An impact device for a hydraulic rock drill

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of impact devices for hydraulic rock drill, it is related to rock drill technical field, including rock drill body, drill rod and the three-cone drill bit being installed at the front end of drill rod, and the outer periphery of drill rod is provided with transport device, collection device, buffer assembly, and driving device for controlling the operation of transport device;Transport device includes the transport sleeve being set on the outer periphery of drill rod and being not rigidly connected with drill rod, and the variable pitch blade is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of transport sleeve, and the pitch of variable pitch blade near the three-cone drill bit one end is greater than the pitch of drill rod body one end, for actively upward forced transport of hole bottom slag water mixture;Collection device is arranged at the tail of transport sleeve, for receiving slag water mixture transported by transport device and completing solid-liquid separation, rock slag collection and liquid recycling.The application solves the problems of low efficiency of traditional passive slag return, incomplete deep hole slag removal, easy to choke drill, drill bit eccentric swing wear and tear by the independently rotating transport sleeve and the variable pitch blade structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rock drill technology, and in particular to an impact device for a hydraulic rock drill. Background Technology

[0002] Rock drills are core rock-breaking equipment in mining, tunneling, and underground engineering construction. Their main function is to drill blast holes in rocks using impact energy and rotational torque for subsequent blasting operations. Depending on the power source, rock drills are mainly divided into pneumatic rock drills, hydraulic rock drills, internal combustion rock drills, and electric rock drills. Among them, hydraulic rock drills are the most widely used in modern engineering due to their high energy utilization rate and high impact frequency. Rock drills are usually composed of impact mechanisms, rotation mechanisms, propulsion mechanisms, and dust removal mechanisms. During operation, the rock drill transmits impact energy and rotational torque to the drill bit at the front end through the chisel, thereby achieving the breaking and drilling of hard rocks.

[0003] Traditional rock drill slag removal methods primarily utilize high-pressure fluid as a carrier. The high-pressure fluid enters the hollow drill rod through the central water channel or air passage of the rock drill body, reaching the drill bit at the front end. The fluid is then ejected at high speed through the slag removal hole at the bottom of the drill bit. The fluid's kinetic energy impacts and agitates the rock cuttings at the bottom of the hole, creating a gas-solid or liquid-solid two-phase mixture. Relying on the buoyancy of the water flow and the drilling pressure difference, the mixture flows in the opposite direction along the annular gap between the drill rod's outer wall and the hole wall, ultimately being discharged outside the hole into the working environment or a collection tank. However, traditional slag removal methods have the following drawbacks: The efficiency of slag removal is affected by the hole depth and the annular flow velocity. As the drilling depth increases, the pressure loss of high-pressure fluid during long-distance transmission is severe, resulting in insufficient power for slag removal at the bottom of the hole. Under deep hole conditions, the amount of slag accumulated at the bottom of the hole is large, which can easily lead to rock slag accumulation and untimely slag removal, and can easily cause problems such as drill bit slag accumulation and drill bit eccentric shaking and wear.

[0004] Traditional slag removal systems lack an independent drive structure, with the slag removal motion entirely dependent on the rotation of the drill rod. The drill rod is subjected to multiple loads, including impact, torsion, and slag removal, which can easily cause fatigue damage. Furthermore, the slag removal and conveying status cannot be adaptively adjusted according to the amount of slag, resulting in poor adaptability to working conditions. This severely restricts the efficient, stable, and continuous operation of large rock drills in deep holes.

[0005] Therefore, how to provide an impact device for a hydraulic rock drill is a problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] One objective of this invention is to provide an impact device for a hydraulic rock drill. This invention solves the problems of low efficiency of traditional passive slag return, incomplete slag removal in deep holes, easy drill blockage, and drill bit eccentricity and wear by means of an independently rotating transport sleeve and a variable pitch blade structure.

[0007] According to an embodiment of the present invention, an impact device for a hydraulic rock drill includes a rock drill body, a drill rod, and a tricone drill bit installed at the front end of the drill rod. A transport device, a collection device, a buffer assembly, and a drive device for controlling the operation of the transport device are provided on the outer periphery of the drill rod. The transport device includes a transport sleeve that is fitted around the outside of the drill rod and is not rigidly connected to the drill rod. A variable pitch blade is fixedly provided on the inner wall of the transport sleeve. The pitch of the variable pitch blade at the end near the tricone drill bit is greater than the pitch at the end near the rock drill body, which is used to actively and forcibly transport the mixture of slag and water at the bottom of the hole upward. The collection device is located at the tail of the transport sleeve and is used to receive the slag-water mixture transported by the transport device and to complete solid-liquid separation, rock slag collection and liquid recycling. The buffer assembly is located between the transport sleeve and the collection device to buffer the vibration and impact of the transport device and reduce the structural damage of the collection device caused by the drilling impact vibration.

[0008] Furthermore, the transport sleeve has a flared structure at the end near the tricone drill bit, and the diameter of the flared structure is slightly smaller than the diameter of the tricone drill bit.

[0009] Furthermore, the collection device includes a collection box, two sets of conveyor belt structures arranged vertically with different apertures, a gear and belt drive structure for driving the conveyor belt structures, and a control source. The two sets of conveyor belt structures are inclined, and the mesh aperture of the upper conveyor belt structure is larger than that of the lower conveyor belt structure, so as to realize the gradient classification and screening of the slag-water mixture. Isolation plates are uniformly fixed on the surface of the conveyor belt structure, and the isolation plates move synchronously with the conveyor belt structure.

[0010] Furthermore, a stone slag outlet box is provided on one side of the collection box, and the conveyor belt structure extends upward into the outlet box. An inclined guide plate is provided inside the outlet box. The inclined guide plate is located between the two sets of conveyor belt structures to receive the stone slag falling from the upper side and prevent the stone slag from directly hitting the conveyor belt structure below.

[0011] Furthermore, an inclined filter screen is installed at the bottom of the conveyor belt structure located inside the collection box. The top of the isolation plate of the conveyor belt structure below is close to the inclined filter screen, and the fine debris on the surface of the inclined filter screen is scraped and cleaned as the conveyor belt structure rotates. The bottom of the collection box is equipped with a water outlet and a water outlet pipe. The water outlet pipe is connected to a water purification device. The screened wastewater is purified by the water purification device and then circulated into the water supply system of the rock drill.

[0012] Furthermore, a circulating water pipe and a water pump are installed on the side of the collection box away from the outlet box. One end of the circulating water pipe is installed between the two conveyor belt structures and is located with the conveyor belt structures facing downwards. The other end is set towards the upper end of the conveyor sleeve and is used to spray and wash the slag-water mixture accumulated on the surface of the conveyor belt structure above.

[0013] Furthermore, the buffer assembly includes an annular elastic pad and multiple sets of elastic inclined bracing mechanisms. The annular elastic pad is sealed at the through connection between the transport sleeve and the collection box. A fixing ring is fixedly provided on the outer periphery of the transport sleeve, and a sliding sleeve plate is sleeved on the outer periphery of the fixing ring. The elastic inclined bracing mechanism is inclinedly arranged between the sliding sleeve plate and the collection box to achieve multi-angle adaptive buffering and shock absorption.

[0014] Furthermore, the outer ring of the fixed ring is provided with multiple embedded inner rollers, which are rotatably mounted on the fixed ring, and the circumferential surface of the inner rollers is in contact with the recessed surface of the sliding sleeve. Multiple embedded outer rollers are provided on both sides of the bottom of the sliding sleeve, which are rotatably mounted on the sliding sleeve, and the circumferential surface of the outer rollers is in contact with the circumferential surface of the transport sleeve, so that the diagonal brace structure maintains stable support when the transport sleeve rotates independently, without rotational interference.

[0015] Furthermore, the drive unit includes a drive source, a sprocket and chain structure, and a flexible coupling. The collection box is fixedly equipped with a flexible mounting base and a protective box. The drive source is installed inside the protective box. The sprocket and chain structure are respectively connected to the output end of the drive source and the transport sleeve. The flexible coupling is located between the drive source and the sprocket to isolate vibration and prevent vibration from damaging the drive source in the opposite direction.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention utilizes a transport sleeve that is not rigidly connected to the drill rod and can rotate independently and synchronously. It employs a gradually changing pitch blade structure with a large pitch at the front and a small pitch at the rear. The flared structure at the bottom of the hole allows for rapid collection of large amounts of gravel and slag-water mixture. The large pitch blades at the front increase the feed conveying volume, adapting to the conditions of large amounts and high concentrations of slag at the bottom of the borehole, preventing slag accumulation. The small pitch blades at the rear create a gradual compression and pressure increase effect on the slag-water mixture during transport, effectively preventing the backflow of slag and mud. This achieves active, forced, and continuous transport of drilling waste, solving the problems of low efficiency in traditional passive slag return, incomplete deep-hole slag removal, easy drill blockage, and drill bit eccentricity and wear. This improves the stability and drilling efficiency of deep-hole drilling operations using hydraulic rock drills.

[0017] The present invention sets up a buffer assembly including an annular elastic pad and an elastic inclined brace mechanism between the transport sleeve and the collection device, and constructs a fully floating flexible support system through the cooperation of inner and outer roller shafts. This isolates the vibration generated by the high-frequency impact of the rock drill and protects the collection box and drive source from rigid damage. At the same time, the outer roller shaft converts the sliding friction between the sleeve and the hole wall into rolling friction, reducing the wear rate of the transport sleeve.

[0018] This invention features a double-layered, differentially sized conveyor belt forming a gradient screening structure. Combined with a belt separator and a bottom-inclined self-scraping filter, it enables graded solid-liquid separation of large stone chips, fine rock powder, and muddy water, avoiding the problems of clogging and incomplete screening in single-stage screening. It also includes an independent circulating spray water path and a water circulation purification loop, allowing for real-time spraying, dilution, rinsing, and self-cleaning of the accumulated slag-water mixture, effectively preventing belt blockage and material accumulation. Furthermore, the wastewater after screening can be purified and reused after being connected to an external water purification system. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a front view of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the transport sleeve and collection box structure of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of section A.

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the drive device structure of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 6 This is one of the schematic diagrams of the buffer component structure of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the C-section structure.

[0025] Figure 8 This is the second schematic diagram of the buffer component structure of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 9 For the present invention Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the structure of section D.

[0027] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the collection device structure of the present invention.

[0028] In the picture: 1. Rock drill body; 2. Drill rod; 3. Tricone drill bit; 100. Transport device; 101. Transport sleeve; 102. Variable pitch blade; 103. Flared structure; 200. Collection device; 210. Collection box; 211. Outlet box; 212. Inclined guide plate; 213. Water outlet; 214. Water outlet pipe; 220. Conveyor belt structure; 221. Conveyor belt; 222. Movable roller; 230. Gear and belt drive structure; 240. Control source; 250. Isolation plate; 260. Inclined filter screen; 270. Circulating water pipe; 280. Water pump; 300. Buffer assembly; 310. Annular elastic pad; 320. Elastic diagonal brace mechanism; 321. Inclined strut; 322. Hinge seat; 323. Buffer spring; 330. Fixing ring; 340. Sliding sleeve; 350. Inner roller shaft; 360. Outer roller shaft; 400. Drive unit; 401. Drive source; 402. Sprocket and chain structure; 403. Flexible coupling; 404. Flexible mounting base; 405. Protective box. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings are simplified schematic diagrams, illustrating only the basic structure of the invention, and therefore only show the components relevant to the invention.

[0030] Example 1 like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, an impact device for a hydraulic rock drill provided in this embodiment of the invention includes a rock drill body 1, a drill rod 2, and a tricone drill bit 3 installed at the front end of the drill rod 2. The drill rod 2 is provided with a transport device 100, a collection device 200, a buffer assembly 300, and a drive device 400 for controlling the operation of the transport device 100. The transport device 100 includes a transport sleeve 101 sleeved around the drill rod 2 and not rigidly connected to the drill rod 2. The transport sleeve 101 can operate independently, avoiding fatigue fracture caused by high-frequency impact directly acting on the variable pitch blade 102. The variable pitch blade 102 is fixedly provided on the inner wall of the transport sleeve 101. The pitch of the variable pitch blade 102 at the end near the tricone drill bit 3 is greater than the pitch at the end near the rock drill body 1. It is used to actively and forcibly transport the slag-water mixture at the bottom of the hole upward. The large pitch at the front end is responsible for quickly collecting loose rock cuttings, and the small pitch at the rear end is responsible for squeezing the slag-water mixture, increasing the transport pressure, and preventing backflow. It prevents slag backflow, backflow, and sediment accumulation, realizes active forced slag discharge, and improves the slag discharge efficiency of deep hole drilling. The collection device 200 is located at the tail of the transport sleeve 101 and is used to receive the slag-water mixture transported by the transport device 100 and to complete solid-liquid separation, rock slag collection and liquid recycling. The buffer assembly 300 is disposed between the transport sleeve 101 and the collection device 200 to buffer the vibration and impact of the transport device 100 and reduce the structural damage of the drilling impact vibration to the collection device 200. In this implementation, the rock drill body 1 drives the drill rod 2 and the front-end tricone drill bit 3 to perform high-frequency impact and rotation rock breaking. Unlike the traditional method of passively discharging slag using high-pressure fluid, this device independently controls the operation of the transport device 100 through an external drive device 400. The transport sleeve 101 rotates at the same speed and in the same direction as the drill rod 2 under the drive of the drive device 400, but there is no rigid connection between the two. As the tricone drill bit 3 continuously breaks the rock, the resulting slag-water mixture enters the sleeve. During the rotation, the variable pitch blade 102 uses the large pitch at the front end to quickly swallow and expel loose rock chips, and relies on the squeezing and compacting effect of the small pitch at the rear end to actively and forcibly transport the slag-water mixture upward along the axial direction of the drill rod 2 to the collection device 200 at the tail. During the transport process, the buffer component 300 absorbs and cancels the high-frequency impact vibration transmitted by the rock drill body 1 in real time, ensuring the smooth operation of the collection device 200 and the transport device 100. Finally, the slag-water separation and liquid circulation are completed in the collection device 200.

[0031] In contrast, traditional drilling cuttings removal relies on the buoyancy of water flow and the pressure difference inside the hole for passive cuttings return, without active conveying capability. In deep holes and hard rock conditions, the upward resistance of cuttings is large, and rock cuttings tend to accumulate behind the drill bit, which can easily cause drill blockage, slow progress, and drill bit eccentric swaying and wear. In contrast, the present invention uses variable pitch blades 102 for forced active conveying. During the rotation process, the variable pitch blades 102 use the large pitch at the front end to quickly swallow and expel loose rock cuttings, and rely on the squeezing and compacting effect of the small pitch at the rear end to actively and forcibly convey the cuttings-water mixture upward along the drill rod 2 axis to the collection device 200 at the tail.

[0032] The beneficial effects are that the transport sleeve 101 is suspended on the outside of the drill rod 2, without interfering with the impact rotation of the drill rod 2. The variable pitch blades 102 on the inner wall form a pressure gradient that decreases from large to small. The large pitch at the front end ensures that a large amount of slag is quickly introduced into the hole and will not accumulate and block the hole. The small pitch at the rear end squeezes the slag-water mixture, increases the transport pressure, effectively prevents slag backflow, backflow, and slag accumulation, realizes active forced slag discharge, greatly improves the slag discharge efficiency of deep hole drilling, avoids slag accumulation and drill blockage, eccentric shaking, and tooth wear of the drill bit, and significantly improves the drilling quality and construction progress speed. This invention solves the problem of slag removal while also addressing the issue of traditional external wall protection devices easily getting stuck during drilling. Since the transport sleeve 101 is not rigidly connected to the drill rod 2 and is equipped with a buffer component 300, when encountering partial collapse of the hole wall or irregular hole diameter, the transport sleeve 101 can generate a slight radial adaptive float under the elastic support of the buffer component 300, avoiding being stuck in the hole like traditional rigid wall protection devices. This flexible floating slag removal structure not only reduces the slag removal torque but also protects the hole wall and prevents further collapse, thus improving the drilling quality under complex geological conditions.

[0033] See also Figure 3As shown, the transport sleeve 101 is provided with a flared structure 103 at one end near the tricone drill bit 3, and the diameter of the flared structure 103 is slightly smaller than the diameter of the tricone drill bit 3. Specifically, the front end of the sleeve is flared outward to form a funnel-shaped feeding area. The gravel and mud scattered around the bottom of the borehole can be gathered into the inside of the sleeve and will not accumulate between the end face of the sleeve and the rock wall. If the end of the sleeve is a straight cylinder structure, large pieces of rock debris are very easy to get stuck on the end face of the sleeve and behind the drill bit, forming a blockage and causing the drill to stall. The tricone drill bit 3 is the component with the largest outer diameter in the entire drill bit. The borehole diameter is determined by the outer diameter of the drill bit. The flaring diameter is slightly smaller than the drill bit. The overall outer diameter of the sleeve is smaller than the borehole diameter throughout the entire process. During drilling advance and retraction, the outer wall of the sleeve will not squeeze or scrape the surrounding rock of the hole wall, preventing broken rock fragments from squeezing the sleeve and causing it to lock up or jam, thus greatly reducing the resistance of the advance and retraction rods.

[0034] Example 2 See also Figure 8 and Figure 10 As shown, in order to achieve solid-liquid separation of the slag-water mixture and recycling of the liquid, the collection device 200 includes a collection box 210, two sets of conveyor belt structures 220 arranged vertically with different apertures, a gear and belt drive structure 230 for driving the conveyor belt structures 220, and a control source 240. The two sets of conveyor belt structures 220 are inclined, and the aperture of the upper conveyor belt structure 220 is larger than that of the lower conveyor belt structure 220, so as to achieve gradient classification and screening of the slag-water mixture. Isolation plates 250 are uniformly fixed on the surface of the conveyor belt structure 220, and the isolation plates 250 move synchronously with the conveyor belt structure 220. A stone slag outlet box 211 is provided on one side of the collection box 210, and the conveyor belt structure 220 is positioned at the upper end. Extending into the outlet box 211, the outlet box 211 is equipped with an inclined guide plate 212, which is located between two sets of conveyor belt structures 220. The inclined guide plate 212 is used to receive the stone debris falling from the upper side and prevent the stone debris from directly hitting the lower conveyor belt structure 220. Inside the collection box 210, the bottom of the lower conveyor belt structure 220 is equipped with an inclined filter screen 260. The top of the isolation plate 250 of the lower conveyor belt structure 220 is close to the inclined filter screen 260. As the conveyor belt structure 220 rotates, the fine debris on the surface of the inclined filter screen 260 is scraped and cleaned. The bottom of the collection box 210 is equipped with a water outlet 213 and a water outlet pipe 214. The water outlet pipe 214 is connected to a water purification device. The screened wastewater is purified by the water purification device and then circulated into the water supply system of the rock drill. Specifically, the conveyor belt structure 220 in this embodiment adopts the existing chain-type mesh belt conveyor structure, mainly composed of a chain-type conveyor belt 221 and a movable roller 222 that drives the conveyor belt 221 to rotate in a cycle. The conveyor belt 221 is composed of multiple sets of metal chain links connected in series. The specific structure is the existing technology. The whole forms a mesh-like hollow structure, which has the characteristics of water permeability, slag permeability, high strength and wear resistance. It is suitable for the wet and muddy impact conditions of slag-water mixture. The entire conveyor belt 221 is arranged around the outside of the movable roller 222. The gear and belt drive structure 230 drives the movable roller 222 to rotate synchronously, thereby driving the chain-type conveyor belt 221 to perform continuous cyclic conveying motion. The isolation plate 250 is installed on the outer link of the conveyor belt 221. When the chain conveyor belt is working, it needs to bend, rotate, and cycle around the movable roller 222. There are frequent relative rotations and changes in folding angles between the links. If the isolation plate 250 is installed on the inner side of the link, in the gap between the links, or in the middle of the link plate, it will directly restrict the rotational freedom of the adjacent links, causing the conveyor belt to be unable to bend, jam, deform, and unable to cycle normally. The outer link is the outermost fixed single structure of the chain, without folding kinematic pairs or relative rotation. Installing the isolation plate 250 will not affect the bending, rotation, and movement around the roller of the chain at all. At the same time, the outer link of the chain is an integral thickened metal structure with the greatest stress rigidity and the smallest deformation. It is the only stress position of the entire conveyor belt where high-strength external accessories can be connected. The inner chain plates, pins, and rollers are all kinematic fit structures and cannot withstand external impact loads. Fixing the isolation plate 250 on the outer link can ensure high fixing strength, and it is not easy to loosen, deform, or fall off. This application does not limit the specific structure of the control source 240, but preferably it is a servo motor. The specific structure and working principle of the servo motor are existing technologies and will not be described in detail here.

[0035] In this implementation, two sets of conveyor belt structures 220 are inclinedly arranged inside the collection box 210, and are driven synchronously by a unified gear belt transmission structure 230 and a control source 240. The upper conveyor belt 221 has a larger mesh size for initial interception of large rock fragments, while the lower conveyor belt 221 has a smaller mesh size for secondary interception of fine rock fragments. Isolation plates 250 are evenly fixed to the surfaces of both sets of conveyor belts 221, dividing them into multiple independent material-carrying zones. A stone fragment outlet box 211 is provided on one side of the collection box 210, with the upper ends of both sets of conveyor belts 221 extending into this outlet box 211, allowing the conveyor belts 221 to discharge the filtered stone fragments into the outlet box 211. An inclined guide plate is suspended in the space between the two sets of conveyor belts. The flow plate 212 prevents the stone debris discharged from the upper conveyor belt 221 from impacting the lower conveyor belt 221. In addition, an inclined filter screen 260 is provided at the bottom of the lower conveyor belt 221. When the isolation plate 250 of the lower conveyor belt 221 rotates upward with the conveyor belt 221, its top edge will closely fit the surface of the inclined filter screen 260, thereby scraping off the rock debris accumulated on the surface of the inclined filter screen 260 and transporting it into the outlet box 211. The bottom of the collection box 210 is provided with a water outlet 213, which is connected to the external water purification equipment through the water outlet pipe 214 to form a closed-loop water circuit.

[0036] The structure consists of two layers of differentiated aperture conveyor belts 221, which achieve gradient classification and screening of the slag-water mixture transported by the conveyor device 100. The upper layer of large aperture conveyor belts 221 preferentially intercepts large pieces of stone slag, allowing fine rock powder and water to seep downwards. The lower layer of small aperture conveyor belts 221 intercepts fine rock powder in a secondary manner, thus achieving the stratified separation of large and small rock slag particles and water. The surface isolation plate 250 structure of the conveyor belt 221 divides the surface of the conveyor belt 221 into independent conveying areas, increases the friction of stone conveying, prevents stone slippage, accumulation and backflow during the conveying process of the inclined conveyor belt 221, ensures that both large and small stone particles can be stably conveyed upward to the outlet box 211, eliminates slag slippage and stagnation, adapts to continuous and high-speed forced slag discharge flow, and improves the continuity and stability of solid-liquid separation; The structure of the outlet box 211 and the internal inclined guide plate 212 uses the inclined guide plate 212 to receive large pieces of gravel falling from the upper conveyor belt 221, and prevent large pieces of gravel from directly impacting the lower conveyor belt 221, effectively protecting the lower fine screening conveyor belt 221 and avoiding deformation and damage from impacts with hard rock gravel. The lower conveyor belt 221 works in conjunction with the self-scraping structure of the inclined filter screen 260. The inclined filter screen 260 is tilted so that the rock debris filtered by the lower conveyor belt 221 flows towards the bottom of the inclined filter screen 260 due to the impact of the liquid and the influence of gravity. The top of the isolation plate 250 rotates with the equipment to dynamically scrape off the fine rock powder and mud adhering to the bottom surface of the inclined filter screen 260, achieving tilted self-cleaning while discharging fine mud.

[0037] The beneficial effects are that the collection device 200 and the transport device 100 work together, enabling the collection device 200 to accept the continuous, high-flow, forced transport of slag-water mixtures from the transport device 100. This solves the problem that traditional active slag discharge equipment can only discharge slag and cannot treat slag-water on-site. Through the integrated design of gradient screening, automatic slag conveying, self-cleaning filtration, and water recycling, the entire rock drilling equipment achieves a complete operation process of active slag discharge at the bottom of the hole, stable conveying in the hole, on-site treatment at the end of the hole, and water recycling. This improves the continuous deep-hole operation capability of large hydraulic rock drills and reduces the workload of manual slag removal, water changing, and equipment maintenance.

[0038] like Figure 8 and Figure 10 As shown, in order to avoid blockage of the upper conveyor belt 221, the collection box 210 is provided with a circulating water pipe 270 and a water pump 280 on the side away from the outlet box 211. One end of the circulating water pipe 270 is installed between the two conveyor belt structures 220 and is located with the conveyor belt structure 220 facing downwards, and the other end is set towards the upper end of the conveyor sleeve 101, for spraying and rinsing the slag-water mixture accumulated on the surface of the upper conveyor belt structure 220. In this implementation, the inlet end of the circulating water pipe 270 is arranged between the two sets of upper and lower conveyor belts 221 and on the back side of the conveyor belts 221 facing downwards. It is used to extract the turbid slag-water mixture that has not been filtered and has temporarily accumulated between the two layers of conveyor belts 221. The outlet end of the circulating water pipe 270 extends upwards to the top of the collection box 210. The outlet 213 is directly opposite the upper discharge position of the conveyor sleeve 101 and the feed surface of the upper conveyor belt 221. When the equipment is working, the water pump 280 continuously provides circulation power to re-extract the slag-water mixture that has been retained, accumulated, and not completely screened between the two layers of conveyor belts 221 and spray it downwards to rinse it, thereby realizing the circulation and rinsing of the slag accumulated on the surface of the upper conveyor belt 221 and the slag accumulated at the discharge port of the conveyor sleeve 101.

[0039] The structure is designed so that the inlet of the circulating water pipe 270 is located between the two layers of conveyor belts 221 and is positioned downwards. The area between the two layers of conveyor belts is a dead zone where the sludge-water mixture is most likely to accumulate, silt up, and not be filtered in time. The downward side of the conveyor belt is also prone to trapping fine mud and sludge. By setting the water intake point here, the accumulated water and suspended fine sludge that cannot be filtered in time can be accurately extracted, preventing the sludge-water mixture from continuously accumulating, overflowing, and clogging the mesh in the screening interlayer. The outlet of the circulating water pipe 270 is arranged facing the upper end of the transport sleeve 101 and the feed surface of the upper transport mesh belt 221. The recycled slag-water mixture is sprayed twice on the discharge port of the transport sleeve 101 and the feed area of ​​the upper mesh belt to wash, dilute and spread the viscous mud and piled stone slag that have just entered the screening area. It can actively break up clumps of mud and densely piled slag, avoid large pieces and thick layers of slag from accumulating and clogging the mesh, and make the slag and water evenly spread on the surface of the mesh belt, improve the uniformity and throughput of gradient screening, and significantly reduce the probability of mesh belt blockage. At the same time, the pitch of the variable pitch blade 102 is the smallest at the outlet end of the transport sleeve 101, where the rock chips are squeezed the most, which can easily cause rock chips to adhere to the surface of the variable pitch blade 102, resulting in a decrease in slag discharge efficiency. When the transport sleeve 101 rotates and the discharge port faces upward, the slag-water mixture washes the surface of the variable pitch blade 102.

[0040] The beneficial effects, in conjunction with the front-end conveying device 100, are as follows: when the instantaneous volume and flow rate of the slag-water mixture discharged from the bottom of the hole are too large, the upper conveying mesh belt 221 often cannot filter the water in time, causing the mixture to accumulate on the surface of the upper conveying mesh belt 221. At this time, the circulating water pipe 270 on the side wall of the collection box 210 will pump the liquid filtered initially to the top for spraying and rinsing, washing, diluting, and spreading the viscous mud and piled stone slag accumulated on the surface of the upper conveying mesh belt 221, actively breaking up the clumps of mud and densely piled slag. When the isolation plate 250 of the lower conveying mesh belt 221 scrapes the bottom inclined filter screen 260 upward, it will pick up the fine slag accumulated on the surface of the lower conveying mesh belt 221 and the inclined filter screen 260 again and transport it out with the conveying mesh belt 221, thereby achieving self-cleaning of the two layers of conveying mesh belt 221 and inclined filter screen 260, and avoiding clogging of the conveying mesh belt 221 and inclined filter screen 260.

[0041] Example 3 like Figures 5 to 9As shown, to prevent the vibration generated by the transport sleeve 101 from damaging the collection box 210, the buffer assembly 300 includes an annular elastic pad 310 and multiple sets of elastic inclined support mechanisms 320. The annular elastic pad 310 is sealed at the through connection between the transport sleeve 101 and the collection box 210. A fixing ring 330 is fixedly provided on the outer periphery of the transport sleeve 101, and a sliding sleeve plate 340 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the fixing ring 330. The elastic inclined support mechanism 320 is inclinedly arranged between the sliding sleeve plate 340 and the collection box 210 to achieve multi-angle adaptive buffering and shock absorption. Multiple embedded inner roller shafts 350 are provided on the outer ring surface of the fixing ring 330. The inner roller shafts 350 are rotatably mounted on the fixing ring 330, and the circumferential surface of the inner roller shafts 350 is in contact with the recessed surface of the sliding sleeve plate 340. Multiple embedded outer roller shafts 360 are provided on both sides of the bottom of the 40. The outer roller shafts 360 are rotatably mounted on the sliding sleeve 340, and the circumferential surface of the outer roller shafts 360 is in contact with the circumferential surface of the transport sleeve 101, so that the inclined support structure maintains stable support when the transport sleeve 101 rotates independently, without rotational interference. The drive device 400 includes a drive source 401, a sprocket and chain structure 402, and an elastic coupling 403. An elastic mounting seat 404 and a protective box 405 are fixed on the collection box 210. The drive source 401 is installed inside the protective box 405. The sprocket and chain structure 402 are respectively connected to the output end of the drive source 401 and the transport sleeve 101. The elastic coupling 403 is located between the drive source 401 and the sprocket to isolate vibration and prevent vibration from damaging the drive source 401 in the reverse direction. Specifically, the elastic diagonal bracing mechanism 320 includes an inclined support rod 321, a hinge seat 322, and a buffer spring 323. The two hinge seats 322 are respectively installed on the side of the collection box 210 and the top surface of the sliding sleeve plate 340, and slide relative to both. The buffer springs 323 are respectively located on both sides of the hinge seat 322. The inclined support rod 321 is located between the two hinge seats 322 and is movably hinged to the two hinge seats 322. The specific structure and working principle of the elastic diagonal bracing mechanism 320 are existing technologies and will not be described in detail here. This application does not limit the specific structure of the drive source 401, but preferably it is a servo motor. The specific structure and working principle of the servo motor are existing technologies, and will not be described in detail here. In this implementation method, during the drilling operation, the drive source 401 outputs power through the flexible coupling 403 and the sprocket and chain structure 402, driving the transport sleeve 101 to rotate independently, so that the transport sleeve 101 and the drill rod 2 maintain the same speed and direction of synchronous operation, ensuring that the variable pitch blade 102 can continuously and stably discharge slag. During the power transmission process, the flexible coupling 403 uses its own flexible buffering characteristics to effectively absorb the torsional vibration and impact vibration generated by the operation of the transport sleeve 101, blocking the vibration from being transmitted in the reverse direction to the drive source 401 along the transmission link, avoiding the accumulation of vibration and component impact damage caused by rigid transmission. At the same time, the flexible mounting base 404, together with the protective box 405, provides overall shock absorption isolation and airtight protection for the drive source 401. The outer wall of the transport sleeve 101 is in contact with the outer roller shaft 360 and rotates relative to each other. The outer ring surface of the fixed ring 330 is in contact with the inner roller shaft 350 and slides relative to each other, so that the transport sleeve 101 can rotate independently and freely. The outer fixed ring 330, sliding sleeve 340 and elastic inclined support mechanism 320 always remain in a static support state, completely eliminating rotational motion interference and sliding friction resistance, ensuring that the transport sleeve 101 has high rotational roundness, no eccentric swaying, and no jamming or loss of rotation, and providing precise mechanical support for the variable pitch blade 102 to stably establish a conveying pressure gradient and realize anti-backflow forced slag discharge. The annular elastic pad 310 at the connection between the transport sleeve 101 and the collection box 210 preferentially absorbs the axial movement impact of the sleeve, while simultaneously sealing the connection to prevent leakage. The multiple sets of elastic inclined bracing mechanisms 320 arranged circumferentially, combined with their own elastic deformation characteristics, absorb the radial sway, micro-torsional vibration and high-frequency impact residual stress of the transport sleeve 101 from multiple angles and in all directions, gradually releasing and attenuating the vibration energy, avoiding the hard transmission of vibration caused by rigid support, and significantly reducing the structural damage of vibration to the collection box 210 and the rear screening structure.

[0042] The structure of the annular elastic pad 310 seals and blocks the through gap between the transport sleeve 101 and the collection box 210. It also serves as an axial buffer, end face shock absorption, and anti-seepage and waterproof function. It can absorb the impact stress generated by the axial movement of the transport sleeve 101, avoid the box body cracking and loosening caused by hard metal contact, and prevent the slag and water mixture from overflowing from the connection, thus ensuring a closed screening environment inside the collection box 210. The inclined elastic bracing mechanism 320 provides circumferential multi-point and multi-angle elastic support for the transport sleeve 101. It can simultaneously absorb radial sway, axial impact and torsional micro-vibration, and achieve adaptive flexible buffering. Compared with the traditional single vertical shock absorption structure, the inclined support can unload force in multiple dimensions, adapt to the high-frequency, complex and multi-directional composite vibration of the rock drill, has a wider shock absorption coverage, stronger support stability, and effectively reduces the transmission efficiency of vibration to the collection box 210. The inner roller shaft 350 and outer roller shaft 360 have a double-sided rolling fit structure, forming a double-layer rolling friction pair between the fixed ring 330 and the sliding sleeve 340, and between the sliding sleeve 340 and the transport sleeve 101. This enables the transport sleeve 101 to rotate independently while the elastic inclined support mechanism 320 remains stationary. This solves the problems of traditional support structures rotating with the sleeve, high frictional resistance, jamming, and severe wear. Zero-interference rotation ensures the stable slag discharge speed of the transport sleeve 101 and guarantees the continuous and stable forced slag conveying of the variable pitch blades 102, while reducing structural wear. The flexible coupling 403 forms a flexible buffer transmission node between the drive source 401 and the transmission sprocket, blocking the reverse transmission of vibration from the transport sleeve 101 to the drive source 401. This solves the problem of vibration back transmission and impact damage to parts in rigid transmission, ensuring synchronous transmission accuracy and achieving vibration isolation, thereby reducing the vibration damage failure rate of the drive motor.

[0043] The beneficial effects are as follows: through the double-layer roller shaft non-interference rotation structure, the transport sleeve 101 can continuously, stably, and with high precision operate synchronously with the drill rod 2, so that the large flow rate feeding and extrusion anti-backflow effect of the variable pitch blade 102 can always be stably exerted, and the slag discharge failure will not be caused by jamming, loss of rotation, or resistance fluctuations; on the other hand, through multiple elastic buffers and flexible transmission, the high-frequency impact vibration of rock drilling is completely isolated from the screening box and drive system, which solves the problems of large vibration, easy cracking of the box, easy damage to the drive, and high failure rate of traditional slag discharge equipment with sleeve.

[0044] Working principle: When the rock drill body 1 starts working, it drives the drill rod 2 to impact the rock mass at high frequency and rotate at low speed. This drives the trident drill bit 3 at the front end of the drill rod 2 to squeeze, cut and impact the rock mass, thereby breaking the rock. At the same time, the rock drill water supply system introduces high-pressure cooling water into the center of the drill rod 2. The high-pressure cooling water sprays out from the water hole of the drill bit to cool and remove dust from the drill bit. It also mixes thoroughly with the large pieces of broken stone and fine rock powder at the bottom of the hole, forming a high-concentration slag-water mixture at the bottom of the hole. The drive unit 400 starts synchronously, and the drive source 401 outputs power through the sprocket and chain structure 402. The flexible coupling 403 flexibly transmits torque, driving the tail transport sleeve 101 to rotate as a whole. This makes the transport sleeve 101 and the drill rod 2 rotate synchronously at the same speed and in the same direction. The transport sleeve 101 is suspended on the outside of the drill rod 2 and has no rigid connection with the drill rod 2. While the drill rod 2 rotates independently, the transport sleeve 101 independently drives the inner wall variable pitch blade 102 to rotate. The slag-water mixture at the bottom of the hole quickly enters the sleeve through the front flared structure 103 of the transport sleeve 101. The large volume structure of the front large pitch blade quickly collects a large amount of slag material at the bottom of the hole. Then, the gradually decreasing pitch blade at the rear end compresses and pressurizes the slag-water mixture, causing the slag-water mixture to generate forced conveying pressure from the bottom of the hole to the main unit end, realizing active upward conveying. At the same time, the rear compression pressure forms a sealing resistance to prevent the backflow of slag material and mud, completing the continuous forced slag discharge and conveying process. Throughout the continuous rotation and slag discharge process of the transport sleeve 101, the axial and radial composite vibrations generated by the high-frequency impact of the rock drill continuously act on the transport sleeve 101. At this time, the buffer assembly 300 works synchronously. The annular elastic pad 310 at the connection between the transport sleeve 101 and the collection box 210 first absorbs the axial movement vibration of the sleeve and achieves end face sealing to prevent slag seepage. At the same time, the fixing ring 330 and sliding sleeve 340 on the outer side of the transport sleeve 101 work in conjunction with the inner and outer double-layer roller structure. The outer roller 360 rolls against the outer wall of the transport sleeve 101, and the inner roller 350 rolls against the inner wall of the sliding sleeve 340, so that the transport sleeve 101 can be transported smoothly and efficiently. The sleeve 101 rotates independently, while the outer elastic bracing mechanism 320 remains stationary, completely eliminating rotational motion interference and ensuring stable and smooth rotation of the sleeve. At the same time, multiple sets of inclined elastic bracing mechanisms 320 release the radial sway, micro-torsion, and high-frequency residual vibration of the transport sleeve 101 through elastic deformation, gradually attenuating the vibration energy and preventing the vibration from being directly transmitted to the collection box 210, which could cause structural cracking or loosening. Meanwhile, the elastic coupling 403 of the drive device 400 continuously isolates the sleeve from reverse vibration, preventing the vibration impact from being transmitted to the drive source 401, thus achieving shock absorption and protection of the drive components. The slag-water mixture, conveyed to the tail end by the transport sleeve 101, continuously falls onto the surface of the double-layer transport mesh belt 221 inside the collection box 210. The upper and lower transport mesh belts 221 are driven synchronously by the gear belt transmission structure 230, achieving gradient screening by utilizing the difference in mesh size between the upper layer (larger mesh) and the lower layer (smaller mesh). Large pieces of stone are intercepted by the upper mesh belt, while fine rock powder and water pass through the upper transport mesh belt 221 and fall to the lower mesh belt, where the lower transport mesh belt 221 again intercepts the fine rock powder and water. As the body continues to seep downwards, the isolation plates 250 evenly distributed on the surface of the conveyor belt 221 move synchronously with the conveyor belt 221, separating the stone chips on the inclined conveyor belt 221, preventing the stone chips from sliding under their own weight, accumulating and flowing back, and stably driving the stone chips of various sizes to be transported towards the outlet box 211. The inclined guide plate 212 inside the outlet box 211 receives the large pieces of stone falling from the upper conveyor belt, preventing large pieces of stone from directly impacting the lower precision conveyor belt, thus protecting the lower screening structure. During the operation of the lower transport belt 221, the top of the isolation plate 250 always slides close to the surface of the bottom inclined filter screen 260, and continuously scrapes away the fine rock powder and mud clumps adsorbed and accumulated on the surface of the filter screen as the belt rotates. When the instantaneous slag discharge is large and the double-layer mesh belt screening speed is lagging, resulting in the accumulation of slag-water mixture between the two mesh belts, the circulating water pump 280 starts to work. Through the water inlet located at a low position between the two mesh belts and the water pump 280, the accumulated turbid slag-water mixture is extracted and then sprayed through the upper outlet 213 to the discharge end of the transport sleeve 101 and the feed surface of the upper mesh belt. This washes, dilutes, and spreads the concentrated accumulation of viscous mud and dense stone chips, breaks up the clumps of slag, and makes the slag-water mixture evenly distributed on the surface of the mesh belt, preventing local slag from being too thick and clogging the mesh. After being screened by a double-layer mesh belt and finely filtered by a filter screen, the clean wastewater is transported from the bottom outlet 213 of the collection tank 210 and the outlet pipe 214 to an external water purification device for deep purification. The purified water is then connected to the rock drill water supply system and transported back to the center hole of the drill rod 2 for drill bit cooling and slag removal at the bottom of the hole, thus realizing the closed-loop recycling of rock drilling cooling water.

[0045] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An impact device for a hydraulic rock drill, comprising a rock drill body (1), a drill rod (2), and a tricone drill bit (3) mounted on the front end of the drill rod (2), characterized in that, The outer periphery of the rod (2) is provided with a transport device (100), a collection device (200), a buffer assembly (300), and a drive device (400) for controlling the operation of the transport device (100). The transport device (100) includes a transport sleeve (101) sleeved on the outer periphery of the drill rod (2) and not rigidly connected to the drill rod (2). A variable pitch blade (102) is fixedly provided on the inner wall of the transport sleeve (101). The pitch of the variable pitch blade (102) at the end near the tricone drill bit (3) is greater than the pitch at the end near the rock drill body (1), and is used to actively and forcibly transport the slag-water mixture at the bottom of the hole upward. The collection device (200) is located at the tail of the transport sleeve (101) and is used to receive the slag-water mixture transported by the transport device (100) and complete solid-liquid separation, rock slag collection and liquid recycling. The buffer assembly (300) is located between the transport sleeve (101) and the collection device (200) to buffer the vibration impact of the transport device (100) and reduce the structural damage of the drilling impact vibration to the collection device (200).

2. The impact device for a hydraulic rock drill according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transport sleeve (101) is provided with a flared structure (103) at one end near the tricone drill bit (3), and the diameter of the flared structure (103) is slightly smaller than the diameter of the tricone drill bit (3).

3. The impact device for a hydraulic rock drill according to claim 2, characterized in that, The collection device (200) includes a collection box (210), two sets of conveyor belt structures (220) arranged vertically and with different apertures, a gear and belt drive structure (230) for driving the conveyor belt structures (220) to operate, and a control source (240). The two sets of conveyor belt structures (220) are inclined, and the mesh aperture of the upper conveyor belt structure (220) is larger than that of the lower conveyor belt structure (220), so as to realize the gradient classification and screening of the slag-water mixture. The surface of the conveyor belt structure (220) is uniformly fixed with a partition plate (250), and the partition plate (250) moves synchronously with the conveyor belt structure (220).

4. The impact device for a hydraulic rock drill according to claim 3, characterized in that, A stone slag outlet box (211) is provided on one side of the collection box (210). The conveyor belt structure (220) extends upward to the outlet box (211). An inclined guide plate (212) is provided inside the outlet box (211). The inclined guide plate (212) is located between the two sets of conveyor belt structures (220) to receive the stone slag falling from the upper side and prevent the stone slag from directly hitting the conveyor belt structure (220) below.

5. The impact device for a hydraulic rock drill according to claim 4, characterized in that, Inside the collection box (210), the bottom of the conveyor belt structure (220) is provided with an inclined filter screen (260). The top of the isolation plate (250) of the conveyor belt structure (220) is close to the inclined filter screen (260). As the conveyor belt structure (220) rotates, the fine debris on the surface of the inclined filter screen (260) is scraped and cleaned. The bottom of the collection box (210) is equipped with a water outlet (213) and a water outlet pipe (214). The water outlet pipe (214) is connected to a water purification device. The wastewater after screening is purified by the water purification device and then circulated into the water supply system of the rock drill.

6. The impact device for a hydraulic rock drill according to claim 5, characterized in that, The collection box (210) is equipped with a circulating water pipe (270) and a water pump (280) on the side away from the outlet box (211). One end of the circulating water pipe (270) is installed between two conveyor belt structures (220) and is located in the downward position of the conveyor belt structure (220). The other end is set towards the upper end of the conveyor sleeve (101) for spraying and rinsing the slag-water mixture accumulated on the surface of the conveyor belt structure (220) above.

7. The impact device for a hydraulic rock drill according to claim 6, characterized in that, The buffer assembly (300) includes an annular elastic pad (310) and multiple sets of elastic bracing mechanisms (320). The annular elastic pad (310) is sealed at the through connection between the transport sleeve (101) and the collection box (210). A fixing ring (330) is fixedly provided on the outer periphery of the transport sleeve (101). A sliding sleeve plate (340) is sleeved on the outer periphery of the fixing ring (330). The elastic bracing mechanism (320) is inclinedly arranged between the sliding sleeve plate (340) and the collection box (210) to achieve multi-angle adaptive buffering and shock absorption.

8. The impact device for a hydraulic rock drill according to claim 7, characterized in that, The outer ring of the fixed ring (330) is provided with multiple embedded inner roller shafts (350). The inner roller shafts (350) are rotatably mounted on the fixed ring (330), and the circumferential surface of the inner roller shafts (350) is in contact with the recessed surface of the sliding sleeve (340). Multiple embedded outer roller shafts (360) are provided on both sides of the bottom of the sliding sleeve (340). The outer roller shafts (360) are rotatably mounted on the sliding sleeve (340), and the circumferential surface of the outer roller shafts (360) is in contact with the circumferential surface of the transport sleeve (101), so that the diagonal bracing structure maintains stable support when the transport sleeve (101) rotates independently, without rotational interference.

9. The impact device for a hydraulic rock drill according to claim 8, characterized in that, The drive unit (400) includes a drive source (401), a sprocket and chain structure (402), and a flexible coupling (403). A flexible mounting base (404) and a protective box (405) are fixed on the collection box (210). The drive source (401) is installed inside the protective box (405). The sprocket and chain structure (402) is connected to the output end of the drive source (401) and the transport sleeve (101) respectively. The flexible coupling (403) is located between the drive source (401) and the sprocket to isolate vibration and prevent vibration from damaging the drive source (401) in the reverse direction.

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