Forming construction method of unilateral template unit and exposed outer edge turnover formwork member

Abstract

The application provides a single-sided template unit and a forming construction method of an exposed outer edge turnover formwork component, the single-sided template unit comprising a panel, a connecting support provided on the bottom of the panel along the length direction of the panel, a back lath assembly provided on the first surface of the panel, and a mounting assembly provided on the second surface of the panel. By additionally providing a back lath assembly on one side of the panel, a combined stress section is formed, the lateral stiffness of the single-sided template is effectively enhanced, and the ability to bear the lateral pressure of concrete pouring is improved. In addition, in the construction application stage, based on the sequential arrangement of the diagonal combined tie support component and the counter-pulling connecting piece of the mounting assembly, the self-standing positioning and fixing of the single-sided template and the internal and external counter-pulling stress offsetting concrete pouring lateral pressure are sequentially realized, so that the single-sided template of the application can realize the support of the single-sided template without any support bent frame outside the single-sided template.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building construction technology, and in particular to a method for forming a single-sided formwork unit and an exposed outer edge formwork component. Background Technology

[0002] With the widespread application of steel structure buildings, the reinforced steel truss floor slab system has become the mainstream floor form for high-rise steel structure buildings due to its advantages of fast construction speed and good structural integrity. In the construction of parts such as roof parapet walls and floor edge extensions, the forming quality of the outer formwork directly determines the visual effect of the building facade.

[0003] In existing conventional construction processes, for low-profile overturned openings with a height ≤600mm, galvanized cold-rolled steel plates with a thickness of 1.2~3mm and a yield strength ≥250MPa are usually used as the outer formwork. The inner side is restrained by spot welding with the floor slab reinforcement or by setting reinforcement back bracing to constrain the deformation of the formwork, which can basically meet the flatness requirements after concrete pouring.

[0004] However, when the height of the edge opening exceeds 600mm, the lateral pressure generated by the concrete pouring increases significantly with the height. The lateral stiffness of the thin steel plate formwork is insufficient, and the deformation after pouring exceeds the limit, making it impossible to meet the flatness control standard of ≤8mm for surface unevenness within 2m. If the stiffness is improved by simply increasing the thickness of the steel plate, the material cost will increase non-linearly, resulting in extremely poor economic benefits and no engineering promotion value.

[0005] To address the support and rigidity issues of high-edge openings / parapet wall outer formwork, the conventional practice in engineering is to erect ground-mounted or cantilevered scaffolding to secure the outer formwork. However, with the increasing variety of curtain wall structural forms, the number of edge openings with a height greater than 600mm in new construction projects has significantly increased, and they are mostly scattered across various floors of high-rise buildings (especially concentrated on the top floor). Erecting dedicated external scaffolding for such localized high-altitude operations presents numerous problems, including high investment costs, long erection and dismantling cycles, significant safety risks associated with working at heights, and interference with subsequent curtain wall construction, severely restricting construction efficiency and project economic benefits.

[0006] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology of exposed outer edge formwork components (such as high edge flip-outs / parapet walls) in the outer formwork, such as "insufficient deformation resistance of thin steel plate formwork" and "high cost and long cycle of external scaffolding measures", those skilled in the art have been looking for solutions. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a molding and construction method for a single-sided template unit and an exposed outer edge formwork component, so as to solve the problems of "insufficient deformation resistance of thin steel plate templates" and "high cost and long cycle of external scaffolding measures" when using existing outer templates to construct exposed outer edge formwork components.

[0008] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the present invention provides a single-sided template unit, the single-sided template unit comprising:

[0009] The panel has a first side and a second side facing each other;

[0010] A connecting support is provided at the bottom of the panel along the length of the panel;

[0011] Back rib assembly, disposed on the first side of the panel, includes:

[0012] Multiple first back ribs are arranged in parallel at equal intervals along the width direction of the panel;

[0013] Multiple second back ribs are spaced apart along the length of the panel, with each second back rib spanning all the first back ribs and fixed perpendicularly to them, together forming a grid-like frame.

[0014] Mounting components, disposed on the second side of the panel, include:

[0015] Multiple pull connectors are arranged at intervals along the length of the panel. One end of each pull connector is fixed to the second surface of the panel, and the other end extends perpendicularly to the panel in a direction away from the second surface.

[0016] Multiple diagonally combined tie-up support members are arranged at intervals along the length of the panel, and each diagonally combined tie-up support member is disposed between the first back rib and the truss main reinforcement of the floor deck.

[0017] Optionally, in the single-sided template unit, each inclined combined tie support member includes: tie bars and a support steel pipe sleeved on its outer side.

[0018] Optionally, in the single-sided template unit, the pull-tab connector is an L-shaped pull-tab connector.

[0019] Optionally, the single-sided template unit may further include a lifting lug disposed at the top of the panel.

[0020] Optionally, in the single-sided template unit, the first back rib is the main back rib, and the second back rib is the secondary back rib.

[0021] Optionally, in the single-sided template unit, both the first back rib and the second back rib are cut from Q235B hot-rolled steel plate, with a thickness ranging from 3 to 5 mm and a width of 40 mm.

[0022] Optionally, in the single-sided template unit, the panel is a Q235B hot-rolled steel plate.

[0023] Optionally, in the single-sided template unit, the panel is a cold-rolled steel plate with a yield strength greater than or equal to 250 MPa, a thickness ranging from 3.0 to 4.0 mm, and a width greater than or equal to 500 mm.

[0024] The present invention also provides a single-sided template, which is suitable for single-sided formwork of exposed outer edge molded components, comprising: a plurality of single-sided template units as described above, wherein the sides of two adjacent single-sided template units are aligned and welded together.

[0025] The present invention also provides a molding construction method for an exposed outer edge molded component, the molding construction method for the exposed outer edge molded component includes the following steps:

[0026] S1. Hoist multiple single-sided template units as described above into position on the work surface, and splice all single-sided templates to form a single-sided template. The length and height of the single-sided template are consistent with the designed exposed outer edge formwork component.

[0027] S2. Between the first back rib and the main truss reinforcement of the floor deck, multiple diagonal combined tie-bracing members are arranged at intervals along the length of the panel to make the single-sided template self-supporting and fixed.

[0028] S3. Tie the steel reinforcement cage of the exposed outer edge formwork component on the first side of the single-sided formwork, and weld the horizontal edge of the connecting support to the main structure below; at the same time, at the floor slab elevation, pre-embed anchoring connectors along the length of the exposed outer edge formwork component.

[0029] S4. Pour the first concrete to the design elevation, so that the bottom concrete of the exposed outer edge formwork component is integrated with the main structure.

[0030] S5. After the first concrete pour reaches the specified strength, the inner template and back rib system are set in sequence on the inner side of the exposed outer edge formwork component.

[0031] S6. After passing the other ends of all the tie rods through the exposed outer edge molded component, the inner template and the back rib system in sequence, lock and fix them so that the single-sided template and the inner template on both sides of the exposed outer edge molded component can be pulled together to bear the force; at the same time, diagonal braces are arranged at intervals along the length of the exposed outer edge molded component. The lower end of the diagonal brace is fastened to the reserved anchoring connector, and the upper end of the diagonal brace is fastened to the vertical back rib of the back rib system.

[0032] S7. After the template system consisting of the single-sided template and the inner template has passed the overall inspection, the second concrete pouring is carried out, pouring to the design elevation of the top surface of the exposed outer edge formwork component, so as to complete the forming construction of the exposed outer edge formwork component.

[0033] In the molding and construction method of the single-sided template unit and the exposed outer edge formwork component provided by the present invention, the single-sided template unit includes: a panel, a connecting support disposed at the bottom of the panel along the length direction of the panel, a back rib assembly disposed on the first side of the panel, and an installation assembly disposed on the second side of the panel. By adding a back rib assembly on one side of the panel, the two together form a combined stress section, effectively enhancing the lateral stiffness of the single-sided template and improving its ability to withstand the lateral pressure of concrete pouring; in addition, during the construction application stage, the oblique tension and support force applied to the single-sided template based on the oblique combined tie support component of the installation assembly can constrain the bidirectional displacement and overturning tendency of the single-sided template, resist the horizontal wind load during construction, and enable it to achieve self-stability without external scaffolding support, completing the initial positioning and fixing; subsequently, based on the tie connector of the installation assembly, the inner template and the single-sided template form an inner and outer tension stress system, directly offsetting the lateral pressure of concrete pouring. Therefore, the single-sided template designed by the present invention does not require any support frame to be set on the outside of the single-sided template to achieve the support of the single-sided template. Attached Figure Description

[0034] The above and other objects, features and advantages of this disclosure will become more apparent from the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals generally denote like parts.

[0035] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a single-sided template unit in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 This is a front view of a single-sided template unit in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 This is a top view of a single-sided template unit in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 This is a side view of a single-sided template unit in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the construction of the joint node between adjacent template units in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 6a This is a front view of the connection node between the tie rod and the single-sided template in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 6b This is a side view of the connection node between the pull-up connector and the single-sided template in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 6cThis is a top view of the connection node between the tie rod and the single-sided template in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the connection node between the connecting support and the main structure below it in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram after step S2 of the forming construction method for an exposed outer edge molded component in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram after step S5 of the molding construction method for exposed outer edge molded components in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram after step S7 of the molding construction method for an exposed outer edge molded component in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of a tie node formed during construction in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the completed construction state when the single-sided template unit of the present invention is applied to an actual project.

[0049] In the picture:

[0050] 100-Single-sided formwork unit; 1-Panel; 2-First back rib; 3-Second back rib; 4-Lifting lug; 5-Connecting support; 6-Weld; 7-Tie connector; 8-Tie reinforcement; 9-Supporting steel pipe; 10-Anchoring connector; 11-Diagonal brace; 200-Inner formwork. Detailed Implementation

[0051] The following detailed description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, further illustrates the molding and construction method of the single-sided template unit and the exposed outer edge molded component proposed in this invention. The advantages and features of this invention will become clearer from the following description and claims. It should be noted that the drawings are all in a very simplified form and use non-precise proportions, and are only used to facilitate and clarify the illustration of the embodiments of this invention.

[0052] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings are simplified schematic diagrams, illustrating only the basic structure of the invention, and therefore only show the components relevant to the invention.

[0053] In the description of the invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention.

[0054] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0055] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0056] Please refer to Figures 1 to 7 The single-sided template unit includes: a panel 1, a connecting support 5, a back rib assembly, and an installation assembly. The panel 1 has a first surface and a second surface, where the first surface is the load-bearing surface and the second surface is the forming surface. The connecting support 5 is disposed at the bottom of the panel 1 along its length. The back rib assembly is disposed on the first surface of the panel 1 and includes: multiple first back ribs 2, arranged parallel and at equal intervals along the width direction of the panel 1; and multiple second back ribs 3, spaced apart along the length direction of the panel 1, each second back rib 3 spanning all first back ribs 2. The components are fixed perpendicularly to each other, forming a grid-like frame. The width of each grid unit is a, and the height is b. The installation assembly is located on the second surface of the panel 1 and includes: multiple tie rods 7, spaced apart along the length of the panel 1, with one end of each tie rod 7 fixed to the second surface of the panel 1 and the other end extending perpendicularly to the panel 1 away from the second surface; and multiple obliquely combined tie support members, spaced apart along the length of the panel 1, with each obliquely combined tie support member positioned between the first back rib 2 and the main truss reinforcement of the floor slab.

[0057] The core concept of the single-sided formwork unit of this invention is: adopting a combined structural design of "panel + back rib", based on the simulation analysis of the lateral pressure on the single-sided formwork unit, calculating and optimizing the cross-sectional dimensions, spacing and arrangement of the first back rib and the second back rib, thereby significantly improving the lateral stiffness and overall strength of the single-sided steel formwork itself, so that it can independently meet the deformation control requirements of concrete pouring at 600~1500mm high edge turning openings; at the same time, the formwork system construction relies on the main structure to achieve bottom fixation and tie-up, completely eliminating the need for external scaffolding for support.

[0058] Preferably, in this embodiment, the first back rib 2 is the main back rib, and the second back rib 3 is the secondary back rib. The main back rib and the secondary back rib, together with the panel, form a whole under load, significantly improving the bending moment of inertia and resistance to lateral deformation of the formwork. Specifically, the main back rib is welded and fixed to the first side of the panel (the side facing away from the concrete), forming a whole under load with the panel, significantly improving the bending moment of inertia and resistance to lateral deformation of the formwork.

[0059] Main back ribs: Made of flat steel, 3~5mm thick and 40mm wide, they are arranged at equal intervals along the width of the panel. The spacing is determined by the concrete lateral pressure calculation. The commonly used module is 500mm. The height of the main back ribs is consistent with the design height of the exposed outer edge formwork component, providing the main bending bearing capacity for the single-sided formwork unit.

[0060] Secondary back ribs: Made of flat steel, 3-5mm thick and 40mm wide, 2-3 ribs are evenly arranged along the height of the panel and welded to all the main back ribs to form an integral steel frame, improving the out-of-plane stability and splicing integrity of the template unit.

[0061] In this embodiment, the connecting support is located at the bottom of a single-sided template unit and is made of Q235B hot-rolled steel plate. One side of the support is welded and fixed to the bottom of the panel 1 and the lower end of the first back rib, while the other side extends outward from the template and fits against the surface of the underlying main structure, serving as a force-transmitting component connecting the bottom of the template to the main structure. Preferably, the connecting support is an L-shaped connecting support, with the L-shape extending towards the second side of the panel to facilitate the fixed positioning of the bottom of the template during subsequent construction.

[0062] Preferably, each diagonal combined tie-bracing member includes: tie steel bar 8 and supporting steel pipe 9 sleeved on its outer side, where tie steel bar 8 is used to tie the structures at both ends, and supporting steel pipe 9 is used to provide supporting force.

[0063] For a better option, please refer to the following. Figure 11 The tie rod 7 is an L-shaped tie rod. In this embodiment, the L-shaped tie rod is preferably an L-shaped tie bolt. Based on the cooperation of the L-shaped tie bolt and the locking component (such as a mountain-shaped clip), the internal and external tie force system of the subsequent construction and installation process is realized.

[0064] To facilitate the on-site placement of single-sided formwork units and improve the efficiency of formwork transportation and installation, please refer to... Figures 1 to 5 The single-sided template unit is also provided with a lifting lug 4 on the top of the panel 1, and the number of lifting lugs 4 can be set as needed.

[0065] Furthermore, both the first back rib 2 and the second back rib 3 are cut from Q235B hot-rolled steel plates, with a thickness ranging from 3 to 5 mm and a width of 40 mm. The panel 1 is a Q235B hot-rolled steel plate. The panel 1 is also a cold-rolled steel plate with a yield strength greater than or equal to 250 MPa, a thickness ranging from 3.0 to 4.0 mm, and a width greater than or equal to 500 mm. When cold-rolled steel plates are used instead of Q235B hot-rolled steel plates, anti-deformation measures must be taken during welding, and post-weld correction must be performed to ensure the flatness of the panel.

[0066] It is understood that the material and dimensional parameters for the preparation of the first back rib, the second back rib, and the panel are not limited to the specific values ​​described in this embodiment; they are merely illustrative examples of preferred embodiments. In actual construction, the material, specifications, and dimensions of the above-mentioned components can be adaptively selected and adjusted according to specific engineering conditions.

[0067] Accordingly, this embodiment also provides a single-sided template, which is suitable for single-sided formwork of exposed outer edge formwork components (such as parapet walls / extended edge openings). The single-sided template includes several single-sided template units, with the sides of adjacent single-sided template units aligned and welded together. In other words, the single-sided template is assembled from several single-sided template units, with the sides of adjacent single-sided template units aligned and welded together to form an integrated template structure. By designing the single-sided template as a spliced ​​structure, the specifications of each single-sided template unit can be flexibly coordinated according to the actual size of the exposed outer edge formwork component to be constructed, realizing the modular preparation and assembly of the single-sided template, and improving the adaptability of the template to different working conditions and construction efficiency.

[0068] The single-sided template of this invention involves three connection nodes during the application of single-sided formwork for exposed outer edge formwork components:

[0069] 1) Please refer to the joint details of the single-sided template unit. Figure 5 When adjacent single-sided template units are spliced, the sides of the two units are aligned and fitted together, and a sealing strip is set on the inside of the joint to prevent grout leakage; the two units are effectively connected by weld 6 to ensure the overall flatness and coordinated stress performance of the template system after splicing.

[0070] 2) The tie-connector node is located at the tie points of the single-sided formwork unit along the height and width directions according to the calculated spacing, and is equipped with tie connectors. One end of the tie connector is welded and fixed to the inner side of the single-sided formwork, and the other end passes through the exposed outer edge formwork section, the inner formwork, and the inner rib system in sequence, and is then locked and fixed with locking components to form an inner and outer tie force system, which directly offsets the lateral pressure generated by concrete pouring, without the need for any external support structure.

[0071] 3) The bottom of the template unit is equipped with a connecting support. One side of the connecting support is welded and fixed to the bottom of the panel and the lower end of the main back rib. The other side is reliably connected to the steel beam of the main structure or the horizontal steel plate of the curtain wall flip node by intermittent welding during installation. This achieves the positioning, anti-slip and anti-overturning of the bottom of the template, and ensures the overall stability of the template system during the concrete pouring stage.

[0072] Accordingly, this embodiment also provides a molding and construction method for an exposed outer edge molded component. See below for reference. Figures 1 to 10 This embodiment details the molding and construction method for the exposed outer edge formwork component. This method employs a construction logic of "self-supporting and fixing of the outer formwork first, layered concrete pouring, and coordinated stress distribution between the inner and outer tension elements," eliminating the need for external scaffolding throughout the entire process. Specific steps are as follows:

[0073] First, please refer to Figures 1 to 5 In step S1, multiple single-sided template units are hoisted into place on the working surface, and all single-sided templates are spliced ​​together to form a single-sided template. The length and height of the single-sided template are consistent with the designed exposed outer edge molded component.

[0074] By rapidly assembling single-sided formwork units on-site to form a single-sided formwork as the outer formwork, construction efficiency is significantly improved and project costs are reduced. In this embodiment, the height range of the exposed outer edge formwork component is 600~1500mm.

[0075] Next, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 8 In step S2, multiple diagonal combined tie-up support members are arranged at intervals along the length of the panel 1 between the first back rib 2 and the main truss reinforcement of the floor deck slab, so that the single-sided formwork is self-supporting and fixed. Here, the included angle between the diagonal combined tie-up support members and the floor deck slab is in the range of 45°~60°.

[0076] Next, step S3 is performed, where the steel reinforcement frame of the exposed outer edge formwork component is tied on the first side of the single-sided formwork (i.e., the first side of panel 1), and the horizontal edge of the connecting support 5 is welded to the main structure below (please refer to...). Figure 9 and Figure 10Simultaneously, at the floor slab elevation, anchoring connectors 10 are pre-embedded along the length of the exposed outer edge formwork component. In this embodiment, the anchoring connector 10 is a short steel pipe, serving as the anchoring node for the subsequent inner formwork's diagonal brace 11 (please refer to...). Figure 10 ).

[0077] Specifically, the horizontal edge of the connecting support 5 is reliably welded to the upper flange of the main steel beam below, or the horizontal steel plate of the curtain wall flip-out node.

[0078] Next, please refer to Figure 9 Execute step S4 to pour the first concrete to the design elevation, so that the bottom concrete of the exposed outer edge formwork component is integrated with the floor slab structure.

[0079] During the first concrete pour, the concrete is poured simultaneously to form the bottom area of ​​the exposed outer edge formwork component and the floor slab structure, so that the two are solidified into a whole during this pour. The remaining part of the exposed outer edge formwork component is formed by subsequent construction processes (i.e., the second concrete pour). In this way, the concrete poured in the first pour provides support for the single-sided formwork, providing a reliable load-bearing base for the second pour of the exposed outer edge formwork component.

[0080] After the outer steel formwork is installed, similar to a cantilever structure, a section of concrete is poured at the bottom. The presence of concrete on the inner side of the formwork forms lateral support, reducing the cantilever length.

[0081] Next, please refer to Figure 9 In step S5, after the first pour of concrete reaches the specified strength, the diagonal combined tie-up support members are removed, and an inner formwork and back bracing system are installed on the inner side of the exposed outer edge formwork member. Here, the back bracing system includes horizontal back bracing and vertical back bracing. Since the construction method of the back bracing system is existing technology, it will not be described in detail here. In this embodiment, the horizontal back bracing is preferably a horizontal wooden back bracing, and the vertical back bracing is preferably a vertical steel pipe back bracing.

[0082] Next, please refer to Figures 6a to 6c In step S6, the other ends of all the tie rods 7 are sequentially passed through the exposed outer edge formwork component, the inner template, and the back rib system and then locked and fixed, so that the single-sided template and the inner template located on both sides of the exposed outer edge formwork component can be pulled and stressed together, so that the inner template and the outer template (i.e., the single-sided template) can form a whole and jointly bear the lateral pressure of concrete pouring; at the same time, diagonal braces 11 are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the exposed outer edge formwork component. The lower end of the diagonal brace 11 is fastened to the reserved anchoring connector 10, and the upper end of the diagonal brace 11 is fastened to the vertical back rib of the back rib system, so as to correct and ensure the overall verticality and anti-overturning performance of the entire template system.

[0083] Next, please refer to Figure 10 Execute step S7. After the template system consisting of the single-sided template and the inner template has passed the overall inspection, the second concrete pouring is carried out. The concrete is poured to the design elevation of the top surface of the exposed outer edge formwork component to complete the forming construction of the exposed outer edge formwork component.

[0084] The following section uses an exposed outer edge formwork component as an example to illustrate the parapet wall forming process in detail, so as to understand the forming construction method of the present invention. The specific details are as follows:

[0085] After completing the installation of the steel truss floor slab, the parapet wall edge line and the outer formwork installation control line are marked according to the construction drawings. The prefabricated formwork units are then hoisted to the work surface using lifting lugs, and the verticality and edge line of the formwork are adjusted. The connection supports for the single-sided formwork are installed according to... Figure 9 Weld 6 in the middle is connected and fixed to the main structure.

[0086] Next, please refer to Figure 8 The two ends of the tie bar 8 are bent, and the upper end is welded to the first back rib 2 of the single-sided formwork unit, and the lower end is welded to the main truss reinforcement of the steel truss floor slab. The tie bar 8 is sleeved with a supporting steel pipe 9 to form an oblique combined tie support component, which is evenly spaced along the length of the flip-open section. By constraining the bidirectional displacement of the formwork (i.e., perpendicular to the direction of the single-sided formwork, one direction is outward (e.g., the outside of the flip-open section, i.e., the side of the floor facing the air), and the other is inward (the inside of the flip-open section, i.e., the side facing the inside of the building) and the overturning tendency of the formwork by the oblique tension and support force, the single-sided formwork can achieve self-stability without the support of external scaffolding, complete the initial positioning and fixation, and resist the horizontal wind load during construction, ensuring the safety of the high-altitude edge construction project.

[0087] After the single-sided formwork is fixed and accepted, the vertical reinforcing bars and horizontal distribution bars of the edge opening are tied according to the design drawings to form a complete opening reinforcement skeleton; at the same time, anchoring connectors 10 are pre-embedded along the length of the opening at the floor slab elevation as connection points for the subsequent inner formwork diagonal bracing.

[0088] After the concealed acceptance of the steel reinforcement project is passed, the first concrete pouring is carried out, and the pouring height is up to the design required elevation, so that the concrete at the bottom of the opening and the floor slab structure form an integral whole. The already poured concrete structure supports the single-sided formwork, providing a reliable load-bearing base for the second pouring of the opening.

[0089] After the first concrete pour (forming the first layer of concrete) reaches the specified strength, the diagonal combined tie support components are removed, and the inner formwork is assembled on the inside of the opening. Horizontal and vertical back ribs are set on the back of the inner formwork to form a back rib system.

[0090] Please refer to Figure 10 and Figure 11 One end of the tie rod 7 is passed through the inner formwork and the back rib system of the inner formwork (including horizontal and vertical back ribs), and fixed to the vertical back rib with a U-shaped clip, so that the single-sided formwork and the inner formwork form a coordinated tension-bearing system to jointly bear the lateral pressure of concrete pouring. At the same time, diagonal braces 11 are set and evenly spaced along the length of the opening. The lower end of the diagonal brace is fastened to the anchoring connector 10 embedded in the floor slab with a fastener, and the upper end is fastened to the vertical back rib of the inner formwork with a fastener, which further corrects and ensures the overall verticality and anti-overturning performance of the formwork system.

[0091] After the template system passes the overall inspection, the second concrete pouring will be carried out, pouring it to the design elevation of the top surface of the flip-up wall in one go, thus completing the forming construction of the flip-up wall of the adjacent parapet wall.

[0092] It should be noted that, for the sake of simplicity, the foregoing method embodiments are all described as a series of actions. However, those skilled in the art should understand that this application is not limited to the described order of actions, as some steps may be performed in other orders or simultaneously according to this application. Furthermore, those skilled in the art should also understand that the embodiments described in the specification are preferred embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily essential to this application.

[0093] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.

[0094] In summary, the molding and construction method for the single-sided template unit and the exposed outer edge molded component provided by this invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0095] 1) Excellent stiffness performance, meeting the flatness requirements of high-profile arches / parapet walls.

[0096] Through the combined stress-bearing design of "panel + back rib", the overall lateral stiffness of the formwork is significantly improved compared with pure steel plate formwork of the same thickness; for the edge turning opening with a height of 600~1500mm, under the action of standard concrete lateral pressure, the surface unevenness value within 2m can be controlled within 3mm, which is better than the standard limit of 8mm; there is no need to simply increase the thickness of the steel plate, and the material utilization rate is greatly improved.

[0097] 2) No need to erect external scaffolding, resulting in significant economic benefits.

[0098] The formwork system itself bears the main bending force and transfers the load to the main structure through tie-and-stretcher connections and bottom fixation, without the need for ground scaffolding or cantilever scaffolding; it is especially suitable for the construction of exposed outer edge formwork components (such as top-floor parapet walls and local high-rise openings) in high-rise buildings.

[0099] Please refer to Figure 12 After being verified in a real engineering project, the single-project construction cost was reduced by 250,000 yuan compared with the traditional scaffolding solution, demonstrating a significant cost reduction effect.

[0100] 3) High construction efficiency, significantly shortening the construction period

[0101] The formwork units are prefabricated in the factory and assembled modularly on site to form the formwork, eliminating all the steps of erecting and dismantling external scaffolding. The installation cycle of a single section of formwork is shortened by more than 60% compared to traditional methods. Moreover, without external scaffolding obstruction, it can be carried out simultaneously with the construction of the exterior curtain wall, without any cross-process interference, effectively reducing the overall construction period.

[0102] 4) Low security risk and strong modular adaptability

[0103] Eliminating external high-altitude scaffolding work significantly reduces safety risks such as falls from heights and being struck by objects; the formwork adopts a standardized modular design, which can be adapted to the construction of edge openings of different heights and lengths.

[0104] The above description is merely a description of preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way. Any changes or modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the above disclosure shall fall within the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A single-sided template unit, characterized in that, include: The panel has a first side and a second side facing each other; A connecting support is provided at the bottom of the panel along the length of the panel; Back rib assembly, disposed on the first side of the panel, includes: Multiple first back ribs are arranged in parallel at equal intervals along the width direction of the panel; Multiple second back ribs are spaced apart along the length of the panel, with each second back rib spanning all the first back ribs and fixed perpendicularly to them, together forming a grid-like frame. Mounting components, disposed on the second side of the panel, include: Multiple pull connectors are arranged at intervals along the length of the panel. One end of each pull connector is fixed to the second surface of the panel, and the other end extends perpendicularly to the panel in a direction away from the second surface. Multiple diagonally combined tie-up support members are arranged at intervals along the length of the panel, and each diagonally combined tie-up support member is disposed between the first back rib and the truss main reinforcement of the floor deck.

2. The single-sided template unit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Each diagonal combined tie-bracing member includes: tie bars and a supporting steel pipe sleeved on its outer side.

3. The single-sided template unit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The pull-tab connector is an L-shaped pull-tab connector.

4. The single-sided template unit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The lifting lugs are located at the top of the panel.

5. The single-sided template unit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first back rib is the primary back rib, and the second back rib is the secondary back rib.

6. The single-sided template unit as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, Both the first back rib and the second back rib are made from Q235B hot-rolled steel plates, with a thickness ranging from 3 to 5 mm and a width of 40 mm.

7. The single-sided template unit as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The panel is made of Q235B hot-rolled steel plate.

8. The single-sided template unit as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The panel is a cold-rolled steel plate with a yield strength greater than or equal to 250 MPa, a thickness ranging from 3.0 to 4.0 mm, and a width greater than or equal to 500 mm.

9. A single-sided template, suitable for single-sided formwork support of exposed outer edge formwork components, characterized in that, include: Several single-sided template units as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the sides of two adjacent single-sided template units are aligned and welded together.

10. A method for forming and constructing an exposed outer edge molded component, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Hoist multiple single-sided template units as described in any one of claims 1 to 8 into the working surface, and splice all the single-sided templates to form a single-sided template, wherein the length and height of the single-sided template are consistent with the designed exposed outer edge molded component; S2. Between the first back rib and the main truss reinforcement of the floor deck, multiple diagonal combined tie-bracing members are arranged at intervals along the length of the panel to make the single-sided template self-supporting and fixed. S3. Tie the steel reinforcement cage of the exposed outer edge formwork component on the first side of the single-sided formwork, and weld the horizontal edge of the connecting support to the main structure below; at the same time, at the floor slab elevation, pre-embed anchoring connectors along the length of the exposed outer edge formwork component. S4. Pour the first concrete to the design elevation, so that the bottom concrete of the exposed outer edge formwork component is integrated with the main structure. S5. After the first concrete pour reaches the specified strength, the inner template and back rib system are set in sequence on the inner side of the exposed outer edge formwork component. S6. After passing the other ends of all the tie rods through the exposed outer edge molded component, the inner template and the back rib system in sequence, lock and fix them so that the single-sided template and the inner template on both sides of the exposed outer edge molded component can be pulled together to bear the force; at the same time, diagonal braces are arranged at intervals along the length of the exposed outer edge molded component. The lower end of the diagonal brace is fastened to the reserved anchoring connector, and the upper end of the diagonal brace is fastened to the vertical back rib of the back rib system. S7. After the template system consisting of the single-sided template and the inner template has passed the overall inspection, the second concrete pouring is carried out, pouring to the design elevation of the top surface of the exposed outer edge formwork component, so as to complete the forming construction of the exposed outer edge formwork component.

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