requirements of the highway construction, determine the specific location and parameters of the pile positions. The specific location and parameters of the pile positions include the coordinates, elevation, and slope of the pile positions. S12: On-site surveying, establishing a construction control network based on design requirements and actual site conditions, including a horizontal control network and an elevation control network; S13: Based on the measurements at the construction site, select a reference object as the positioning reference for pile location; S14: When constructing pile positions, the selected positioning reference objects are used to locate and modify the position of the pile positions.

2. The method for highway positioning and stake setting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preliminary construction preparation also includes the following: A11: Preparation of surveying equipment: Prepare the necessary surveying equipment, including total station, theodolite, GPS positioning device, level and steel tape, and ensure that the accuracy and precision of the equipment meet the specifications. A12: Control point setting: Control points are set along the highway construction site. The control points serve as the benchmark for measurement and positioning. The control points are set in stable, easily identifiable and not easily damaged locations.

3. The method for highway positioning and stake setting according to claim 2, characterized in that: When conducting on-site surveying and establishing a horizontal control network based on design requirements and actual site conditions, the following steps are included: S21: Determine the level of the plane control network based on the design accuracy requirements of the project; the higher the level, the higher the accuracy requirements of the control points. S22: Select the appropriate network layout method based on the scale, shape, construction conditions, and performance of the surveying equipment. S23: Select appropriate surveying instruments, such as total stations and GNSS receivers, according to the level and layout of the control network, and formulate detailed operating procedures; S24: Initially select the locations of the plane control points on the drawings and conduct on-site reconnaissance to ensure that the plane control points are selected in stable, easy-to-preserve and easy-to-measure locations; S25: Install marker stones or signs at the selected plane control point locations; S26: Conduct field observations according to the operating procedures, obtain the side lengths and angles between plane control points, and process the observation data, including adjustment calculations, to obtain the precise coordinates of the plane control points.

4. The method for highway positioning and stake setting according to claim 3, characterized in that: When conducting on-site surveying and establishing an elevation control network based on design requirements and actual site conditions, the following steps are included: S31: Re-measure the leveling points on site to ensure that their accuracy meets the requirements; then, transfer the elevation of the control points of the plane control network to each control point to obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of each control point; S32: According to the needs of the project, a certain number of elevation control points are set up to form a closed or attached line control network; S33: Use surveying instruments such as leveling instruments to conduct field observations and obtain elevation difference data between control points; S34: Process field observation data, including closure error calculation and adjustment calculation, to obtain the elevation values ​​of each control point.

5. The method for highway positioning and stake setting according to claim 4, characterized in that: When selecting a reference object as the positioning reference for pile location based on the measurements at the construction site, the following steps are included: S41: Based on the established elevation control points and horizontal control points, establish a model of the highway construction site; S42: Determine the precise coordinates of the elevation control points and the horizontal control points, and determine the specific coordinates of the pile locations; S43: Select positioning reference objects for each pile location based on the specific coordinates of the pile location, the precise coordinates of the elevation control point, and the precise coordinates of the plane control point. At least two positioning reference objects should be selected for each pile location.

6. The method for highway positioning and stake setting according to claim 5, characterized in that: When selecting a reference object as the positioning reference for pile location based on the measurements at the construction site, the following steps are also included: S44: Calculate the distance and angle between the pile location and the positioning reference based on the specific coordinates of the pile location and the precise coordinates of each positioning reference. S45: Calculate and compile statistics on the inclination angle and horizontal height of the pile positions.

7. The method for highway positioning and stake setting according to claim 6, characterized in that: When constructing pile sites, the working principle and steps for locating and modifying the position of the piles using selected positioning references include: S51: Use one or more of drone equipment and high-definition camera equipment to collect images of highway construction sites; S52: Perform image processing on the acquired images to identify the distance and angle between the pile location and the corresponding positioning reference object; S53: Determine whether the coordinates of the pile position are correct based on the distance and angle between the pile position and the corresponding positioning reference.

8. The method for highway positioning and stake setting according to claim 7, characterized in that: The process of image processing of the acquired images to identify the distance and angle between the pile location and the corresponding positioning reference includes the following steps: S61: Image preprocessing, wherein the preprocessing methods used include image noise reduction, contrast enhancement and color conversion; S62: Use an edge detection algorithm to identify edges in the image, and use a template matching-based image feature recognition algorithm to identify the image of the pile location and the corresponding positioning reference. S63: By calculating the pixel distance between the pile position and the corresponding positioning reference in the image, and combining parameters such as the camera's focal length and pixel size, the pixel distance is converted into the actual distance, and the angle is calculated using geometric methods.

9. The method for highway positioning and stake setting according to claim 8, characterized in that: When constructing pile sites, the process of locating and modifying the position of the piles using selected positioning references also includes the following steps: S71: Use measuring equipment to measure the horizontal height and angle of the pile location; S72: Record and organize the measured data, including information such as the coordinates, angles, and horizontal height of the pile location; S73: Compare and analyze the measurement data with the design drawings to check whether the location, orientation and horizontal height of the piles meet the design requirements; S74: Based on the data analysis results, make necessary modifications to the pile positions. If the pile position deviates, it needs to be repositioned and measured; if the angle deviation is large, the pile direction needs to be adjusted; if the horizontal height is incorrect, the elevation needs to be adjusted. S75: After the adjustment is completed, the pile positions are re-measured and verified.

10. A highway construction system, characterized in that: Including: The information entry module is used to input parameters for highway construction, including highway construction design drawings and design requirements. The image acquisition module is used to acquire images of the highway construction site during highway construction. The data calculation and analysis module is used to process and analyze the images acquired by the image acquisition module; The judgment generation module is used to judge the location of the pile position based on the processing results of the data calculation and analysis module and the information entered by the information entry module, to determine whether the location of the pile position meets the design requirements, and to generate rectification suggestions.

Images