A device for preventing and monitoring soil erosion on sloping land

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of slope soil erosion prevention and monitoring device, belong to slope soil conservation and geological disaster prevention technical field, comprising: protection net unit, lay in slope surface layer;Deep anchoring body, penetrate protection net unit and insert deep stable stratum, its outer wall is spaced apart with at least two soil pressure sensors along the length direction;And data acquisition and early warning module, with each sensor electric connection.Deep anchoring body outer wall is equipped with groove, sensor is embedded in groove and outer surface flush or concave, sensing surface is exposed or passes through water-permeable medium and transfers soil pressure.Data acquisition and early warning module is preset with each depth pressure threshold value, when any depth pressure is lower than threshold value and duration exceeds preset length of time, determine as deep soil body abnormal loss and early warning.The application integrates surface protection, deep reinforcement and loss monitoring, realizes early warning to deep soil body loss, and protection net unit is convenient to replace, avoid aging net body damage ecology.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of slope soil and water conservation and geological disaster prevention technology, specifically relating to a slope soil erosion protection and monitoring device. Background Technology

[0002] Slope protection netting is an important facility widely used in slope soil and water conservation and geological disaster prevention. One common type of netting consists of several strands of steel wire coiled into interlocking rings. This type of netting possesses good integrity and flexibility, making it suitable for high-altitude and rugged environments with buffer zones near buildings. In practical applications, this type of netting can effectively intercept slope geological disasters such as rockfalls, rockfalls, avalanches, and debris flows, preventing damage to downstream buildings. Simultaneously, after being laid on the slope surface, this type of netting provides physical restraint to the surface soil, preventing soil erosion caused by rainwater runoff, and exhibits excellent slope protection performance.

[0003] However, the aforementioned protective netting still suffers from significant technical defects in long-term practical use. Firstly, the netting is made of metal wire, which, after prolonged exposure to damp soil and rainwater, corrodes. Environmental factors such as ultraviolet radiation and temperature changes cause the material to age, ultimately leading to the collapse of the mesh structure and loss of its protective function. More seriously, rusted or aged netting fragments remain in the soil around vegetation, making them difficult to clean and damaging plant root growth and the soil ecosystem. Secondly, existing protective netting is typically laid on the slope surface during or before planting vegetation. Its water and soil interception function is mainly limited to the topsoil area, lacking significant interception capability for deeper soil layers. When deeper soil is lost due to seepage, erosion, or other reasons, the surface protective netting cannot detect or prevent it, often only being discovered when obvious cracks or collapses appear on the slope, at which point the optimal time for remediation has passed.

[0004] Therefore, how to effectively monitor and provide early warning of soil erosion in deep soil while providing deep reinforcement and surface protection for slopes, and how to easily replace the protective netting after it ages to avoid damage to the ecological environment, are technical problems that urgently need to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems in the existing technology, this invention provides a protection and monitoring device for soil erosion on slopes.

[0006] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: A device for protecting and monitoring soil erosion on slopes, comprising: At least one protective net unit is laid on the surface of the slope to intercept the loss of surface soil; At least one deep anchor body penetrates the protective net unit and is inserted into the deep stable stratum of the slope. At least two soil pressure sensors are spaced apart on the outer wall of the deep anchor body along its length. Each soil pressure sensor is used to measure the soil pressure at different burial depths. as well as The data acquisition and early warning module is electrically connected to each of the soil pressure sensors and is used to receive pressure data at each depth and determine the abnormal loss pattern of deep soil according to the preset discrimination rules. When the judgment is valid, an early warning signal is issued. The outer wall of the deep anchor body is provided with an axially extending groove, the soil pressure sensor is embedded in the groove, and the outer surface of the soil pressure sensor is flush with or recessed with the outer wall of the deep anchor body. The sensing surface of the soil pressure sensor is exposed at the opening of the groove to directly contact the surrounding soil, or the groove is filled with a water-permeable protective medium to transmit soil pressure to the sensor. The data acquisition and early warning module has preset pressure thresholds for each depth. The pressure thresholds are determined based on the statistical characteristics of the pressure measurement values ​​at each depth within a preset time period after initial installation or are preset fixed thresholds. The preset discrimination rules include: when the pressure measurement value at any depth is lower than the preset threshold at that depth and the duration exceeds the preset duration, it is determined to be a deep soil abnormal loss mode.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the protective net unit is formed by several strands of steel wire coiled into a ring and interlocked.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the deep anchor body is an anchor rod or an anchor cable.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the deep anchor body and the protective net unit are connected by a detachable connection structure.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the soil pressure sensor is a MEMS soil pressure sensor or a fiber optic grating soil pressure sensor.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the data acquisition and early warning module further includes a wireless communication unit for transmitting the pressure data collected by each soil pressure sensor and the early warning signal to a remote monitoring platform.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it further includes at least one tension sensor, which is disposed at the connection between the protective net unit and the deep anchor body, for monitoring the tension of the protective net unit, and the tension sensor is electrically connected to the data acquisition and early warning module.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it further includes a solar power supply unit, which is electrically connected to the data acquisition and early warning module and is used to supply power to the data acquisition and early warning module and the soil pressure sensor.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the preset discrimination rule further includes: When the pressure values ​​measured by soil pressure sensors at different depths on the same deep anchor body show a reversal of the pressure gradient from top to bottom, or when the rate of change of pressure difference between adjacent depths exceeds a preset threshold, the data acquisition and early warning module determines it as an abnormal deep soil loss mode.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the preset duration is a settable value between 1 hour and 72 hours.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: By embedding a soil pressure sensor within a groove on the outer wall of a deep anchor body, with the outer surface flush or concave, and using an exposed or permeable medium for pressure transmission, the problems of sensor damage and inaccurate long-term measurements during anchoring construction are effectively solved. By presetting pressure thresholds at various depths and employing a composite discrimination rule where pressure is below the threshold for a duration exceeding a preset time, accurate early warning of the slow erosion process of deep soil is achieved. The detachable connection structure facilitates convenient replacement of the protective netting unit, avoiding damage to vegetation growth and the ecological environment caused by aging and corroded netting. By adding a tension sensor, a solar power supply unit, and a wireless communication unit, multi-parameter fusion monitoring, self-powered operation in the field, and remote data transmission are achieved. Furthermore, the introduction of discrimination rules such as pressure gradient reversal and pressure difference change rate allows for the identification of complex erosion patterns such as gradual erosion. This invention integrates surface protection, deep reinforcement, and soil erosion monitoring functions, significantly improving the comprehensive effectiveness of slope soil and water conservation. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0018] Figure 1 This is an overall isometric view of a slope soil and water loss protection and monitoring device according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is an exploded view of a slope soil erosion protection and monitoring device according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is an axial cross-sectional view of the deep anchor body of the present invention.

[0019] In the diagram: 100, protective netting unit; 200, deep anchoring body; 201, soil pressure sensor; 202, groove; 300, data acquisition and early warning module; 400, solar power supply unit. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention in achieving the intended purpose, the following detailed description of the specific implementation methods, structures, features and effects of the present invention, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, is provided.

[0021] Example 1 Please see Figure 1-3 This invention provides a device for protecting and monitoring soil erosion on slopes. The device includes at least one protective net unit 100, at least one deep anchor body 200, and a data acquisition and early warning module 300. The protective net unit 100 is laid on the slope surface to intercept surface soil erosion. The deep anchor body 200 penetrates the protective net unit 100 and is inserted into the deep, stable strata of the slope, providing deep reinforcement. The data acquisition and early warning module 300 is fixedly installed at a suitable location on the slope, such as on the top of the anchor body or on an independent support, and is electrically connected to each sensor to receive and process monitoring data and issue early warning signals.

[0022] The protective netting unit 100 is composed of several strands of steel wire coiled into interlocking rings, forming a flexible and integral mesh structure. This structure effectively covers the slope, resisting impacts from rockfalls and landslides, while allowing vegetation growth. To facilitate replacement of aging protective netting after long-term use, the protective netting unit 100 is connected to the deep anchor body 200 via a detachable connection structure. The detachable connection structure can be a snap-fit, bolt connection, or pin locking mechanism. When the protective netting rusts or fails due to aging, the connection structure is loosened, the old protective netting unit 100 is removed from the anchor body, and a new protective netting unit 100 is replaced, preventing the aging netting residue in the soil from damaging plant growth and the ecological environment.

[0023] The deep anchor body 200 is a slender rod-shaped component; in this embodiment, an anchor rod is used. The anchor rod is a solid threaded steel rod that forms a firm bond with the surrounding soil and rock through grouting or mechanical anchoring, providing deep pull-out resistance to the slope. Multiple grooves 202 are spaced apart along the length of the outer wall of the deep anchor body 200. These grooves 202 extend axially along the anchor body and are used to accommodate soil pressure sensors 201. There are at least two grooves 202; in this embodiment, three grooves 202 are spaced 1.5 meters apart on a 4-meter-long anchor body. A soil pressure sensor 201 is embedded in each groove 202, and the sensor measures the soil pressure at that burial depth. To ensure that the sensor is not scratched or damaged during the anchor body insertion drilling and grouting process, and to ensure that it can accurately sense changes in the pressure of the surrounding soil, the outer surface of the soil pressure sensor 201 is flush with or slightly concave with the outer wall of the deep anchor body 200. The sensing surface of the soil pressure sensor 201 is exposed at the opening of the groove 202, directly contacting the surrounding soil. In another embodiment, the groove 202 is filled with a permeable protective medium, such as porous rubber, permeable concrete, or gravel wrapped in geotextile, allowing soil pressure to be transmitted to the sensor sensing surface through this medium. This protects the sensor while ensuring measurement accuracy.

[0024] The soil pressure sensor 201 is a MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical System) soil pressure sensor. MEMS sensors are small in size, low in power consumption, and high in accuracy, making them suitable for multi-point installation. Each sensor is electrically connected to the data acquisition and early warning module 300 via signal cables.

[0025] The data acquisition and early warning module 300 integrates a microcontroller, data storage unit, signal conditioning circuit, and audible and visual alarm. This module is electrically connected to all soil pressure sensors 201, receiving pressure data at various depths in real time. The module pre-stores pressure thresholds corresponding to each depth. There are two methods for determining the pressure thresholds: one is based on the statistical characteristics of pressure measurements at various depths within a preset time period after initial installation. Specifically, after the device is installed and has been running stably for 7 days, the average pressure measurements at various depths during this period are taken, and 60% of the average is used as the lower limit threshold. The other method is a preset fixed threshold, which can be calculated based on the theoretical parameters of slope soil mechanics. For example, the soil pressure value under normal conditions can be calculated using the static earth pressure formula, and then multiplied by a reduction factor of 0.5 to obtain the loss warning threshold.

[0026] The data acquisition and early warning module 300 has pre-set discrimination rules, including: when the pressure measurement value at any depth is lower than the corresponding preset threshold, and this low-pressure state lasts for more than a preset duration, the module determines it as an abnormal deep soil loss mode and immediately issues an early warning signal. The preset duration can be manually set within the range of 1 hour to 72 hours according to the slope geological conditions. For highly permeable sandy slopes, it can be set to 6 hours; for poorly permeable cohesive slopes, it can be set to 48 hours. This composite judgment rule can effectively distinguish between instantaneous pressure disturbances caused by rainfall and water level fluctuations and real loss caused by the continuous migration of deep soil particles, avoiding false alarms.

[0027] To further enhance the intelligence level of the device, the data acquisition and early warning module 300 is also equipped with a wireless communication unit. The wireless communication unit uses a 4G / 5G module to transmit the pressure data and early warning signals collected by each soil pressure sensor 201 to the remote monitoring platform in real time, facilitating engineering managers to view data and receive alarms at the monitoring center.

[0028] This embodiment also includes a tension sensor and a solar power supply unit 400. The tension sensor is installed at the connection between the protective netting unit 100 and the deep anchoring body 200 to monitor tension changes in the protective netting unit 100. When the protective netting experiences increased stress due to rockfall impact or slope deformation, the tension sensor detects an increase in tension; when the protective netting becomes rusted and loose, the tension decreases. The tension sensor is electrically connected to the data acquisition and early warning module 300, which can perform multi-parameter fusion analysis by integrating tension data and soil pressure data to further improve the reliability of early warning. The solar power supply unit 400 consists of a solar panel, a charge controller, and a battery. The solar panel converts light energy into electrical energy, which is then used by the charge controller to charge the battery. The battery provides a stable power supply to the data acquisition and early warning module 300 and various sensors. The solar power supply unit 400 is electrically connected to the data acquisition and early warning module 300, ensuring continuous operation of the device in sloping environments without an external power grid.

[0029] As a further optimization of this embodiment, the data acquisition and early warning module 300 is also pre-set with more advanced discrimination rules, namely, spatial pattern recognition is performed using the pressure values ​​measured by multiple soil pressure sensors 201 at different depths on the same deep anchor body 200. Specifically, this includes two scenarios: First, when the pressure gradient from top to bottom reverses, it is identified as an abnormal loss pattern of deep soil. Normally, as depth increases, the soil's own weight pressure increases, resulting in a positive pressure gradient, meaning the shallow pressure is less than the deep pressure. If a negative gradient occurs, with the shallow pressure greater than the deep pressure, it indicates that deep soil has been lost, forming cavities, and the pressure gradient has reversed.

[0030] Second, when the rate of change of pressure difference between adjacent depths exceeds a preset threshold, it is determined to be an abnormal loss pattern of deep soil. The pressure difference between adjacent depths is defined as follows: ,in, This represents the pressure measurement value at the depth of the i-th layer. Let be the pressure measurement value at the (i+1)th layer depth, where i represents a shallower depth. The rate of change of pressure difference is defined as: ,in, and For two monitoring times, > .when When the threshold is exceeded, it indicates an abnormally high rate of change in the pressure difference between adjacent depths over time, suggesting rapid erosion or structural failure is occurring within the soil. This discrimination rule can identify progressive erosion or internal structural failure that is difficult to detect using a single-point threshold alone, significantly improving the accuracy and early warning capabilities.

[0031] Example 2 This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 1, except that the deep anchor body 200 uses an anchor cable instead of an anchor rod. The anchor cable is composed of multiple strands of steel wire and is suitable for working conditions requiring longer anchoring depth or higher pull-out resistance. In addition, the soil pressure sensor 201 is a fiber optic grating soil pressure sensor, which has good resistance to electromagnetic interference and long-term stability, and is suitable for slopes in harsh environments.

[0032] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for protecting and monitoring soil erosion on slopes, characterized in that, include: At least one protective net unit is laid on the surface of the slope to intercept the loss of surface soil; At least one deep anchor body penetrates the protective net unit and is inserted into the deep stable stratum of the slope. At least two soil pressure sensors are spaced apart on the outer wall of the deep anchor body along its length. Each soil pressure sensor is used to measure the soil pressure at different burial depths. as well as The data acquisition and early warning module is electrically connected to each of the soil pressure sensors and is used to receive pressure data at each depth and determine the abnormal loss pattern of deep soil according to the preset discrimination rules. When the judgment is valid, an early warning signal is issued. The outer wall of the deep anchor body is provided with an axially extending groove, the soil pressure sensor is embedded in the groove, and the outer surface of the soil pressure sensor is flush with or recessed with the outer wall of the deep anchor body. The sensing surface of the soil pressure sensor is exposed at the opening of the groove to directly contact the surrounding soil, or the groove is filled with a water-permeable protective medium to transmit soil pressure to the sensor. The data acquisition and early warning module has preset pressure thresholds for each depth. The pressure thresholds are determined based on the statistical characteristics of the pressure measurement values ​​at each depth within a preset time period after initial installation or are preset fixed thresholds. The preset discrimination rules include: when the pressure measurement value at any depth is lower than the preset threshold at that depth and the duration exceeds the preset duration, it is determined to be a deep soil abnormal loss mode.

2. The slope soil erosion protection and monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The protective net unit is made of several strands of steel wire coiled into a ring and interlocked.

3. The slope soil erosion protection and monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The deep anchor body is an anchor rod or an anchor cable.

4. The slope soil erosion protection and monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The deep anchor body is connected to the protective net unit via a detachable connection structure.

5. The slope soil erosion protection and monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soil pressure sensor is a MEMS soil pressure sensor or a fiber optic grating soil pressure sensor.

6. The slope soil erosion protection and monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data acquisition and early warning module also includes a wireless communication unit, which is used to send the pressure data collected by each soil pressure sensor and the early warning signal to the remote monitoring platform.

7. A slope soil erosion protection and monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes at least one tension sensor, which is disposed at the connection between the protective net unit and the deep anchor body, for monitoring the tension of the protective net unit, and the tension sensor is electrically connected to the data acquisition and early warning module.

8. The slope soil erosion protection and monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a solar power supply unit, which is electrically connected to the data acquisition and early warning module and is used to supply power to the data acquisition and early warning module and the soil pressure sensor.

9. A slope soil erosion protection and monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset discrimination rules also include: When the pressure values ​​measured by soil pressure sensors at different depths on the same deep anchor body show a reversal of the pressure gradient from top to bottom, or when the rate of change of pressure difference between adjacent depths exceeds a preset threshold, the data acquisition and early warning module determines it as an abnormal deep soil loss mode.

10. A slope soil erosion protection and monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset duration is a settable value between 1 hour and 72 hours.

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