Green energy-saving outer window system

Abstract

A kind of green energy-saving outer window system, including window frame, sliding window and stable inlay in the profile frame of sliding window type electric chromic glass unit.For overcoming the problem that exposed cable is vulnerable to mechanical damage in the frequent opening and closing of sliding window and causes safety hazard, the present application uses the mechanical hinge mechanism connected between sliding window and window frame to realize the conductive connection between electric connectors.The connecting rod of the hinge mechanism is coated with an insulating anti-corrosion coating on the outside, and fixed conductive elements and movable conductive elements that move with the connecting rod are arranged inside the rotating joint, so that the driving power of external power supply can be transmitted to the electrode strip of electric chromic glass in a hidden and safe manner.The present application also effectively solves the problems of stress self-rotation and contact resistance change when the hinge is opened through the design of half-ring torque-preventing conductive structure and double-sided hinge power supply compensation, ensuring the light modulation stability of electric chromic glass and the service life of the system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of green building energy conservation, and specifically relates to a green energy-saving exterior window system. Background Technology

[0002] With the escalating global energy crisis and increasingly stringent building energy efficiency standards, energy conservation and emission reduction in the building sector have become crucial for achieving green and sustainable development. Heat exchange through external windows accounts for a significant proportion of overall building energy consumption; therefore, the adoption of novel intelligent dimming glass is of great importance in reducing building energy consumption. Electrochromic glass, as a dynamic intelligent dimming material, can reversibly change its color and light transmittance under the influence of an external electric field, thereby actively regulating the transmittance of solar radiation. In summer, it effectively blocks solar heat from entering the room, significantly reducing the cooling load on air conditioning; in winter, it maintains high light transmittance, fully utilizing solar heating and improving natural indoor lighting. Based on these excellent photothermal regulation properties, electrochromic glass has demonstrated enormous application potential and market prospects in modern green and energy-efficient buildings.

[0003] However, in practical building window applications, the engineering implementation of electrochromic glass still faces technical challenges in structural design. To meet the rigid requirements of indoor ventilation and fire smoke extraction, building windows typically consist of a fixed window frame and an operable sash. When electrochromic glass is installed on an operable sash, the glass still needs to change its color even when the sash is open (e.g., under strong sunlight but with the need for natural ventilation). This necessitates maintaining a stable and continuous electrical connection between the fixed window frame and the operable sash. To achieve this, existing technologies typically use flexible cables or metal conduits to establish a direct electrical connection between the window frame and the sash.

[0004] This traditional cable bridging method has revealed numerous insurmountable defects in long-term practical use. Firstly, because windows are frequently opened and closed during daily use, the bridging cables inevitably undergo repeated bending and stretching. Long-term mechanical fatigue can easily lead to breakage of the internal cable core or damage to the external insulation layer. This not only causes the dimming function of electrochromic glass to fail but may also lead to serious safety hazards such as leakage and short circuits. Secondly, exposed or redundant cable structures can damage the overall aesthetics of high-end building facades and interior decorations. Furthermore, when cables pass through the profile cavities of window frames and sashes, they often disrupt the continuity of the original thermal break insulation layer and multiple sealing strip systems, significantly weakening the overall thermal insulation, waterproofing, sound insulation, and airtightness of the exterior window.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field to design a new type of green and energy-saving window system that aims to completely avoid the reliability, safety and structural sealing problems caused by traditional cable connections, and to ensure the free opening and ventilation of windows while achieving the safe and stable operation of electrochromic glass. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a green and energy-saving exterior window system to solve the technical problems in the prior art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A green and energy-saving window system includes: Window frames that are fixedly installed on the building walls; A sliding window that can be opened and closed relative to the window frame; An electrochromic glass unit is securely embedded inside the frame of the sliding window profile. The electrochromic glass unit has an input terminal with clearly distinguishable positive and negative polarities, including a first electrode strip and a second electrode strip. It also includes a hinge mechanism connecting the window frame and the sliding window, which uses the mechanical hinge mechanism connecting the sliding window and the window frame to achieve a conductive connection between the electrical connectors; The hinge mechanism includes a window frame hinge seat fixedly installed on the window frame of the building fixture, a sliding window hinge seat fixedly installed on the sliding window of the movable component, and at least one connecting rod for connecting the two. The connecting rod is hinged to the hinge seat or other connecting rod through a rotary joint and / or a sliding hinge joint. The connecting rod and hinge seat are coated with an insulating and rust-proof coating. The rotating joint is provided with a fixed conductive element for connecting external wires and a movable conductive element provided on the connecting rod and / or hinge seat. During the relative rotation of the connecting rod, the fixed conductive element and the movable conductive element maintain contact to conduct current, so that the driving power of the external power supply is transmitted to the first electrode bar and / or the second electrode bar only through the connecting rod and hinge seat of the hinge.

[0008] Preferably, the at least one link includes a first link, a second link, and a third link; One end of the first connecting rod is hinged to the window frame hinge seat via a first rotary joint, and the other end is hinged to the sliding window hinge seat via a second rotary joint. One end of the second link is hinged to the window frame hinge seat via a third rotary joint, and the other end is hinged to the middle of the third link via a fourth rotary joint. One end of the third link is slidably hinged to the window frame hinge seat via a sliding hinge joint, and the other end is hinged to the sliding window hinge seat via a fifth rotary joint.

[0009] Preferably, in a single-sided or double-sided hinge mechanism: The positive current from the external power supply is transmitted sequentially to the first electrode bar through the first rotary joint, the first connecting rod, and the second rotary joint. The negative current from the external power supply is transmitted sequentially through the third rotary joint, the second connecting rod, the fourth rotary joint, the third connecting rod, and the fifth rotary joint to the second electrode bar.

[0010] Preferably, the rotary joint further includes a pin and an insulating ring made of an insulating and wear-resistant material; The pin passes through the inside of the insulating ring to achieve the hinge connection between the upper and lower components; The fixed conductive element passes through the through hole of the lower hinge component and the insulating ring, and its top protrudes from the top of the insulating ring; The movable conductive element is embedded inside the groove of the upper hinge component, with its bottom tightly attached to the top of the fixed conductive element.

[0011] Preferably, a connecting groove is provided between the fixed conductive element and the movable conductive element at both ends of the same connecting rod, along the extension direction of the connecting rod; The connecting groove is embedded with a copper wire, and the copper wire is covered with a rubber insulation layer, which is flush with the outer surface of the connecting rod to ensure insulation between the copper wire and the rod body.

[0012] Preferably, the fixed conductive element is a semi-arc ring metal conductive element; the movable conductive element is a circular ring metal conductive structure, and the matching groove is a circular annular groove structure.

[0013] Preferably, the fixed conductive element is a semi-arc ring metal conductive element; the movable conductive element is a semi-circular metal conductive structure, the size and shape of which are consistent with the semi-circular shape of the corresponding fixed conductive element, and the matching groove is a semi-circular groove.

[0014] Preferably, when the hinge mechanism is in the closed state, the opening of the semi-annular groove on the connecting rod and the window frame hinge seat is fully connected to the through hole where the fixed conductive element is located without misalignment, so that the semi-annular movable conductive element and the corresponding fixed conductive element have the maximum semi-annular contact area.

[0015] Preferably, the outer window system is provided with a left hinge mechanism and a right hinge mechanism on the left and right sides, respectively, which together supply power to the first electrode strip and the second electrode strip; The position of the through hole for mounting and fixing conductive components on the connecting rod and window frame hinge seat of the right hinge mechanism is on the opposite side to the position of the corresponding through hole in the left hinge mechanism.

[0016] Preferably, when the right hinge mechanism is in the closed state, its movable conductive element and fixed conductive element are completely offset from each other, and the contact area is almost zero. During the process of the hinge mechanism opening from closed to maximum state caused by the opening and closing of the sliding window, the contact area of ​​the rotating joint at the same location in the right hinge mechanism is equal to the contact area of ​​the left hinge mechanism. The change in resistance is compensated by the mutual compensation of the contact areas on the left and right sides, so that the change in current applied to the two electrode strips is minimized.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are: A mechanical hinge mechanism connecting the sliding window and the window frame is used to achieve conductive connections between electrical connectors, replacing exposed cables. The hinge linkage is coated with an insulating and corrosion-resistant coating, and the rotating joint contains a fixed conductive element and a circular movable conductive element. The wires are hidden inside the linkage and profile, solving the problem that traditional exposed cables are prone to mechanical fatigue damage, breakage, and serious safety hazards such as short circuits or leakage caused by frequent opening and closing of sliding windows. It avoids the damage to the original window insulation and waterproofing layers caused by perforated wiring. The internal concealed wiring effectively prevents mechanical damage and insulation aging of the wires during assembly and long-term use, and does not interfere with the edge sealing structure of the double-glazed glass, ensuring a minimalist and clean window appearance.

[0018] The hinge system can retain and utilize only the electrical connectors on the window frame and sliding window on one side of the exterior window, along with the single-sided hinge mechanism, to power the electrochromic glass. Positive and negative currents are independently conducted through different combinations of rotating joints and links within this single-sided hinge. This achieves cable-free, concealed wiring while simultaneously transmitting both positive and negative electrical energy via a single-sided hinge.

[0019] The movable conductive element in the rotary joint is designed as a semi-annular metal conductive structure, embedded in a corresponding semi-annular groove on the hinge link or hinge seat. In the closed state, the semi-annular movable conductive element and its corresponding fixed conductive element have the maximum semi-annular contact area. This solves the problem of rotation caused by torque on annular conductive elements during interference contact friction. The semi-annular groove effectively restricts the rotation of the movable conductive element, preventing misalignment, weld breakage, or sliding contact failure at the connection between the conductive element and the internal copper wire end, significantly improving the service life and reliability of the internal conductive structure of the hinge. Even when the hinge is fully open, a large contact area is maintained to ensure stable current transmission.

[0020] The system employs both hinges on the left and right sides for simultaneous positive and negative power supply. The through-hole for fixing the conductive element on the right hinge is positioned opposite to that on the left hinge (i.e., a mirror image of the arc-shaped center of the through-hole). When the window is fully closed, the movement on one side coincides perfectly with the fixed conductive element, maximizing contact, while the movement on the other side is completely offset, with almost zero contact area. This solves the problem of resistance changes and subsequent glass tinting instability caused by the reduced contact area of ​​a single-sided semi-circular conductive element during window opening. During the sliding window's transition from closed to fully open, the increased contact area on one side of the rotating joint is almost equal to the decreased contact area on the other side. This mutual compensation of the contact areas on both hinge sides effectively offsets resistance changes, minimizing current variations applied to the positive and negative electrode strips. This fundamentally ensures the stable dimming performance and lifespan of the electrochromic glass during the opening and closing of the sliding window. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is an overall structural diagram of the external window system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure connecting the sliding window and the window frame in the hinged state in Embodiment 1; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure connecting the sliding window and the window frame when the hinge is fully closed in Embodiment 1; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the electrical conduction path connecting the left hinge to the second window frame electrical connector and the second sliding window electrical connector in Embodiment 1. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the electrical conduction path connecting the right hinge to the first window frame electrical connector and the first sliding window electrical connector in Embodiment 1; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the hinge in Embodiment 1; Figures 7-13 This is an exploded view of the specific structure of the rotary joint in Embodiment 1 and its components. Figure 1 ; Figures 14-15 This is a schematic diagram of the hinge seat of the sliding window in Embodiment 1; Figures 16-18 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first connecting rod in Embodiment 1; Figures 19-20 This is a schematic diagram of the second connecting rod in Embodiment 1; Figure 21 This is a structural schematic diagram of the window frame hinge seat in Embodiment 1; Figures 22-23 This is a schematic diagram of the third link in Embodiment 1; Figures 24-25This is a schematic diagram illustrating the specific pathway for electrical energy transmission through the internal structure of the hinges on both sides in Embodiment 1. Figure 26 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the outer window in Embodiment 2; Figure 27 This is a schematic diagram of the electrical connection method in Embodiment 2, in which the external conductor supplies power to the positive and negative electrode strips through a single-sided hinge; Figure 28 This is an installation diagram of the circular movable conductive element embedded in the annular groove on the hinge seat of the sliding window in Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2; Figure 29 yes Figure 28 Enlarged view of the area indicated by the dashed line; Figure 30 yes Figure 29 Enlarged view of the solid line portion of the rectangle; Figure 31 This is a schematic diagram of the semi-annular movable conductive element in Embodiment 3; Figure 32 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the hinge with the corresponding semi-annular groove structure in Embodiment 3; Figures 33-37 This is a structural schematic diagram of the sliding window hinge seat, the third link, the second link, the first link, and the window frame hinge seat in Embodiment 3; Figure 38 This is a schematic diagram comparing the contact between the semi-circular movable conductive element and the fixed conductive element in the closed and fully opened states of each rotating joint of the hinge in Embodiment 3. Figure 39 This is a schematic diagram of the overall situation in Embodiment 4, which uses a power supply method with left and right double-sided electrode strips to compensate for resistance changes. Figure 40 This is a schematic diagram of the conductive connection structure of the right hinge used for resistance compensation in Embodiment 4; Figures 41-45 This is a structural schematic diagram of the sliding window hinge seat, third link, second link, first link, and window frame hinge seat of the right hinge in Embodiment 4; Figure 46 This is a schematic diagram showing the contact between the movable conductive element and the fixed conductive element of each rotating joint of the right hinge in Embodiment 4, when the hinge is closed and at its maximum open state. The meanings of the reference numerals in the figure are as follows: Window frame: 100; Sliding window: 200; Electrochromic glass unit: 300; First electrode strip (positive electrode): 301; Second electrode strip (negative electrode): 302; First window frame electrical connector: 101; Second window frame electrical connector: 102; First sliding window electrical connector: 201; Second sliding window electrical connector: 202; External conductor 1: 101a, External conductor 2: 101b, External conductor 3: 102a, External conductor 4: 102b; Internal wire 1: 201a, Internal wire 2: 201b, Internal wire 3: 202a, Internal wire 4: 202b; First internal terminal: 402g, Second internal terminal: 402h; Hinge 1: 400, Hinge 2: 400', Hinge 3: 700; Window frame hinge seat 1: 401, Window frame hinge seat 2: 401', Window frame hinge seat 3: 701; Sliding window hinge seat 1: 402, sliding window hinge seat 2: 402', sliding window hinge seat 3: 702; First Link 1: 403, First Link 2: 403', First Link 3: 703; Second Link 1: 404, Second Link 2: 404', Second Link 3: 704; Third link 1: 405, Third link 2: 405', Third link 3: 705; Rotational joint: 500; First rotary joint 1: 406, first rotary joint 2: 406', first rotary joint 3: 706; Second rotary joint one: 407, second rotary joint two: 407', second rotary joint three: 707; Third rotational joint 1: 408, Third rotational joint 2: 408', Third rotational joint 3: 708; Fourth rotational joint 1: 409, Fourth rotational joint 2: 409', Fourth rotational joint 3: 709; Fifth rotational joint 1: 410, Fifth rotational joint 2: 410', Fifth rotational joint 3: 710; Sliding hinge joint: 411; Fixed conductive element: 503; Active conductive element one: 504; Active conductive element two: 505; Copper wire: 601; Rubber insulation layer: 602; Insulating ring: 502; Lower extension: 502a; Upper extension: 502b; Arc-shaped through hole: 502c; Pin: 501; Lower limit header: 501a; First column: 501b; Second column: 501c; Upper limit header: 501d; First mounting hole 1: 401a, First mounting hole 2: 401a', First mounting hole 3: 701a; Second mounting hole 1: 401b, Second mounting hole 2: 401b', Second mounting hole 3: 701b; Third mounting hole 1: 403a, Third mounting hole 2: 403a', Third mounting hole 3: 703a; Fourth mounting hole 1: 403b, Fourth mounting hole 2: 403b', Fourth mounting hole 3: 703b; Fifth mounting hole 1: 402a, Fifth mounting hole 2: 402a', Fifth mounting hole 3: 702a; Sixth mounting hole 1: 402b, Sixth mounting hole 2: 402b', Sixth mounting hole 3: 702b; Seventh mounting hole 1: 404a, Seventh mounting hole 2: 404a', Seventh mounting hole 3: 704a; Eighth mounting hole 1: 404b, Eighth mounting hole 2: 404b', Eighth mounting hole 3: 704b; Ninth mounting hole one: 405b, Ninth mounting hole two: 405b', Ninth mounting hole three: 705b; Tenth mounting hole 1: 405c, Tenth mounting hole 2: 405c', Tenth mounting hole 3: 705c; Sliding mounting hole 1: 405a, sliding mounting hole 2: 405a', sliding mounting hole 3: 705a; First through hole 1: 401c, First through hole 2: 401c', First through hole 3: 701c; Second through hole one: 401d, second through hole two: 401d', second through hole three: 701d; Third through hole one: 403d, third through hole two: 403d', third through hole three: 703d; Fourth through hole one: 404d, fourth through hole two: 404d', fourth through hole three: 704d; Fifth through hole one: 405e, fifth through hole two: 405e', fifth through hole three: 705e; First annular groove one: 403c, first annular groove two: 403c', first annular groove three: 703c; Second annular groove one: 402c, second annular groove two: 402c', second annular groove three: 702c; Third annular groove one: 402d, third annular groove two: 402d', third annular groove three: 702d; Fourth annular groove one: 404c, fourth annular groove two: 404c', fourth annular groove three: 704c; Fifth annular groove one: 405d, fifth annular groove two: 405d', fifth annular groove three: 705d; First connecting slot 1: 403e, First connecting slot 2: 403e', First connecting slot 3: 703e; Second connecting slot one: 402e, second connecting slot two: 402e', second connecting slot three: 702e; Third connecting slot one: 402f, third connecting slot two: 402f', third connecting slot three: ,702f; Fourth connecting slot one: 404e, fourth connecting slot two: 404e', fourth connecting slot three: 704e; Fifth connecting slot 1: 405f, Fifth connecting slot 2: 405f', Fifth connecting slot 3: 705f. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in the embodiments of this specification, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this specification will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this specification, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this specification, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art should fall within the scope of protection.

[0023] Example 1: Combined with appendix Figure 1-26 The present invention provides a detailed description of the overall structure, electrical circuit and working principle of a first specific embodiment of a green and energy-saving window system according to the present invention.

[0024] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a green and energy-saving exterior window system. In terms of overall structure, the system is mainly composed of a window frame 100 fixedly installed on the building wall, a sliding window 200 that can be opened and closed relative to the window frame 100, and an electrochromic glass unit 300 stably embedded in the profile frame of the sliding window 200.

[0025] As the core color-changing carrier for achieving green energy saving and intelligent photothermal regulation in this system, the electrochromic glass unit 300 can dynamically adapt to the external photothermal environment by adjusting its light transmittance. To provide a driving electric field to the electrochromic material, the electrochromic glass unit 300 has input terminals with clearly distinguishable positive and negative polarities. Specifically, a first electrode strip 301, serving as the positive electrode, is arranged parallel to the longitudinal direction on the right edge of the electrochromic glass unit 300, while a second electrode strip 302, serving as the negative electrode, is symmetrically arranged on its left edge.

[0026] From the basic physicochemical principle of electrochromism achieved by electrode strips, electrochromic glass contains a multi-layered thin-film structure, mainly including a transparent conductive layer, an electrochromic layer, an ion conductor layer, and an ion storage layer. When an external control system applies a specific DC driving voltage between the first electrode strip 301 (positive electrode) and the second electrode strip 302 (negative electrode), a uniform driving electric field is formed between the internal transparent conductive layers. This electric field drives the active ions (such as lithium ions or hydrogen ions) in the ion conductor layer to migrate directionally and inject into the electrochromic layer, accompanied by the injection of electrons from the external circuit, thereby triggering a reversible redox reaction in the electrochromic material. This electrochemical reaction directly changes the optical absorption characteristics of the material for visible and near-infrared light, causing the electrochromic glass unit 300 to gradually and smoothly transition from a highly transparent state to a low-transmittance colored state, thus intelligently blocking solar heat radiation from entering the room; conversely, applying a reverse voltage can cause it to fade and return to transparency. Therefore, the first electrode strip 301 and the second electrode strip 302, which clearly distinguish the positive and negative polarities, serve as the terminals of the entire power input circuit. The continuity and polarity stability of their power supply path directly determine the dimming performance and service life of the entire external window system.

[0027] In order to safely and covertly provide driving power to the first electrode strip 301 and the second electrode strip 302, which have different positive and negative polarities, such as Figure 1 As shown, the first sliding window electrical connector 201 and the second sliding window electrical connector 202 are respectively provided inside the left and right side frames of the sliding window 200.

[0028] In this embodiment, the first sliding window electrical connector 201 located within the right side frame of the sliding window 200 serves as the distribution hub for positive electrical energy and is adjacent to the positive first electrode strip 301; the second sliding window electrical connector 202 located within the left side frame serves as the distribution hub for negative electrical energy and is adjacent to the negative second electrode strip 302.

[0029] The frame of the sliding window 200 adopts a profile structure with an internal cavity, a design known in the art, which provides an excellent physical channel for concealed wiring of internal wires. Specifically, in this embodiment, on the positive power supply side, the first sliding window electrical connector 201 is provided with two electrodes, which are precisely electrically connected to the first electrode strip 301 through two internal positive wires, namely internal wire one 201a and internal wire two 201b. Figure 1 As can be seen, internal wire 201a is connected to the top longitudinal end of the first electrode strip 301, while internal wire 201b is connected to the bottom longitudinal end of the first electrode strip 301. The dual-point power supply design ensures that the positive voltage is evenly distributed on the long strip-shaped first electrode strip 301, avoiding uneven coloring caused by voltage drop due to large area of ​​glass.

[0030] Similarly, on the negative power supply side, the second sliding window electrical connector 202 is connected to the longitudinal top and bottom ends of the negative polarity second electrode strip 302 via two corresponding internal negative wires, namely internal wire three 202a and internal wire four 202b, to achieve balanced conduction of the negative current. The aforementioned internal wires one 201a, two 201b, three 202a, and four 202b are all neatly housed in concealed wiring channels within the sliding window 200 profile, effectively preventing mechanical damage, wear, and insulation aging of the wires during window sash manufacturing, assembly, and subsequent long-term use. This avoids interference with the edge sealing structure of the insulating glass, ensuring the minimalist and clean overall appearance of the sliding window 200. The use of wiring channels within the profile is existing technology in this field and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0031] Correspondingly, such as Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, a first window frame electrical connector 101 and a second window frame electrical connector 102 are symmetrically arranged on the fixedly installed window frame 100 to receive external main control power and distinguish polarity. The first window frame electrical connector 101, as the positive input terminal, is located on the right vertical profile of the window frame 100, spatially corresponding to the first sliding window electrical connector 201 on the sliding window 200, and introduces the positive current of the external power supply through external wire 101a and external wire 201b. The second window frame electrical connector 102, as the negative input terminal, is located on the left vertical profile of the window frame 100, spatially corresponding to the second sliding window electrical connector 202, and introduces the negative current of the external power supply through external wire 3102a and external wire 4102b.

[0032] In the prior art, the conductive connections between the first window frame electrical connector 101 and the first sliding window electrical connector 201, and between the second window frame electrical connector 102 and the second sliding window electrical connector 202, typically rely on exposed flexible cables. However, such exposed cables are susceptible to long-term mechanical fatigue damage during the frequent opening and closing of the sliding window 200, making them prone to breakage and causing serious safety hazards such as positive and negative short circuits or leakage. Furthermore, perforated wiring can damage the original heat insulation and waterproofing layers of the exterior window.

[0033] Based on the above-mentioned technical problems, this embodiment utilizes a mechanical hinge mechanism connecting the sliding window 200 and the window frame 100 to achieve a conductive connection between the sliding window electrical connector and the window frame electrical connector.

[0034] In specific implementation, a positive conduction path is established between the first window frame electrical connector 101 and the first sliding window electrical connector 201 located on the right side of the window through the right-side hinge mechanism, while a negative conduction path is established between the second window frame electrical connector 102 and the second sliding window electrical connector 202 located on the left side of the window through the left-side hinge mechanism. In this embodiment, the right-side hinge mechanism and the left-side hinge mechanism are hinges 400 with the same structure. Figure 2 The diagram shown is a schematic of hinge 400 connecting the sliding window 200 and the window frame 100 in this embodiment. Figure 2 The hinge 400 is in the open position. Figure 3 The hinge 400 is in the closed state.

[0035] based on Figure 2 The hinge 400 shown depicts its structure and component assembly relationship. This hinge mechanism is mainly composed of two base fixing seats and three intermediate rigid connecting rods. Specifically, hinge 400 includes a window frame hinge seat 401 fixedly installed on the window frame 100 profile of the building fixture, a sliding window hinge seat 402 fixedly installed on the sliding window 200 frame profile of the movable component, and three connecting rods 403, 404, and 405 for connecting the sliding window hinge seat 402 and the window frame hinge seat 401. The rods of the first connecting rod 403, second connecting rod 404, and third connecting rod 405 are made of metal and coated with an insulating and rust-resistant coating to prevent corrosion and conduct electricity.

[0036] Both the window frame hinge seat 401 and the sliding window hinge seat 402 are equipped with mounting holes and fasteners for mechanical anchoring to the window frame profile. Figure 1Taking the right side as an example, the window frame hinge seat 401 and the sliding window hinge seat 402 serve as mechanical connection structures between the sliding window 200 and the window frame 100. On the other hand, the right-side window frame hinge seat 401 directly serves as the first window frame electrical connector 101 on the right side of the external window system. It has internal terminals for directly connecting external wires 101a and 101b from the wiring cavity of the window frame 100. The sliding window hinge seat 402, corresponding to the right-side window frame hinge seat 401, serves as the first sliding window electrical connector 201, for receiving current and outputting it to the internal wires 201a and 201b of the sliding window 200.

[0037] The first link 403, the second link 404, and the third link 405 are respectively connected to the corresponding reserved holes on the window frame hinge seat 401 and the sliding window hinge seat 402 through cylindrical pins or rotary joint units, thus forming a planar composite motion mechanism with multiple hinge points.

[0038] Specifically, such as Figure 2 , 6 As shown, one end of the first link 403 is hinged to the window frame hinge seat 401 via the first rotary joint 406, and the other end is hinged to the sliding window hinge seat 402 via the second rotary joint 407. One end of the second link 404 is hinged to the window frame hinge seat 401 via the third rotary joint 408, and the other end is hinged to the middle of the third link 405 via the fourth rotary joint 409. One end of the third link 405 is slidably hinged to the window frame hinge seat 401 via the sliding hinge joint 411, and the other end is hinged to the sliding window hinge seat 402 via the fifth rotary joint 410.

[0039] Figure 2 This illustration demonstrates the overall mechanical form of hinge 400 when the exterior window system is in the open (i.e., ventilated) state. When the operator applies a pushing force to the sliding window 200, causing it to open relative to the window frame 100, the sliding window hinge seat 402, fixed to the window sash, undergoes spatial displacement, gradually moving away from the stationary window frame hinge seat 401. During this separation stroke, constrained by the trajectories of the hinge points at both ends, the first link 403, the second link 404, and the third link 405 each rotate in a plane around their hinge axis with respect to the window frame hinge seat 401 at a certain angle. Figure 2In the open and positioned state shown, the physical distance between the window frame hinge seat 401 and the sliding window hinge seat 402 increases, and the first link 403, the second link 404, and the third link 405 change from a retracted state to an outward extension. At this time, these three links form a load-bearing frame with a certain intersection angle between the window frame 100 and the sliding window 200. This structure provides multiple mechanical support points for the suspended sliding window 200, ensuring the relative positional stability of the sliding window 200 when it is in the open position under its own weight and external wind load. In this state, the first link 403, the second link 404, and the third link 405 act as intermediate bridging components, always maintaining the physical connection between the window frame hinge seat 401 and the sliding window hinge seat 402.

[0040] Figure 3 This reflects the mechanical state of hinge 400 when the exterior window system is fully closed. When the sliding window 200 moves inward and finally fits against the window frame 100, the sliding window hinge seat 402 moves towards the window frame hinge seat 401. During this closing stroke, the first link 403, the second link 404, and the third link 405 are subjected to thrust, rotating and folding along a trajectory opposite to their opening motion. When fully closed, the structural surfaces of the sliding window hinge seat 402 and the window frame hinge seat 401 are parallel and at minimum distance. Correspondingly, the first link 403, the second link 404, and the third link 405 are stacked and retracted, nested or tightly arranged within the narrow space between the window frame hinge seat 401 and the sliding window hinge seat 402. This structural design significantly reduces the overall dimensions of hinge 400 when closed, allowing it to be completely concealed within the profile-sealed cavity formed by the interlocking of window frame 100 and sliding window 200. In this state, the relative angles between the links tend to be minimal, the relative movement between the hinge pivots ceases, and the mechanism is in a static closed position.

[0041] Figure 4 , 5 , Figure 24-25 Demonstrates the power of electricity through Figure 1 The internal structure of the hinges 400 on the left and right sides of the window implements the specific transmission path. In this embodiment, the first window frame electrical connector 101 and the first sliding window electrical connector 201 located on the right side of the window establish a positive conduction path through the hinge mechanism on the right side, while the second window frame electrical connector 102 and the second sliding window electrical connector 202 located on the left side of the window establish a negative conduction path through the hinge mechanism on the left side. Figure 4 The diagram shows the electrical conduction between the left hinge 400 and the second window frame electrical connector 102 and the second sliding window electrical connector 202. Figure 5The diagram shows the electrical conduction between the right hinge 400 and the first window frame electrical connector 101 and the first sliding window electrical connector 201.

[0042] Specifically, such as Figure 4 As shown, the window frame hinge seat 401 of the left hinge 400 serves as the second window frame electrical connector 102. Its external wires 102a and 102b are connected to the first rotary joint 406 and the third rotary joint 408, respectively. The external wire 102a conducts current through the first rotary joint 406 to the first connecting rod 403, and then conducts the current through the second rotary joint 407 to the sliding window hinge seat 402. The sliding window hinge seat 402 is provided with a conductive connection to the internal wire 202a. On the other hand, the external conductor 102b conducts current through the third rotary joint 408 to the second link 404, then through the fourth rotary joint 409 to the third link 405, and then through the fifth rotary joint 410 to the sliding window hinge seat 402. The sliding window hinge seat 402 is provided with a conductive connection to the internal conductor 202b.

[0043] like Figure 5 As shown, the window frame hinge seat 401 of the right hinge 400 serves as the first window frame electrical connector 101. Its external wire 101a and external wire 201b are connected to the first rotary joint 406 and the third rotary joint 408, respectively. External wire 101a conducts current through the first rotary joint 406 to the first connecting rod 403, and then conducts the current through the second rotary joint 407 to the sliding window hinge seat 402. The sliding window hinge seat 402 is provided with a conductive connection to the internal wire 201a. On the other hand, the external conductor 2 101b conducts current through the third rotary joint 408 to the second link 404, then through the fourth rotary joint 409 to the third link 405, and then through the fifth rotary joint 410 to the sliding window hinge seat 402. The sliding window hinge seat 402 is provided with a conductive connection to the internal conductor 2 201b.

[0044] The following is combined with Figure 6-25 The method by which the connecting rod and rotary joint achieve electrical conductivity in this embodiment is described.

[0045] like Figure 6As shown, in this embodiment, the rotary joint 500 includes a first rotary joint 406, a second rotary joint 407, a third rotary joint 408, a fourth rotary joint 409, and a fifth rotary joint 410. The five rotary joints 500 have the same structure, which connects the upper and lower parts while achieving electrical conductivity at the hinged part.

[0046] The specific structure of the rotary joint 500 in this embodiment is illustrated using the first rotary joint 406 as an example. Figure 7-13 As shown, the rotary joint 500 includes a pin 501, an insulating ring 502, a fixed conductive element 503, and a movable conductive element 504. In the first rotary joint 406, the rotary joint 500 hinges the first connecting rod 403 and the window frame hinge seat 401. Figure 16-18 The diagram shown is a schematic of the first connecting rod 403. Figure 21 The diagram shown is a schematic of the structure of window frame hinge seat 401. Figure 21 The perspective in Figure 6 The image shows a view of the window frame hinge seat 401 viewed from right to left. The window frame hinge seat 401 includes a first mounting hole 401a and a second mounting hole 401b arranged side-by-side with the same diameter. One side of the first mounting hole 401a has a semi-circular first through hole 401c, and one side of the second mounting hole 401b has a semi-circular second through hole 401d. The center of the semi-circular shape of the first through hole 401c coincides with the center of the first mounting hole 401a. The center of the semi-circular shape of the second through hole 401d coincides with the center of the second mounting hole 401b.

[0047] like Figure 16 As shown Figure 6 A cross-sectional view of the first connecting rod 403. Figure 18 As shown Figure 16 The bottom view of the first link 403, i.e. Figure 6 The first connecting rod 403 has a third mounting hole 403a at one end and a fourth mounting hole 403b at the other end. The diameter of the third mounting hole 403a is smaller than that of the fourth mounting hole 403b, and the diameter of the fourth mounting hole 403b is equal to that of the first mounting hole 401a and the second mounting hole 401b. A concentric first annular groove 403c is provided at the bottom of the first connecting rod 403, located around the outer periphery of the third mounting hole 403a. The width and radius of the first annular groove 403c are the same as those of the first through hole 401c. The fourth mounting hole 403b also has a semi-circular third through hole 403d on one side. The shape and dimensions of the third through hole 403d are the same as those of the first through hole 401c and the second through hole 401d.

[0048] The third mounting hole 403a of the first connecting rod 403 and the first mounting hole 401a of the window frame hinge seat 401 are hinged together by a rotary joint 500 to form a first rotary joint 406. The outer diameter of the insulating ring 502 matches the inner diameter of the first mounting hole 401a and is nested inside the first mounting hole 401a. The insulating ring 502 is made of an insulating and wear-resistant material, such as... Figure 8-9 As shown, the lower end of the insulating ring 502 has a lower extension 502a protruding from the bottom of the first mounting hole 401a and an upper extension 502b protruding from the top of the first mounting hole 401a. The upper extension 502b and the lower extension 502a confine the insulating ring 502 inside the first mounting hole 401a. Meanwhile, an arc-shaped through hole 502c is provided on the upper extension 502b, and the cross-sectional shape and size of the arc-shaped through hole 502c are the same as those of the first through hole 401c.

[0049] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the pin 501 includes a lower limiting head 501a, a first column 501b, a second column 501c, and an upper limiting head 501d connected in sequence. The first column 501b passes through the interior of the insulating ring 502, and its thickness is the same as that of the insulating ring 502, while its diameter matches the inner diameter of the insulating ring 502. The second column 501c passes through the third mounting hole 403a of the first connecting rod 403. Through the limiting of the upper limiting head 501d and the lower limiting head 501a, the first connecting rod 403 is hingedly mounted on the window frame hinge seat 401 via the pin 501.

[0050] As shown in Figures d-5e, the fixed conductive element 503 of the rotary joint 500 is a semi-arc ring-shaped metal conductive element. Its shape matches the first through hole 401c and the arc-shaped through hole 502c. It passes through the first through hole 401c of the window frame hinge seat 401 and the arc-shaped through hole 502c of the insulating ring 502 from bottom to top. The bottom of the fixed conductive element 503 protrudes from the lower surface of the window frame hinge seat 401 and is connected to the external wire. The top of the fixed conductive element 503 protrudes from the top of the insulating ring 502 by 100-500 micrometers.

[0051] The active conductive element 504 is embedded inside the first annular groove 403c. In this embodiment, as shown... Figure 12-13 As shown, the active conductive element 504 is a circular metal conductive structure, and the matching first annular groove 403c is also an annular groove structure. The lower surface of the active conductive element 504 also protrudes 100-500 micrometers from the lower surface of the first connecting rod 403.

[0052] After the rotating joint 500, the first connecting rod 403, and the window frame hinge seat 401 are hinged together, the bottom of the movable conductive element 504 is tightly attached to the top of the fixed conductive element 503. During the rotation of the first connecting rod 403 relative to the window frame hinge seat 401, due to the insulating and anti-corrosion coating on the connecting rod and hinge seat, as well as the insulating ring 502, there is no electrical conductivity between the rod and the seat. However, the fixed conductive element 503 and the movable conductive element 504 remain in contact during rotation. By connecting an external wire through the fixed conductive element 503, current is conducted from the external wire through the fixed conductive element 503 to the movable conductive element 504 on the first connecting rod 403.

[0053] The second rotary joint 407 is used to connect the first link 403 and the sliding window hinge seat 402. The hinge 500 is also positioned between the first link 403 and the sliding window hinge seat 402 in the same manner. The fixed conductive element 503 is installed in the third through hole 403d at the other end of the first link 403. To electrically connect the movable conductive element 504 at one end of the first link 403 to the fixed conductive element 503 at the other end, as follows... Figure 16-18 As shown, a first connecting groove 403e is provided between the third through hole 403d and the first annular groove 403c, extending along the direction of the first connecting rod 403. The first connecting groove 403e is located on the lower side of the first connecting rod 403 and connects the first annular groove 403c and the third through hole 403d. A copper wire 601 is provided inside the first connecting groove 403e, and a rubber insulating layer 602 is provided outside the copper wire 601, with the outer surface of the rubber insulating layer 602 flush with the outer surface of the first connecting rod 403. One end of the copper wire 601 is connected to a movable conductive element 504, and the other end is connected to a fixed conductive element 503. Since the exterior of the rod, including the inner walls of the grooves and holes, is coated with an insulating and anti-corrosion coating, the fixed conductive element 503, the movable conductive element 504, and the copper wire 601 on the connecting rod and the base are in insulated contact with the rod and the base. With the above settings, current can be conducted from the first rotary joint 406 through the first connecting rod 403 to the second rotary joint 407.

[0054] like Figure 14-15The diagram shows a schematic of the sliding window hinge base 402 in this embodiment. As shown, one end of the sliding window hinge base 402 has a fifth mounting hole 402a for mounting the second column 501c portion of the second rotary joint 407. A concentric second annular groove 402c is provided around the fifth mounting hole 402a for mounting the movable conductive element 504 of the second rotary joint 407. A first internal terminal 402g is provided on the sliding window hinge base 402 near the fifth mounting hole 402a, connecting internal wires 201a and 202a. A second connecting groove 402e is also provided between the first internal terminal 402g and the second annular groove 402c for embedding a copper wire 601 and a rubber insulating layer 602. A sixth mounting hole 402b is provided on the sliding window hinge base 402 at the other end opposite to the fifth mounting hole 402a. The sixth mounting hole 402b is used to install the second column 501c part of the fifth rotary joint 410. A concentric third annular groove 402d is provided around the sixth mounting hole 402b for installing the movable conductive element 504 of the fifth rotary joint 410. A second internal terminal 402h is provided on the sliding window hinge base 402 near the sixth mounting hole 402b. The second internal terminal 402h connects the second internal wire 201b and the fourth internal wire 202b. A third connecting groove 402f is also provided between the second internal terminal 402h and the third annular groove 402d for embedding the copper wire 601 and the rubber insulation layer 602.

[0055] like Figure 19 , 20 The diagram shown is a schematic of the second connecting rod 404 in this embodiment. Figure 20 for Figure 19 A bottom view of the second connecting rod 404. Similar to the first connecting rod 403, one end of the second connecting rod 404 has a seventh mounting hole 404a for mounting the third rotary joint 408, and a second column 501c portion for mounting the third rotary joint 408. Around the seventh mounting hole 404a are concentric fourth annular grooves 402c for mounting the movable conductive element 504. The other end of the second connecting rod 404 has an eighth mounting hole 404b for mounting the insulating ring 502 of the fourth rotary joint 409. Around the eighth mounting hole 404b are concentric semi-annular fourth through holes 404d for mounting the fixed conductive element 503 of the fourth rotary joint 409. A fourth connecting groove 404e for embedding the copper wire 601 and the rubber insulating layer 602 is also provided between the fourth through hole 404d and the fourth annular groove 404c.

[0056] like Figure 22-23The diagram shown is a schematic of the third link 405 structure in this embodiment, wherein... Figure 23 for Figure 22 A bottom view of the third link 405. One end of the third link 405 has a sliding mounting hole 405a for mounting the sliding hinge joint 411, and one end of the third link 405 is slidably mounted on the window frame hinge seat 401. The middle of the third link 405 has a ninth mounting hole 405b for mounting the second column 501c of the fourth rotary joint 409. Around the ninth mounting hole 405b are concentric fifth annular grooves 405d for mounting the movable conductive element 504. The other end of the third link 405 has a tenth mounting hole 405c for the insulating ring 502 of the fifth rotary joint 410. Around the tenth mounting hole 405c are concentric semi-annular fifth through holes 405e for mounting the fixed conductive element 503 of the fifth rotary joint 410. A fifth connecting groove 405f is also provided between the fifth annular groove 405d and the fifth through hole 405e for embedding the copper wire 601 and the rubber insulation layer 602.

[0057] Example 2: like Figure 26-27 This is a schematic diagram of the second embodiment of the present invention. Figure 26 As shown, the external window structure in the second embodiment also includes a window frame 100 installed on the building wall, a sliding window 200 that can be opened and closed relative to the window frame 100, and an electrochromic glass unit 300 that is stably embedded in the profile frame of the sliding window 200. The electrochromic glass unit 300 has a first electrode strip 301 arranged in parallel along the longitudinal direction on the right edge as a positive electrode, while a second electrode strip 302 arranged symmetrically on its left edge as a negative electrode.

[0058] Unlike the first embodiment, the second embodiment retains the window frame electrical connector and the sliding window electrical connector on one side, for example... Figure 26 The second window frame electrical connector 102 and the second sliding window electrical connector 202 are shown on the left side of the window. The first electrode strip 301 and the second electrode strip 302 are powered only through the second window frame electrical connector 102 and the second sliding window electrical connector 202 on one side.

[0059] Specifically, such as Figure 27As shown, external conductor 102a is connected to the positive terminal of the external power supply system. Then, external conductor 102a is connected to the first electrode strip 301 via the first rotary joint 406, the first connecting rod 403, the second rotary joint 407, and internal conductor 202a. Simultaneously, external conductor 102b is connected to the negative terminal of the external power supply system. Then, external conductor 102b is connected to the second electrode strip 302 via the third rotary joint 408, the second connecting rod 404, the fourth rotary joint 409, the third connecting rod 405, the fifth rotary joint 410, and internal conductor 202b. This allows power to be supplied to the electrochromic glass unit 300 inside an outer window only through a hinge 400 on one side.

[0060] Example 3: The third embodiment is an improvement upon the problems addressed in the second and first embodiments. In the first and third embodiments, the rotating joint 500 uses a circular conductive element 504, which is embedded in a corresponding circular groove. Taking the second rotating joint 407 on the sliding window hinge seat 402 as an example... Figure 28 As shown, its movable conductive element 504 is embedded in the second annular groove 402c on the sliding window hinge seat 402, and the movable conductive element 504 is then in fixed contact with the end of the copper wire 601 in the second connecting groove 402e. Figure 29 for Figure 28 An enlarged schematic diagram of the dotted line portion. It can be seen that the contact area between the movable conductive element 504 and the copper wire 601 is relatively small compared to the size of the movable conductive element 504. During the rotation of the sliding window hinge seat 402 relative to the first connecting rod 403, to ensure sufficient contact between the movable conductive element 504 and the fixed conductive element 503, as mentioned earlier, both the lower part of the movable conductive element 504 and the upper surface of the fixed conductive element 503 are protruding, ensuring an interference fit between the movable conductive element 504 and the fixed conductive element 503 located between the upper and lower hinge connecting rods. This interference fit generates a certain torque on the movable conductive element 504 during rotational friction. Especially in Embodiments 1 and 2, where the movable conductive element 504 is annular, the aforementioned torque will cause the movable conductive element 504 to rotate around its center. Figure 30 As shown Figure 29 The enlarged schematic diagram of the solid rectangular section shows the contact area between the movable conductive element 504 and the end of the copper wire 601. Whether the movable conductive element 504 is welded to the end of the copper wire 601 during initial installation or a sliding contact is made, the rotation of the movable conductive element 504 due to frictional torque will affect... Figure 30 The contact connection area shown is unfavorable and can lead to breakage of the welded joint or failure of the sliding contact.

[0061] To address the aforementioned issues, this embodiment includes the following: Figure 31 The movable conductive element 505 shown is a semi-circular metal conductive structure, and its size and shape are consistent with the semi-circular shape of the corresponding fixed conductive element.

[0062] To install the aforementioned semi-annular movable conductive element 505, as follows: Figure 32 The embodiment shown has a corresponding hinge 400', which includes a first connecting rod 403', a second connecting rod 404', a third connecting rod 405', a window frame hinge seat 401', and a sliding window hinge seat 402'.

[0063] like Figure 33-37 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the first link 403', the second link 404', the third link 405', the window frame hinge seat 401', and the sliding window hinge seat 402' of the hinge 400' in this embodiment. In this embodiment, the main structures of the first connecting rod 403', the second connecting rod 404', the third connecting rod 405', the window frame hinge seat 401', and the sliding window hinge seat 402', as well as the first mounting hole 401a', the second mounting hole 401b', the third mounting hole 403a', the fourth mounting hole 403b', the fifth mounting hole 402a', the sixth mounting hole 402b', the seventh mounting hole 404a', the eighth mounting hole 404b', the ninth mounting hole 405b', and the tenth mounting hole 405c', the sliding mounting hole 405a', the first through hole 401c', and the second through hole 401a' on the corresponding connecting rods and hinge seats, are described. The positions and dimensions of the second through hole d', the third through hole 403d', the fourth through hole 404c' and the fifth through hole 405e', the first connecting groove 403e', the second connecting groove 402e', the third connecting groove 402f', the fourth connecting groove 404e' and the fifth connecting groove 405f' are the same as the main structures of the first connecting rod 403, the second connecting rod 404, the third connecting rod 405, the window frame hinge seat 401, and the sliding window hinge seat 402 in the first embodiment and the second embodiment, as well as the first to tenth mounting holes, the sliding mounting hole 405a, the first to fifth through holes, and the first to fifth connecting grooves on the corresponding connecting rods and hinge seats.

[0064] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiments 1 and 2 is that the annular groove structure used for mounting the movable conductive element 505 on the first connecting rod 403', the second connecting rod 404', the third connecting rod 405', and the window frame hinge seat 401' is semi-annular, instead of the circular annular structure used in Embodiments 1 and 2. Specifically, as shown... Figure 33As shown, the second annular groove 402c' and the third annular groove 402d' on the sliding window hinge seat 402', used for mounting the movable conductive element 505, are both semi-annular. Figure 34 As shown, the fifth annular groove 405d' on the third connecting rod 405', used for mounting the movable conductive element 505, is semi-annular. Figure 35 As shown, the fourth annular groove 404c' on the second connecting rod 404', used for mounting the movable conductive element 505, is semi-annular. For example... Figure 36 As shown, the first annular groove 403c' on the first connecting rod 403' for mounting the movable conductive element 505 is semi-annular.

[0065] By configuring the second movable conductive element 505 as a semi-circular shape and embedding it in the semi-circular groove, the rotation of the second movable conductive element 505 under torque during frictional rotation with the fixed conductive element 503 is restricted by the semi-circular groove. This avoids misalignment between the movable conductive element and the corresponding copper wire 601 end, improving the service life and reliability of the structure.

[0066] Furthermore, in this embodiment, since the movable conductive element is configured in a semi-circular shape, in order to ensure good current contact during the closing and opening of hinge 400', the positions of the first annular groove 403c', the second annular groove 402c', the third annular groove 402d', the fourth annular groove 404c', and the fifth annular groove 405d' need to be defined. Specifically, in this embodiment, when hinge 400' is closed, the movable conductive element 505 on the first connecting rod 403', the second connecting rod 404', the third connecting rod 405', and the window frame hinge seat 401' has a semi-circular maximum contact area with the corresponding fixed conductive element 503. Specifically, regarding the corresponding annular groove settings, when hinge 2 400' is in the closed position, the openings of the first annular groove 2 403c', the second annular groove 2 402c', the third annular groove 2 402d', the fourth annular groove 2 404c', and the fifth annular groove 2 405d' are completely connected to the first through hole 2 401c', the second through hole 2 401d', the third through hole 2 403d', the fourth through hole 2 404d', and the fifth through hole 2 405e' without any misalignment.

[0067] like Figure 38 The diagram shows the contact between the movable conductive element 505 and the fixed conductive element 503 in the first rotary joint 406', second rotary joint 407', third rotary joint 408', fourth rotary joint 409', and fifth rotary joint 410' of hinge 2 400' in the hinge closed and fully open states.

[0068] As shown in the figure, when the hinge is closed, the movable conductive element 505 and the fixed conductive element 503 overlap and have maximum contact. Due to the geometry of the hinge linkage and the limitation of the opening angle of the external window system, although the contact area between the two is reduced when the hinge 400' is opened to its maximum state, the movable conductive element 505 and the fixed conductive element 503 still have a large contact area, thus ensuring stable and good current transmission.

[0069] Example 4: This embodiment is a further improvement on the third embodiment. As shown above, for electrochromic glass, the first electrode strip 301 and the second electrode strip 302 serve as the terminals of the entire power input circuit. The continuity and polarity stability of their power supply path directly determine the dimming performance and service life of the entire external window system.

[0070] Therefore, compared to the cable method used in Embodiment 1, Embodiment 2, and the prior art, in Embodiment 3, as... Figure 38 As shown, during the process of hinge 2 400' from closing to opening, the contact area between the movable conductive element 2 505 and the fixed conductive element 503 becomes smaller, which causes the resistance on the current transmission path to change, thereby affecting the voltage applied to the first electrode strip and the second electrode strip, and thus causing the glass discoloration to be unstable.

[0071] To solve the above problems, the electrode strip power supply method in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 39 As shown. In this embodiment, electrical connectors are provided on both the left and right sides of the outer window of Embodiment 1 to supply power to the electrode strips. However, for the left or right electrical connector, the power supply connection method with the corresponding electrode strip is the same as that in Embodiment 2.

[0072] Specifically, for Figure 39 The second window frame electrical connector 102 and the second sliding window electrical connector 202 on the left side of the window shown are referenced in Embodiment 2. Figure 27 The electrical connection method shown also adopts the method described in Embodiment 3. Figure 32The hinge 400' shown connects the second window frame electrical connector 102 and the second sliding window electrical connector 202. Specifically, the external wire 102a is connected to the positive terminal of the external power supply system, and then the external wire 102a is connected to the first electrode strip 301 through the first rotary joint 406', the first connecting rod 403', the second rotary joint 407', and the internal wire 202a; simultaneously, the external wire 102b is connected to the negative terminal of the external power supply system, and then the external wire 102b is connected to the second electrode strip 302 through the third rotary joint 408', the second connecting rod 404', the fourth rotary joint 409', the third connecting rod 405', the fifth rotary joint 410', and the internal wire 202b. This allows power to be supplied to the electrochromic glass unit 300 inside one exterior window only through the hinge 400' on one side.

[0073] Meanwhile, due to the hinge 400' with a semi-circular movable conductive element 505 used on the left side, a first window frame electrical connector 101 and a first sliding window electrical connector 201 are provided on the right side of the exterior window system to compensate for changes in its contact resistance. Between the first window frame electrical connector 101 and the second sliding window electrical connector 201, a connection is made as follows: Figure 40 The hinge 3 700 shown is electrically connected. The hinge 3 700 has a similar overall structure to the hinge 2 400' on the other side. The hinge 3 700 has a first link 3 703, a second link 3 704, a third link 3 705, a window frame hinge seat 3 701, and a sliding window hinge seat 3 702. Similarly, the window frame hinge seat 3 701 serves as the first window frame electrical connector 101, and the sliding window hinge seat 3 702 serves as the first sliding window electrical connector 201. The external wire 101a of the first window frame electrical connector 101 is connected to the positive terminal of the external power supply system. Then, the external wire 101a is connected to the first electrode strip 301 through the first rotary joint 706, the first connecting rod 703, the second rotary joint 707, and the internal wire 201a. At the same time, the external wire 101b is connected to the negative terminal of the external power supply system. Then, the external wire 101b is connected to the second electrode strip 302 through the third rotary joint 708, the second connecting rod 704, the fourth rotary joint 709, the third connecting rod 705, the fifth rotary joint 710, and the internal wire 201b.

[0074] like Figures 41-45The diagram shows the structure of the first connecting rod 703, the second connecting rod 704, the third connecting rod 705, the window frame hinge seat 701, and the sliding window hinge seat 702 of the hinge 700 in this embodiment. The diagram also shows the main structure of the first connecting rod 703, the second connecting rod 704, the third connecting rod 705, the window frame hinge seat 701, and the sliding window hinge seat 702, as well as the first mounting hole 701a, the second mounting hole 701b, the third mounting hole 703a, the fourth mounting hole 703b, the fifth mounting hole 702a, the sixth mounting hole 702b, the seventh mounting hole 704a, the eighth mounting hole 704b, the ninth mounting hole 705b, the tenth mounting hole 705c, the sliding mounting hole 705a, the first annular groove 703c, the second annular groove 702c, and the third annular groove 702d on the corresponding connecting rods and hinge seats. The positions and dimensions of the fourth annular groove 3 704c and the fifth annular groove 3 705d, the first connecting groove 3 703e, the second connecting groove 3 702e, the third connecting groove 3 702f, the fourth connecting groove 3 704e and the fifth connecting groove 3 705f are the same as the main structures of the first connecting rod 2 403', the second connecting rod 2 404', the third connecting rod 2 405', the window frame hinge seat 2 401', and the sliding window hinge seat 2 402' in the hinge 2 400' in the third embodiment, as well as the positions and dimensions of the first to tenth mounting holes 2, the sliding mounting holes 2, the first to fifth annular grooves 2, and the first to fifth connecting grooves 2 on the corresponding connecting rods and hinge seats.

[0075] The difference between hinge 3 700 in this embodiment and hinge 2 400' in embodiment 3 is that the positions of the through holes for mounting and fixing the conductive element 503 on the first connecting rod 3 703, the second connecting rod 3 704, the third connecting rod 3 705, and the window frame hinge seat 3 701 are opposite to the positions of the first through hole 2 401c', the second through hole 2 401d', the third through hole 2 403d', the fourth through hole 2 404d', and the fifth through hole 2 405e' in hinge 2 400' in embodiment 3. Specifically, as shown... Figure 42 As shown, the fifth through hole 305e on the third link 305 of hinge 300 is positioned relative to... Figure 34 The fifth through hole 405e' on the third connecting rod 405' shown is on the opposite side, that is, it is mirrored about the arc center of the arc-shaped through hole. For example... Figure 43 As shown, the fourth through hole 3 704d on the second link 3 704 of hinge 3 700 is positioned relative to... Figure 35 The fourth through hole 404d' on the second connecting rod 404' shown is mirrored on the opposite side, i.e., with respect to the arc-shaped center of the arc-shaped through hole. For example... Figure 44 As shown, the third through hole 3 703d on the first link 3 703 of hinge 3 700 is positioned relative to... Figure 36The third through hole 403d' on the first connecting rod 403' shown is mirrored on the opposite side, i.e., with respect to the arc-shaped center of the arc-shaped through hole. For example... Figure 45 As shown, the first through hole 701c and the second through hole 701d on the window frame hinge seat 301 of hinge 3 700 are positioned relative to... Figure 37 The first through hole 401c' and the second through hole 401d' on the window frame hinge seat 401' shown are on the opposite side, that is, mirrored with respect to the arc center of the arc-shaped through hole.

[0076] With the above arrangement, when the hinge 700 is in the closed state, the movable conductive element 505 has an almost zero contact area with the corresponding fixed conductive element 503. That is, when the hinge 700 is in the closed position, the openings of the first annular groove 703c, the second annular groove 702c, the third annular groove 702d, the fourth annular groove 704c, and the fifth annular groove 705d on the hinge 700 are completely offset from the first through hole 701c, the second through hole 701d, the third through hole 703d, the fourth through hole 704d, and the fifth through hole 705e.

[0077] like Figure 46 The image shows the contact between the active conductive element 505 and the fixed conductive element 503 of the first rotary joint 706, the second rotary joint 707, the third rotary joint 708, the fourth rotary joint 709, and the fifth rotary joint 710 in the hinge 3 700 when the hinge is closed and at its maximum open state.

[0078] As shown in the figure, when the hinge is closed, the movable conductive element 505 and the fixed conductive element 503 are completely offset and have the smallest overlapping contact area. Due to the geometry of the hinge linkage and the limitation of the opening angle of the external window system, when the hinge 700 is opened to its maximum state, the movable conductive element 505 and the fixed conductive element 503 move from being completely offset to the position with the largest contact area. (Comparison) Figure 38 As shown in the diagram, during the process of hinge 2 400' opening from closed to its maximum, the contact changes of the movable conductive element 2 505 and the fixed conductive element 503 reveal that for hinge 3 700 and hinge 2 400', the newly added contact area of ​​the rotary joint at the same location on hinge 3 700 is almost equal to the reduced contact area on hinge 2 400'. In this embodiment, hinge 2 400' on the left and hinge 3 700 on the right simultaneously supply power to the first and second electrode strips. The mutual compensation of the aforementioned contact areas also compensates for the change in resistance, thereby minimizing the current change applied to the two electrode strips and ensuring the dimming stability and service life of the electrochromic glass unit during the opening and closing of the sliding window.

Claims

1. A green and energy-saving exterior window system, comprising: Window frames that are fixedly installed on the building walls; A sliding window that can be opened and closed relative to the window frame; An electrochromic glass unit is securely embedded inside the frame of the sliding window profile. The electrochromic glass unit has an input terminal with clearly distinguishable positive and negative polarities, including a first electrode strip and a second electrode strip. Its characteristic is that it further includes a hinge mechanism connecting the window frame and the sliding window, and uses the mechanical hinge mechanism connecting the sliding window and the window frame to realize the conductive connection between the electrical connectors; The hinge mechanism includes a window frame hinge seat fixedly installed on the window frame of the building fixture, a sliding window hinge seat fixedly installed on the sliding window of the movable component, and at least one connecting rod for connecting the two. The connecting rod is hinged to the hinge seat or other connecting rod through a rotary joint and / or a sliding hinge joint. The connecting rod and hinge seat are coated with an insulating and rust-proof coating. The rotating joint is provided with a fixed conductive element for connecting external wires and a movable conductive element provided on the connecting rod and / or hinge seat. During the relative rotation of the connecting rod, the fixed conductive element and the movable conductive element maintain contact to conduct current, so that the driving power of the external power supply is transmitted to the first electrode bar and / or the second electrode bar only through the connecting rod and hinge seat of the hinge.

2. The green and energy-saving window system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The at least one link includes a first link, a second link, and a third link; One end of the first connecting rod is hinged to the window frame hinge seat via a first rotary joint, and the other end is hinged to the sliding window hinge seat via a second rotary joint. One end of the second link is hinged to the window frame hinge seat via a third rotary joint, and the other end is hinged to the middle of the third link via a fourth rotary joint. One end of the third link is slidably hinged to the window frame hinge seat via a sliding hinge joint, and the other end is hinged to the sliding window hinge seat via a fifth rotary joint.

3. The green and energy-saving window system according to claim 2, characterized in that, In single-sided or double-sided hinge mechanisms: The positive current from the external power supply is transmitted sequentially to the first electrode bar through the first rotary joint, the first connecting rod, and the second rotary joint. The negative current from the external power supply is transmitted sequentially through the third rotary joint, the second connecting rod, the fourth rotary joint, the third connecting rod, and the fifth rotary joint to the second electrode bar.

4. The green and energy-saving window system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotary joint also includes a pin and an insulating ring made of insulating and wear-resistant material; The pin passes through the inside of the insulating ring to achieve the hinge connection between the upper and lower components; The fixed conductive element passes through the through hole of the lower hinge component and the insulating ring, and its top protrudes from the top of the insulating ring; The movable conductive element is embedded inside the groove of the upper hinge component, with its bottom tightly attached to the top of the fixed conductive element.

5. The green and energy-saving window system according to claim 4, characterized in that, A connecting groove is provided between the fixed conductive element and the movable conductive element at both ends of the same connecting rod, along the extension direction of the connecting rod. The connecting groove is embedded with a copper wire, and the copper wire is covered with a rubber insulation layer, which is flush with the outer surface of the connecting rod to ensure insulation between the copper wire and the rod body.

6. The green and energy-saving window system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The fixed conductive element is a semi-arc ring metal conductive element; the movable conductive element is a circular ring metal conductive structure, and the matching groove is a circular annular groove structure.

7. The green and energy-saving window system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The fixed conductive element is a semi-arc ring metal conductive element; the movable conductive element is a semi-circular metal conductive structure, the size and shape of which are consistent with the semi-circular shape of the corresponding fixed conductive element, and the matching groove is a semi-circular groove.

8. The green and energy-saving window system according to claim 7, characterized in that, When the hinge mechanism is in the closed state, the groove of the semi-annular groove on the connecting rod and the window frame hinge seat is completely connected to the through hole where the fixed conductive element is located without misalignment, so that the semi-annular movable conductive element and the corresponding fixed conductive element have the maximum semi-annular contact area.

9. The green and energy-saving window system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The outer window system is provided with a left hinge mechanism and a right hinge mechanism on the left and right sides, respectively, which together supply power to the first electrode strip and the second electrode strip. The position of the through hole for mounting and fixing conductive components on the connecting rod and window frame hinge seat of the right hinge mechanism is on the opposite side to the position of the corresponding through hole in the left hinge mechanism.

10. The green and energy-saving window system according to claim 9, characterized in that, When the right hinge mechanism is in the closed state, its moving conductive element and fixed conductive element are completely offset from each other, and the contact area is almost zero. During the process of the sliding window opening and closing, which causes the hinge mechanism to open from the closed state to the maximum state, the contact area of ​​the rotating joint at the same location in the right hinge mechanism is equal to the contact area of ​​the left hinge mechanism that is reduced. The change in resistance is compensated by the mutual compensation of the contact areas on the left and right sides, so that the change in current applied to the two electrode strips is minimized.

Images