Impact torque impactor

Abstract

The application discloses an anti-impact torsion impactor and relates to the technical field of oil drilling engineering. The anti-impact torsion impactor comprises an impactor main body, a protective cylinder fixedly arranged on the upper portion of the impactor main body, a buffer cylinder movably arranged on the lower portion of the impactor main body, outer crushing blocks fixedly arranged on the protective cylinder and the buffer cylinder respectively, and a buffer mechanism slidably connected between the buffer cylinder and the protective cylinder. The buffer cylinder is buffered by the buffer mechanism when impacted. The protective structure with the functions of protection and buffering is arranged on the outer wall of the torsion impactor, the impact of rock pieces and gravel on the outer sleeve pipe can be reduced by the protective structure, the abrasion of the outer sleeve pipe of the torsion impactor is effectively reduced, and the technical problem of low service life of the existing torsion impactor is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of oil drilling engineering technology, and specifically to an anti-impact torque impactor. Background Technology

[0002] Torque impactors are typically used with PDC drill bits. Their rock-breaking mechanism primarily relies on impact crushing, supplemented by rotational shearing of the rock formation. Their main function is to increase the rate of drilling while maintaining wellbore quality. Torque impactors can eliminate one or more vibrations (lateral, longitudinal, and torsional) that may occur during downhole drill bit movement, keeping the torque of the entire drill string stable and balanced. This cleverly converts the fluid energy of the drilling mud into torsional, high-frequency, uniform, and stable mechanical impact energy, directly transferring it to the PDC drill bit, ensuring continuity between the drill bit and the bottom of the well.

[0003] Currently, there are many technologies related to torsion impactors. For example, patent document CN109681114A discloses a bidirectional high-frequency torsion impactor for speed-up of PDC drill bits. This torsion impactor overcomes the problems of PDC diamond composite drill bits sticking, stopping, and damage caused by instantaneous impact during drilling operations, and has the effects of extending drill bit service life, increasing drilling speed, and extending footage. However, careful analysis reveals that when conventional torsion impactors, represented by this patent document, are used, a large amount of rock fragments and gravel accumulate in the channel after the drill bit breaks through the rock formation. As the drill bit continues to drill, the outer sleeve of the torsion impactor will be subjected to the impact of gravel for a long time, making the outer sleeve of the torsion impactor prone to accelerated wear. Therefore, existing torsion impactors have the technical problem of short service life due to wear of the outer sleeve.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a torsion impactor with shock resistance and buffering functions to improve its service life. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art and to provide an impact-resistant torsional impactor. This invention provides a protective structure with protective and buffering functions on the outer wall of the torsional impactor. The protective structure can reduce the impact of rock fragments and gravel on the outer tube, thereby effectively reducing the wear of the outer tube of the torsional impactor and solving the technical problem of low service life of existing torsional impactors.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: An anti-impact torque impactor includes an impactor body, a protective cylinder fixedly sleeved on the upper part of the impactor body, and a buffer cylinder movably sleeved on the lower part of the impactor body. External breaking blocks are fixed on the protective cylinder and the buffer cylinder respectively. The buffer cylinder and the protective cylinder are slidably connected by a buffering mechanism. When the buffer cylinder is impacted, it is buffered by the buffering mechanism.

[0007] At least two protective shells are fixed on both the protective cylinder and the buffer cylinder. The protective shells on the protective cylinder form a cylinder body and completely enclose the protective cylinder, and the protective shells on the buffer cylinder form a cylinder body and completely enclose the buffer cylinder. The outer fragments are integrally formed on the outer wall of each protective shell.

[0008] The protective cylinder, buffer cylinder, protective shell, and outer fragmentation block are all made of hard alloy, and the outer fragmentation block has a four-sided pyramidal structure.

[0009] The outer crushing block has the same length as the protective shell, and is positioned at the middle of the protective shell along its length.

[0010] The height of the middle part of the outer broken block on the protective shell is higher than the height of the two ends.

[0011] The length of the buffer cylinder is half the length of the protective cylinder.

[0012] The protective shells on the protective cylinder are evenly arranged, and the protective shells on the buffer cylinder are evenly arranged.

[0013] The protective cylinder and the protective shell are fixed together by locking bolts, and the buffer cylinder and the protective shell are fixed together by locking bolts.

[0014] The lower part of the protective cylinder is provided with an annular cavity, the upper end of the buffer mechanism is slidably connected in the annular cavity, and the lower end of the buffer mechanism is fixed to the upper part of the buffer cylinder.

[0015] The buffer mechanism includes a piston ring, a sealing ring, a buffer ring, a spring, and hydraulic oil. The lower end of the piston ring is fixed to the buffer cylinder, and the upper end of the piston ring is slidably disposed in the annular cavity. The sealing ring is fixed to the upper end of the piston ring. The spring and the buffer ring are arranged sequentially above the sealing ring, and the hydraulic oil is disposed between the sealing ring and the buffer ring.

[0016] A limiting structure is provided between the upper end of the piston ring and the lower end of the annular cavity.

[0017] The thickness of the buffer ring is at least three times the thickness of the sealing ring.

[0018] Several annular grooves are provided on the outer wall of both the buffer ring and the sealing ring.

[0019] The piston rings are made of hard alloy, while the buffer rings and sealing rings are made of nitrile rubber.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. This invention features a protective structure on the outer wall of the torsion impactor, primarily composed of a protective cylinder, a buffer cylinder, and an outer fracturing block. This protective structure protects against impacts from rock fragments and gravel, and buffers the impact force. The outer fracturing block also breaks up rock fragments and gravel outside the impactor body, reducing damage to the impactor's exterior. During drilling, this protective structure effectively protects the torsion impactor, reducing wear on the impactor's outer casing and thus extending its service life.

[0021] 2. This invention sets the outer crushing block in a four-sided pyramidal structure, with its length matching the length of the protective shell. The outer crushing block is positioned at the center along the length of the protective shell, and the height of the middle section of the outer crushing block on the protective shell is higher than the heights at both ends. This allows the torsion impactor body to absorb force through its inclined outer wall when impacted by gravel in both vertical and horizontal directions, effectively reducing damage to the impactor body and the protective shell.

[0022] 3. The buffer cylinder in this invention is located at the bottom and will become the main impact part during drilling. This solution sets the length of the buffer cylinder to half the length of the protective cylinder, making the size of the protective cylinder smaller and facilitating sliding to unload the force after being subjected to it.

[0023] 4. The present invention adopts a structure in which the protective shell is evenly arranged on the protective cylinder and the buffer cylinder respectively. During drilling operations, it is convenient to break the rock fragments and gravel around the outside of the torsion impactor, thereby reducing damage to the main body of the impactor.

[0024] 5. The present invention uses locking bolts to connect and fix each protective shell to the protective cylinder and the buffer cylinder. Each protective shell is set independently. When the outer surface of a protective shell is excessively worn, it can be disassembled and replaced individually.

[0025] 6. The buffer mechanism in this invention is mainly composed of piston rings, sealing rings, buffer rings, springs and hydraulic oil. When the buffer cylinder is impacted, the piston rings can slide in the cavity to buffer the impact force.

[0026] 7. In this invention, the thickness of the buffer rubber ring is set to be at least three times the thickness of the sealing rubber ring. When the sealing rubber ring moves with the buffer cylinder and compresses the hydraulic oil in the annular cavity, the buffer rubber ring can be gradually compressed, thereby effectively buffering the instantaneous impact force.

[0027] 8. The buffer ring and sealing ring in this invention are both made of nitrile rubber, and several annular grooves are opened on the outer side wall to facilitate compression under force. At the same time, the rubber has strong wear resistance, aging resistance and good chemical stability, and has a long service life in hydraulic oil. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the protective cylinder in this invention; Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the outer fragmentation block in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the protective cylinder and the buffer cylinder in this invention; Figure 5 for Figure 4 A magnified structural diagram of point A in the middle.

[0029] Legend: 1. Impactor body, 2. Drill rod connection, 3. Drill bit, 4. Protective sleeve, 5. Buffer sleeve, 6. Sheath, 7. Outer crushing block, 8. Locking bolt, 9. Annular cavity, 10. Piston ring, 11. Buffer rubber ring, 12. Sealing rubber ring, 13. Spring, 14. Hydraulic oil. Detailed Implementation

[0030] Example 1 See Figure 1 As a basic embodiment of the present invention, this embodiment provides an anti-impact torque impactor, including an impactor body 1. The top and bottom of the impactor body 1 are respectively provided with a drill rod connection part 2 and a drill bit connection part. The impactor body 1 can be connected to a drill rod and a drill bit 3 respectively through the drill rod connection part 2 and the drill bit connection part. Crucially, a protective cylinder 4 is fixedly fitted on the upper part of the impactor body 1, and a buffer cylinder 5 is movably fitted on the lower part of the impactor body 1. Both the protective cylinder 4 and the buffer cylinder 5 are made of hard alloy. External crushing blocks 7 are fixed on the protective cylinder 4 and the buffer cylinder 5 respectively. The external crushing blocks 7 have the function of crushing rock fragments and gravel, and absorbing force. Through the cooperation of the protective cylinder 4, the buffer cylinder 5, and the external crushing blocks 7, the impact and wear of rock fragments and gravel on the impactor body 1 can be effectively reduced. The buffer cylinder 5 and the protective cylinder 4 are slidably connected by a buffer mechanism. When the buffer cylinder 5 is impacted by rock fragments and gravel, the buffer cylinder 5 will buffer the instantaneous impact force under the guidance of the buffer mechanism, thereby reducing damage to the impactor body 1.

[0031] In the actual drilling process, the buffer cylinder 5 located at the lower part of the impactor body 1 is the part that is mainly impacted. Therefore, in this embodiment, the length of the buffer cylinder 5 is set to half the length of the protective cylinder 4. By reducing the length of the buffer cylinder 5, it is easier for the buffer cylinder 5 to slide and unload the force after being impacted.

[0032] In this embodiment, the outer breaking block 7 can be made of hard metal with rock-breaking capabilities. To better demonstrate the rock-breaking and stress-relieving effects of the outer breaking block 7, a cutting edge structure can be designed on it. Of course, a structure similar to the cutting teeth on the cutterhead of a tunnel boring machine can also be used. In addition, this embodiment does not limit the structure of the buffer mechanism; it can adopt existing conventional spring 13 buffer structures, etc.

[0033] It should be noted that this embodiment does not limit the outer diameter of the protective cylinder 4 and the buffer cylinder 5. The outer diameters of the protective cylinder 4 and the buffer cylinder 5 can be the same or different, depending on the actual working requirements.

[0034] In actual use, the protective cylinder 4 and the buffer cylinder 5 can provide protective protection for the outer wall of the impactor body 1. The outer crushing block 7 can crush the surrounding rock fragments and gravel. The impact force on the impactor body 1 is reduced by unloading the force. The buffer mechanism can slide to unload the force when the buffer cylinder 5 is subjected to the impact force, thereby effectively reducing the damage to the torsional impactor.

[0035] Example 2 As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, based on embodiment 1, this embodiment further optimizes the structure of the protective cylinder 4, the buffer cylinder 5 and the outer breaking block 7.

[0036] See Figure 2-3 At least two arc-shaped protective shells 6 are fixed to both the protective cylinder 4 and the buffer cylinder 5. Preferably, four protective shells 6 are provided on both the protective cylinder 4 and the buffer cylinder 5. The four protective shells 6 on the protective cylinder 4 are evenly arranged around the protective cylinder 4, and the length of the four protective shells 6 is preferably the same as the length of the protective cylinder 4, so that they can form a cylinder and completely enclose the protective cylinder 4. The four protective shells 6 on the buffer cylinder 5 are evenly arranged around the buffer cylinder 5, and the length of the four protective shells 6 is preferably the same as the length of the buffer cylinder 5, so that they can also form a cylinder and completely enclose the buffer cylinder 5. Both the protective shells 6 and the outer crushing blocks 7 are made of hard alloy. The outer crushing blocks 7 are integrally formed on the outer wall of each protective shell 6, which can improve the overall rigidity between the protective cylinder 4 and the outer crushing blocks 7 and between the buffer cylinder 5 and the outer crushing blocks 7, so as to better play the role of crushing rock fragments and gravel and unloading force.

[0037] See Figure 2 In this embodiment, the protective cylinder 4 and the protective shell 6 are fixed together by locking bolts 8, and the buffer cylinder 5 and the protective shell 6 are also fixed together by locking bolts 8. Specifically, the locking bolts 8 are respectively set at the corners of the upper and lower ends of the protective shell 6. The locking bolts 8 pass through the protective shell 6 and are threadedly connected to the corresponding protective cylinder 4 and buffer cylinder 5 respectively. Each protective shell 6 is set independently. When the exterior of a protective shell 6 is excessively worn, it can be disassembled and replaced individually.

[0038] See Figure 3 In this embodiment, the outer crushing block 7 is a four-sided pyramidal structure. The length of the outer crushing block 7 is the same as the length of the protective shell 6. The outer crushing block 7 is located at the middle of the protective shell 6 along its length, and the height of the middle of the outer crushing block 7 on the protective shell 6 is higher than the height of the two ends. The outer crushing block 7 adopts an outer four-sided structure, which gives it a cutting edge and a beveled surface. Whether the impactor body 1 is impacted by gravel in the vertical or horizontal direction, its inclined outer wall facilitates force dissipation, thereby effectively reducing damage to the impactor body 1 and the protective shell 6.

[0039] In practical use, both the protective cylinder 4 and the buffer cylinder 5 are equipped with four-sided pyramidal outer breaking blocks 7, which can break through the rock fragments and gravel outside the impactor body 1 during drilling, thereby reducing damage to the exterior of the impactor body 1 caused by rock fragments and gravel. Simultaneously, the split-type protective shell 6 further protects the exterior of the impactor body 1. During maintenance, if the protective shell 6 is severely damaged, the damaged portion can be independently disassembled and replaced without removing all four sides, saving materials and allowing for quick and simple replacement.

[0040] Example 3 As the preferred embodiment of the present invention, based on Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2, this embodiment further optimizes the structure of the buffer mechanism.

[0041] See Figure 4-5 The lower side wall of the protective cylinder 4 has an annular cavity 9, which is formed from the lower end face of the protective cylinder 4 upwards. The upper end of the buffer mechanism is slidably connected in the annular cavity 9, and the lower end of the buffer mechanism is fixed to the upper part of the buffer cylinder 5. When the buffer cylinder 5 is impacted, the buffer mechanism can slide in the annular cavity 9 to buffer the impact force.

[0042] Furthermore, the buffer mechanism includes a piston ring 10, a sealing ring 12, a buffer ring 11, a spring 13, and hydraulic oil 14. The lower end of the piston ring 10 is fixed to the buffer cylinder 5, and the upper end of the piston ring 10 is slidably disposed within the annular cavity 9. The sealing ring 12 is fixed to the upper end of the piston ring 10. The spring 13 and the buffer ring 11 are sequentially disposed above the sealing ring 12, and the hydraulic oil 14 is disposed between the sealing ring 12 and the buffer ring 11. The piston ring 10 is made of hard alloy, and the thickness of the buffer ring 11 is at least three times the thickness of the sealing ring 12. When the buffer cylinder 5 is impacted, the sealing ring 12 moves with the buffer cylinder 5 under the drive of the piston ring 10, compressing the hydraulic oil 14 in the annular cavity 9, and gradually compressing the buffer ring 11 to buffer the instantaneous impact force.

[0043] In this embodiment, both the buffer ring 11 and the sealing ring 12 are made of nitrile rubber. Several annular grooves are formed on the outer wall of both the buffer ring 11 and the sealing ring 12. These grooves allow the buffer ring 11 and the sealing ring 12 to compress and buffer under impact. Furthermore, this rubber exhibits strong wear resistance, aging resistance, and good chemical stability, resulting in a long service life in the hydraulic oil 14.

[0044] See Figure 5 In this embodiment, a limiting structure is provided between the upper end of the piston ring 10 and the lower end of the annular cavity 9. The limiting structure can be an inner boss provided at the lower opening of the annular cavity 9 and an outer protrusion provided at the upper end of the piston ring 10, so as to ensure effective connection and effective buffering between the buffer cylinder 5 and the protective cylinder 4.

[0045] In actual use, during the drilling operation of the drill bit 3, the buffer cylinder 5 is first impacted in the drilling direction close to the drill bit 3. The buffer cylinder 5 slides outside the impactor body 1, while the piston ring 10 compresses the hydraulic oil 14 in the annular cavity 9. When subjected to instantaneous impact force, the hydraulic oil 14 squeezes the buffer ring 11, thereby further buffering the impact force. The spring 13 set at the bottom of the buffer ring 11 plays an auxiliary buffering role to prevent the instantaneous impact force from being too large and causing damage to the annular cavity 9.

[0046] The following comparative tests were conducted under the same drilling conditions using the anti-impact torque impactor provided in Embodiment 3 of the present invention and the torque impactor cited in the background art as comparative examples, as detailed below: I. Setting of Experimental Conditions Stratigraphic conditions: Hard rock strata (granite, compressive strength ≥150MPa); Soft strata (shale, compressive strength ≤50MPa); Drilling parameters: Drilling pressure: 8-12 tons; Speed: 60-80 RPM; Drilling fluid density: 1.2-1.5 g / cm³; Equipment configuration: Drill bit type: PDC drill bit; Impact frequency: Comparative conventional impactor (20-25Hz) vs. the high-efficiency drilling torque impactor of the present invention (18-22Hz, adjustable); Test duration: Each group drilled continuously for 24 hours.

[0047] II. Experimental Results Table 1: Results of the Impact Comparison Experiment III. Experimental Phenomena and Mechanism Analysis —Hard rock formation characteristics: Comparative example: (1) High-frequency impact caused the drill bit teeth to break (replace every 20 hours), and the bottom temperature rose to over 130°C.

[0048] (2) The drilling pressure fluctuates greatly, and the "drill jumping" phenomenon occurs frequently, and micro-cracks are easily generated in the well wall.

[0049] This invention: (1) The composite buffer system (hydraulic oil + spring) absorbs high-frequency vibrations, and the drill bit temperature is kept below 90℃.

[0050] (2) Externally fractured rock 7 pre-fractured to reduce instantaneous load on the drill bit and reduce tooth wear.

[0051] —Characteristics of soft strata: Comparative example: Lateral vibrations can cause wellbore collapse, requiring frequent adjustments to drilling fluid properties to maintain wellbore stability.

[0052] This invention: (1) The protective shell 6 and the outer broken block 7 compact the well wall to reduce the risk of hole collapse.

[0053] (2) The sliding design of the buffer cylinder 5 disperses the lateral stress and reduces the well diameter expansion rate by 30%.

[0054] IV. Conclusion (1) The anti-impact design of the present invention significantly reduces vibration and drilling pressure fluctuation through a multi-stage buffer system (hydraulic oil + spring + rubber ring), increasing hard rock drilling speed by 50% and extending drill bit life by 60%.

[0055] (2) The present invention reduces the risk of wellbore instability by working together with the outer crushing block 7 and the protective shell 6, and significantly improves the quality of the wellbore.

[0056] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention. Any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by other equivalent or similar features unless otherwise specified. All features or steps in all methods or processes disclosed may be combined in any way except for mutually exclusive features and / or steps.

Claims

1. An anti-impact torsion impactor, comprising an impactor body (1), characterized in that: The upper part of the impactor body (1) is fixedly fitted with a protective cylinder (4), and the lower part of the impactor body (1) is movably fitted with a buffer cylinder (5). The protective cylinder (4) and the buffer cylinder (5) are respectively fixed with an outer crushing block (7). The buffer cylinder (5) and the protective cylinder (4) are slidably connected by a buffer mechanism. When the buffer cylinder (5) is impacted, it is buffered by the buffer mechanism.

2. The anti-impact torsion impactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least two protective shells (6) are fixed on both the protective cylinder (4) and the buffer cylinder (5). The protective shells (6) on the protective cylinder (4) form a cylinder body and completely enclose the protective cylinder (4). The protective shells (6) on the buffer cylinder (5) form a cylinder body and completely enclose the buffer cylinder (5). The outer fragments (7) are integrally formed on the outer wall of each protective shell (6).

3. The anti-impact torsion impactor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The protective cylinder (4), buffer cylinder (5), protective shell (6) and outer crushing block (7) are all made of hard alloy, and the outer crushing block (7) has a four-sided pyramidal structure.

4. The anti-impact torsion impactor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The length of the outer crushing block (7) is the same as the length of the protective shell (6), and the outer crushing block (7) is set in the middle along the length direction of the protective shell (6).

5. The anti-impact torsion impactor according to claim 4, characterized in that: The height of the middle part of the outer broken block (7) on the protective shell (6) is higher than the height of the two ends.

6. The anti-impact torsion impactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the buffer cylinder (5) is half the length of the protective cylinder (4).

7. The anti-impact torsion impactor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The protective shells (6) on the protective cylinder (4) are evenly arranged, and the protective shells (6) on the buffer cylinder (5) are evenly arranged.

8. The anti-impact torsion impactor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The protective cylinder (4) and the protective shell (6) are fixed together by a locking bolt (8), and the buffer cylinder (5) and the protective shell (6) are fixed together by a locking bolt (8).

9. An anti-impact torsion impactor according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that: The lower part of the protective cylinder (4) is provided with an annular cavity (9), the upper end of the buffer mechanism is slidably connected in the annular cavity (9), and the lower end of the buffer mechanism is fixed to the upper part of the buffer cylinder (5).

10. An anti-impact torsion impactor according to claim 9, characterized in that: The buffer mechanism includes a piston ring (10), a sealing ring (12), a buffer ring (11), a spring (13), and hydraulic oil (14). The lower end of the piston ring (10) is fixed on the buffer cylinder (5), and the upper end of the piston ring (10) is slidably disposed in the annular cavity (9). The sealing ring (12) is fixed on the upper end of the piston ring (10). The spring (13) and the buffer ring (11) are arranged sequentially above the sealing ring (12). The hydraulic oil (14) is disposed between the sealing ring (12) and the buffer ring (11).

11. The anti-impact torsion impactor according to claim 10, characterized in that: A limiting structure is provided between the upper end of the piston ring (10) and the lower end of the annular cavity (9).

12. The anti-impact torsion impactor according to claim 10, characterized in that: The thickness of the buffer ring (11) is at least three times the thickness of the sealing ring (12).

13. The anti-impact torsion impactor according to claim 12, characterized in that: Several annular grooves are provided on the outer wall of the buffer ring (11) and the outer wall of the sealing ring (12).

14. The anti-impact torsion impactor according to claim 10, characterized in that: The piston ring (10) is made of hard alloy, and the buffer ring (11) and sealing ring (12) are both made of nitrile rubber.

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