A seismic isolation bearing for a building structure

Abstract

The application relates to a seismic isolation support for a building structure and belongs to the technical field of building seismic isolation supports. The support piece comprises a lower seat plate, an upper seat plate, a lower connecting seat and an upper connecting seat, a guide piece arranged between the lower seat plate and the upper seat plate, a hydraulic support structure arranged outside the guide piece, and a linkage locking structure arranged outside the hydraulic support structure and used for reinforcing support. The guide piece comprises a first flange plate and a second flange plate fixedly connected to opposite sides of the lower seat plate and the upper seat plate respectively, a vertical rod fixedly connected to the bottom side of the first flange plate, and a sleeve fixedly connected to the top of the second flange plate. The seismic isolation support for the building structure has the advantages of controllable vertical deformation, vertical displacement to horizontal locking, gas-liquid progressive locking, automatic post-seismic resetting and unlocking and the like, and realizes the effects of multistage shock absorption and energy dissipation, self-adaptive stiffness adjustment, automatic post-seismic shaping support and cyclic repeated anti-seismicity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of seismic isolation bearing technology, specifically a seismic isolation bearing for building structures. Background Technology

[0002] Seismic isolation bearings are core components for reducing seismic loads and protecting the main structure. Currently, two types of products are commonly used in bridge engineering: rubber bearings and simple hydraulic damping bearings. Traditional bearings rely solely on elastomers or hydraulic oil to dissipate energy during vibration. The buffering function and the limiting and locking components are separate, and the two structures do not have a linkage relationship. When an earthquake occurs, the bearing's buffering deformation cannot synchronously trigger the locking mechanism. When the seismic displacement exceeds the safety limit, the bearing lacks a synchronously intervened limiting and blocking structure. The buffering components alone cannot restrain excessive vertical deformation, which can easily lead to excessive bearing compression and misalignment of the upper and lower bearing plates, significantly reducing the overall seismic safety reserve of the bridge.

[0003] Existing seismic isolation bearings generally design buffer energy dissipation and limit protection as two independent functional modules, lacking an effective coordination mechanism between the two. The buffer structure cannot adaptively trigger the limit protection during large displacements, resulting in the bearing losing restraint after the displacement exceeds the limit. If the limit structure intervenes too early, it will generate rigid impact, which will aggravate structural damage. This defect of functional separation restricts the overall protective effectiveness of seismic isolation bearings under extreme seismic loads.

[0004] Therefore, it is urgent to improve the seismic isolation bearings to solve the above-mentioned problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a seismic isolation bearing for building structures, which has the advantages of controllable vertical deformation, vertical displacement to horizontal locking, gas-liquid progressive locking, and automatic reset and unlocking after an earthquake. It achieves the effects of multi-level vibration reduction and energy dissipation, adaptive stiffness adjustment, automatic post-earthquake shaping support, and cyclical and repeatable earthquake resistance.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a seismic isolation bearing for a building structure, the bearing comprising a lower bearing plate, an upper bearing plate, a lower connecting seat and an upper connecting seat, a guide member disposed between the lower bearing plate and the upper bearing plate, a hydraulic support structure disposed outside the guide member, and a linkage locking structure disposed outside the hydraulic support structure for reinforcing support; The guide includes a first flange plate and a second flange plate fixedly connected to opposite sides of the lower seat plate and the upper seat plate, a vertical rod fixedly connected to the bottom side of the first flange plate, a sleeve fixedly connected to the top of the second flange plate, a floating plate fixedly connected to the bottom end of the vertical rod, and an oil storage cavity disposed between the floating plate and the bottom side of the sleeve. The hydraulic support structure includes a fixed frame fixedly connected to the outside of the sleeve and an mounting cylinder fixedly connected to the inside of the fixed frame, a transmission rod slidably connected to the inside of the mounting cylinder, a valve plate fixedly connected to the outside of the transmission rod, a tee pipe fixedly connected between the mounting cylinder and the sleeve, and a limiting tooth seat fixedly connected to the outer surface of the bottom end of the transmission rod.

[0007] Furthermore, a return spring is fixedly connected between the top of the floating plate and the inner top wall of the sleeve, the upright and the sleeve are in sliding fit, a linkage plate is fixedly connected to the outside of the upright, and the linkage plate is fixedly connected to the top of the transmission rod.

[0008] Furthermore, both the oil storage chamber and the mounting cylinder are filled with hydraulic oil. The three-way pipe connects the bottom inner cavity of the mounting cylinder to the oil storage chamber. The valve plate is slidably sealed inside the mounting cylinder. A number of locking teeth are sequentially fixedly connected to the outside of the limiting tooth seat.

[0009] Furthermore, the linkage locking structure includes a tapered rod fixedly connected to the bottom side of the floating plate and a wedge-shaped rod slidably passing through the outside of the sleeve. The tapered rod is located on the upper surface of the wedge-shaped rod, and a tension spring is fixedly connected between one end of the wedge-shaped rod and the outer wall of the sleeve.

[0010] Furthermore, the linkage locking structure also includes a piston cylinder fixedly connected to the end of the wedge rod away from the tapered rod, a piston rod slidingly passing through the inside of the piston cylinder, and a retaining spring fixedly connected between one end of the piston rod and the inner wall of the piston cylinder.

[0011] Furthermore, one side of the piston rod and piston cylinder is combined to form an oil chamber, and the other side of the piston rod and piston cylinder is combined to form an air storage chamber. The top of the air storage chamber is fixedly connected to an air supply pipe extending into the piston rod. The bottom end of the three-way pipe is connected to the top of the piston cylinder and is fixedly connected to the oil chamber.

[0012] Furthermore, a locking block is fixedly connected to the end of the piston rod away from the wedge rod, and a transmission cavity communicating with the air supply pipe is opened inside the piston rod near the locking block.

[0013] Furthermore, an elastic shaft is slidably inserted inside the locking block, and an abutment plate is fixedly connected to one end of the elastic shaft. The elastic shaft is composed of a hollow shaft and an elastic element disposed outside the hollow shaft. The abutment plate abuts against the locking teeth on the inner sidewall of the limiting tooth seat.

[0014] Furthermore, the lower connecting seat is fixedly connected to the top of the lower seat plate, and the upper connecting seat is fixedly connected to the inner top wall of the upper seat plate. The lower surface of the upper connecting seat and the upper surface of the lower connecting seat are in close contact.

[0015] Furthermore, when the upper seat plate is pressed and moves downward, it drives the linkage plate to move downward, causing the three-way pipe to supply oil into the oil storage chamber. The conical rod pushes the wedge rod to move outward, causing the piston cylinder to extend towards the limiting tooth seat. When the piston rod moves synchronously, the air pressure causes the abutment plate to abut against the locking teeth on the inner side wall of the limiting tooth seat.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a seismic isolation bearing for building structures, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention utilizes the sliding connection between the guide rod and the sleeve to form a vertical buffer guide system, combined with a return spring and an oil storage cavity. During an earthquake, the vertical displacement of the upper plate can be evenly dissipated by hydraulic oil, preventing unilateral displacement of the support. At the same time, the rod synchronously transmits the hydraulic support structure through the linkage plate, realizing synchronous displacement transmission, providing a precise triggering basis for subsequent locking actions, and improving the controllability of the vertical deformation of the support.

[0017] 2. In this invention, while the hydraulic oil flows, the floating plate of the guide component drives the conical rod to move downward, actively pushing the wedge rod to slide outward, causing the piston cylinder to move towards the limiting tooth seat; it cleverly converts the vertical compression displacement into a horizontal locking driving force, realizing the mechanical linkage between vertical support and lateral locking, and achieving adaptive adjustment of the system stiffness.

[0018] 3. In this invention, as the piston rod moves with the piston cylinder, the gas in the gas storage chamber enters the transmission chamber through the gas delivery pipe, pushing the elastic shaft and the abutment plate to gradually fit together and engage with the locking teeth of the limiting tooth seat; the gas-liquid synergy makes the locking force gradually increase with the increase of displacement, which not only avoids rigid impact, but also provides a stable mechanical blockage when the displacement exceeds the limit, ensuring safety.

[0019] 4. In this invention, a reset spring is placed between the floating plate and the sleeve. During the earthquake interval, the upright can be pushed to reset, and the hydraulic oil flows back through the three-way pipe. This process not only realizes the automatic centering of the support, but also continuously dissipates residual energy in the reciprocating motion. The linkage locking structure is automatically unlocked due to the tension spring when resetting, ensuring the reciprocating working capability of the system and avoiding jamming. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the support component of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the guide component and hydraulic support structure of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the guide component of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the linkage locking structure of the present invention.

[0021] In the diagram: 1. Support component; 11. Lower seat plate; 12. Upper seat plate; 13. Lower connecting seat; 14. Upper connecting seat; 2. Guide component; 21. First flange plate; 22. Vertical rod; 23. Second flange plate; 24. Sleeve; 25. Floating plate; 26. Return spring; 27. Oil reservoir; 3. Hydraulic support structure; 31. Fixing frame; 32. Mounting cylinder; 33. Transmission rod; 34. Valve plate; 35. T-pipe; 36. Limiting tooth seat; 37. Linkage plate; 4. Linkage locking structure; 41. Conical rod; 42. Wedge rod; 43. Tension spring; 44. Piston cylinder; 45. Piston rod; 46. Abutment spring; 47. Oil chamber; 48. Air reservoir; 49. Air supply pipe; 410. Transmission chamber; 411. Locking block; 412. Elastic shaft; 413. Abutment plate. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] Please see Figures 1 to 7 This embodiment of a seismic isolation bearing for building structures includes a bearing component 1, which comprises a lower bearing plate 11, an upper bearing plate 12, a lower connecting seat 13, and an upper connecting seat 14. A guide component 2 is disposed between the lower bearing plate 11 and the upper bearing plate 12. A hydraulic support structure 3 is disposed outside the guide component 2, and a linkage locking structure 4 is disposed outside the hydraulic support structure 3 for reinforcing support. Both the lower bearing plate 11 and the upper bearing plate 12 have connecting slots inside.

[0024] The lower connecting seat 13 is fixedly connected to the top of the lower seat plate 11, and the upper connecting seat 14 is fixedly connected to the inner top wall of the upper seat plate 12. The lower surface of the upper connecting seat 14 and the upper surface of the lower connecting seat 13 are in close contact. Through the close contact between the upper connecting seat 14 and the lower connecting seat 13, the vertical load of the building can be evenly transmitted, while restraining the horizontal displacement of the support. This ensures that the guide component 2, the hydraulic support structure 3, and the linkage locking structure 4 are coaxially assembled, providing a stable force reference for the coordinated operation of each structure.

[0025] To achieve the desired hydraulic synchronous transmission and locking carrier forming effect, please refer to [link / reference]. Figures 3 to 5In this embodiment, the hydraulic support structure 3 includes a fixed frame 31 fixedly connected to the outside of the sleeve 24 and an mounting cylinder 32 fixedly connected to the inside of the fixed frame 31, a transmission rod 33 slidably connected to the inside of the mounting cylinder 32, a valve plate 34 fixedly connected to the outside of the transmission rod 33, a three-way pipe 35 fixedly connected between the mounting cylinder 32 and the sleeve 24, and a limiting tooth seat 36 fixedly connected to the outer surface of the bottom end of the transmission rod 33. The fixed frame 31 securely covers the mounting cylinder 32 on the outside of the sleeve 24, the valve plate 34 seals and separates the oil chamber, the three-way pipe 35 enables oil circuit interconnection, and can transmit oil pressure synchronously with the vertical deformation of the support. The limiting tooth seat 36 is equipped with locking teeth to provide a stable locking and limiting carrier for the subsequent linkage locking structure 4.

[0026] To achieve the effect of hydraulic energy dissipation followed by mechanical locking, both the oil reservoir 27 and the mounting cylinder 32 are filled with hydraulic oil. A three-way pipe 35 connects the bottom inner cavity of the mounting cylinder 32 to the oil reservoir 27. The valve plate 34 is slidably sealed inside the mounting cylinder 32. Multiple locking teeth are sequentially fixed to the outside of the limiting tooth seat 36. When the transmission rod 33 is driven by the linkage plate 37, the hydraulic oil is squeezed by the valve plate 34 and flows into the oil reservoir 27 through the three-way pipe 35, efficiently converting the seismic impact kinetic energy into liquid heat energy to achieve primary buffering energy dissipation. At the same time, the limiting tooth seat 36 provides a precise meshing interface for subsequent mechanical locking, realizing the connection between hydraulic buffering and mechanical locking. The seismic energy is dissipated by the friction of hydraulic oil flow. Simultaneously, the progressive locking action is adapted by multiple sets of locking teeth, realizing the orderly working logic of first buffering energy dissipation and then limiting locking.

[0027] To achieve stable and synchronous transmission of vertical displacement, please refer to [link / reference]. Figures 3 to 5 In this embodiment, the guide member 2 includes a first flange plate 21 and a second flange plate 23 respectively fixedly connected to opposite sides of the lower seat plate 11 and the upper seat plate 12, a vertical rod 22 fixedly connected to the bottom side of the first flange plate 21, a sleeve 24 fixedly connected to the top of the second flange plate 23, a floating plate 25 fixedly connected to the bottom end of the vertical rod 22, and an oil storage cavity 27 disposed between the bottom side of the floating plate 25 and the sleeve 24. Through the precise sliding guidance of the vertical rod 22 and the sleeve 24, the vertical displacement of the support is limited, ensuring that the vibration displacement of the upper seat plate 12 can be accurately and synchronously transmitted to the subsequent hydraulic and locking structures, avoiding displacement transmission deviation from affecting the protective effect.

[0028] To achieve automatic reset and reuse after an earthquake, a reset spring 26 is fixedly connected between the top of the floating plate 25 and the inner top wall of the sleeve 24. The upright 22 and the sleeve 24 are in sliding engagement, and a linkage plate 37 is fixedly connected to the outside of the upright 22. The linkage plate 37 is fixedly connected to the top of the transmission rod 33. The guide member 2, through the precise sliding engagement between the upright 22 and the sleeve 24, stably transmits the vertical displacement of the upper seat plate 12 to the hydraulic support structure 3. At the same time, the reset spring 26 ensures automatic centering and reset after an earthquake, providing a reliable and repeatable displacement input basis for subsequent hydraulic energy consumption and locking linkage.

[0029] To achieve the effect of vertical displacement to horizontal locking dynamics, please refer to [link / reference needed]. Figures 5 to 7 In this embodiment, the linkage locking structure 4 includes a tapered rod 41 fixedly connected to the bottom side of the floating plate 25 and a wedge-shaped rod 42 slidably passing through the outside of the sleeve 24. The tapered rod 41 is located on the upper surface of the wedge-shaped rod 42, and a tension spring 43 is fixedly connected between one end of the wedge-shaped rod 42 and the outer wall of the sleeve 24. When the floating plate 25 moves down with the upright rod 22, the inclined surface of the tapered rod 41 actively pushes the wedge-shaped rod 42 outward, cleverly converting the vertical compression displacement into a horizontal locking driving force, realizing an adaptively triggerable physical linkage. At the same time, the tension spring 43 ensures automatic reset after vibration, avoiding mechanism jamming and failure, with high trigger sensitivity and strong adaptability.

[0030] To achieve a dual-power lifting and locking effect using both hydraulic and pneumatic pressure, the linkage locking structure 4 also includes a piston cylinder 44 fixedly connected to the end of the wedge-shaped rod 42 away from the tapered rod 41. A piston rod 45 slides through the inside of the piston cylinder 44, and a retaining spring 46 is fixedly connected between one end of the piston rod 45 and the inner wall of the piston cylinder 44. One side of the piston rod 45 and the inside of the piston cylinder 44 forms an oil chamber 47, and the other side of the piston rod 45 and the inside of the piston cylinder 44 forms an air storage chamber 48. The top of the air storage chamber 48 is fixedly connected to an air supply pipe 49 extending into the inside of the piston rod 45. The bottom end of the three-way pipe 35 is connected to the top of the piston cylinder 44 and is fixedly connected to the oil chamber 47. The tapered rod 41 and the wedge rod 42 form a tapered-wedge mechanical trigger pair. When the floating plate 25 moves down, it can push the wedge rod 42 to extend laterally. The tension spring 43 can automatically reset the wedge rod 42 after the load disappears. The mechanical trigger sensitivity is high, and the locking process can be initiated with slight vertical settlement. By dividing the piston cylinder 44 into two independent chambers, an oil chamber 47 and an air storage chamber 48, hydraulic oil is introduced through the three-way pipe 35 to push the piston rod 45 to compress the air storage chamber 48. The gas is transmitted through the air supply pipe 49, forming a dual power source of oil pressure and air pressure, which improves the locking response speed and clamping force.

[0031] To achieve concentrated air pressure output and reduce pressure loss, specifically, a locking block 411 is fixedly connected to the end of the piston rod 45 away from the wedge rod 42. A transmission cavity 410, which is connected to the air supply pipe 49, is opened inside the piston rod 45 near the locking block 411. The transmission cavity 410 adopts a gradually narrowing air passage design, which gathers the high-pressure gas delivered by the air storage cavity 48 and outputs it directionally to the inner cavity of the locking block 411. This allows the air pressure to form a concentrated thrust in a narrow space, ensuring that the elastic shaft 412 can overcome the initial preload of the elastic element and quickly extend outward, achieving immediate engagement between the abutment plate 413 and the locking teeth of the limiting tooth seat 36.

[0032] To achieve the elastic buffering and locking effect that limits the rebound of the rod, it should be noted that an elastic shaft 412 is slidably inserted inside the locking block 411. One end of the elastic shaft 412 is fixedly connected to an abutment plate 413. The elastic shaft 412 consists of a hollow shaft and an elastic element disposed outside the hollow shaft. The abutment plate 413 abuts against the teeth on the inner sidewall of the limiting tooth seat 36. Through the elastic buffering structure inherent in the elastic shaft 412, the abutment plate 413 and the teeth of the limiting tooth seat 36 are tightly engaged, which limits the vertical rebound displacement of the transmission rod 33 after engagement.

[0033] To achieve a multi-stage seismic protection effect of first dissipating energy and then locking, it is worth mentioning that when the upper plate 12 is pressed downward, it drives the linkage plate 37 to move downward, causing the three-way pipe 35 to supply oil into the oil storage chamber 27. The conical rod 41 pushes the wedge rod 42 outward, causing the piston cylinder 44 to extend towards the limiting tooth seat 36. When the piston rod 45 moves synchronously, the air pressure causes the abutment plate 413 to abut against the locking teeth on the inner side wall of the limiting tooth seat 36. The locking block 411 achieves progressive engagement and locking under air pressure, which, together with the hydraulic buffer, forms a multi-stage protection mechanism of first dissipating energy and then locking, improving the stability and energy dissipation efficiency of the support under extreme loads.

[0034] The working principle of the above embodiments is as follows: The upper load of the building is transferred to the upper support plate 12 of the support member 1, and the lower load is borne by the lower support plate 11. The connecting slots opened in the lower support plate 11 and the upper support plate 12 are used for assembly and fixation with the building beams and columns. The lower connecting seat 13 at the top of the lower support plate 11 and the upper connecting seat 14 on the inner top wall of the upper support plate 12 are in close contact with each other, evenly distributing the vertical load, restraining the horizontal offset of the support, and ensuring that the guide member 2, the hydraulic support structure 3, and the linkage locking structure 4 are arranged coaxially, providing a stable force reference for the entire linkage mechanism. When an earthquake occurs, the upper seat plate 12 is compressed and moves downward. The upper seat plate 12 drives the sleeve 24 to move downward synchronously through the second flange plate 23. The upright 22 and the sleeve 24 slide together. The floating plate 25 at the bottom of the upright 22 compresses the oil storage chamber 27 downward. The return spring 26 between the floating plate 25 and the inner top wall of the sleeve 24 is compressed and stores energy synchronously. The linkage plate 37 on the outside of the upright 22 moves downward synchronously with the upright 22, and transmits the vertical displacement completely to the transmission rod 33 of the hydraulic support structure 3, realizing synchronous linkage of displacement. The transmission rod 33 is pulled down along the mounting cylinder 32 by the linkage plate 37. The valve plate 34 on the outside of the transmission rod 33 seals and squeezes the hydraulic oil inside the mounting cylinder 32. The mounting cylinder 32 is connected to the oil storage chamber 27 through the three-way pipe 35. The pressurized hydraulic oil flows back to the oil storage chamber 27 through the three-way pipe 35. The kinetic energy of the earthquake impact is converted into heat energy by the friction of the oil flow, realizing the first-level shock absorption and energy dissipation. The bottom end of the three-way pipe 35 is connected to the oil chamber 47 inside the piston cylinder 44, and synchronously delivers oil pressure to the locking mechanism. The limiting tooth seat 36 at the bottom end of the transmission rod 33 moves down with the rod, and multiple sets of locking teeth on the outer wall enter the locking position. The floating plate 25 continues to move downward following the upright 22. The tapered rod 41 fixed on the bottom side of the floating plate 25 presses down on the wedge rod 42 slidably assembled on the outside of the sleeve 24. The inclined surface of the tapered rod 41 converts the vertical movement into a horizontal thrust, pushing the wedge rod 42 to slide outward against the tension of the tension spring 43. The wedge rod 42 drives the end piston cylinder 44 to extend horizontally towards the limiting tooth seat 36, so that the locking block 411 is aligned with the inner teeth of the limiting tooth seat 36, completing the position feed of the locking mechanism. Hydraulic oil supplied by the three-way pipe 35 enters the oil chamber 47 inside the piston cylinder 44. The oil pressure pushes the piston rod 45 to slide towards the limit tooth seat 36. The piston rod 45 compresses the air inside the air storage chamber 48 to form high-pressure gas. The top of the air storage chamber 48 is connected to the air supply pipe 49. The gas is introduced into the transmission chamber 410 inside the piston rod 45 along the air supply pipe 49. The concentrated air pressure is delivered to the locking block 411. The locking response speed and clamping force are improved by the dual power of oil pressure and air pressure. Gas acts on the inner cavity of the locking block 411, pushing the elastic shaft 412 sliding inside the locking block 411 to extend outward. The abutment plate 413 at the end of the elastic shaft 412 presses tightly against the inner teeth of the limiting tooth seat 36. The elastic shaft 412 is composed of a hollow shaft and an external elastic element, which can buffer the impact of the locking moment. After the abutment plate 413 and the teeth are engaged, the transmission rod 33 is locked, which limits the rebound and settlement of the support and fixes the support height after the earthquake, forming a multi-level earthquake protection that first consumes energy and then locks. When the seismic load is removed, the lower connecting seat 13, the upper connecting seat 14, the return spring 26, and the hydraulic oil push the floating plate 25 upward, causing the sleeve 24 and the upper seat plate 12 to return upward. The conical rod 41 moves upward simultaneously to release the pressure on the wedge rod 42. The wedge rod 42 retracts inward under the tension of the tension spring 43, causing the piston cylinder 44 to move away from the limit tooth seat 36. The oil pressure in the oil chamber 47 decreases, and the abutment spring 46 pulls the piston rod 45 to return to its original position. The air pressure in the air storage chamber 48 drops, and the elastic shaft 412 retracts, which can repeatedly resist subsequent seismic loads.

[0035] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A seismic isolation bearing for building structures, comprising a bearing member (1), characterized in that: The support component (1) includes a lower seat plate (11), an upper seat plate (12), a lower connecting seat (13) and an upper connecting seat (14), a guide component (2) disposed between the lower seat plate (11) and the upper seat plate (12), a hydraulic support structure (3) disposed outside the guide component (2), and a linkage locking structure (4) disposed outside the hydraulic support structure (3) for strengthening the support. The guide member (2) includes a first flange plate (21) and a second flange plate (23) fixedly connected to opposite sides of the lower seat plate (11) and the upper seat plate (12), a vertical rod (22) fixedly connected to the bottom side of the first flange plate (21), a sleeve (24) fixedly connected to the top of the second flange plate (23), a floating plate (25) fixedly connected to the bottom end of the vertical rod (22), and an oil storage cavity (27) disposed between the bottom side of the floating plate (25) and the sleeve (24). The hydraulic support structure (3) includes a fixed frame (31) fixedly connected to the outside of the sleeve (24) and an mounting cylinder (32) fixedly connected to the inside of the fixed frame (31), a transmission rod (33) slidably connected to the inside of the mounting cylinder (32), a valve plate (34) fixedly connected to the outside of the transmission rod (33), a three-way pipe (35) fixedly connected between the mounting cylinder (32) and the sleeve (24), and a limiting tooth seat (36) fixedly connected to the outer surface of the bottom end of the transmission rod (33).

2. A seismic isolation bearing for building structures according to claim 1, characterized in that: A return spring (26) is fixedly connected between the top of the floating plate (25) and the inner top wall of the sleeve (24). The upright (22) and the sleeve (24) are in sliding fit. A linkage plate (37) is fixedly connected to the outside of the upright (22). The linkage plate (37) is fixedly connected to the top of the transmission rod (33).

3. A seismic isolation bearing for building structures according to claim 2, characterized in that: The oil storage chamber (27) and the mounting cylinder (32) are both filled with hydraulic oil. The three-way pipe (35) connects the bottom inner cavity of the mounting cylinder (32) to the oil storage chamber (27). The valve plate (34) is slidably sealed inside the mounting cylinder (32). A number of locking teeth are fixedly connected to the outside of the limiting tooth seat (36) in sequence.

4. A seismic isolation bearing for building structures according to claim 2, characterized in that: The linkage locking structure (4) includes a tapered rod (41) fixedly connected to the bottom side of the floating plate (25) and a wedge rod (42) slidably passing through the outside of the sleeve (24). The tapered rod (41) is located on the upper surface of the wedge rod (42), and a tension spring (43) is fixedly connected between one end of the wedge rod (42) and the outer wall of the sleeve (24).

5. A seismic isolation bearing for building structures according to claim 4, characterized in that: The linkage locking structure (4) further includes a piston cylinder (44) fixedly connected to the end of the wedge rod (42) away from the tapered rod (41). A piston rod (45) is slidably passed through the inside of the piston cylinder (44). An abutment spring (46) is fixedly connected between one end of the piston rod (45) and the inner wall of the piston cylinder (44).

6. A seismic isolation bearing for building structures according to claim 5, characterized in that: One side of the piston rod (45) and piston cylinder (44) are combined to form an oil chamber (47), and the other side of the piston rod (45) and piston cylinder (44) are combined to form an air storage chamber (48). The top of the air storage chamber (48) is fixedly connected to an air supply pipe (49) extending into the piston rod (45). The bottom end of the three-way pipe (35) is connected to the top of the piston cylinder (44) and is fixedly connected to the oil chamber (47).

7. A seismic isolation bearing for building structures according to claim 6, characterized in that: The piston rod (45) is fixedly connected to a locking block (411) at one end away from the wedge rod (42), and a transmission cavity (410) connected to the gas pipe (49) is opened inside the piston rod (45) near the locking block (411).

8. A seismic isolation bearing for building structures according to claim 7, characterized in that: The locking block (411) has an elastic shaft (412) that slides through its interior. One end of the elastic shaft (412) is fixedly connected to an abutment plate (413). The elastic shaft (412) consists of a hollow shaft and an elastic element disposed outside the hollow shaft. The abutment plate (413) abuts against the teeth on the inner sidewall of the limiting tooth seat (36).

9. A seismic isolation bearing for building structures according to claim 2, characterized in that: The lower connecting seat (13) is fixedly connected to the top of the lower seat plate (11), and the upper connecting seat (14) is fixedly connected to the inner top wall of the upper seat plate (12). The lower surface of the upper connecting seat (14) and the upper surface of the lower connecting seat (13) are in close contact.

10. A seismic isolation bearing for building structures according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the upper seat plate (12) is pressed and moves downward, it drives the linkage plate (37) to move downward, causing the three-way pipe (35) to supply oil into the oil storage chamber (27). The conical rod (41) pushes the wedge rod (42) to move outward, causing the piston cylinder (44) to extend towards the limiting tooth seat (36). When the piston rod (45) moves synchronously, the air pressure causes the abutment plate (413) to abut against the locking teeth on the inner side wall of the limiting tooth seat (36).

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