Self-triggering bulging masonry arch bridge abutment water diversion reinforcing device

Abstract

The application discloses a self-triggering bulging type masonry arch bridge arch foot water diversion reinforcing device, and belongs to the technical field of ancient bridge protection and bridge flood resistance reinforcement. The device comprises an L-shaped fiber-reinforced constraint armor, an elastic framework arc-shaped flow guide wing, a top counterweight release unit and a double-layer composite anchoring system. The L-shaped fiber-reinforced constraint armor is pasted and wrapped around the arch foot masonry to constrain the stone blocks. The elastic framework arc-shaped flow guide wing is normally folded and pasted on the wall, and when flood comes, water flows into the gap and triggers the elastic support framework to pop up by means of hydrostatic pressure, thereby forming a 1 / 4 circular arc flow guide surface to change the flow state. The top counterweight release unit automatically falls off to release the counterweight powder after the flow guide wing is unfolded in place, and the counterweight powder increases in weight when meeting water. The double-layer composite anchoring system anchors the flow guide wing to the masonry mortar joint. The application is self-triggered by relying on flood energy, does not need external power, sets instant-sediment accumulation double counterweights, provides internal and external double protection, follows the minimum intervention principle of cultural relics and ancient bridges, eliminates the root cause of the flow impact on the arch foot, provides reliable structural constraint for the arch foot of the masonry arch bridge, and improves the flood resistance of the ancient bridge in the flood season.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ancient bridge protection and bridge flood control reinforcement technology, and in particular to an adaptive bulging water diversion reinforcement device for the arch foot of a brick and stone arch bridge. Background Technology

[0002] Under the impact of floods, the stones at the bottom of the arch shoulder walls of brick and stone arch bridges are easily eroded and washed away by the water flow, causing the stones to loosen and fall off. Since the stones at the bottom of the arch shoulder walls provide lateral restraint for the arch foot, once these stones are washed away, the arch foot will lose its lateral support, which will lead to the instability and failure of the arch, and eventually the gradual collapse of the structure.

[0003] Currently, the main methods for flood-resistant reinforcement of the arch foot of masonry arch bridges are as follows:

[0004] Rockfill and gabion protection: Only rocks or gabions are placed around the piers to prevent riverbed erosion and bottom scouring, but it cannot solve the problem of lateral impact of water flow on the stones at the bottom of the arch shoulder wall, and the rocks are easily washed away by floods.

[0005] Fiber-reinforced composite reinforcement: Loose stones are bound together as a whole by bonding carbon fiber or glass fiber cloth to the surface of the masonry. This method can improve the overall structural integrity, but it cannot change the flow pattern of water, and the impact and scouring of water on the arch foot still exist.

[0006] Setting up independent water diversion points: Setting up independent concrete or stone water diversion points on the upstream side of the bridge piers to guide the water flow around them. However, this method involves a large amount of construction work, causes significant disturbance to the ancient bridge structure, and is not suitable for non-independent pier locations such as the bottom of the arch shoulder wall, as it is difficult to achieve a tight fit with the masonry surface.

[0007] In summary, existing technologies cannot simultaneously solve the following two core problems: first, how to fundamentally change the flow pattern of water to eliminate the direct impact and scouring of the water flow on the stones at the bottom of the arch foot and arch shoulder wall; and second, how to provide reliable permanent structural constraints for the arch foot without damaging the ancient bridge itself. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide an adaptive bulging water diversion reinforcement device for the arch foot of a masonry arch bridge. Under the action of floodwater, it can automatically bulge to form an arc-shaped water diversion structure, effectively guiding the water flow away from the bottom joint of the arch shoulder wall, reducing the direct impact of the water flow on the arch foot and the bottom scouring, while providing permanent structural constraints for the masonry and improving the flood resistance of the masonry arch bridge.

[0009] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0010] A self-triggering bulging type water diversion reinforcement device for the arch foot of a masonry arch bridge includes:

[0011] L-shaped fiber-reinforced restraint armor, made of fiber-reinforced composite material, is used to fix and wrap the inner side of the arch foot facing the bridge opening and the bottom of the arch shoulder wall with adhesive to restrain the masonry blocks in the area as a whole;

[0012] An elastic skeleton arc-shaped guide wing is fixed to the outer side of the flow-facing surface of the L-shaped fiber-reinforced restraint armor. The elastic skeleton arc-shaped guide wing includes a waterproof flexible cloth bag and an elastic support skeleton set inside the cloth bag. The cloth bag is normally folded in a wave shape and lies flat against the surface of the armor. The wave shape folds form a pre-set groove and gap. When a flood comes, the water flows into the space between the cloth bag and the armor from the groove and gap. The hydrostatic pressure pushes the cloth bag outward, triggering the elastic support skeleton to bounce up and expand the cloth bag to form an arc-shaped guide and water-dividing surface with a 1 / 4 arc cross section, which guides the water flow to the bridge hole area directly below the arch.

[0013] The top counterweight release unit includes a detachable counterweight storage compartment, which is normally suspended on the outside of the top elastic support rib; after triggering, the entire storage compartment slides down along the outside of the bag to the bottom of the guide wing, and the powder inside absorbs water and increases in weight to form a stable counterweight layer.

[0014] A double-layer composite anchoring system is used to fix the elastic skeleton arc-shaped guide vane to the masonry.

[0015] Furthermore, the elastic support frame includes:

[0016] Multiple elastic support ribs are arranged side by side along the height of the wall. Each elastic support rib is prefabricated as a 1 / 4 arc of the same arc length. The root of the elastic support rib is provided with a 90-degree bend section, which is pressed and fixed to the arch side of the L-shaped fiber-reinforced restraint armor.

[0017] Multiple diagonal braces are positioned between adjacent elastic support ribs. Each brace extends diagonally upwards from near the free end of the lower elastic rib to near the root of the upper elastic rib, forming a spatial truss structure. This spatial truss structure, composed of multiple diagonal braces and adjacent elastic ribs, transforms the cantilever force borne by a single rib into the overall frame force, effectively dispersing and transferring flood impact loads. This significantly improves the overall stiffness and resistance to water flow impact of the guide vane, ensuring its stable support under high-flow-rate flood conditions, preventing collapse and destruction.

[0018] Furthermore, the elastic support rib is made of fiberglass-reinforced polyurethane strips with a rectangular cross-section, 3mm thick and 12mm wide, prefabricated as a quarter-circular arc. The arc length is determined based on the distance from the arch shoulder wall to the bridge opening, ranging from 0.5 to 1.2m, and can be 30 to 50cm for small arch bridges. A 90-degree bend section with a bending length of 5-8cm is reserved at the root of the elastic rib. The prefabricated quarter-circular arc section forms a streamlined guiding surface, which can conform to the flow direction and reduce the impact resistance of water flow; its continuous arc transition can reduce stress concentration, making the load more evenly distributed along the arc surface, and making the device more stable. At the same time, the 90° bend section at the root forms a geometric fit with the L-shaped armor, increasing the contact area, thereby improving the overall structural stability of the device and enhancing the structure's resistance to flood impact.

[0019] Furthermore, the diagonal brace uses the same fiberglass-reinforced polyurethane strip as the elastic rib, with a slightly thinner cross-section, 2mm thick and 8mm wide. The two ends of the diagonal brace are connected by stitching or snap-fitting to the vicinity of the free end of the lower elastic rib and the vicinity of the root of the upper elastic rib, respectively. In this design, the diagonal brace material is the same as the elastic rib, exhibiting consistent thermal deformation performance and durability, which reduces additional stress at the interface of dissimilar materials. Its slightly thinner cross-section and larger width-to-thickness ratio do not excessively constrain the flexible deformation of the main rib, resulting in less disturbance to water flow. The stitching or snap-fitting connection at both ends forms a flexible or semi-rigid node, allowing for a certain degree of slippage and rotation. Under impact or reciprocating loads, it can dissipate energy through friction and deformation, reducing stress concentration at the node and improving the ductility, toughness, and fatigue resistance of the device structure. Simultaneously, it facilitates assembly, adjustment, and partial replacement, which is beneficial for construction and maintenance.

[0020] Furthermore, the unfolded cross-section of the waterproof flexible bag is a quarter-circular arc, formed by a first right-angled side, a second right-angled side, and an arc edge. The first right-angled side is fixed to the wall, the second right-angled side is the free end edge, and the arc edge is the flow guiding surface. An elastic reinforcing strip running through the second right-angled side along the height direction is provided, connecting to the free ends of all elastic support ribs. This quarter-circular arc cross-section conforms to the streamline characteristics of water flow, and the arc surface guides the flow, reducing water flow resistance. At the same time, the elastic reinforcing strip at the free end connects with each elastic support rib to form an integrated force-bearing system, improving the overall structural stability.

[0021] Furthermore, the top counterweight release unit includes:

[0022] The detachable counterweight storage compartment is internally encapsulated with water-reacting counterweight powder; the back of the storage compartment has a hanging ring, which is used to suspend it on the hook on the outside of the top elastic support rib.

[0023] Locking pins and inserting hooks prevent storage compartments from accidentally falling off;

[0024] The trigger cable is connected to a locking pin at one end and fixed to a double-layer composite anchoring system at the root of the first right-angle side of the fabric bag at the other end. During floods, it can sensitively detect structural displacement and quickly transfer it to the locking pin, achieving low-threshold, rapid triggering. The double-layer composite anchoring system provides reliable anchoring for the cable, with a clear force transmission path, making it less prone to slippage or loosening. In non-flood conditions, there is no significant deformation in the anchoring zone, and the cable remains pre-tensioned below the trigger threshold, effectively preventing false triggering caused by wind vibration, temperature fluctuations, and minor disturbances.

[0025] Furthermore, during the expansion and bulging of the elastic support ribs, the top elastic ribs move outwards, and the cable is gradually tightened; when the elastic ribs expand to the preset detachment stroke, the cable pulls out the locking pin, the storage compartment falls off the hook, and slides down the outer arc surface of the bag to the bottom of the guide wing.

[0026] Furthermore, the water-reacting weight-adjusting powder is composed of highly absorbent resin particles and barite powder mixed in a 1:1 volume ratio. The highly absorbent resin is sodium polyacrylate, which absorbs hundreds of times its own weight in water upon contact with water to form a high-density gel. Initially in powder form, it is lightweight and small in volume, facilitating storage, transportation, and installation. Upon contact with water, the highly absorbent resin absorbs water to form a high-density gel, which, together with the barite powder, forms a weight-adjusting body, increasing the device's self-weight and improving its anti-slip, anti-buoyancy, and overall stability. Moreover, the weight-adjusting process is automatically completed by water triggering, requiring no additional mechanical fixing or filling operations.

[0027] Furthermore, the waterproof flexible bag is made of TPU coated fabric or PVC mesh fabric.

[0028] Furthermore, the bottom outer side of the waterproof flexible bag is provided with an outwardly extending silt-retention skirt, the edge of which is turned up to form a silt deposition trough; the silt carried by the flood is intercepted and settled at the skirt, accumulating gradually to form a natural counterweight layer. After the storage compartment slides into place, it together with the silt-retention skirt to form a double bottom counterweight system.

[0029] Furthermore, the L-shaped fiber-reinforced confinement armor is constructed by continuously applying 2-3 layers of E-glass fiber cloth wet-to-wet, with a total thickness of 3-5 mm, using a matching underwater-curing epoxy resin adhesive. A third layer is added at the L-shaped corners, bottom, and anchoring areas as a local reinforcement layer. This adhesive-type fiber-reinforced composite armor is lightweight, high-strength, and easy to install. It can be continuously applied along L-shaped corners and curved surfaces, and after reinforcement, it does not significantly increase the original component's weight or affect the structural shape. The continuous wet-to-wet application of E-glass fiber cloth, with additional layers at corners, bottom, and anchoring areas, further improves the crack resistance, impact resistance, and anchoring load-bearing capacity in high-stress areas. The matching underwater-curing epoxy resin ensures reliable adhesion in humid or underwater environments.

[0030] Furthermore, the bottom of the L-shaped fiber-reinforced restraint armor is provided with a horizontally extending anti-scouring plate, and 3-4 layers of fiberglass cloth are laid on it, which is buried or flatly attached to the riverbed at the bottom of the arch foot to cut off the scouring path of the water flow on the bottom surface of the arch foot.

[0031] Furthermore, the dual-layer composite anchoring system includes:

[0032] The flexible restraint layer is composed of the extension section reserved during the construction of the L-shaped fiber-reinforced restraint armor. It is used to wrap the 90-degree bent section at the root of the elastic support rib, forming a co-cured integral connection.

[0033] A rigid locking layer, located outside the flexible constraint layer, includes a stainless steel strip and a chemical anchor; the stainless steel strip presses onto the fiber cloth area that has been wrapped with the flexible rib bending section; the chemical anchor penetrates the strip and the fiber cloth and is embedded deep into the masonry mortar joint.

[0034] Furthermore, the stainless steel pressure strip is made of 316L stainless steel, with a thickness of 3mm, a width of 35-40mm, and rounded corners R≥5mm at both ends; the chemical anchor bolts are M10, with a hole spacing of 150-200mm, and are staggered.

[0035] Furthermore, a 0.5mm thick rubber pad is pre-insulated between the stainless steel pressure strip and the fiber cloth to protect the fiber cloth and distribute the pressure evenly.

[0036] Working principle:

[0037] During normal times (dry season): The elastic support ribs are wrapped and pressed tightly by wavy, folded fabric bags, lying flat against the armor surface. The elastic support ribs are in a low-stress folded state, with the diagonal braces relaxed and bent. Storage compartments are suspended from the outside of the top elastic ribs via hanging rings and locking pins, folded against the wall along with the fabric bags. The cables are relaxed. The entire device does not occupy the river channel cross-section and does not affect daily flood control or the bridge landscape.

[0038] Flood Trigger Phase: As the floodwaters rise, water flows into the gap between the bag and the armor through the pre-designed grooves in the bag's wavy folds. The incoming water generates hydrostatic pressure, pushing the bag outward from the inside. Once the bag is pushed open, the constraint on the elastic support ribs is released.

[0039] Inflation and Deployment Stage: The elastic support ribs release their stored elastic energy, springing back to their prefabricated quarter-circle shape. All elastic ribs spring up simultaneously, collectively expanding the fabric bag. As the elastic ribs expand, the diagonal braces between adjacent elastic ribs are straightened and tightened, forming a spatial truss and enhancing overall rigidity. The elastic reinforcing strip on the second right-angled side of the fabric bag maintains the shape of the free-end edge.

[0040] Counterweight Release Phase: The top elastic rib springs open, causing the storage compartment suspended on its outer side to move outward. When the elastic rib springs open to the preset detachment stroke, the cable connecting the locking pin and the anchor point is taut. The elastic rib continues to spring open, and the cable pulls out the locking pin. The hook releases, and the storage compartment detaches from the outside of the elastic rib, sliding down the curved outer surface of the expanded bag to the bottom of the guide vane. After the storage compartment is in place, it presses down on the bottom edge of the bag, and the powder inside absorbs water and increases in weight, forming an immediate counterweight.

[0041] During the water diversion phase: the inflated guide vanes form a quarter-circular water-diversion surface, smoothly guiding the water flow that would otherwise directly impact the bottom joint of the arch shoulder wall to the main channel of the bridge opening directly below the arch. The direct impact and lateral scouring of the water flow on the stones at the bottom of the arch shoulder wall are eliminated at the source. Storage compartments weigh down the bottom of the fabric bags, and with the overall rigidity provided by the diagonal bracing-elastic rib space truss, the guide vanes maintain their shape stability under the continuous impact of the flood.

[0042] External sediment collection stage: Coarse sediment carried by the flood is intercepted by the sediment retention skirt on the outside of the filter bag as it flows past the bottom of the guide vane. The water flow velocity decreases at the skirt, and the sediment settles and deposits in the skirt sedimentation tank. The storage compartment itself is also blocked on the inside of the skirt, forming a double counterweight and sediment collection system with the skirt. Each flood brings new sediment, which accumulates and compacts layer by layer at the skirt, forming an external natural counterweight layer.

[0043] Post-flood settling stage: As the floodwaters recede, the water inside the bags gradually drains out. The counterweight gel inside the storage compartments slowly loses water and shrinks after the external water pressure is removed, mixing with the silt deposited at the skirt edge and hardening into a solid mass. When the next flood arrives, the remaining superabsorbent resin absorbs water again and expands, reactivating the counterweight function.

[0044] Extreme situation protection: Even if the guide wing bag is damaged by extreme floods or floating objects, the inner L-shaped fiber-reinforced restraint armor will still firmly restrain the stones at the bottom of the arch foot and the arch shoulder wall as a whole, preventing individual stones from being washed away, maintaining the lateral support of the arch foot, and allowing time for emergency repairs.

[0045] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0046] (1) Adaptive triggering, no external power required: The elastic support ribs are triggered by the hydrostatic pressure generated by the flood entering the wave channel. The whole process relies entirely on the energy of the flood itself, without the need for electricity, manual labor or any external intervention. The stronger the flood, the faster the triggering and the more significant the water diversion effect.

[0047] (2) Spatial truss structure, combining rigidity and flexibility: The elastic support ribs and diagonal braces together form the spatial truss, and the overall rigidity after unfolding is far greater than that of a single elastic rib. It can withstand the frontal impact of floods without collapsing, and can also be folded and fitted to the wall when not in use. The structure is simple, without metal hinges, and requires no maintenance.

[0048] (3) The ingenious decoupling of light trigger and heavy counterweight: The storage compartment and its internal powder are dry and light under normal conditions. They are suspended on the outside of the top elastic rib by hanging, without increasing the burden on the elastic rib when it is triggered. After triggering, the entire storage compartment slides to the bottom, and the powder absorbs water and swells into a heavy gel, thus realizing the counterweight function. The elastic rib is only responsible for opening the lightweight cloth bag and the trigger cable. The counterweight is placed in place by gravity and chemical change. The two are completely decoupled mechanically.

[0049] (4) Storage compartment-skirt double counterweight system: The storage compartment slides to the bottom to provide immediate counterweight, while the external silt retention skirt collects silt from the flood to provide long-term counterweight. The storage compartment and the skirt, one inside and one outside, together form a "immediate + long-term" double bottom counterweight system, which transforms the destructive force of the flood into reinforcement force.

[0050] (5) Double-layer composite anchoring, with force lines avoiding the weathered stone layer: The flexible restraint layer (GFRP) wraps the elastic rib bending section to form a co-cured connection; the rigid locking layer (pressure strip and chemical anchor) directly transmits the force to the structural body deep in the mortar joint. A thin rubber pad is pre-padded under the pressure strip to protect the fiber cloth. The entire force transmission path completely avoids the weathered stone surface, ensuring reliable anchoring.

[0051] (6) Dual protection, addressing both symptoms and root causes: the outer guide wing changes the flow field, eliminating the direct impact and scouring of water flow on the weak joints at the bottom of the arch shoulder wall from the source; the inner fiber armor firmly binds the masonry stones into a whole, and even if the outer layer is damaged, it can still prevent the stones from being washed away.

[0052] (7) Minimal intervention in the ancient bridge body: The main method of fixing is by pasting and mortar joint anchoring, without drilling holes in the original stone materials, in accordance with the principle of "minimum intervention" in cultural relic protection.

[0053] (8) Self-reinforcing ability that becomes more stable with use: Each flood brings new silt to be deposited on the skirt edge, making the counterweight layer thicker and more stable. After multiple floods, a natural counterweight foundation is formed at the bottom of the guide vane, and the water diversion structure continues to function even if the elastic ribs age. Attached Figure Description

[0054] Figure 1 This is an isometric view of the overall structure of the device described in the present invention in its untriggered state;

[0055] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the device in its untriggered state, installed at the water distribution area of ​​the arch foot of a brick and stone arch bridge.

[0056] Figure 3 This is an isometric view of the overall structure of the device under the triggered bulging state;

[0057] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the triggered bulging state of the device of the present invention installed in the water distribution area of ​​the arch foot of a brick and stone arch bridge. Detailed Implementation

[0058] Example 1: A method for reinforcing the water distribution at the arch foot of a self-triggered bulging masonry arch bridge, the method being as follows:

[0059] Step 1: Masonry Surface Treatment

[0060] Clean the masonry surfaces on the inner side of the arch foot, facing the bridge opening, and the bottom of the arch shoulder wall, removing dust, oil, and weathered layers. Level any uneven mortar joints with epoxy mortar. Apply a penetrating epoxy primer to the masonry surface to enhance the adhesion of subsequent bonding layers.

[0061] Step Two: Construction of L-shaped Fiber Reinforced Restraint Armor

[0062] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, E-fiberglass cloth (single layer weight 400-600g / m²) and underwater-curing epoxy resin adhesive are used. First, a layer of adhesive is applied to the prepared masonry surface. Then, the cut fiberglass cloth is continuously laid along an L-shaped path. One side of the L-shape covers the inner side of the arch foot adjacent to the bridge opening, and the other side covers the bottom of the arch shoulder wall facing the flow. Two layers are continuously laid using a wet-on-wet process, with a total thickness of approximately 2-2.5mm.

[0063] During construction, a 5-10cm wide layer of fiber cloth is left pre-existing at the edge of the upstream face, without being pasted initially. This will be used later to wrap the 90-degree bend at the base of the elastic support ribs. A third layer is added as a local reinforcement layer at the L-shaped corners, bottom, and anchoring areas, with a total local thickness of approximately 3-3.5mm. Three to four layers of fiberglass cloth are laid horizontally at the bottom of the protective layer to form a toe-protecting plate, which is then embedded in or flat against the riverbed.

[0064] Step 3: Prefabrication of the elastic skeleton arc-shaped guide vane

[0065] The flexible skeleton arc-shaped air deflector is prefabricated in the factory and is in an inward double-folded state when not triggered (e.g. Figure 1 As shown), the state after triggering the bulge is as follows: Figure 3 As shown.

[0066] The elastic support ribs are made of glass fiber reinforced polyurethane strips with a rectangular cross-section, 3mm thick and 12mm wide, prefabricated into a quarter-circle arc. The arc length is determined according to the distance from the arch shoulder wall to the bridge opening, usually 0.5-1.2m, and can be 30-50cm for small arch bridges. A 90-degree bend section is reserved at the root of the elastic rib, with a bend length of 5-8cm.

[0067] There are 3-5 elastic ribs, evenly arranged side by side along the height direction, with a spacing of 20-30cm. All elastic ribs have the same arc length.

[0068] Diagonal braces are installed between adjacent elastic ribs. The diagonal braces are made of the same fiberglass-reinforced polyurethane strips as the elastic ribs, but with a slightly thinner cross-section, 2mm thick and 8mm wide. The two ends of the diagonal braces are connected by stitching or clips to the vicinity of the free end of the lower elastic rib and the vicinity of the root of the upper elastic rib, respectively.

[0069] An elastic reinforcing strip is installed at the second right-angled edge, running through the height direction and tied to the free ends of all elastic ribs.

[0070] The waterproof flexible bag is made of 1.2mm thick TPU coated fabric, heat-sealed into a 1 / 4 arc fan shape. The first right-angle side of the bag has a pre-reserved anchoring edge, the second right-angle side is covered with an elastic reinforcing strip, and the arc edge is a guide surface.

[0071] The bag is folded in a wavy pattern along pre-set creases, creating regular grooves and seams on the fabric surface. An elastic support frame is inserted into the folded bag, with the 90-degree bend at the base of the elastic ribs extending from a pre-drilled opening at the first right angle of the bag. A mud-trapping hem is sewn onto the bottom outer side of the bag, 8cm wide and with the edge turned up 3cm.

[0072] Step 4: Prefabrication and installation of the top counterweight release unit

[0073] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the long black strip structure at the top of the device is the storage compartment of the counterweight release unit, which falls onto the lowest upstream surface after release (e.g., Figure 3 and Figure 4 (As shown). The counterweight powder is a uniform mixture of superabsorbent resin (sodium polyacrylate, particle size 0.2-0.5 mm) and barite powder (barium sulfate, particle size 0.1-0.3 mm) in a volume ratio of 1:1.

[0074] The storage compartments are made of the same TPU-coated fabric as the cloth bags and are heat-sealed. Two metal hanging loops are pre-embedded on the back of the storage compartments.

[0075] Two hooks are pre-installed on the outside of the top elastic support rib. Hang the storage compartment's hanging ring on the hook and insert the lock pin to lock it.

[0076] The trigger cable uses Dyneema rope, with one end tied to the locking pin and the other end extending downwards with sufficient length, ultimately securing it at the anchor point at the base of the first right-angle side. Normally, the cable is slack and coiled within the seams of the folded bag.

[0077] Step 5: Installation of the double-layer composite anchoring system

[0078] like Figure 2As shown, transport the prefabricated elastic skeleton arc-shaped guide wing (including folded fabric bags, elastic skeleton, and suspended storage compartments) to the site. Attach the 90-degree bend at the base of the elastic rib to the arch side of the L-shaped armor. Wrap the bend with the extended fiber cloth reserved in step two, and apply epoxy resin adhesive to ensure the fiber cloth and bend are fully impregnated. Simultaneously, fix the lower end of the trigger cable within this anchoring area.

[0079] Pre-padded with a 0.5mm thick rubber pad on the surface of the area to be wrapped. Press a stainless steel strip (316L, 3mm thick, 35-40mm wide, with rounded corners R≥5mm at both ends) onto the rubber pad. The strip should be positioned corresponding to the masonry mortar joints. Drill holes in the mortar joints and insert M10 chemical anchors, with a hole spacing of 150-200mm and staggered arrangement. Apply torque pre-tightening before the adhesive cures, so that the strip evenly presses the fiber cloth and the base of the elastic ribs firmly onto the wall surface.

[0080] After the anchor bolts have cured, apply another layer of epoxy resin to the pressure strip and the anchor bolt head for sealing and corrosion protection.

[0081] Step Six: Inspection and Maintenance

[0082] like Figure 2 As shown, check whether the elastic support ribs are folded tightly, whether the diagonal braces are loose or bent, whether the storage compartments are securely suspended, whether the locking pins are in place, and whether the cables are loose. Regular inspections should be conducted after construction is completed. After the first flood, if... Figure 4 As shown, check the bulging and forming of the deflector wings, whether the storage compartment has slipped to the bottom, the increase in weight of the powder due to water absorption, and the deposition of silt at the skirt edge. Regular follow-up inspections are necessary; if damage to the filter bag is found, it can be locally repaired or the deflector wing module replaced. The storage compartments are for single use only. If they slip due to flooding, they can be replaced with new compartments before the next flood, re-hung on the hooks, and the locking pins inserted.

[0083] Example 2

[0084] This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 1, except that the elastic support rib is made of shape memory alloy sheet. The shape memory alloy is a nickel-titanium alloy, and the phase transformation temperature is set to 15-20℃. At room temperature and during the dry season, the alloy is in the martensitic state, which is soft and foldable; when the flood comes, the water temperature drops, triggering the alloy to undergo a martensitic to austenitic transformation, and the alloy sheet restores the pre-made 1 / 4 arc shape, opening up the guide vane.

[0085] Example 3

[0086] This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 1, except that the waterproof flexible bag is made of 1.0mm thick PVC mesh fabric, the mud and sand retention skirt is 10cm wide, and the edge is turned up 4cm. The storage compartments are made of the same PVC mesh fabric material.

[0087] It should be noted that the above embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Equivalent transformations or substitutions made based on the above technical solutions all fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-triggered bulging type water diversion reinforcement device for the arch foot of a brick and stone arch bridge, characterized in that, include: L-shaped fiber-reinforced restraint armor, elastic skeleton arc-shaped guide wing, top counterweight release unit, and double-layer composite anchoring system; Among them, the L-shaped fiber-reinforced restraint armor is made of fiber-reinforced composite material and is used to fix and wrap the inner side of the arch foot adjacent to the bridge opening and the bottom of the arch shoulder wall with adhesive to restrain the masonry blocks in the area into a whole; An elastic skeleton arc-shaped guide wing is fixed to the outer side of the flow-facing surface of the L-shaped fiber-reinforced restraint armor. The elastic skeleton arc-shaped guide wing includes a waterproof flexible cloth bag and an elastic support skeleton set inside the cloth bag. Normally, the cloth bag is folded in a wave shape and lies flat against the surface of the armor. The wave shape folds form a pre-set groove and gap. When a flood comes, the water flows into the space between the cloth bag and the armor from the groove and gap. The hydrostatic pressure pushes the cloth bag outward, triggering the elastic support skeleton to bounce up and expand the cloth bag to form an arc-shaped guide and water-dividing surface with a 1 / 4 arc cross section, which guides the water flow to the bridge hole area directly below the arch. The top counterweight release unit includes a detachable counterweight storage compartment, which is normally suspended on the outside of the top elastic support rib; after triggering, the entire storage compartment slides down along the outside of the bag to the bottom of the guide wing, and the powder inside absorbs water and increases in weight to form a stable counterweight layer. A double-layer composite anchoring system is used to fix the elastic skeleton arc-shaped guide vane to the masonry.

2. The adaptive bulging water-dividing reinforcement device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The elastic support frame includes: multiple elastic support ribs and several diagonal braces; Among them, multiple elastic support ribs are arranged side by side along the height of the wall, and each elastic support rib is prefabricated as a 1 / 4 arc with the same arc length; the root of the elastic support rib is provided with a 90-degree bend section, which is pressed and fixed to the arch side of the L-shaped fiber-reinforced restraint armor. Multiple diagonal braces are installed between two adjacent elastic support ribs. Each diagonal brace connects diagonally upward from near the free end of the lower elastic rib to near the root of the upper elastic rib, forming a space truss structure.

3. The adaptive bulging water-dividing reinforcement device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The elastic support rib is made of glass fiber reinforced polyurethane strip with a rectangular cross-section, 3mm thick and 12mm wide; the diagonal brace is made of the same material, with a slightly thinner cross-section, 2mm thick and 8mm wide; the diagonal brace is in a relaxed bent state when the elastic rib is folded, and is straightened and tightened when the elastic rib expands.

4. The adaptive bulging water-dividing reinforcement device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The waterproof flexible bag has a 1 / 4 circular arc cross section when unfolded, which is formed by the first right-angled side, the second right-angled side, and the arc side; the first right-angled side is fixed to the wall, the second right-angled side is the free end edge, and the arc side is the flow guiding surface; an elastic reinforcing strip is provided at the second right-angled side, which runs through the height direction and is connected to the free ends of all elastic support ribs.

5. The adaptive bulging water-dividing reinforcement device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top counterweight release unit includes: The detachable counterweight storage compartment is internally encapsulated with water-reacting counterweight powder; the back of the storage compartment has a hanging ring, which is used to suspend it on the hook on the outside of the top elastic support rib. Locking pins and inserting hooks prevent storage compartments from accidentally falling off; The trigger cable is connected to a locking pin at one end and fixed to a double-layer composite anchoring system at the root of the first right-angle side of the bag at the other end. As the elastic support ribs expand and bulge, the cable is gradually tightened and the locking pin is removed, causing the storage compartment to detach from the hook and slide down the outer arc surface of the bag to the bottom of the guide wing. The water-sensitive weight-reducing powder is made by mixing superabsorbent resin particles and barite powder in a volume ratio of 1:1; the superabsorbent resin is sodium polyacrylate, which absorbs hundreds of times its own weight in water to form a high-density gel upon contact with water.

6. The adaptive bulging water-dividing reinforcement device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The waterproof flexible bag is made of TPU coated fabric or PVC mesh fabric, and its outer bottom is provided with an outward-extending mud and sand retention skirt. The edge of the skirt is turned up to form a mud and sand deposition groove. After the storage compartment slides into place, it together with the mud and sand retention skirt to form a double bottom counterweight system.

7. The adaptive bulging water-dividing reinforcement device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The L-shaped fiber-reinforced restraint armor is made of 2-3 layers of E-glass fiber cloth laid continuously wet to wet, with a total thickness of 3-5mm, and is equipped with underwater curing epoxy resin adhesive; its bottom is provided with a horizontally extended anti-toe plate, which is covered with 3-4 layers of glass fiber cloth.

8. The adaptive bulging water-dividing reinforcement device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dual-layer composite anchoring system includes: The flexible restraint layer consists of an extension section reserved during the construction of the L-shaped fiber-reinforced restraint armor. It is used to wrap the 90-degree bend section at the root of the elastic support rib, forming a co-cured integral connection. A rigid locking layer, located outside the flexible restraint layer, includes a stainless steel strip and chemical anchors; the stainless steel strip presses onto the fiber cloth area that has been wrapped with the flexible rib bending section; the chemical anchors penetrate the strip and the fiber cloth and are embedded deep into the masonry mortar joints.

9. The adaptive bulging water-dividing reinforcement device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The stainless steel pressure strip is made of 316L stainless steel, with a thickness of 3mm and a width of 35-40mm, and rounded corners R≥5mm at both ends; a 0.5mm thick rubber pad is pre-insulated between the stainless steel pressure strip and the fiber cloth.

10. The adaptive bulging water-dividing reinforcement device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The elastic support rib is made of shape memory alloy sheet with a phase transition temperature set at 15-20℃. When the flood water temperature decreases, the alloy is triggered to restore the pre-made 1 / 4 arc shape.

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