Composite anti-seepage structure of coal mine inclined shaft at loose layer and construction method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a composite anti-seepage structure of a coal mine inclined shaft at a loose layer and a construction method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of water prevention and control of a coal mine shaft, which comprises the following steps: arranging an annular concrete wall in a ring-shaped pit, and arranging the inclined shaft on the inner side of the annular concrete wall; the annular concrete wall and the ring-shaped pit are provided with a water-permeable gap; a flexible waterproof layer is laid on the ground on the inner side of the annular concrete wall; a clay layer is arranged between the two ends of the annular concrete wall; one end of a water diversion pipe connected with a water pumping device is in communication with the water-permeable gap; a collecting container provided with a through hole is arranged on the inner side of the annular concrete wall and is buried in the loose layer; a connecting pipe one and a connecting pipe two are fixed on the collecting container and are in communication; the connecting pipe one is connected with a non-powered air cap above the ground; one end of the connecting pipe two is arranged above the ground; and a water pumping device two is in communication with the collecting container through a water pipe. The application can effectively prevent water inrush from causing structural damage of the inclined shaft.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water control technology in coal mine shafts, and in particular to a composite seepage prevention structure and its construction method for a coal mine inclined shaft located in a loose layer. Background Technology

[0002] Inclined shafts are the development roadways of mines, undertaking many key functions such as ore transportation, personnel passage, ventilation, and drainage. The operational stability of inclined shafts is directly related to the production safety and personnel safety of coal mines.

[0003] For mining areas where the coal seam is shallow and gently sloping, and the topsoil layer is thin, most of these types of coal mines adopt the inclined shaft development method. During the construction of the inclined shaft, the mine will diagonally traverse areas such as loose layers, clay layers, and mudstone layers. Because the loose soil layer has a loose structure, high porosity, and high permeability, it contains a large amount of surface water and shallow groundwater. This is the main cause of water inrush and seepage problems during the construction and subsequent operation of the inclined shaft.

[0004] Currently, for the seepage prevention and waterproofing treatment of the loose strata in the inclined shafts of coal mines, the industry generally adopts a single seepage prevention measure, such as concrete lining for seepage prevention, laying a single waterproof layer, and high-pressure grouting for water plugging, which are conventional technical means.

[0005] Among them, the concrete lining structure can only provide water protection for the foundation of the inclined shaft. Water in the loose layer is prone to accumulate on the outside of the lining wall. Under long-term water pressure, it will erode the concrete structure, reduce the strength and durability of the wall. At the same time, water can easily seep into the loose layer inside the lining from the bottom and side wall gaps, making water blocking easy to fail and the seepage prevention reliability poor.

[0006] A single surface waterproofing layer can only block the infiltration of surface water, but it cannot deal with the water contained in the loose layer, and the problem of deep water seepage cannot be completely solved.

[0007] High-pressure grouting water plugging technology is complex to construct, has high modification costs, and only treats the symptoms rather than the root cause. It is difficult to accurately control the grouting range, which can easily lead to blind spots in water plugging. After long-term use, problems such as cracking and failure of the grouting body may occur.

[0008] Therefore, how to provide a composite seepage prevention structure and its construction method for coal mine inclined shafts located in loose layers, so as to overcome the above-mentioned problems, is an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a composite coal mine inclined shaft located in a loose layer. The seepage prevention structure involves an inclined shaft that descends diagonally downwards, passing through a loose layer, a clay layer, and a mudstone layer, including: A ring-shaped concrete wall is constructed with a ring-shaped pit on the ground. The ring-shaped concrete wall is vertically arranged in the ring-shaped pit, and an inclined well is located inside the ring-shaped concrete wall. There is a water-permeable gap between the outer wall of the ring-shaped concrete wall and the pit wall away from the inclined well, and the water-permeable gap is filled with water-permeable particles. A flexible waterproof layer is laid on the ground inside the ring-shaped concrete wall. A clay layer is located between the two ends of the ring-shaped concrete wall. The water inlet pipe is embedded in the annular concrete wall. One end of the water inlet pipe is connected to the pumping end of the pumping equipment on the ground; the other end of the water inlet pipe is connected to the permeable gap. A collection container is located inside the annular concrete wall and embedded in a loose layer. The container wall has multiple through holes. Connecting pipe 1 and connecting pipe 2 are fixed and connected to the collection container. One end of connecting pipe 1 is above the ground and is equipped with a non-powered wind cap. One end of connecting pipe 2 is above the ground. One end of a water pipe passes through connecting pipe 2 and is located at the bottom of the collection container. The other end of the water pipe is connected to the pumping end of pumping equipment 2 on the ground. The outer diameter of the water pipe is smaller than the inner diameter of connecting pipe 2.

[0010] Preferably, a filter screen is installed at one end of the water inlet pipe located within the permeable gap, and the mesh diameter of the filter screen is smaller than the minimum particle size of the permeable particles.

[0011] Preferably, the ground inside the annular concrete wall is arranged at an angle relative to the horizontal plane, and the lowest point of the ground inside the annular concrete wall is higher than the ground outside the annular concrete wall.

[0012] Preferably, a layer of stone chips covers the flexible waterproof layer.

[0013] Preferably, multiple water inlet pipes are evenly distributed and pre-embedded in the annular concrete wall. The end of the water inlet pipe away from the pumping equipment is arranged in the permeable gap after passing through the outer wall of the annular concrete wall. Multiple water inlet pipes are simultaneously connected to the pumping end of the pumping equipment.

[0014] Preferably, the minimum particle size of the loose layer is larger than the pore size of the through-hole.

[0015] Preferably, a water level sensor with liquid level control is arranged in both the collection container and the permeable gap. The water level sensor located in the collection container is electrically connected to the pumping equipment, and the water level sensor located in the permeable gap is electrically connected to the pumping equipment.

[0016] A construction method for a composite seepage-proof structure for a coal mine inclined shaft located in a loose layer, comprising the following steps: ①The depth of the clay layer and the location of the inclined shaft when it enters the clay layer from the loose layer are determined by the data from the inclined shaft construction. ② Determine the location and size of the annular pit based on the information obtained in step ①, and then excavate the annular pit. The bottom of the annular pit corresponds to the location of the mudstone layer. ③ The construction of the annular concrete wall shall be carried out in the annular pit, and the water pipe shall be laid in place before the annular concrete wall is poured. ④ Fill the permeable gaps with permeable particles; ⑤ Excavate the loose layer inside the ring-shaped concrete wall and bury the collection container; ⑥ Connect pumping equipment one to the water inlet pipe; arrange the water pipe in place and connect it to the water inlet pipe of pumping equipment two; install a non-powered wind cap on connecting pipe one; ⑦ A flexible waterproof layer is laid on the ground inside the ring-shaped concrete wall.

[0017] The advantages and positive effects of the composite seepage prevention structure and its construction method for a coal mine inclined shaft located in a loose layer, as described in this invention, are as follows: 1. This application designs an annular concrete wall and a flexible waterproof layer. The flexible waterproof layer, the annular concrete wall, and the clay layer can isolate the inclined well located in the loose layer. Water in the loose layer outside the annular concrete wall will not flow into the inner side of the annular concrete wall, thereby ensuring that the loose layer inside the annular concrete wall has a low water content and ensuring the safety of the inclined well located in the loose layer.

[0018] 2. By designing permeable gaps, this application prevents water in the loose layer on the outside of the annular concrete wall from accumulating near the annular concrete wall, thus avoiding excessive water accumulation that could damage the annular concrete wall and clay layer, such as reducing the strength of the annular concrete wall. It also prevents water from entering the inner side of the annular concrete wall from the lower end or side wall, thus preventing the annular concrete wall from failing to block water.

[0019] 3. The ground inside the ring-shaped concrete wall is inclined relative to the horizontal plane, and the lowest point of the ground inside the ring-shaped concrete wall is higher than the ground outside the ring-shaped concrete wall. This design ensures that water on the ground will not accumulate on the ground inside the ring-shaped concrete wall, and prevents water on the ground from seeping into the loose layer inside the ring-shaped concrete wall.

[0020] 4. By designing a stone slag layer, the stone slag layer is both permeable and can protect the flexible waterproof layer.

[0021] 5. By designing the collection container, on the one hand, water in the loose layer inside the annular concrete wall will enter the collection container through the through holes and be pumped out by the second pumping device, ensuring that the water in the loose layer inside the annular concrete wall can be discharged smoothly; on the other hand, by installing a non-powered vent cap on the connecting pipe, the non-powered vent cap will ventilate the collection container when it is activated, so that the water vapor in the collection container can be discharged in time, which can both accelerate the evaporation rate of water and discharge water vapor in time, thereby reducing the moisture content of the loose layer inside the annular concrete wall.

[0022] 6. By designing a water level sensor, the water level in the permeable gap and the collection container can be monitored in real time, and the water in the permeable gap and the collection container can be discharged in a timely manner.

[0023] 7. By designing permeable particles, this design avoids the loose layer on the outside of the ring concrete wall from clogging the water pipe.

[0024] 8. The composite seepage prevention structure construction method in this application is simple and effective, with low construction difficulty and can modify existing inclined wells. It can effectively isolate the inclined wells located in loose layers and avoid structural damage and strength reduction of the inclined wells caused by water inrush. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is an isometric schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the vertical cross-section of the present invention; Figure 3 for Figure 2 A magnified view of a section at point A in the middle; Figure 4 for Figure 2 A magnified view of a section at point B in the middle; Figure 5 For the partial isometric projection of the present invention Figure 1 ; Figure 6 For the partial isometric projection of the present invention Figure 2 ; Figure 7 For the partial isometric projection of the present invention Figure 3 ; Figure 8 This is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0026] Figure Labels 1. Inclined shaft; 2. Loose layer; 3. Clay layer; 4. Mudstone layer; 5. Circular concrete wall; 6. Circular pit; 7. Permeable granules; 8. Flexible waterproof layer; 9. Water inlet pipe; 10. Pumping equipment one; 11. Collection container; 110. Through hole; 12. Connecting pipe one; 13. Connecting pipe two; 14. Non-powered wind cap; 15. Water pipe; 16. Pumping equipment two; 17. Stone slag layer; 18. Water level sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0027] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product is in use. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," and "connect" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0028] In this application, unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. In case of any inconsistency, the meaning set forth in this specification or derived from the content described herein shall prevail. Furthermore, the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing embodiments of this application only and is not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0029] See appendix Figure 1-8 This is a schematic diagram of the overall and partial structure of one embodiment of the present invention. Specifically, the present invention discloses a composite seepage-proof structure for a coal mine inclined shaft 1 located at a loose layer 2, the inclined shaft 1 obliquely descending through the loose layer 2, the clay layer 3, and the mudstone layer 4 in sequence. In this embodiment, the inclination angle of the inclined shaft 1 relative to the horizontal plane is 20°.

[0030] The composite seepage-proof structure includes: The annular concrete wall 5, in this embodiment, is a vertically arranged rectangular tube. An annular pit 6, matching the shape and size of the annular concrete wall 5, is provided on the ground. The annular concrete wall 5 is vertically arranged in the annular pit 6, with the bottom end of the annular concrete wall 5 abutting against the bottom of the annular pit 6. The inclined shaft 1 is located inside the annular concrete wall 5.

[0031] A permeable gap exists between the outer wall of the annular concrete wall 5 and the pit wall of the annular pit 6 away from the inclined shaft 1. This permeable gap is filled with permeable particles 7, allowing water from the loose layer 2 on the outer side of the annular concrete wall 5 to flow into it. A flexible waterproof layer 8 is laid on the ground inside the annular concrete wall 5. In this embodiment, the flexible waterproof layer 8 is a thickened and wear-resistant plastic sheet, preventing water from seeping into the inner side of the annular concrete wall 5. The clay layer 3 provides better water resistance than the loose layer 2. The annular pit 6 is excavated to the mudstone layer 4, meaning the clay layer 3 is located between the two ends of the annular concrete wall 5. Water below the clay layer 3 will almost never enter from the lower end of the annular concrete wall 5.

[0032] The flexible waterproof layer 8, the annular concrete wall 5, and the clay layer 3 will isolate the inclined well 1 located within the loose layer 2. The loose layer 2 inside the annular concrete wall 5 is separated from the loose layer 2 outside the annular concrete wall 5 by the annular concrete wall 5. Water in the loose layer 2 outside the annular concrete wall 5 will not enter the inside of the annular concrete wall 5, thereby ensuring that there is no large amount of water in the loose layer 2 inside the annular concrete wall 5, thus avoiding affecting the strength and layout stability of the inclined well 1.

[0033] A water inlet pipe 9 is embedded in the annular concrete wall 5. One end of the water inlet pipe 9 is connected to the pumping end of the ground-based pumping device 10, and the other end of the water inlet pipe 9 is close to the bottom of the permeable gap and connected to the permeable gap. Water in the loose layer 2 on the outside of the annular concrete wall 5 will flow into the permeable gap, and the water in the permeable gap will be pumped out by the pumping device 10. This ensures that water in the loose layer 2 on the outside of the annular concrete wall 5 will not accumulate in large quantities and for a long time near the annular concrete wall 5, thus avoiding damage to the annular concrete wall 5 or the clay layer 3 near the annular concrete wall 5 and preventing the annular concrete wall 5 from failing to block water.

[0034] Multiple collection containers 11 are provided, all located inside the annular concrete wall 5 and embedded in the loose layer 2. Each collection container 11 has multiple through holes 110 on its wall. Water from the loose layer 2 inside the annular concrete wall 5 enters the collection container 11 through these holes 110. The minimum particle size of the loose layer 2 is larger than the aperture of the through holes 110, preventing particles from entering the collection container 11. A connecting pipe 12 and a connecting pipe 13 are fixed to and connected to the collection container 11. One end of the connecting pipe 12 is above ground and equipped with a non-powered vent 14. The non-powered vent 14 vents the collection container 11 during operation, allowing water vapor to escape quickly and accelerating water evaporation, ensuring the container's interior remains dry and maintaining a low moisture content in the loose layer 2 inside the annular concrete wall 5.

[0035] One end of the water pipe 15 passes through the connecting pipe 2 13 and is positioned at the bottom of the collection container 11. The other end of the water pipe 15 is connected to the pumping end of the pumping device 2 16 on the ground. When the water in the collection container 11 reaches a certain level, the pumping device 2 16 can pump the water out of the collection container 11 through the water pipe 15. The outer diameter of the water pipe 15 is smaller than the inner diameter of the connecting pipe 2 13, meaning that the connecting pipe 2 13 with the water pipe 15 can still achieve airflow between the collection container 11 and the outside atmosphere, the purpose of which is to ensure the ventilation effect of the collection container 11.

[0036] A filter screen is installed at one end of the water inlet pipe 9 located within the water permeable gap. The mesh diameter of the filter screen is smaller than the minimum particle size of the water permeable particles 7, so that the water permeable particles 7 will not enter the water inlet pipe 9, thus preventing the water permeable particles 7 from clogging the water inlet pipe 9.

[0037] The ground inside the annular concrete wall 5 is inclined relative to the horizontal plane, and the lowest point of the ground inside the annular concrete wall 5 is higher than the ground outside the annular concrete wall 5. Water will not accumulate on the ground inside the annular concrete wall 5, thus preventing water from entering the annular concrete wall 5. A stone slag layer 17 covers the flexible waterproof layer 8. On the one hand, the stone slag layer 17 protects the flexible waterproof layer 8 from damage by vehicles or other objects; on the other hand, the stone slag layer 17 has good permeability, preventing water from accumulating within it.

[0038] Multiple water inlet pipes 9 are evenly distributed and embedded in the annular concrete wall 5. The end of the water inlet pipe 9 away from the pumping equipment 10 is arranged in the water-permeable gap after passing through the outer wall of the annular concrete wall 5. Multiple water inlet pipes 9 are simultaneously connected to the pumping end of the pumping equipment 10.

[0039] Water level sensors 18 with liquid level control are arranged both inside the collection container 11 and in the permeable gap. The water level sensor 18 in the collection container 11 is electrically connected to the second pumping device 16. When the water level in the collection container 11 reaches a certain height, the second pumping device 16 starts pumping water. When the water level in the collection container 11 drops to a certain value, the second pumping device 16 stops. The water level sensor 18 in the permeable gap is electrically connected to the first pumping device 10. When the water level in the permeable gap reaches a certain height, the first pumping device 10 starts pumping water. When the water level in the permeable gap drops to a certain value, the first pumping device 10 stops.

[0040] A construction method for a composite seepage-proof structure of a coal mine inclined shaft 1 located in a loose layer 2 includes the following steps: ①The depth of clay layer 3 and the location of inclined shaft 1 when it enters clay layer 3 from loose layer 2 are determined by the previous well data of inclined shaft 1. The so-called location of inclined shaft 1 when it enters clay layer 3 from loose layer 2 can also be said to be the location of inclined shaft 1 at the junction of loose layer 2 and clay layer 3.

[0041] ② Determine the location and size of the annular pit 6 based on the information obtained in step ①, and then excavate the annular pit 6. The bottom of the annular pit 6 corresponds to the position of the mudstone layer 4.

[0042] ③ Construct the annular concrete wall 5 in the annular pit 6. The annular concrete wall 5 is pre-embedded with steel bars, and the water pipe 9 must be placed in place before the annular concrete wall 5 is poured.

[0043] ④ Fill the permeable gaps with permeable particles 7. In this embodiment, the permeable particles 7 are large-diameter pebbles.

[0044] ⑤ Excavate and bury the loose layer 2 inside the annular concrete wall 5 and collect the container 11. After the collection container 11 is arranged, the ground inside the annular concrete wall 5 is corrected to ensure that the ground inside the annular concrete wall 5 is inclined relative to the horizontal plane, and the lowest point of the ground inside the annular concrete wall 5 is higher than the ground outside the annular concrete wall 5.

[0045] ⑥ Connect the water pump 10 to the water inlet pipe 9; arrange the water pipe 15 in place and connect it to the water pump 2 16; install the non-powered wind cap 14 on the connecting pipe 12.

[0046] ⑦ A flexible waterproof layer 8 is laid on the ground inside the ring-shaped concrete wall 5. After the flexible waterproof layer 8 is laid, a stone slag layer 17 of a certain thickness is laid on its surface.

[0047] In addition, the construction workers drilled holes and performed high-pressure grouting at the water inflow points in the inclined shaft 1 to further prevent water from the loose layer 2 from flowing into the inclined shaft 1.

[0048] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent substitutions cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composite seepage-proof structure for a coal mine inclined shaft located in a loose layer, wherein the inclined shaft descends obliquely through a loose layer, a clay layer, and a mudstone layer in sequence, characterized in that, include: A ring-shaped concrete wall is constructed with a ring-shaped pit on the ground. The ring-shaped concrete wall is vertically arranged in the ring-shaped pit, and an inclined well is located inside the ring-shaped concrete wall. There is a water-permeable gap between the outer wall of the ring-shaped concrete wall and the pit wall away from the inclined well, and the water-permeable gap is filled with water-permeable particles. A flexible waterproof layer is laid on the ground inside the ring-shaped concrete wall. A clay layer is located between the two ends of the ring-shaped concrete wall. The water inlet pipe is embedded in the annular concrete wall. One end of the water inlet pipe is connected to the pumping end of the pumping equipment on the ground; the other end of the water inlet pipe is connected to the permeable gap. A collection container is located inside the annular concrete wall and embedded in a loose layer. The container wall has multiple through holes. Connecting pipe 1 and connecting pipe 2 are fixed and connected to the collection container. One end of connecting pipe 1 is above the ground and is equipped with a non-powered wind cap. One end of connecting pipe 2 is above the ground. One end of a water pipe passes through connecting pipe 2 and is located at the bottom of the collection container. The other end of the water pipe is connected to the pumping end of pumping equipment 2 on the ground. The outer diameter of the water pipe is smaller than the inner diameter of connecting pipe 2.

2. The composite seepage-proof structure for a coal mine inclined shaft located in a loose layer according to claim 1, characterized in that, A filter screen is installed at one end of the water inlet pipe located within the permeable gap. The mesh diameter of the filter screen is smaller than the minimum particle size of the permeable particles.

3. The composite seepage-proof structure for a coal mine inclined shaft located in a loose layer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ground inside the annular concrete wall is inclined relative to the horizontal plane, and the lowest point of the ground inside the annular concrete wall is higher than the ground outside the annular concrete wall.

4. The composite seepage-proof structure for a coal mine inclined shaft located in a loose layer according to claim 1, characterized in that, A layer of stone chips covers the flexible waterproof layer.

5. The composite seepage-proof structure for a coal mine inclined shaft located in a loose layer according to claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple water inlet pipes are evenly distributed and pre-embedded in the annular concrete wall. The end of the water inlet pipe away from the pumping equipment is arranged in the permeable gap after passing through the outer wall of the annular concrete wall. Multiple water inlet pipes are simultaneously connected to the pumping end of the pumping equipment.

6. The composite seepage-proof structure for a coal mine inclined shaft located in a loose layer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The minimum particle size of the loose layer is larger than the pore size of the through-hole.

7. A composite seepage-proof structure for a coal mine inclined shaft located in a loose layer according to claim 1, characterized in that, Water level sensors with liquid level control are installed inside the collection container and in the permeable gap. The water level sensor in the collection container is electrically connected to the pumping equipment, and the water level sensor in the permeable gap is electrically connected to the pumping equipment.

8. A construction method for a composite seepage-proof structure in a coal mine inclined shaft located in a loose layer, characterized in that, The composite seepage prevention structure applied to a coal mine inclined shaft located in a loose layer as described in any one of claims 1-7 includes the following steps: ①The depth of the clay layer and the location of the inclined shaft when it enters the clay layer from the loose layer are determined by the data from the inclined shaft construction. ② Determine the location and size of the annular pit based on the information obtained in step ①, and then excavate the annular pit. The bottom of the annular pit corresponds to the location of the mudstone layer. ③ The construction of the annular concrete wall shall be carried out in the annular pit, and the water pipe shall be laid in place before the annular concrete wall is poured. ④ Fill the permeable gaps with permeable particles; ⑤ Excavate the loose layer inside the ring-shaped concrete wall and bury the collection container; ⑥ Connect pumping equipment one to the water inlet pipe; arrange the water pipe in place and connect it to the water inlet pipe of pumping equipment two; install a non-powered wind cap on connecting pipe one; ⑦ A flexible waterproof layer is laid on the ground inside the ring-shaped concrete wall.

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