Passive mechanical constant pressure oil supplementing variable capacitance hydraulic vibration isolation bearing

Abstract

The application discloses a passive mechanical constant-pressure oil supplementing variable-capacity hydraulic vibration isolation bearing, and relates to the technical field of building structure vibration isolation and damping, which comprises an upper support, a lower support, a reinforcing steel plate, a flow channel, an oil supplementing mechanism and a sealing membrane; the upper support is connected with the lower support through the reinforcing steel plate; the inside of the upper support is an upper oil cavity; the inside of the lower support is a lower oil cavity; the upper oil cavity and the lower oil cavity are communicated through the flow channel; the sealing membrane is arranged in the lower oil cavity; and the oil supplementing mechanism is arranged on one side of the lower support. The oil supplementing mechanism can realize automatic pressure compensation of a hydraulic oil containing area of the lower oil cavity; when the pressure of the lower oil cavity is reduced due to slight leakage, the oil supplementing operation can be automatically triggered, and the hydraulic oil can be supplemented in time to maintain a constant-pressure environment in the area, without the intervention of manual, electric control or pneumatic devices, so that long-term stable operation is ensured, and the maintenance cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of seismic isolation and vibration reduction technology for building structures, specifically to a passive mechanical constant pressure oil replenishment variable displacement hydraulic seismic isolation bearing. Background Technology

[0002] Hydraulic seismic isolation bearings are crucial seismic-resistant devices in modern bridge engineering, stemming from the insufficient seismic resistance of traditional bearings and the frequent occurrence of strong earthquakes. Centered on a closed hydraulic system, they generate damping through piston movement and hydraulic oil flow. During an earthquake, this extends the structure's natural vibration period, dissipates seismic energy, and effectively controls beam displacement and internal forces. Compared to rubber bearings, they offer adjustable damping, high energy efficiency, and superior low-frequency seismic isolation, making them suitable for high-intensity seismic zones and complex bridges such as long-span and elevated structures. In recent years, with upgrades to seismic design codes and advancements in engineering technology, they have been widely applied to highway, railway, and municipal bridges, becoming a key component for enhancing structural seismic resilience.

[0003] Existing hydraulic seismic isolation bearings generally suffer from problems such as hydraulic oil leakage, easy failure of sealing structures, uncontrollable rebound speed, and the need for regular manual maintenance and oil replenishment. Conventional oil replenishment devices rely on electronic control, pneumatic or gravity assistance, and cannot achieve purely mechanical passive automatic oil replenishment. Moreover, the oil-air isolation structure is mostly a single-layer seal, which is not reliable enough. The limiting structure can only restrict vertical compression displacement and cannot prevent the bearing from being pulled out, making it difficult to meet the 100-year maintenance-free use requirements of building engineering.

[0004] Therefore, a passive mechanical constant pressure oil replenishment variable displacement hydraulic vibration isolation bearing is needed to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a passive mechanical constant pressure oil replenishment variable displacement hydraulic vibration isolation support, comprising: an upper support, a lower support, a reinforcing steel plate, a flow channel, an oil replenishment mechanism, and a sealing membrane;

[0006] The upper support is connected to the lower support via the reinforcing steel plate. The upper support has an upper oil chamber inside, and the lower support has a lower oil chamber inside. The upper oil chamber and the lower oil chamber are connected by the flow channel. The lower oil chamber is provided with the sealing membrane, and the lower support has an oil replenishment mechanism on one side.

[0007] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, the upper support includes: an upper top cover, an upper base, and an upper limit stop; The upper base is slidably connected to the upper top cover, and an upper oil seal is provided at the connection point. The upper limit stop is provided on the outer wall of the upper base near the upper top cover, and the upper limit stop prevents the upper top cover from falling off.

[0008] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, the lower support includes: a lower top cover, a lower base, and a lower limiting member; The lower base is fixedly connected to the lower top cover, and a lower oil seal is provided at the connection point. The lower limiting member is provided on the outer wall of the lower base near the lower top cover.

[0009] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, the flow channel includes: a body, a main flow channel, a secondary flow channel, fasteners, and threads; The outer wall of the main body is provided with the thread, and the fastener is provided on the inner wall of the upper base and the lower top cover. The main body is connected to the fastener through the thread. The main body has a main flow channel with one end connected to the upper oil cavity and the other end connected to the lower oil cavity. Multiple secondary flow channels are provided on the outside of the main flow channel and are connected to it.

[0010] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, both ends of the sealing membrane are connected to the inner wall of the lower base, and the middle part of the sealing membrane is connected to the outer wall of the flow channel near the interior of the lower oil cavity. The sealing membrane has a double-layer structure.

[0011] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, the oil replenishment mechanism includes: an outer shell, an inner shell, a bracket, a feed screw, a feed nut, an energy storage ring, a piston, a drive assembly, and a perforated disc; The outer shell contains an inner shell and a support frame. The feed nut is rotatably fixed to the support frame. The end of the feed nut away from the support frame is connected to the energy storage ring. The end of the energy storage ring away from the feed nut is connected to the perforated disk. The feed screw is threaded to the feed nut and slidably passes through the perforated disk, the energy storage ring, and the support frame. The drive assembly is provided on the inner wall of the outer shell. One end of the feed screw is connected to the piston, and the outer wall of the piston is slidably connected to the outer wall of the inner shell and the inner wall of the outer shell.

[0012] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, an oil replenishment chamber is formed between the end of the piston away from the feed screw, the inner wall of the outer shell, the outer wall of the inner shell, and the outer wall of the lower base. A cavity is formed between the inner wall of the inner shell, the inner wall of the outer shell, and the outer wall of the lower base. The oil replenishment chamber is connected to the lower oil cavity through a one-way valve, and the cavity is connected to the lower oil cavity through a trigger port.

[0013] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, the drive assembly includes: a base, a spring, a push rod, a sealing plug, a probe, and a connecting rod; The base is disposed on the inner wall of the outer shell, the spring is disposed on the side of the base away from the inner wall of the outer shell, the push rod slides through the bracket and the inner shell in sequence, and one end of the push rod is connected to the sealing plug and the other end is connected to the spring. The sealing plug is slidably connected in the trigger port. One end of the connecting rod is rotatably connected to the end of the push rod near the spring, and the other end is connected to the probe. The middle part of the connecting rod is rotatably mounted on the inner wall of the outer casing.

[0014] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, a spiral spring is provided inside the energy storage ring, which can drive the feed nut and the multi-hole disc to rotate.

[0015] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, the porous disk has multiple locking holes on its circumference, and each locking hole can be locked in place with the probe.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a passive mechanical constant pressure oil replenishment variable displacement hydraulic vibration isolation bearing, which has the following beneficial effects: Advantage 1: The oil replenishment mechanism set in this application can realize automatic pressure compensation in the hydraulic oil accommodating area of ​​the lower oil chamber. When the pressure in the lower oil chamber drops due to a slight leakage, the oil replenishment operation can be automatically triggered to replenish the hydraulic oil in time to maintain a constant pressure environment in the area. No manual, electronic control or pneumatic device intervention is required, which ensures long-term stable operation and reduces maintenance costs.

[0017] Advantage Two: This application possesses excellent pressure-bearing energy dissipation and rebound speed control performance. When the top cover is subjected to vertical loads, it can convert external impact energy into the elastic potential energy of the sealing membrane deformation and compressed air, achieving a smooth and stable descent of the top cover and effectively ensuring the vertical stability of the bridge structure. When the vertical load disappears, the interference of the secondary flow channel on the hydraulic oil creates high damping resistance, reducing the rebound and reset rate of the top cover, avoiding secondary impacts on the structure caused by rapid rebound, and extending the service life of the bridge. Furthermore, this application can adapt to actual scenarios where vertical seismic waves occur before transverse seismic waves under seismic conditions. When vertical seismic waves are acting, it can perform efficient and stable seismic isolation and buffering operations on the bridge, effectively weakening the impact of subsequent transverse seismic waves on the overall bridge structure and significantly improving the bridge's earthquake resistance.

[0018] Advantage 3: This application achieves dual isolation between hydraulic oil and compressed air through the structural design of a double-layer nitrile rubber sealing membrane, completely eliminating the phenomenon of oil and gas mixing. At the same time, the sealing membrane only undergoes elastic deformation without sliding friction, solving the leakage problem caused by friction and wear in traditional sealing structures, and improving the service life of the sealing components and the reliability of the structure operation.

[0019] Advantage 4: The upper limit component of this application can realize bidirectional anti-detachment limiting function, which can limit the maximum downward compression displacement of the upper cover to avoid damage to the sealing film due to excessive stretching, and limit the maximum upward pull-out displacement of the upper cover to prevent the upper cover from detaching from the overall structure, thereby further improving the safety of the structure operation. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 A front cross-sectional view of a passive mechanical constant pressure oil replenishment variable displacement hydraulic vibration isolation bearing; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the flow direction of the medium within the flow channel Figure 1 ; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the flow direction of the medium within the flow channel Figure 2 ; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the oil replenishment mechanism's status. Figure 1 ; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the oil replenishment mechanism's status. Figure 2 ; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the energy storage network structure; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a perforated disk; In the diagram: 1. Upper support; 11. Upper top cover; 12. Upper base; 13. Upper limit switch; 14. Upper oil chamber; 2. Lower support; 21. Lower top cover; 22. Lower base; 23. Lower limit switch; 24. Lower oil chamber; 3. Reinforcing steel plate; 4. Flow channel; 41. Main body; 42. Main flow channel; 43. Secondary flow channel; 44. Fastener; 45. Thread; 5. Oil replenishment mechanism; 51. Outer shell; 511. Cavity; 512. Check valve; 513. Trigger port; 52. 53. Inner shell; 54. Support; 55. Feed screw; 56. Feed nut; 57. Energy storage ring; 58. Spring; 59. Piston; 50. Drive assembly; 51. Base; 52. Spring; 53. Push rod; 584. Sealing plug; 585. Probe; 586. Connecting rod; 59. Multi-hole disc; 591. Locking hole; 510. Oil filling chamber; 6. Sealing membrane; 7. Upper oil seal; 8. Oil inlet; 9. Air inlet; 10. Lower oil seal; 101. Oil filling port. Detailed Implementation

[0021] Please see Figures 1-7 The present invention provides a passive mechanical constant pressure oil replenishment variable displacement hydraulic vibration isolation support, comprising: an upper support 1, a lower support 2, a reinforcing steel plate 3, a flow channel 4, an oil replenishment mechanism 5, and a sealing membrane 6. The upper support 1 is connected to the lower support 2 by a reinforcing steel plate 3. The upper support 1 has an upper oil chamber 14 inside, and the lower support 2 has a lower oil chamber 24 inside. The upper oil chamber 14 and the lower oil chamber 24 are connected by a flow channel 4. A sealing membrane 6 is installed in the lower oil chamber 24, and an oil replenishment mechanism 5 is installed on one side of the lower support 2.

[0022] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 1As shown, the lower support 2 serves as the overall load-bearing foundation, providing stable support for the upper support 1 and ensuring the installation accuracy and load-bearing reliability of the upper support 1. The reinforcing steel plate 3 is set at the connection between the upper support 1 and the lower support 2 to enhance the structural strength and connection stiffness of the connection between the two, effectively suppressing the deformation of the connection between the upper support 1 and the lower support 2, and improving the stability and fatigue resistance of the overall structure.

[0023] In this embodiment, the sealing membrane 6 is installed inside the lower oil chamber 24, dividing the lower oil chamber 24 into two independent enclosed areas, one of which is a hydraulic oil receiving area (e.g., Figure 1 (As shown in region B), the other is a gas containment area (such as...) Figure 1 As shown in area A), the sealing membrane 6 effectively isolates hydraulic oil from compressed gas, preventing mutual penetration and ensuring normal operation. The volume of the upper oil chamber 14 is smaller than that of the lower oil chamber 24. Both the upper oil chamber 14 and the lower oil chamber 24 have hydraulic oil storage areas, and they are connected by the flow channel 4. During operation, the hydraulic oil in the upper oil chamber 14 can flow unidirectionally into the hydraulic oil storage area of ​​the lower oil chamber 24 along the flow channel 4. Conversely, the hydraulic oil in the lower oil chamber 24 can also flow back to the upper oil chamber 14 through the flow channel 4, achieving bidirectional flow of hydraulic oil.

[0024] In this embodiment, the oil replenishment mechanism 5 is connected to the hydraulic oil receiving area of ​​the lower oil chamber 24. Its core function is to replenish the hydraulic oil in the lower oil chamber 24 in real time. When the hydraulic oil pressure in this area is insufficient, the oil replenishment mechanism 5 can replenish the hydraulic oil in time to ensure that the hydraulic oil pressure in the lower oil chamber 24 is maintained within the preset balance range and to ensure the stability of operation.

[0025] Furthermore, the upper support 1 includes: an upper top cover 11, an upper base 12, and an upper limit member 13; The upper base 12 is slidably connected to the upper top cover 11, and the connection is provided with an upper oil seal 7. An upper limit member 13 is provided on the outer wall of the upper base 12 near the upper top cover 11, and the upper limit member 13 limits the upper top cover 11 to prevent it from falling off.

[0026] Furthermore, the lower support 2 includes: a lower top cover 21, a lower base 22, and a lower limiting member 23; The lower base 22 is fixedly connected to the lower top cover 21, and a lower oil seal 10 is provided at the connection. A lower limit member 23 is provided on the outer wall of the lower base 22 near the lower top cover 21.

[0027] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 1As shown, this type of oil seal possesses excellent oil resistance and sealing reliability, effectively blocking hydraulic oil leakage paths and ensuring sealing performance. The structure and working principle of the upper oil seal 7 and the lower oil seal 10 are existing technologies and will not be further elaborated here.

[0028] Furthermore, the flow channel 4 includes: a main body 41, a main flow channel 42, a secondary flow channel 43, a fastener 44, and a thread 45; The outer wall of the main body 41 is provided with threads 45, and fasteners 44 are provided on the inner walls of the upper base 12 and the lower top cover 21. The main body 41 is connected to the fasteners 44 through threads 45. The main body 41 has a main flow channel 42 that is connected to the upper oil cavity 14 at one end and to the lower oil cavity 24 at the other end. Multiple secondary flow channels 43 connected to the main flow channel 42 are provided on the outside of the main flow channel 42.

[0029] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, when this application is in the pressure-induced energy dissipation stage, the specific scenario is that the upper cover 11 is subjected to a vertical load caused by external factors (such as vertical seismic waves from an earthquake, vehicle traffic load on a bridge deck, etc.). The upper cover 11 will displace downwards in the vertical direction, thereby squeezing the hydraulic oil in the upper oil chamber 14 below it. The squeezed hydraulic oil will enter the main flow channel 42 of the flow channel 4. Since the opening direction of the multiple secondary flow channels 43 provided in the flow channel 4 is consistent with the flow direction of the hydraulic oil at this time, the hydraulic oil will flow in a low-resistance form and quickly flow into the hydraulic oil receiving area of ​​the lower oil chamber 24 through the main flow channel 42 (flow direction as shown in the diagram). Figure 2 (As indicated by the middle arrow). As the amount of hydraulic oil in the lower oil chamber 24 increases, the hydraulic oil exerts a compressive force on the sealing membrane 6, causing the sealing membrane 6 to undergo elastic deformation upwards in the vertical direction, thereby compressing the compressed air in the lower oil chamber 24. During this process, the impact energy from the external load is converted into the elastic potential energy of the deformation of the sealing membrane 6 and the compressed air, enabling the upper cover 11 to achieve a smooth and stable downward movement, effectively ensuring the vertical stability of the bridge structure.

[0030] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3As shown, when this application is in the rebound speed control stage, specifically when the vertical load on the upper cover 11 completely disappears, the compressed air in the gas receiving area of ​​the lower oil chamber 24 begins to release elastic potential energy and expands, thereby pushing the sealing diaphragm 6 to reset vertically downwards. During the reset process, the sealing diaphragm 6 exerts a squeezing effect on the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic oil receiving area of ​​the lower oil chamber 24, causing the hydraulic oil to flow back into the flow channel 4 and into the upper oil chamber 14. During the hydraulic oil return process, multiple secondary flow channels 43 interfere with the hydraulic oil, causing the hydraulic oil to flow into the upper oil chamber 14 with high damping resistance (flow direction as shown). Figure 3 (As shown by the solid line and dashed arrow), this high damping effect effectively slows down the filling speed of hydraulic oil in the upper oil chamber 14, thereby reducing the rebound reset rate of the upper top cover 11, which can effectively avoid secondary impact damage to the structure caused by rapid rebound and extend the service life of the bridge structure.

[0031] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 1 As shown, the upper limit stop 13 can achieve a bidirectional anti-detachment limiting function. Its specific functions are as follows: The upper top surface of the upper limit stop 13 can limit the maximum downward compression displacement of the upper cover 11. By limiting the downward sinking amplitude of the upper cover 11, the total amount of hydraulic oil entering the hydraulic oil receiving area of ​​the lower oil chamber 24 is indirectly controlled, thereby preventing the sealing membrane 6 from being damaged due to excessive stretching. The lower bottom surface of the upper limit stop 13 can limit the maximum upward pulling displacement of the upper cover 11, effectively preventing the upper cover 11 from detaching from the overall structure. In addition, this application can be adapted to the actual scenario where vertical seismic waves occur before transverse seismic waves under seismic conditions. When vertical seismic waves are acting, the bridge structure can be subjected to efficient and stable seismic isolation and buffering operations, effectively weakening the impact of subsequent transverse seismic waves on the overall bridge structure and improving the bridge's seismic resistance.

[0032] It should be noted that the mating connection structure adopted by the main body 41 and the fastener 44 can ensure that there is no loosening or hydraulic oil leakage at the connection point, and at the same time, it has the characteristics of convenient loading and unloading, which facilitates the maintenance and repair of the equipment in the later stage.

[0033] Furthermore, both ends of the sealing membrane 6 are connected to the inner wall of the lower base 22, and the middle part of the sealing membrane 6 is connected to the outer wall of the flow channel 4 near the interior of the lower oil cavity 24. The sealing membrane 6 has a double-layer structure.

[0034] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 1As shown, the sealing membrane 6 is made of nitrile rubber and has an overall double-layer composite structure. The inner and outer membranes perform different sealing and isolation functions, forming a dual sealing and protection system. The inner membrane of the sealing membrane 6 is in direct contact with the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic oil receiving area of ​​the lower oil chamber 24, primarily for effective isolation of the hydraulic oil. The outer membrane, on the other hand, is in contact with the compressed air in the gas receiving area of ​​the lower oil chamber 24, providing isolation and protection for the compressed air.

[0035] As a preferred embodiment, the double-layer structure design of the sealing membrane 6 achieves complete isolation between hydraulic oil and compressed air, preventing oil-air cross-contamination and ensuring the independence of the two areas within the lower oil chamber 24. Simultaneously, the sealing membrane 6 undergoes only elastic deformation during operation, without any sliding friction, fundamentally solving the technical problems of sealing failure and hydraulic oil leakage caused by friction and wear in traditional sealing structures. This effectively improves the service life of the sealing membrane 6 and the reliability of its operation.

[0036] Furthermore, the oil replenishment mechanism 5 includes: outer shell 51, inner shell 52, bracket 53, feed screw 54, feed nut 55, energy storage ring 56, piston 57, drive assembly 58, and perforated disc 59; The outer shell 51 contains an inner shell 52 and a bracket 53. A feed nut 55 is rotatably fixedly connected to the bracket 53. The end of the feed nut 55 away from the bracket 53 is connected to the energy storage ring 56. The end of the energy storage ring 56 away from the feed nut 55 is connected to the perforated disk 59. The feed screw 54 is threadedly connected to the feed nut 55 and can slide through the perforated disk 59, the energy storage ring 56 and the bracket 53 respectively. A drive assembly 58 is provided on the inner wall of the outer shell 51. One end of the feed screw 54 is connected to the piston 57, and the outer wall of the piston 57 is slidably connected to the outer wall of the inner shell 52 and the inner wall of the outer shell 51.

[0037] Furthermore, an oil replenishment chamber 510 is formed between the end of the piston 57 away from the feed screw 54, the inner wall of the outer shell 51, the outer wall of the inner shell 52 and the outer wall of the lower base 22. A cavity 511 is formed between the inner wall of the inner shell 52, the inner wall of the outer shell 51 and the outer wall of the lower base 22. The oil replenishment chamber 510 is connected to the lower oil cavity 24 through a one-way valve 512, and the cavity 511 is connected to the lower oil cavity 24 through a trigger port 513.

[0038] Furthermore, the drive assembly 58 includes: a base 581, a spring 582, a push rod 583, a sealing plug 584, a probe 585, and a connecting rod 586; The base 581 is disposed on the inner wall of the outer shell 51, the spring 582 is disposed on the side of the base 581 away from the inner wall of the outer shell 51, the push rod 583 slides through the bracket 53 and the inner shell 52 in sequence, and one end of it is connected to the sealing plug 584, and the other end is connected to the spring 582. The sealing plug 584 is slidably connected in the trigger port 513. One end of the connecting rod 586 is rotatably connected to the end of the push rod 583 near the spring 582, and the other end is connected to the probe 585. The middle part of the connecting rod 586 is rotatably mounted on the inner wall of the housing 51.

[0039] Furthermore, a spiral spring 561 is installed inside the energy storage ring 56, which can drive the feed nut 55 and the perforated disc 59 to rotate.

[0040] Furthermore, the perforated disk 59 has multiple locking holes 591 on its circumference, and each locking hole 591 can be locked with the probe 585.

[0041] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown ( Figure 4 and Figure 5 (This is a top-view cross-sectional view). When this application enters the constant pressure oil replenishment stage, the triggering condition is that the internal pressure in the hydraulic oil receiving area of ​​the lower oil chamber 24 drops to a preset threshold due to a slight leakage. The specific working process is as follows: After the hydraulic oil pressure in the hydraulic oil receiving area of ​​the lower oil chamber 24 decreases, the sealing plug 584 loses the supporting force of the hydraulic oil. Under the elastic force of the spring 582, the sealing plug 584 drives the push rod 583 to move linearly to the inside of the hydraulic oil receiving area of ​​the lower oil chamber 24 (the direction of movement is as follows). Figure 4 (As shown by the arrow on the upper middle side). As push rod 583 moves, connecting rod 586 swings around the hinge point, thereby causing probe 585 to disengage from the multi-hole disk 59 (movement direction as shown). Figure 4 (As shown by the arrow on the lower middle side). The cooperation relationship between the probe 585 and the porous disk 59 is specifically the fitting and positioning cooperation between the probe 585 and the multiple locking holes 591 evenly distributed along the circumference on the porous disk 59.

[0042] In this embodiment, after the probe 585 disengages from the perforated disk 59, the spring 561 inside the energy storage ring 56 is released from its locked state and begins to rotate, releasing energy. Simultaneously, it drives the feed nut 55 to rotate synchronously. Based on the threaded meshing transmission relationship between the feed nut 55 and the feed screw 54, the feed screw 54 moves along its own axial direction towards the hydraulic oil receiving area of ​​the lower oil chamber 24, and the piston 57 connected to the feed screw 54 moves synchronously in the same direction. The movement of the piston 57 exerts a squeezing effect on the spare hydraulic oil in the replenishment chamber 510, causing the spare hydraulic oil to flow into the hydraulic oil receiving area of ​​the lower oil chamber 24, achieving pressure compensation in this area and ensuring that the hydraulic oil receiving area of ​​the lower oil chamber 24 always maintains a preset constant pressure environment.

[0043] It should be noted that when the hydraulic oil pressure in this area returns to the preset value, the hydraulic oil generates a reverse thrust on the sealing plug 584, pushing the sealing plug 584 to move the push rod 583 away from the hydraulic oil receiving area of ​​the lower oil chamber 24 to reset. The connecting rod 586 swings back to reset simultaneously, thereby driving the probe 585 to re-embed into the locking hole 591 of the multi-hole disk 59, realizing the coordinated reset of the two. At this time, the spring 561 re-enters the locked state, and the constant pressure oil replenishment operation terminates. In this embodiment, the spring 561 is a planar spiral spring, which is existing technology and will not be described in detail here.

[0044] As a preferred embodiment, the oil replenishment mechanism 5 provided in this application can realize automatic pressure compensation of the hydraulic oil accommodating area of ​​the lower oil chamber 24. When the pressure of the lower oil chamber 24 drops due to a slight leakage, the oil replenishment operation can be automatically triggered to replenish the hydraulic oil in time to maintain a constant pressure environment in the area. No manual, electronic control or pneumatic device intervention is required, which ensures long-term stable operation and reduces maintenance costs.

[0045] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 1 As shown, this application has an oil inlet 8 on the upper base 12, the core function of which is to inject hydraulic oil into the upper oil chamber 14 for initial filling and subsequent hydraulic oil replenishment. Correspondingly, air inlets 9 are provided on the reinforcing steel plate 3 and the lower top cover 21 for injecting compressed air into the gas-receiving area of ​​the lower oil chamber 24, ensuring the initial air pressure and subsequent air pressure replenishment in this area. An oil replenishment port 101 is provided on the outer shell 51 for injecting reserve hydraulic oil into the oil replenishment chamber 510, providing a medium reserve for constant pressure oil replenishment operations. A one-way valve 512 is provided at the connection between the lower base 22 and the oil replenishment chamber 510. This one-way valve 512 enables one-way flow control of the hydraulic oil, ensuring that the reserve hydraulic oil in the oil replenishment chamber 510 can only flow unidirectionally to the hydraulic oil-receiving area of ​​the lower oil chamber 24, effectively preventing backflow of hydraulic oil and ensuring the reliability of the oil replenishment operation.

[0046] It is important to note that when the spare hydraulic oil in the replenishing chamber 510 is completely consumed, the elastic potential energy stored in the spring 561 in the energy storage ring 56 is also completely released. At this time, spare hydraulic oil can be injected into the replenishing chamber 510 through the replenishing port 101. During the injection process, the hydraulic oil generates a thrust on the piston 57, which drives the feed screw 54 to move axially away from the hydraulic oil receiving area of ​​the lower oil chamber 24. Through the threaded engagement of the feed screw 54 and the feed nut 55, the feed nut 55 rotates with the movement of the feed screw 54, thereby driving the spring 561 to rotate synchronously and complete the energy storage operation, so that the spring 561 returns to the ready-to-release state, preparing for the next round of constant pressure replenishment operation.

[0047] In practice, the assembly of each component is completed first. Hydraulic oil is injected into the upper oil chamber 14 through the oil inlet 8, compressed air is injected into the gas-containing area of ​​the lower oil chamber 24 through the air inlet 9, and spare hydraulic oil is injected into the replenishment chamber 510 through the replenishment port 101. The one-way valve 512 ensures that the spare hydraulic oil can only flow unidirectionally into the hydraulic oil-containing area of ​​the lower oil chamber 24. When subjected to an external vertical load, the upper cover 11 moves downward and squeezes the hydraulic oil in the upper oil chamber 14. The hydraulic oil flows into the hydraulic oil-containing area of ​​the lower oil chamber 24 through the flow channel 4 with low resistance, squeezing the deformation of the sealing diaphragm 6 and compressing the air in the gas-containing area, thus achieving pressure-induced energy dissipation. When the vertical load disappears, the compressed air expands and pushes the sealing diaphragm 6 to reset, and the hydraulic oil flows back to the upper oil chamber 14 through the flow channel 4 with high damping, achieving rebound speed control. The upper limit component 13 provides bidirectional anti-detachment limit throughout the process, protecting the sealing diaphragm 6 from damage and preventing the upper cover 11 from detaching. When the pressure in the hydraulic oil reservoir of the oil chamber 24 drops due to a slight leakage, the oil replenishment mechanism 5 is triggered to automatically replenish oil. After the pressure is restored, the oil replenishment stops. After the spare hydraulic oil in the oil replenishment chamber 510 is exhausted, oil can be injected through the oil replenishment port 101 and the spring 561 can be driven to store power to prepare for the next round of oil replenishment. The whole process is adapted to the earthquake conditions to achieve the stability, seismic isolation and protection of the bridge.

[0048] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A passive mechanical constant pressure oil replenishment variable displacement hydraulic vibration isolation bearing, characterized in that: include: Upper support (1), lower support (2), reinforcing steel plate (3), flow channel (4), oil replenishment mechanism (5), and sealing membrane (6); The upper support (1) is connected to the lower support (2) through the reinforcing steel plate (3). The upper support (1) has an upper oil cavity (14) inside, and the lower support (2) has a lower oil cavity (24) inside. The upper oil cavity (14) and the lower oil cavity (24) are connected through the flow channel (4). The lower oil cavity (24) is provided with the sealing membrane (6), and the lower support (2) is provided with the oil replenishment mechanism (5) on one side.

2. The passive mechanical constant pressure oil replenishment variable displacement hydraulic vibration isolation bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper support (1) includes: an upper top cover (11), an upper base (12), and an upper limit member (13); The upper base (12) is slidably connected to the upper top cover (11), and an upper oil seal (7) is provided at the connection. The upper limit member (13) is provided on the outer wall of the upper base (12) near the upper top cover (11), and the upper limit member (13) limits the upper top cover (11) to prevent it from falling off.

3. The passive mechanical constant pressure oil replenishment variable displacement hydraulic vibration isolation bearing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The lower support (2) includes: a lower top cover (21), a lower base (22), and a lower limiting member (23); The lower base (22) is fixedly connected to the lower top cover (21), and a lower oil seal (10) is provided at the connection. The lower limit member (23) is provided on the outer wall of the lower base (22) near the lower top cover (21).

4. The passive mechanical constant pressure oil replenishment variable displacement hydraulic vibration isolation bearing according to claim 3, characterized in that: The flow channel (4) includes: a body (41), a main flow channel (42), a secondary flow channel (43), a fastener (44), and a thread (45); The outer wall of the main body (41) is provided with the thread (45), and the fastener (44) is provided on the inner wall of the upper base (12) and the lower top cover (21). The main body (41) is connected to the fastener (44) through the thread (45). The main body (41) has a main flow channel (42) that is connected to the upper oil cavity (14) at one end and to the lower oil cavity (24) at the other end. Multiple secondary flow channels (43) are provided on the outside of the main flow channel (42) and are connected to it.

5. The passive mechanical constant pressure oil replenishment variable displacement hydraulic vibration isolation bearing according to claim 3, characterized in that: Both ends of the sealing membrane (6) are connected to the inner wall of the lower base (22), and the middle part of the sealing membrane (6) is connected to the outer wall of the flow channel (4) near the interior of the lower oil cavity (24). The sealing membrane (6) has a double-layer structure.

6. The passive mechanical constant pressure oil replenishment variable displacement hydraulic vibration isolation bearing according to claim 3, characterized in that: The oil replenishment mechanism (5) includes: outer shell (51), inner shell (52), bracket (53), feed screw (54), feed nut (55), energy storage ring (56), piston (57), drive assembly (58) and perforated disk (59); The outer shell (51) contains an inner shell (52) and a bracket (53). The feed nut (55) is rotatably fixedly connected to the bracket (53). The end of the feed nut (55) away from the bracket (53) is connected to the energy storage ring (56). The end of the energy storage ring (56) away from the feed nut (55) is connected to the perforated disk (59). The feed screw (54) is threadedly connected to the feed nut (55) and slidably passes through the perforated disk (59), the energy storage ring (56), and the bracket (53). The drive assembly (58) is provided on the inner wall of the outer shell (51). One end of the feed screw (54) is connected to the piston (57), and the outer wall of the piston (57) is slidably connected to the outer wall of the inner shell (52) and the inner wall of the outer shell (51).

7. A passive mechanical constant pressure oil replenishment variable displacement hydraulic vibration isolation bearing according to claim 6, characterized in that: An oil replenishment chamber (510) is formed between the end of the piston (57) away from the feed screw (54), the inner wall of the outer shell (51), the outer wall of the inner shell (52), and the outer wall of the lower base (22). A cavity (511) is formed between the inner wall of the inner shell (52), the inner wall of the outer shell (51), and the outer wall of the lower base (22). The oil replenishment chamber (510) is connected to the lower oil chamber (24) through a one-way valve (512). The cavity (511) is connected to the lower oil chamber (24) through a trigger port (513).

8. The passive mechanical constant pressure oil replenishment variable displacement hydraulic vibration isolation bearing according to claim 7, characterized in that: The drive assembly (58) includes: a base (581), a spring (582), a push rod (583), a sealing plug (584), a probe (585), and a connecting rod (586); The base (581) is disposed on the inner wall of the outer shell (51), the spring (582) is disposed on the side of the base (581) away from the inner wall of the outer shell (51), the push rod (583) slides through the bracket (53) and the inner shell (52) in sequence, and one end of the push rod is connected to the sealing plug (584), and the other end is connected to the spring (582). The sealing plug (584) is slidably connected in the trigger port (513). One end of the connecting rod (586) is rotatably connected to the end of the push rod (583) near the spring (582), and the other end is connected to the probe (585). The middle part of the connecting rod (586) is rotatably disposed on the inner wall of the outer shell (51).

9. A passive mechanical constant pressure oil replenishing variable displacement hydraulic vibration isolation bearing according to claim 6, characterized in that: The energy storage ring (56) is provided with a spiral spring (561), which can drive the feed nut (55) and the perforated disc (59) to rotate.

10. A passive mechanical constant pressure oil replenishing variable displacement hydraulic vibration isolation bearing according to claim 8, characterized in that: The porous disk (59) has multiple locking holes (591) on its circumference, and each locking hole (591) can be locked with the probe (585).

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